1

the origin of museums

history and culture of museums

Palazzo della Ragione, Bergamo Ptuj (Slovenia)

Confucius

K’ung-Fu-Tzu(551-479 BC)Ch’ü-fu, Duchy of Lu(now province of Shantung)

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Shoso-in / Todaiji Monastery, Nara (near Kyoto), Japan

Thesaurus of the

Athenians

Delphi

(5th century BC)

Parthenon (Athens)

Pinakotheke

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MusesZeus x Mnemosyne

• Kalliope• Kleio• Euterpe• Thaleia• Melpomene• Terpsichore• Erato• Polyhymnia• Ourania

Valley of the Muses, Thespies (Helikon), origin 6th century BC

Jan Amos Comenius (1592-1670)

Orbis sensualium pictus (1654)

Studiolo Frederico da Montefeltro (1467)

4

warm air moist

fire Prometheus water

dry earth cold

Samuel Quiccheberg (1529-1567)

Scientific collections

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Conrad Gesner (1516-1565)

Cabinet Cospi, Bologna (1677) Ole Worm (1588-1654): Musei Wormiani (Leiden 1655)

Michael Bernhard ValentiniMichael Bernhard Valentini(1657-1714)

Musei Museorum

Frankfurt 1704

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John Tradescant sr1577-1638

John Tradescant jr1608-1662

Musaeum Tradescantianum (“the Ark”)

Elias Ashmole (1617-1677)

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Learned Societies

• Royal Society for the Promotion of Natural Knowledge (1660)

• Académie Royale des Sciences (1666)Académie Royale des Sciences (1666)

• Royal Institution (1799)

Jardin des Plantes, Paris

Lavoisier

York

8

Scarborough

• Lecture hall

• Library

• Collection• Collection

• Laboratory

national museums

Hans Sloane1660-1753

British Museum (Montagu House) 1753 (1759)

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arts

• (1793) Musée de la République (= Louvre)sciences

• (1793) Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelletechnology

• (1794) Conservatoire des Arts et Métiershistory

• (1795) Musée des Monuments Français

John Ruskin (1819-1900)

Great exhibition 1851

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Henry Cole1808-1882

Prince Albert1819-1861

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South Kensington Museum (Victoria & Albert Museum)refreshment room 1863

South Kensington Museum (Victoria & Albert Museum)refreshment room 1868 (William Morris)

Victoria & Albert Museum, museum restaurant 21st century