the north american species of anastatus motschulsky (hymenoptera, eupelmidae)

The North American Species of Anastatus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae)Author(s): B. D. BurksReviewed work(s):Source: Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-), Vol. 93, No. 4 (Dec., 1967),pp. 423-432Published by: American Entomological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25077943 .Accessed: 02/11/2011 10:48

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THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ANASTATUS MOTSCHULSKY (HYMENOPTERA, EUPELMIDAE)

By B. D. Burks

Entomology Research Division, Agriculture Research Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Introduction

The genus Anastatus Motschulsky has never been revised for

North America, though a considerable amount of information has

been published on the biology of some of our species. Anastatus

disparis Ruschka was successfully introduced from Europe into

North America for biological control of the gypsy moth, Porthetria

dispar (L.), in the early years of this century (Clausen, 1956), and there is a very large literature about this species. A. tenuipes Bolivar y Pieltain, a successful parasite of the brown-banded

roach, Supella supellectilium (Serv.), which seems to have followed

its host unaided into the United States, has also accumulated a

rather extensive bibliography (Roth and Willis, 1960). Peck (1963) gives complete bibliographies for all the North

American species of Anastatus up to 1959; later references are in

Burks (1967). Since both these publications are readily avail

able, I have not repeated those citations in this paper. I do give

here, however, the original citation and a brief statement about

hosts and distribution for each species. Where necessary, I have

designated lectotypes from existing cotype series.

In Anastatus antigeny is very great. The males and females

bear little resemblance to each other, figs. 1,2. It is only possible to associate the two sexes through fortunate rearings that happen to produce both sexes under conditions that leave no doubts

about the association of the males and females. Also, the males are rare or absent in some species. As a result, I have had little

reliable male material with which to work and have had to base

the classification entirely on the females.

All the North American species of Anastatus are primary Qgg

parasites that usually develop in the eggs of Hemiptera, Orthop tera, or Lepidoptera. Some of these primary egg parasites may,

however, occasionally act as secondary parasites and develop in

(423)

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 93

424 NORTH AMERICAN ANASTATUS

braconid cocoons (Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927).

North American Anastatus

Key to Females

1. Forewing with a pair of lateral white or hyaline triangles located

approximately at midpoint between base and apex of wing . 2

Forewing with a complete white or hyaline crossband located approxi

mately at midpoint between base and apex . 4

2. Sculpture on the prescutum much smoother than that on the scutellum

. mirabilis (Walsh & Riley)

Sculpture on the anterior sector of the prescutum almost as strong as

that on the scutel'um . 3

3. Posterior, concave portion of mesoscutum nearly smooth, not sculp

tured as is prescutum . pearsalli Ashmead

Posterior, concave portion of mesoscutum sculptured almost as

strongly as is prescutum . ruficollis (Cameron)

4. Ovipositor exserted one-fifth or more length of gaster . 5

Ovipositor not exserted, or tip barely visible . 6

5. White crossband of forewing located at apex of stigmal vein .

. gemmarii (Ashmead)

White crossband of forewing located near middle of marginal vein ....

. floridanus Roth & Willis

6. Scutellum and axillae very finely and granularly sculptured, fig. 6,

mostly or entirely dull, nonmetallic in color . 7

Scutellum and axil'ae more coarsely punctate, fig. 7, predominantly

metallic in color . 8

7. Ocellocular line equal to diameter of lateral ocellus; mesoscutum en

tirely metallic, with posterior, concave portion scu1ptured and hairy

. semiflavidus Gahan

Ocellocular line one-half diameter of lateral ocellus; mesoscutum

mostly tan, with concave portion smooth and bearing only a few

inconspicuous hairs . tenuipes Bolivar y Pieltain

8. Hyaline crossband of forewing broad, embracing more than half the

length of marginal vein, fig. 3 . reduvii (Howard)

Hyaline crossband narrower, as in figs. 4, 5, embracing less than half

the marginal vein . 9

9. Crossband of forewing strongly angled in the middle toward wing

base, fig. I; prescutum sculptured the same as is the scutellum .

. disparis Ruschka

Crossband of forewing almost or quite straight . 10

10. Vertex flattened, gradually sloping from posterior ocelli to occipital

margin; head viewed from in front obvious'y broader than high ....

. microcentri Gahan

B. D. BURKS 425

Vertex convex, not sloping evenly from ocelli to occipital margin; head viewed from in front only slightly or not at all broader than

high . 11 11. Ocellocular line shorter than diameter of lateral ocellus; gaster dark

with a light colored cross stripe near base and another at apex ...

. hirtus (Ashmead)

Ocellocular line equal to or longer than diameter of lateral

ocellus . 12

12. Hyaline crossband of forewing broad, fig. 4, embracing almost half

marginal vein; midtibia with two rows of short, stout spines at

apex, fig. 9 . mantis (Ashmead)

Hyaline crossband of forewing narrow, fig. 5, embracing only a third

the length of marginal vein; midtibia with one row of short, stout

spines at apex, fig. 8 . furnissi, new species

Anastatus disparis Ruschka (Figs. 1, 2)

Anastatus bifasciatus Howard and Fiske and other authors, not Fonsco

lombe.

Anastatus bifasciatus var. disparis Ruschka, 1920, Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien.

Verh. 70: 265. Types in Nat. Hist. Mus., Vienna.

Anastatus disparis Ruschka, Bolivar y Pieltain, 1923, Rev. Fitopat. 1: 119.

Hosts. ? Eggs of Lymantriidae, Porthetria dispar (L.), Nygmia

phaeorrhoea (Don.); also cocoons of Apanteles spp. Distribution. ?

Japan; Western Europe; New England. Both sexes known, figs. 1, 2.

Anastatus drassi (Riley)

Eupelmus drassi Riley, 1892, in Howard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 2: 297.

Type, U. S. N. M. No. 1515.

Anastatus drassi (Riley), Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym., 5: 280.

Host. ? Originally thought to have been reared from the nest

of a spider, but the host material still preserved with the unique

type appears to be the cocoon of a dryinid wasp. Distribution. ? Known only from the type, from Kirkwood, Mo.

Female only known.

This species cannot now be placed in the species key from the

single fragmentary type specimen, but it may well not be an

Anastatus. Dalla Torre placed it in this genus only from the

literature. I have listed it here because all catalogs continue to

place it in this genus, and I am unable to place it elsewhere.



Anastatus floridanus Roth & Willis

Anastatus floridanus Roth & Willis, 1954, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 80: 31.

Holotype 9. ? U. S. N. M. No. 62211. Allotype 8 and 16

9 , 7 8 paratypes in type series.

Host. ? Egg case of roach, Eurycotis floridana (Walker).

Distribution. ?

Fla.

Both sexes known.

Anastatus furnissi new species (Figs. 5, 7, 8)

This species is most closely related to mantis (Ashmead), but

differs in having the crossband of the forewing narrower, in having

only 1 row of short, stout bristles at the apex of the midtibia, and

in having the ninth tergum rounded posteriorly, rather than tri

angular, as in mantis.

Length. ? 2.5 ? 3.0 mm. Head with faint bronze luster, antennal

scape tan, pedicel and flagellum dark brown to black; pronotum tan with

faint iridescent luster; mesoscutum black, showing faint iridescence pos

teriorly; scutellum and axillae strongly punctate, with strong metallic

coloration; mesopleuron tan posteriorly, shading to black anteriorly,

mesosternum black; propodeum black; legs dark brown with black shading on coxae and outer faces of femora and tibiae; forewing dark brown,

hyaline with white trichiae at base and on crossband, the latter located

just basal to stigmal vein; hindwing hyaline; gaster black with inconspicuous

pale spot on venter near base, apex of ovipositor yellow. Head, body, and

appendages clothed with short, white hair.

Each mandible with 2 ventral teeth of approximately equal size and a

dorsal truncation; a very short carina extending dorsally from lateral

margin of each antennal fossa, margin of scrobe cavity otherwise ecarinate;

scrobe cavity with semitransverse, lineolate aciculations, parascrobal areas

minutely alveolate. Ocellocular line and diameter of lateral ocellus equal.

Antennal scape slightly bowed, almost straight (not strongly bent at the

middle, as in mantis); pedicel one-fourth as long as scape, ring segment

one-fifth as long as pedicel; first 3 funiculars equal in length and each

slightly longer than pedicel; fourth and fifth funiculars equal and each

three-quarters as long as third; sixth and seventh equal in length, each

three-fifths as long as third; club 3 times as long as seventh funicular.

Median length of pronotum half as great as its width at posterior margin;

8 long bristles in a transverse row near posterior margin of pronotum.

Entire dorsal surface of mesoscutum dull and coriaceous; scute'lum and

axillae with dense, alveolate punctation; mesopleuron shining and with

short, dense hair anteriorly, subshining (faintly striate) and without

pubescence posteriorly. Postscutellum usually visible, smooth and shining.

B. D. BURKS 427

Each midtibia with a single row of short, stout spines at apex.

Propodeum smooth and shining, length at meson ha f that of propodeal

spiracle. Dorsal surface of gaster coriaceous; posterior margin of eighth

tergum incised slightly so as to expose the cerci borne by ninth tergum, the latter rounded and semi-arcuate in shape, with a median, terminal, semicircular incision at point where tips of ovipositor sheaths protrude

slightly.

Male. ?

Unknown.

Type locality. ?

Sisters, Oregon.

Holotype. ? U. S. N. M. No. 69366.

Described from 83 female specimens, as follows: Holotype and 1 paratype, Sisters, Oregon, June 8, 1959, reared from eggs of Coloradla pandora Blake, R. L. Furniss, Hopkins No. 33524-C; 4 paratypes, Corvallis, Oreg., May 13, 1946, K. R. Hobbs, col

lector; 77 paratypes, Corvallis, Oreg., April 18, 1947, reared from

eggs of Pseudohazis sp., K. R. Hobbs.

Hosts. ? Primary parasite of eggs of moths of the family

Saturniidae.

Anastatus gemmarii (Ashmead)

Eupelmus gemmarii Ashmead, 1886, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 13: 129.

Lectotype 9, U. S. N. M. No. 41238, labeled, "Jacksonville, Fla.,

Type, Eupelmus gemmarii Ashm." Present designation of lectotype. Six $ para ectotypes in type series.

Anastatus gemmarii (Ashmead), Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U. S.

Dept. Agr., Monog. 2, p. 513.

Hosts. ? This was said to have been reared from the gall of

the cynipid Callirhytis gemmaria (Ashmead), but this rearing has

not been repeated in over 80 years. It may be incorrect.

Distribution. ? Known only from the type specimens from

Florida.

Female only known.

Anastatus hirtus (Ashmead)

Eupelmus hirtus Ashmead, 1885, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 12: Proc, p. xiv.

Lectotype $, U. S. N. M. No. 3024, labeled, "Jacksonville, Fla., Col

lection Ashmead, Eupelmus hirtus Ashm." Present designation of

lectotype. One $, 1 # paralectotypes in type series.

Anastatus hirtus (Ashmead), Peck in Muesebeck et al, 1951, TJ. S. Dept.

Agr., Monog. 2, p. 513.



Host. ? Eggs of pentatomid, Thy anta custator (?.).

Distribution. ? N. Y. south to Fla.

Both sexes known.

Anastatus mantis (Ashmead) (Fig. 4)

Eupelmus mantis Ashmead, 1883, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 12: Proc, p. xv.

Lectotype 9, U. S. N. M. No. 3023, labeled "Jacksonville, F:a., Col

lection Ashmead, From eggs of Mantis Carolina Ap/85, Eupelmus mantis Ashm." Present designation of lectotype. Two 9, 2 $ para

lectotypes in type series. All specimens fragmentary. Anastatus mantis (Ashmead), Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U. S. Dept.

Agr., Monog. 2, p. 513.

Host. ?

Egg case of praying mantis, Stagmomantis Carolina

(Johan.). Distribution. ? Fla. and Gulf Coast north to Okla. and 111.

Both sexes known.

Anastatus microcentri Gahan

Anastatus microcentri Gahan, 1922, Proc. U. S. Nati. Mus., 61 (24): 12.

Holotype 9, U. S. N. M. No. 24987; also allotype $ and 5 9 para

types in type series.

Host. ? Eggs of katydid, Microcentrum sp.

Distribution. ?

Pa. and D. C. west to Kans., Tex., and Ariz.

Both sexes known.

Anastatus mirabilis (Walsh & Riley)

Antigaster mirabilis Wa'sh & Riley, 1869, Amer. Ent., 1: 156. Lectotype

9, U. S. N. M. No. 1539, labeled, "Antigaster mirabilis Walsh $."

Present designation of lectotype. Two 9, 2 $ paralectotypes in type

series.

Eupelmus (Antigastra) mirabilis (Walsh & Riley), Howard, 1880, Canad.

Ent, 12: 209.

Anastatus mirabilis (Walsh & Riley), Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym., 5: 280.

Hosts. ? Eggs of tree cricket, Oecanthus sp., praying mantids,

and several genera of Tettigoniidae; the pentatomids, Acrosternum

hilare (Say) and Brochymena sp., and a sphingid moth, Cressonia

juglandis (A. & S.). Some of these rearings should be repeated. Distribution.

? N. J. south to Fla., west to Kans. and Tex.

Both sexes known.

B. D. BURKS 429

Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead

Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead, 1898, Ent. News, 9: 24. Lectotype 9, U. S. N. M. No. 22878, labeled, "Brooklyn, N. Y., R. F. Pearsall, Ex

Smerinthus astylus, Aug. 20, 97, Anastatus pearsalli Ashm. 9 "

Present designation of lectotype. Two 9 paralectotypes in type series.

Hosts. ? Eggs of a sphingid, Paonias astylus (Dru.); Heterop

tera, Acrosternum hilare (Say), Archimerus alternat us (Say), Banasa dimidiata (Say); also cocoons of Apanteles sp.

Distribution. ? Mass, south to N. C, west to Wise, and Ark.

Both sexes known.

Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Fig. 3)

Eupelmus reduvii Howard, 1880, Canad. Ent., 12: 207. Lectotype 9, U. S. N. M. No. 2668, labeled, "from eggs of Reduv. noven. 29.4.79, D. C, Eupelmus reduvii How." Present designation of lectotype. Three 9,3 8 paralectotypes in type series. All specimens frag

mentary. Anastatus reduvii (Howard), Waterston, 1923, Bui. Ent. Res., 14: 104.

Hosts. ? Eggs of Heteroptera, Acrosternum hilare (Say),

Anasa tristis (Degeer), Arilus cristatus (L.); Tettigoniidae, Micro

centrum sp.; Lepidoptera, Anisota sp., Estigmene acraea (Dru.),

Telea polyphemus Cr.; Ascalaphidae, Ululodes sp. Distribution. ? D. C. and Md. south to Fla., west to Kans. and

Tex.; West Indies, Central America, northern South America.

Both sexes known.

Anastatus ruficollis (Cameron)

Brasema ruficollis Cameron, 1905, Invert. Pacif., 1: 125. Location of type unknown. [Early records of this species from California published under the name mirabilis.]

Anastatus rugosicollis (!) Crawford, 1913, Proc. U. S. Nati. Mus., 46: 347.

Anastatus ruficollis (Cameron), Essig, 1926, Ins. West. N. Amer., p. 843.

Hosts. ? Eggs of Tettigoniidae, Microcentrum rhombifolium

(Sauss.), Scudderia furcata B. v. W., undet. katydids. Distribution. ? Calif.

Both sexes known.

Anastatus semiflavidus Gahan

Anastatus semiflavidus Gahan, 1914, Proc. U. S. Nati. Mus., 48: 160.

Lectotype 9, U. S. N. M. No. 18331, labeled, "Koehler, N. Mex.,



W. F. Schlupp Collector, Webster No. 5054, Cage No. 431, Anastatus

semiflavidus 9 Type Gahan." Present designation of lectotype. Eight

2,48 paralectotypes in type series.

Hosts. ? Eggs of Saturniidae, Hemileuca nevadensis Stretch,

H. oliviae Cockerell.

Distribution. ? Kans. and Tex. west to Calif. Both sexes known.

Anastatus tenuipes Bolivar y Pieltain (Fig. 6)

Anastatus tenuipes Bolivar y Pieltain, 1925, Bui. Soc. Roy. Ent. Egypte, 9:

43. Type originally in Alfieri Collection in Cairo, now U. S. N. M.

No. 69016. Species described from 1 female specimen. Anastatus blattidarum Ferri?re, 1930, Bul. Ent. Res., 21: 33. Types in

Brit. Mus. Species syn. by Roth and Willis, 1960, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 141: 246.

Host. ?

Egg cases of brown-banded roach, Supella supellec

tilium (Serv.). Distribution.

? Cosmopolitan.

Both sexes known, but males are rare.

This species, described from Egypt, followed its host into

the United States, first becoming established in Arizona about

1939 (Flock, 1941). It probably came in from Mexico, because

U. S. quarantine inspectors have continued to intercept it in ship ments crossing the Mexican border into the United States. A.

tenuipes has spread to practically all areas where its host is

established. It competes successfully with the encyrtid egg para

site, Comperia merceti (Compere), that also attacks the brown

banded roach.

Anastatus zeli (Ashmead)

Eupelmus zeli Ashmead, 1886, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 13: 130. Type $,

U. S. N. M. No. 22879, labeled, "Jacksonville, Fla., Eupelmus zeli

Ashm., Ap. 85." Described from 2 $ specimens, one of which cannot

now be found. The one that remains is fragmentary.

Anastatus zeli (Ashmead), Peck in Muesebeck et al, 1951, U. S. Dept.

Agr., Monog. 2, p. 514.

Host. ? Eggs of reduviid, Zelus longipes (L.).

Distribution. ?

Fia.

Female only known.

B. D. BURKS 431

This species has not been reared again since it was described

80 years ago. At present, because of the remaining mutilated

type specimen, it cannot be placed with any certainty among the

other species of the genus. I have not designated this damaged

specimen as the lectotype of the species because, should the

missing cotype specimen be found at some later time, it might be

a more suitable specimen to be chosen as the lectotype.

Literature Cited

Burks, B. D. in K. V. Krombein and B. D. Burks, eds. 1967. Hymenop

tera of America North of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog, U. S. Dept. Agr.,

Monog. no. 2, Second Supplement, 584 p.

Clausen, C. P. 1956. Biological Control of Insect Pests, U. S. Dept.

Agr., Tech. Bull. 1139, 151 p.

Flock, R. A. 1941. Biological Control of the Brown-banded Roach,

Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. 36:1-4.

Muesebeck, C. F. W. and S. M. Dohanian. 1927. A Study of Hyper

parasitism, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 1487, 36 p.

Peck, O. 1963. A Catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea, Can. Ent.

Supplement 30, 1092 p.

Roth, L. M. and E. R. Willis. 1960. The Biotic Association of Cock

roaches, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 141, 470 p.


Explanation of Figures

Plate 1

Figures 1-2. Dorsal aspect of the entire body of Anastatus disparis Ruschka. Fig. 1, female. Fig. 2, male.

Plate 2

Figures 3-9. Details of Anastatus species. Forewings. Fig. 3, A. reduvii

(Howard). Fig. 4, A. mantis (Ashmead). Fig. 5, A. furnissi n. sp. Dorsal aspect of the thorax, showing detail of sculpture of scutellum.

Fig. 6, A. tenuipes Bolivar y Pieltain. Fig. 7, A. furnissi n. sp. Apex of mid tibia (sp, tibial spur; ta, base of first tarsal segment). Fig. 8, A. furnissi n. sp. Fig. 9, A. mantis (Ashmead).

Plate 1

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BURKS-ANASTATUS

Plate 2

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BURKS-ANASTATUS

the north american species of anastatus motschulsky (hymenoptera, eupelmidae)

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