Ravalli County Curriculum ConsortiumAugust 2011

Marzano Research Laboratory

Taxonomy gives a framework for developing tasks more easily. Gives complexity.

Level 6 – Self-System Thinking Level 5 – Metacognition Level 4 – Knowledge Utilization Level 3 – Analysis Level 2 – Comprehension Level 1 – Retrieval

• Executing--Almost a different category. Can vary in complexity K-12. Performing procedures

• Recalling—Short answer type question. Information isn’t provided. Producing information on demand

• Recognizing—Most basic level. Information is provided. Determining whether information is accurate, inaccurate

or unknown

Process Definition Example activity

ExecutingThe student can perform

procedures without significant errors

Provide the next number in the sequence:

7,11,14,18,21,___?

Recalling The student can produce information on demand Label the diagram of the cell

RecognizingThe student can determine

whether provided information is accurate, inaccurate or unknown

Which of the following did not land on the moon?A.Neil Armstrong

B.Buzz AldrinC.Michael Collins

Process Possible Verbs

Executing •Use•Demonstrate•Show•Make•Complete

•Draft•Create

Recalling •Exemplify•Name•List•Label•State

•Describe•Who•What•Where•When

Recognizing •Recognize (from a list)•Select (from a list)•Identify (from a list)•Determine if the following Statements are true

If the element involves the components of a conversational greeting…

…Write a sample task utilizing:•Recognizing Which one of the following is a component of a greeting.

•Recalling List 2 different greetings.

Symbolizing—Non-linguistic •Construct symbolic representations of information

Integrating--Summarizing•Identify basic structure of information—most important points.

Process Definition Example activity

SymbolizingDepicting the critical aspects of knowledge in a pictorial? form

Diagram the structure of the 3 branches of the U.S. government

IntegratingIdentifying the critical or essential elements

of knowledgeSummarize the main

causes of the Civil War

Process Possible Verbs

Symbolizing •Symbolize•Depict•Represent•Illustrate•Draw

•Show•Use models•Diagram•Chart

Integrating •Describe how or why•Describe the key parts of•Describe the effects•Describe the relationship between

•Explain ways in which•Paraphrase•Summarize

If the element involves the components of conversational greetings.

…With the group at your table, come up with a sample task utilizing:•Symbolizing Create a diagram showing the components of greetings

•Integrating Summarize the key components of conversational greetings.

Specifying—making predictions• Identify logical consequences of information

Generalizing• Construct new principles or generalizations

based on information Analyzing Errors—i.e. editing

• Identify errors Classifying

• Identify categories to which information belongs

Matching• Identify important similarities and differences

Operation Definition Example activity

SpecifyingMaking and defending

predictions about what might happen

Predict the impact of a 5 degree change in

temperature on the Earth and explain the prediction

Generalizing Inferring new generalizations from known knowledge

Based on what you know, why do humans build

settlements where they do?

Analyzing Errors

Identifying logical or factual errors in knowledge

Examine candidate’s campaign literature to find

errors or overgeneralizations

ClassifyingIdentifying superordinate and

subordinate categories to which information belongs

Organize the following countries into 3 different

regions

Matching Identifying similarities and differences

Compare and contrast the foreign policy of the U.S. under Presidents Clinton

and Bush.

Process Possible Verbs

Specifying •Make and defend•Predict•Judge•Deduce

•What would have to happen•Develop an argument•Under what conditions

Generalizing •Generalize•What conclusions can be drawn•What inferences can be made

•Create a generalization•Create a principle•Create a rule•Trace the development of•Form conclusions

Analyzing Errors

•Revise•Edit•Evaluate

•Diagnose•Critique•Assess

•Identify errors•Identify problems•Identify issues

Process Possible verbs

Classifying •Classify•Organize•Sort

•Identify a broader category•Identify categories•Identify different types

Matching •Categorize•Compare and Contrast•Differentiate

•Discriminate•Distinguish•Sort

•Create analogy•Create metaphor

If the element involves the components of conversation with the group at your table, come up with a sample task utilizing:•Specifying Under what conditions would you use different types of greeting?

•Generalizing What general conditions must exist for greetings?

•Analyzing Errors What errors are made in conversational greetings?

If the element involves the components of conversational greetings…

…With the group at your table, come up with a sample task utilizing:• Classifying Organize the greetings into categories (e.g. formal occasions, informal occasions, gender differences etc.)

• Matching Compare the greeting components in different cultures.

Investigating• Testing an hypothesis using the

assertions and opinions of others Experimenting

• Testing an hypothesis using data collected by the student

Problem Solving• Using information to accomplish a

goal for which obstacles or limiting conditions exist

Decision Making• Using information to make a decision

Process Definition Example Activity

InvestigatingGenerate a hypothesis and use the assertions and opinions of others to test the hypothesis

Generate a hypothesis and research what

might happen to the polar ice caps if the temperature of the

earth rose 5 degrees

ExperimentingGenerating and testing a

hypothesis by conducting an experiment and collecting data

Generate and test a hypothesis about the growth of plants in

various medium

Problem solving

Accomplishing a goal for which obstacles exist

Determine the best strategy for

accomplishing peace in the world

Decision Making

Selecting among alternatives that initially appear to be equal

Choose the best site for a new airport from 3 alternatives. Explain

your decision.

Process Possible Verbs

Investigating •Investigate•Research•Find out about•Take a position on

•What are the differing features of•How/Why did this happen•What would have happened if

Experimenting

•Experiment•Generate and test•Test the idea that•What would happen if

•How would you test that•How would you determine if•How can this be explained•Based on the experiment, what can be predicted

Problem-Solving

•Solve•Adapt•Develop a strategy to

•Figure out a way to•How would you overcome•How will you reach your goal to

Decision-Making

•Decide•Select the best among alternatives

•Which of these is most suitable•What is the best way

…With the group at your table, come up with sample tasks utilizing 1 or 2 of the Knowledge utilization processes…• Investigating

Research other types of conversation patterns.• Problem-Solving

Develop a strategy that could enhance conversations.

• Decision – Making What component of conversation was the most

significant ?

These are not assessed in the typical classroom Monitoring Accuracy

• The student is able to determine their own level of accuracy

Monitoring Clarity• The student is able to determine how clear

their understanding is Process Monitoring

• The student is able to monitor their own progress toward a specific goal

Specifying Goals• The student is able to specify learning

goals and develop a plan to achieve them

These are not assessed in the typical classroom Examining motivation

• The students identifies his or her own level of motivation towards learning

Examining Emotional Response• The student identifies his or her own emotional

response to the learning Examining Efficacy

• The student identifies beliefs about his or her ability to improve competence or understanding

Examining Importance• The student identifies how important the

learning is and the reasons behind this belief