日本水文科学会誌 第30巻，第 i号，15-22 (2000)

The National Well and Hydrology Database of the Geological Survey of Japan，

and its Handling Software "Well-King Dictionary" (in Japanese， Idojibiki)

Atsunao MARUI

Abstract

Nationwide database for well and groundwater information is required from the view point of emergency control of calamity disasters and environmental pro-tections. The Hydrogeology Section of the Geological Survey of Japan has com-pleted a nationwide well and hydrology database (Marui etαl.， 1996)， This paper outline喝 thefeatures of the database and its accompanying software， called Idojib政iin Japanese (for Windows 95/98/NT)， which allows search and display of this database on a personal computer.

Key words : Database， Well information， Groundwater information， Software

1. Introduction

Incredible damages by earthquakes are re-

ported on TV at Chinese Taipei in 1999， Kobe in

1995 and Los Angeles in 1994. At that time， water

is one of very important life line which de-

manded comeback first. If they have some infor-

mation about well and groundwater quality， it

will be a strong help for survival. On the other

hand， everybody have understood the importance

of environmental protection， however， there is no

nationwide data and database about hydrology

which will be requested to compar巴 thedata of

environment in the future. We are now facing to

summarize the data of groundwater and to built

up a database opened to the people.

The Hydrogeology Section of the Geological

Survey of Japan has long been engaged in col-

lecting data on wells and geology， and has built

* Geological Survey of Japan， Hydrogt'"ll)呂、 St;"C'tion

a data library in which parts of the data as well

as data obtained from pertinent organizations

can be viewed. More than 2∞，∞o data are owned

by the Laboratory (of the Section) itself， so that

the total sum of data， including those of other

organizations， is many times that number. The

digitization of these data began around 1995， and

as of this writing about 80，000 data have been en-

tered in the sytem. These data include some

33，∞o data from the National Land Agency

(Deep Well File) ， more than 10，∞o data from

other pertinent organizations (disclosed and un-

disclosed)， and original data from our Labora-

tory. Since some of these data are incomplete

and not fomatted in the standard data format

described later， only about 80% of the data are

available for use. Not巴thatthe Laboratory re-

fers to incomplete data and software， as well as

to standardized and formatted complete data， as

"the databank". It is thought a databank， espe-

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cially arranged database， is a useful w巴aponto

make a new project for example. 1 hope a data

base like this will be needed to make bottom up

th巴 hydrologicalsciences.

1I. Outline of the Well and Hydrogeology Database

This databank contains miscellaneous data on

wells. Some of these data cannot be visualized

because of insufficient information content. On

the other hand， however， there are data containg

specific water quality information such as

hotspring data， etc.， and detailed physical log-

ging data as well as ground drilling data for

construction projects needing information on

groundwater. This well and hydrology database

was constructed so that it may cover both st田-

dard well data as well as the miscellaneous data

mentioned abov巴 Morespecifically， the well

data provided in the database include the follow-

mg:

(1) Geographical information (address， longitude

/latitude， etc.)

(2) Geological information (geologic column， hy-

draulic conductivity， etc.)

(3) Groundwater information (groundwater level

and various test results， quality and tempera-

ture of groundwater， etc.)

(4) Well structure information (screen depth and

pipe diameter， pump information， etc.)

As a matter of practicality， data recording has

been made according to various forms depending

on the region， year， and drilling contractor. In

particular， there are great differences in geologト

cal notations. The entry of 27，049 well data in

strict compliance with original notations re-

sulted in widely varying (115，264) types of nota-

tions. These were summarized and classified

into 13 categories on the basis of water

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permeability (Marui et al.， 1996)， as follows:

1. Surface soil (surface soil， cultivated soil，

Kuroboku soil， humus， peat， etc.)

2. Soil (soil， Shirasu， decomposed granite， mud，

etc.)

3. Clay (clay， clay mixed with others)

4. Loam (Kanto loam， etc.)

5. Silt (silt， volcanic ash)

6. Sand (various sands and sand mixed with

others)

7. Sand and gravel (various sand and gravel，

sand and gravel mixed with others)

8. Gravel (gravel， ballast， boulder， pumice，

gravel mixed with others)

9. Rock (various rocks， coal， brown coal)

10. Alternation of strata (various alternations of

strata)

11. Bed (various bed， pre-tertiary deposits)

12. Miscellaneous geology (fossils， coral reefs，

and other natural geology not includ巴din

above categories)

13. Others (basement， pipe， and caves， not in-

cluded in the natural geology)

The above categorization was employed be-

cause the prime concern in establishing the data-

base was to obtain data on the fluidity of

groundwater. The database includes the original

notation records， and the software enables easy

search of these records whether the user has ad-

vanced knowledge of the database or not. In a

similar vein， minimum required water quality

items are included as key data， which may lm-

tially appear to be insufficient for certain users.

However， as mentioned above， the databank con-

tains a water quality sub-database for

hotsprings， as well as a physical logging sub-

database， and further data and data input items

are added daily. These will assist in reconstruct-

ing the database through recustomization， as

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The National Well and Hydrology Database of the Geological Survey of Japan， and its Handling Software "¥VelトKingDictionary" (in Japan四，ldojibikiJ

Table 1 Well data record format (basic data)

Field Data Type Bvtes Remarks Field Data Tvoe Bvtes Remarks 円leNo. Text 4 Completed Year Integer Well No. Text 4 Completed Month Integer

Code of Prefecture Text 2 Completed Date Inte箆"erCode of City Text 2 Aim ofUse Text 16 Address 1 Text 30 City Well Depth D.P. (m) Address 2 Text 30 Street Screen Layers Integer Owner Text 40 Depth of Sc開 en D.P. (m)

Mesh Division Intel!er Well Diameter D.P. (mm) 1 st Class Mesh Text 4 Natural Water Level D.P (m) 2nd Class Mesh Text 2 Pumped Water Level D.P. (m) Name ofMap Text 10 Pumoed Water Volume D.P. (Vd)

Latitude(Dewees) Integer Gushing Volume D.P. (t/d) Latitude(Minutes) Integer Water Temperature D.P. (OC) Latitude(Seconds) Intel!er Chlorine Concen廿ation D.P. (ppm) Longitude(Degrees) Integer pH D.P. !.，Qr1git!Jde(Minutes) Integer Iron Concentration D.P. (ppm) Longitude(Seconds) Integer Evaporation residue D.P. (ppm)

D.P・Doubleprec聞 on

Table 2 Well data format (geology and screen data). The end depth of geology， geo-logical remarks (ent巴redas original)， name of geology， up-end depth of screen， and length of screen are entered as frequently as needed. Key data of this database is a combination of Table 1 and 2 . Data of this portion is com-mon to all input data

may be required.

Tables 1 and 2 indicate the format of the key

portion of the data recording form. As shown，

one well data is divided into three portions， and

each portion is stored， using a single record， in

the relational database， so that searching and

changes are easy to execute. The original soft-

ware“Well-King Dictionary (WKD)" will prove

effective for data input. This software includes

an additional function which enables one to

search the name of a city， town， or village on

the basis of the postal code or telephone area

code. 1t further allows any user， whether a begin

ner or a person unfamiliar with computer use， to

add entries simply by click of a mouse

sI. Outline of the Original Visualizing 50代ware，

.Well-King Dictionary (WKD)"

The release of the Japanese and English ver-

sions of the software enabling display and search

of this database (WKD for Windows 95/98/NT)

was announced in October (Marui， 1997a) and

December (Marui， 1997b) of 1997. Two enlarged

versions are to be released in 1999. WKD is

briefly described below in order to encourage its

use.

WKD plots input well data on the screen，

searching a well in any requested ar巴a，and dis-

plays the data while overlaying a map and an

activ白 faultdiagram. This software can also

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display geological information (geologic column

and screen depth). When plotting the well posi-

tion， the software creates a distribution diagram

by identifying key factors such as groundwater

temperature and well depth， by color differencia-

tion. This function makes it possible to identify

the high-temperature goundwater area of a

hotspring， or to determine areas where ground

water development has reached considerable

depth.

This software operates on Windows

95/98/NT， and all operations can be made with

a mouse. ln order to process the well data cover-

ing the entirety of Japan， 20 Mb or more RAM，

and a hard disk of more than 400Mb (for about

50，000 data) are req uired; less is req uired if the

quantity of the data to b巴 processedis less. A

Pentium processor of 166 MHz or more is recom-

mended.

On startup of WKD， a screen as shown in Fig.1

appears. Specify on this screen the zoom size，

and drag the position-setting frame to an arbi

trary point in order to choose a target area.

Then select， from the display mode， a display

item in the target area. Default display layers

currently available include shoreline position，

lake position， river position， administrative

boundaries， and active fault diagram. Select any

one of these items as may be required (Fig. 2 )，

then select display of temperature， depth， and de-

f ault colors identification as well as data display

m巴thod目 Thescreen shown in Fig. 3 then ap-

pears. For temperature and depth color identifi-

cation， the numerical value and color tone can be

freely changed in the detailed setting window

(Figs. 4 and 5 )

Should one wish for information on a given

well， click on the well position on the screen. The

well data topic window appears， and includes the

number of wells in the same area; this is

Marui

followed by a prompt to choose whether or not

detailed data on individual wells is to be dis-

played (Fig. 3 ). It is possible to change color

identif ication on this screen， f rom def ault to

water temperature， or to depth. A specification

range can be added as well. Selecting detailed or

strata display of well data in this window gener

ates data indication for each well (Fig. 6).

The delailed data display window is the same

as the input window; this feature makes it possi-

ble to add data as may be wished， thus enabling

each user to easily create a unique database.

Furthermore， if the user's data record formal is

matched beforehand to that of this database，

this results in a problem-free expansion of the

database by making the data readable by any-

one.

The column can display up to 100 wells， while

assigning a number of these wells. It is possible

to improve the overall view by changing the well

column width and height， or by viewing only one

well in detail， as illustrated in Figs. 7， 8 and 9.

Finally， this soft ware uses as its main engllle

the ODBC driver of Microsoft Access， thereby en

suring easy group management and itemized

search capacity.

As described above， this software is Japanese

first nationwide database display that encom-

passes all necessary information items concern-

ing wells and groundwater， and offers unrivalled

accuracy and information quantity. WKD is a

user friendly software and can operate success-

fully on any personal computer available on the

market

lV. Conclusions

The Geological Survey of Japan has developed

the software called Well-King Dictionary in

order to visualize well and ground water data

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The National lVell and Hydrology Database of the Geological 8urvey of Japan， and its Handling 80ftw四 "Well-KingDictionary" (in Japan時e，ldojibiki)

Fig. 1 Startup screen (Select the area on the position view window， allowing dis-play of the details of the well distribu-tion in the map window)

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Fig. 2 Display layer selection window， m which map layers to be overlaid over the well plots are selected. N ormally，

th白 administrativeboundary is shown in green， water area in blue， and active faults in red.

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Fig.3 Typical map display output. In this example， well positions are shown over the ad-ministrative boundary position. (Dots in the map indicate wells. Specifying any par-ticular well will call a well data topic window to open.)

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Fig.4 Typical plot display window by temperature. in which the temperature classification

and display color tone can be freely selected

Fig.5 Typical well data topic window. in which the number of wells in one location is indi

cated when there are multiple of wells exist in one location (plant. etc.). Detailed data

and strata can be displayed for each well

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The National Well and Hydrology Database of the Geological Survey of Japan， and its Handling Software“¥Vell.King Dictionary" (in Japanese， ldojibiki)

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Fig.6 Typical data display window， which can be used for data entry. This screen has a

strata graphic indication butLon which enables visualization of geology and well condi-tion (scr巴巴nposition， etc.)

Fig.7 Typical geologic column display， which can display maximum 100 columns. The

width height of the column can be changed as required

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Fig.8 Typical strata graph setting window，

which has a function to speci[y the width and length o[ one column [or easy understanding

from all over Japan. This software is also

available in its Japanese version， which can

also be us巴dto build up a well database of any

country (even if they use 2-bytes charact巴r)，

provided a geographical map is loaded before-

hand. This software enables the introduction of

data inside and outside Japan with ease. B争

cause the entry of data concerning agricultural

shallow wells and exploratory drilling during

engineering work is delayed at present， future

priority will be given to the entry of these data.

We hope， moreover， to make these data public

by means of various multi-media programs， but

there are problems to be solved before publica-

tion， such as copyright issues， the potential

risks of abuse of the data， and other related

matters. As of today， we plan to make public

our data format and the original softwar巴

(WKD). As regards the database itself， those

portions concerning which the problems outlined

above are solved will be made public by means

of Open File Report.

Acknowledgements

This manuscript was prepared with the sup-

port of WaRMAC. The author would like to ex-

press sincere gratitude to Dr.日irokiTakamura，

Professor at Rissho University， who created the

WaRMAC Program as the groundwater enginner

Marui

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Fig.9 Typical strata data window， which en-ables selection o[ necessary data for display

training course of JICA. Also the author ex

press sincere gratitude to Dr. Allan Grapard

who is a professor of Univ. California Santa

Barbara， to brush up this manuscript.

References

Marui Atsunao， Yasuhara Masaya， Ishii

Takemasa (1996): Outline of the well data-

base of the G邑ologicalSurvey of Japan， Geol-

ogy News， no.502， 59-62

Marui Atsunao (1997a): Outline of the

groundwater and hydrology geological data-

base， '97 Hokuriku Technical Exchange，

Techno-fair Technical Exchange Salon， Fukui

City

Marui Atsunao (1997b): The Outline of Japa-

nese Well and Hydrology Database， 1997 Fall

Meeting of American Geophysical Union

(AGU) ， San Francisco.

(受付 1999年 3月15日)

(受理 1999年11年18日)

この討論に対する「討論」を2000年8月31日ま

で受付けます。

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