The National State and Democracy

Chapter 13, Section 3

Western vs Eastern Europe• Western Europe

– What kinds of progress have we seen for Great Britain, France, Italy?

– Political Democracy characterized by:• Universal male suffrage, civil

liberties• Ministerial responsibility, or a

prime minister responsible to the elected legislature rather than king

• Eastern Europe– What have we seen with

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia?

– Does power rest with people or those in charge?

The West• Great Britain

– Two-party system (Conservatives and Liberals)

– By the end of WWI, all men over 21 and women over 30 can vote• Labor unions, Labour Party, and

legislation protected workers and their rights

• France– Elected president and legislature

set up following Louis Napoleon• Senate and Chamber of Deputies

make and pass laws

– Prime minister (ministerial responsibility)

• Italy– Constant fighting between workers

and industry– Corruption exists despite universal

male suffrage

The East• Germany

– Strongest military and industrial power in Europe

– Otto von Bismarck prime minister– Although there as an elected portion of the

legislature, ministers answered to emperor

• Austria-Hungary– Emperor Francis Joseph ignored constitution

and appointed and dismissed ministers that answered to him

– Still troubled by nationalities of governed peoples

• Russia– In 1905, workers swarmed St. Petersburg to

speak out against conditions, fired upon by soldiers• Called “Bloody Sunday”

– Created legislative assembly called Duma, only lasted 2 years

Across the Pond• United States

– Aftermath of Civil War• 13th Amendment – Abolished

slavery• 14th Amendment – Citizenship

to African Americans• 15th Amendment – Voting rights

to African Americans

– Economy• Agrarian to Industrial• By 1900, U.S. is world’s richest

nation

– Imperialism• Samoa, Hawaii, Puerto Rico,

Guam, and Philippines all added

• Canada– Canada branched from

Atlantic to Pacific

International Rivalries• Bismarck’s fear

– Thought France was conspiring to create an anti-German alliance

– Made an alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879• Added Italy in 1882, forming The

Triple Alliance

– Also made a separate treaty with Russia and tried to remain friends with Great Britain

• Western Europe responds– William II got rid of Bismarck,

dropped German treaty with Russia

– France picks up Russia as an ally in 1894, Britain in 1907• Triple Entente created, Europe

divided

Crises in the Balkans• With Europe divided, one

mistake would bring war– Balkans again become a concern

• Begins when Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina– Serbia is outraged, Russia backs

them

• William II demands Russia back down or face war with Germany– Russians back down

• Creates distrust, hatred between these nations

Exit Slip

• What two things characterize a political democracy?

• How did Eastern and Western Europe differ politically during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

• Who made up the Triple Alliance? The Triple Entente?