the nation divides ch 10 sections 1, 3, 4, and 5
TRANSCRIPT
Case Against Slavery Northern View:
End slavery Still quite prejudiced Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s
Cabin Impact on northerners: more abolitionists Impact on southerners: said not all masters are
mean, compared to factory system slaves are treated better than Industrial workers
Improvements Help Railroads
Helped with trade Wiped out the use of canals
Telegraph improved communication Both of these found primarily in the North
Remember… Missouri Compromise
Helped in the short-run by keeping a balance in Congress
In the long-run caused problems once the US gained new territory out west
1848 election Slavery issue ignored Free Soil Party created Taylor won
California wanted to be added as a free state Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850
More strict Fugitive Slave Act No more slave trade in Washington, DC Congress admitted CA as a free state TX gave up claims to NM for $10 million People in NM and UT had popular sovereignty
Debate in Congress Calhoun: south does not have to give up
its liberties in order to save the Union Webster: save the Union Taylor died, Fillmore became president Douglas helped get compromise passed by
doing it in separate votes Compromise of 1850 passed “Great Compromise” saves the Union
Douglas is Back! Stephen Douglas
Wanted Chicago to benefit from the development of the West
Wanted it to be a center of trade (RR) Wanted to run for president
Needed southern Democratic support Presented a plan for the development of the
Kansas and Nebraska Territories
Kansas-Nebraska Act January 1854 presented to Congress Split Kansas and Nebraska and give them each
popular sovereignty In effect: would repeal the Missouri Compromise and use
popular sovereignty instead Would please the south because there may be 2 more
slave states in areas that under the MO Compromise slavery would be prohibited
Would please the north because they would assume the territories would not choose to have slavery
Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Rise of the Republican Party Summer of 1854 many meetings held to protest the
Kansas-Nebraska Act In one meeting in Michigan the Republican Party was
launched Republican Party
Slavery was a great moral evil and vowed to fight against it’s expansion into the new territories of the west
Demanded the repeal of the KA-NE Act and the Fugitive Slave Act
Supported by anti-slavery Democrats, Whigs, and Free Soilers in the North
Farmers, professionals, small business owners, and craftworkers
Kansas Vote on slavery
People from MO crossed the border and voted to support slavery
Vote results: slavery in Kansas Free soilers knew vote was incorrect and
formed a 2nd government that did not allow slavery
Violence Erupts Sack of Lawrence: pro-slavery people
looted Lawrence, Kansas a center of free-soiler activity
John Brown led other anti-slavery people to Pottawatomie Creek and attacked pro-slavery settlement there killing 5 men
“Bleeding Kansas” had begun
“Bleeding Kansas” Mini-civil war in Kansas over slavery Attacks and counter-attacks from both
sides occurred Many killed and injured Violence spread to the US capital
Attack on Sumner Charles Sumner gave speech “The Crime
Against Kansas” attacking southerners for forcing slavery on Kansas Included insults to Sen. Andrew Butler of SC
Preston Brooks (member of the House and Butler’s nephew) wanted to uphold his uncle’s honor 2 days after speech, Brooks went to Sumner’s
office and attacked him with his own cane
Results Brooks gave up House seat but was
immediately re-elected Southerners supported his action
Sumner badly injured, never returned to full health Empty seat in Senate served as a reminder of
the hatred brewing between north and south
Election of 1856 Democratic candidate: James Buchanan Republican candidate: John C. Frémont American (Know-Nothings) Party: Millard
Fillmore Results: Buchanan won
Dred Scott Decision Supreme Court handed down decision in
March 1857 in the case Dred Scott v. Sandford Slaves are not citizens and do not have the
right to sue in court Missouri Compromise was overruled and
slavery can exist anywhere in the USA Slave can not win their freedom by living in a
free territory
Lecompton Constitution Fall 1857 a proslavery constitution for Kansas was
written as part of the process for admission to statehood in the Union
Many people refused to vote on the referendum in Kansas Buchanan supported it and upset many northern
Democrats in the US Congress sent the constitution back to Kansas for
another vote People of Kansas voted it down
Kansas allowed slavery under Dred Scott decision but antislavery people there prohibited it
Senator Race in Illinois in 1858 Sen. Stephen Douglas running for re-
election (Democrat) Ran supporting popular sovereignty
Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln to run against him
Lincoln-Douglas Debates happened in 1858 for Senator seat in Illinois Series of 7 debates
Freeport Doctrine Lincoln pushed Douglas into a corner:
How can popular sovereignty work if the Dred Scott decision allows slavery anywhere in the USA?
Douglas’s response: the Freeport Doctrine Slavery can not work without laws governing it Loophole in the Dred Scott decision Douglas lost a TON of support from southern
Democrats
Results of Senator Election in IL Douglas won re-election Lincoln did not go away Neither did the Republican Party or the
issue of slavery and it’s expansion westward
John Brown’s Raid October 16, 1859 Brown led an attack on a federal arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry in VA Wanted to cause a HUGE slave revolt in the South Col. Robert E. Lee was sent in with troops
Half of the men with Brown were killed before the rest surrendered
Brown was hanged for treason Served as a martyr in the north for the cause
Election of 1860 Democratic Party: Split
Northern Democrats: supported popular sovereignty Southern Democrats: supported the expansion of
slavery Republican Party: No expansion of slavery Candidates
Southern Democrat: John C. Breckinridge Northern Democrat: Stephen Douglas (IL) Constitutional Union Party: John Bell (TN) Republican Party: Abraham Lincoln (IL)
The Popular Vote, The Electoral College Results In the South it was between Breckinridge
and Bell – Lincoln wasn’t even on the ballot in many state’s
In the North it was between Douglas and Lincoln
Lincoln got 39% of popular vote Won without a single southern state’s electoral
vote because got 180 Electoral College votes
Southern State’s Reaction Outraged that president could be elected
without their support National government was totally out of their
hands (their view) 6 weeks after the election South Carolina
seceded from the Union (12/20/1860) 6 states followed: TX, FL, LA, AL, GA, MS
(Lower South)
The Confederate States of America February of 1861 the states that seceded
formed the Confederate States of America President chosen was Jefferson Davis Capital for the time was Montgomery, AL Attempts from the north at negotiating a
compromise failed
Fort Sumter In Charleston, SC harbor Under federal control Supply ship forced to turn away in Jan. 1861 Major Robert Anderson requested supplies and
troops from Lincoln Lincoln had to decide what to do because men
there under Major Robert Anderson would run out of supplies
April 6: Lincoln told the government of SC he was only sending supplies (food)
War Starts April 10, President Davis ordered P.G.T.
Beauregard to take the fort (before the supplies got there from the Union)
April 12, 1861: Beauregard ordered Confederate forces to attack the fort BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL WAR Anderson surrendered after 34 hours No deaths 1st battle of the Civil War
Response to Fort Sumter Lincoln called for volunteers to join the
Union army South saw this request as an act of war
against them Upper south seceded: NC, VA, AK, TN
Confederate capital moved to Richmond, VA