the mole: not just a furry little animal€¦ · the mole: by mass calculating molecular weight of...
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S. GreenAu
The mole: not just a furry little animal
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A problem: sprinkles in a flask
There are 3 ways to answer the question,
“How many?” or “How much?”
by count
by mass
by volume
Ex: apples
There are 14 apples (count)
There are 3.5 pounds of apples (mass)
There is a bag of apples (volume)
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The SI unit for amount is the mole
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A mole is like a dozen.
It is a word that stands for a numerical value.
Examples of these types of words/phrases:
•dozen =
•baker’s dozen =
•ream =
•what else?
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Answering “How much” by count
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The mole: by count
The number of items in a mole of items is 6.02x1023
Therefore, a mole of iron atoms is 6.02x1023 iron atoms.
A mole of pencils is 6.02x1023 pencils. (Way too many to sharpen.)
A mole of chemistry students…(Way too much grading.)
A mole of pennies…(Now that’s something I wouldn’t mind!)
How big is a mole?
A mole of marbles…
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Dimensional analysis is back!
Everyone stop groaning, please…
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The mole: by count
Dimensional analysis can be used to convert moles into another
unit, like individual molecules.
The phrase to remember is
“There are 6.02 x 1023 molecules of X in 1 mole of X.”
X is a compound.
A dimensional analysis bracket can now relate moles of a substance
to the number of individual molecules.
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There are…
How many moles of MgCl2 are 3.1 x 1023 molecules?
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There are…
How many molecules of C6H12O6 are 4.00 moles of C6H12O6 ?
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There are…
How many moles of CO2 are
4.00 x 1024 molecules of CO2?
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So far:
moles molecules6.02 x 1023
There are 6.02 x 1023 molecules in 1 mole.
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Molecules are made up of atoms.
We can expand our dimensional analysis to include atoms.
Use another “There are…” statement.
will be different for each compound:
There are 3 atoms in 1 molecule of CO2
There are 24 atoms in 1 molecule of C6H12O6
There are ? atoms in 1 molecule of calcium phosphate?
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relationship between molec and atoms
molecules atoms#
There are # atoms in 1 molecule.
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We can combine all this into one
flowchart…
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All together:
moles molecules6.02 x 1023
atoms#
There are 6.02 x 1023 molecules in 1 mole.
There are # atoms in 1 molecule.
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There are…
How many atoms are in
2.3 moles of CO2?
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There are…
How many moles of CaCO3 can be
made from 6.5 x 1025 atoms?
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All together: The mole (by count)
moles molecules6.02 x 1023
atoms#
There are 6.02 x 1023 molecules in 1 mole.
There are # atoms in 1 molecule.
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Answering “How much” by mass
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The mole: by mass
The number of grams in one mole of a substance is called its
molecular weight
I will always abbreviate “molecular weight” as MW
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The mole: by mass
The phrase to remember is
“There are (MW) grams of X in 1 mole of X.”
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The mole: by mass
Determining molecular weight of an atom is not hard, however, we
must all do it the same way.
Find the atom on the periodic table and round its atomic mass to
one decimal place.
Example: The molecular weight of carbon is 12.0g/mol
note the unit.
note the use of one decimal place.
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The mole: by mass
What is the molecular weight of
mercury?
nitrogen?
calcium?
chlorine?
phosphorus?
silver?
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The mole: by mass
Calculating molecular weight of compounds is not hard, however,
we must all do it the same way.
Multiply each atomic mass by the number of atoms in the substance
and add the values together.
Example: Find the molecular weight of carbon dioxide
Look up the individual masses; round each to one decimal place
If there is more than one atom of an element, multiply its mass by the
number of atoms.
Add the results together.
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The mole: by mass
carbon dioxide: CO2
1 C (12.0g/mol) = 12.0g/mol
2 O (16.0g/mol) = 32.0g/mol
total = 44.0 g/mol = MW of CO2
Find the MW of calcium chloride.
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Calculate the molecular weight of NaCl.
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Calculate the molecular weight of (NH4)2CO3.
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Calculate the molecular weight of Mg(CN)2.
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Calculate the molecular weight of FeCl3.
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relationship between mole and g
mole gramsMW
There are _MW grams in 1 mole.
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There are…
How many grams are in
2.514 moles of CO2?
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There are…
How many moles of Na2SO4 are
125.0 grams of Na2SO4?
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All together, now:
moles molecules6.02 x 1023
atoms#
grams
MW
There are 6.02 x 1023 molecules in 1 mole.
There are # atoms in 1 molecule.
There are _MW grams in 1 mole.
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There are…
How many molecules of Ca(ClO3)2
are 15.0 grams of Ca(ClO3)2?
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There are…
How many grams of (NH4)2CO3 can be
made from 3.21 x 1026 atoms?
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Note: the number of DA brackets will
be equal to the total number of boxes
you are traveling…
moles molecules6.02 x 1023
atoms#
grams
MW
There are 6.02 x 1023 molecules in 1 mole.
There are # atoms in 1 molecule.
There are _MW grams in 1 mole.
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Answering “How much” by volume
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The mole: by volume
One mole of any gas at STP occupies 22.4 L of space.
Only for gases!
What’s STP?
standard temperature and pressure (two things that affects the volume
of a gas!)
standard temperature for a gas: 0oC
standard pressure for a gas: 1 atmosphere (more on this later)
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relationship between moles and L
mole Liters22.4
There are 22.4 L in 1 mole of a gas at STP.
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There are…
How many Liters are
6.2 moles of CO2 at STP?
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There are…
How many moles of SO3 occupy
13.8 L at STP?
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Of course, it can all be used
together…
moles molecules6.02 x 1023
atoms#
grams
MW
There are 6.02 x 1023 molecules in 1 mole.
There are # atoms in 1 molecule.
There are _MW grams in 1 mole.
There are 22.4 L in 1 mole of a gas at STP.
Liters 22.4
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There are…
How many grams of N2O5 occupy
43.1 L at STP?
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There are…
How many Liters of HCN gas can be made
from 4.8 x 1023 atoms at STP?
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Time for practice
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Line up….
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A friendly competition with a chance to win a
fabulous prize.
The Mole Bowl
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The rules 2 people at a time, beginning with those who know “less”
this will slow the competition down, giving everyone a fair chance and a chance to learn
Everyone works problems at their seats. Collected at the end.
Winner remains standing, chooses whether they want the SMARTBoard or the chalkboard.
You may ask to be re-inserted into the game at any time.
Remember, the goal is to become better at this…
No limits except time
Winner of the class plays me. The rest of the class designs the problem.
If you beat me (and it HAS been done before): a great prize