the modern and the postmodern
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The Modern and the Postmodern:
Contrasts
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Modernism/Modernity• Faith in "Grand Theory"
(totalizing explanations in history, science and culture) to represent all knowledge and explain everything.
Postmodern/Postmodernity • Rejection of totalizing
theories; pursuit of localizing and contingent theories.
Grand Narratives?
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Modernism/Modernity• Faith in, and myths of, social
and cultural unity, hierarchies of social-class and ethnic/national values, seemingly clear bases for unity.
Postmodern/Postmodernity
• Social and cultural pluralism, disunity, unclear bases for social/national/ ethnic unity.
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IdentityModernism/Modernity• Sense of unified, centered
self; "individualism," unified identity.
Postmodern/Postmodernity • Sense of fragmentation and
decentered self; multiple, conflicting identities.
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FamilyModernism/Modernity
• Idea of "the family" as central unit of social order: model of the middle-class, nuclear family. Heterosexual norms.
Postmodern/Postmodernity • Alternative family units,
alternatives to middle-class marriage model, multiple identities for couplings and childraising.
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The ImageModernism/Modernity• Crisis in representation
and status of the image after photography and mass media.
Postmodern/Postmodernity • Culture adapting to
simulation and real-time media substituting for the real.
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Faith in the “real”Modernism/Modernity• Faith in the "real" beyond
media, language, symbols, and representations; authenticity of "originals."
Postmodern/Postmodernity • Hyper-reality, image
saturation, simulacra seem more powerful than the "real"; images and texts with no prior "original". "As seen on TV" and "as seen on MTV" are more powerful than unmediated experience.
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High and Low CultureModernism/Modernity
• Dichotomy of high and low culture (official vs. popular culture).Imposed consensus that high or official culture is normative and authoritative, the ground of value and discrimination.
Postmodern/Postmodernity
• Disruption of the dominance of high culture by popular culture.Mixing of popular and high cultures, new valuation of pop culture, hybrid cultural forms cancel "high"/"low" categories.
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Intertextualit
y
Modernism/Modernity
• Art as unique object and
finished work authenticated
by artist and validated by
agreed upon standards.
Postmodern/Postmodernity
• Art as process, performance, production,
intertextuality. Art as recycling of culture
authenticated by audience
and validated in subcultures
sharing identity with the
artist.
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Knowledge
Modernism/Modernity
• Knowledge mastery, attempts to embrace a totality. Quest for interdisciplinary harmony. The encyclopedia
Postmodern/Postmodernity
• Navigation through information overload, information management; fragmented, partial knowledge; just-in-time knowledge. The Web.
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BroadcastingModernism/Modernity• Broadcast media,
centralized one-to-many communications. Paradigms: broadcast networks and TV.
Postmodern/Postmodernity • Digital, interactive, client-
server, distributed, user-motivated, individualized, many-to-many media. Paradigms: Napster and the Web.
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Art
Modernism/Modernity• Sense of clear generic
boundaries and wholeness (art, music, and literature).
Postmodern/Postmodernity • Hybridity, promiscuous
genres, intertextuality, pastiche.
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What are humans?Modernism/Modernity• Clear dichotomy
(difference) between organic and inorganic, human and machine.
Postmodern/Postmodernity • Cyborgian mixing of organic
and inorganic, human and machine and electronic.