The Math of ChemistryThe Math of Chemistry

Matter- Anything that has mass Matter- Anything that has mass and takes up spaceand takes up space

Metric Vs. English UnitsMetric Vs. English Units

English UnitsEnglish Units Based on Divisions of 8 or 12Based on Divisions of 8 or 12 Have multiple units for the Have multiple units for the

same measurementsame measurement LengthLength Weight or massWeight or mass VolumeVolume SpeedSpeed

Metric UnitsMetric Units Based on division of 10Based on division of 10 Have one unit with prefixes Have one unit with prefixes

for the same measurementfor the same measurement LengthLength Weight or massWeight or mass VolumeVolume SpeedSpeed

Mass Vs. WeightMass Vs. Weight

Mass Mass the amount of matter in a substancethe amount of matter in a substance

WeightWeight the measurement of the gravitational pull on the measurement of the gravitational pull on

a substancea substance

Metric Units in ChemistryMetric Units in Chemistry

QuantityQuantity Unit NameUnit Name Unit SymbolUnit Symbol

LengthLength MeterMeter mm

MassMass KilogramKilogram kgkg

TimeTime SecondSecond ss

Electric CurrentElectric Current AmpAmp AA

TemperatureTemperature Kelvin or Kelvin or CelsiusCelsius K or K or °C°C

Amt of substanceAmt of substance MoleMole molmol

Metric Units in ChemistryMetric Units in Chemistry

PrefixPrefix SymbolSymbol MeansMeans NumberNumber FormFormTeraTera TT TrillionTrillion 1,000,000,000,0001,000,000,000,000 10101212

GigaGiga GG BillionBillion 1,000,000,0001,000,000,000 101099

MegaMega MM MillionMillion 1,000,0001,000,000 101066

KiloKilo kk ThousandThousand 1,0001,000 101033

HectoHecto hh HundredHundred 100100 101022

DekaDeka dada TenTen 1010 1010

DeciDeci dd TenthTenth 0.10.1 1010-1-1

CentiCenti cc HundredthHundredth 0.010.01 1010-2-2

MilliMilli mm ThousandthThousandth 0.0010.001 1010-3-3

MicroMicro µµ MillionthMillionth 0.0000010.000001 1010-6-6

NanoNano nn BillionthBillionth 0.0000000010.000000001 1010-9-9

PicoPico PP TrillionthTrillionth 0.0000000000010.000000000001 1010-12-12

Converting Between UnitsConverting Between Units

You need to determine the units converting from You need to determine the units converting from and to and their conversion factorsand to and their conversion factors

Ask yourself “Is the unit I am converting from Ask yourself “Is the unit I am converting from bigger or smaller than the one I am converting to?”bigger or smaller than the one I am converting to?”

If it is bigger, you will need to multiply by If it is bigger, you will need to multiply by conversion factorconversion factor

If it is smaller you will need to divide by conversion If it is smaller you will need to divide by conversion factorfactor

Example 1.1 pg 9Example 1.1 pg 9 On Your Own pg 10On Your Own pg 10

Precision and AccuracyPrecision and Accuracy

PrecisionPrecision agreement between two or agreement between two or

more measurements. more measurements. Can you reproduce your Can you reproduce your

data in such a way that you data in such a way that you come up with the same or come up with the same or very close to the same very close to the same answeranswer

You need to be very careful You need to be very careful when conducting when conducting experiments to be able to experiments to be able to replicate your datareplicate your data

AccuracyAccuracy How close to the correct How close to the correct

answer is your data?answer is your data? Does your data match what Does your data match what

others have determined to be others have determined to be the correct answerthe correct answer

You need to be very careful You need to be very careful when conducting experiments when conducting experiments to be able to come up with the to be able to come up with the same data (or within an same data (or within an acceptable margin of error) as acceptable margin of error) as othersothers

Significant DigitsSignificant Digits

A digit within a number is significant if:A digit within a number is significant if: It is non-ZeroIt is non-Zero If it is a Zero it is between 2 non-zero If it is a Zero it is between 2 non-zero

numbersnumbers If it is a Zero and at the end of a number If it is a Zero and at the end of a number

and a decimal follows itand a decimal follows it If it is a Zero and at the end of a number If it is a Zero and at the end of a number

and to the right of the decimaland to the right of the decimalAll other zeros not mentioned here are All other zeros not mentioned here are

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