matter review concepts. matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
TRANSCRIPT
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MatterREVIEW CONCEPTS
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Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
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Matter is permanent. It cannot be manufactured or destroyed.
Before reaction: 8 Red and 8 White After reaction: 8 Red and 8 White
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Matter can be changed in two ways
1. Physical Change
2. Chemical Change
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Physical VS. Chemical Change
• New chemicals are formed (products)• Not easily reversed
Chemical Changes
• Often changes of state• Change in physical appearance only (i.e. ripping a piece of paper)• Often easily reversed
Physical Changes
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Matter exists in three states.
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SolidsSolids are made of atoms or molecules that are packed tightly together. They have very little movement.
1. Definite shape
2. Definite volume
3. Cannot be compressed
Examples:
•Wood
• Iron rods
•Sheet metal
•Concrete
•Glass
•Plastic
•Drywall
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LiquidsLiquids allow more movement as molecules are further apart.
1. Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container
2. Definite volume
3. Cannot be compressed
Examples:
•Water
•Solvents
•Oil
•Paint
•Acids
•Refrigerant liquids
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GasesGases allow a lot of movement as molecules are very far apart.
1. Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container
2. Indefinite volume – takes the volume of the container
3. Can be compressed
Examples:
•Oxygen
•Steam
•Acetylene
•Air (made of many different types of gases)
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Matter can change states.Due to and increase or decrease in temperature.
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Phase changesSOLID TO LIQUID LIQUID TO SOLID
Melting/Fusion Freezing/Solidification
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Phase changesLIQUID TO GAS GAS TO LIQUID
Vaporization/Evaporation Condensation
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Phase changesSOLID TO GAS GAS TO SOLID
Sublimation Crystallization/Deposition
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Phase Changes Elements change phases based on temperature
Every element has a different temperature where it will change state.
So we know the temperatures for a substance like water? What temperature does it freeze? What temperature does it evaporate?
How is this different for other substances?
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Temperature and Phase Changes
Melting Point – Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Freezing Point – Same as melting point. Referred to this during solidification
Boiling Point – Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas
Substance Melting Point / Freezing Point
Boiling Point
Water 0 ⁰C 100 ⁰C
Copper 1083 ⁰C 2567 ⁰C
Aluminum 660 ⁰C 2767 ⁰C
Polyethylene 105-115 ⁰C N/A - Decomposes
Dry Ice (CO2) -78 ⁰C -57 ⁰C