THE LYRIC AGE

I. MINOAN TRADE

A. INTRODUCTION

1. WHO- SEAFARING PEOPLE AROUND

2. WHAT - DOMINATED TRADE IN THE EASTERN MED. 2000 B.C. (CENTRAL LOCATION)

…INTRO

3. WHERE - ISLAND OF CRETE IN THE SOUTHERN AEGEAN

…INTRO

4. CULTURAL DIFFUSIONa. TRADE ITEMS - POTTERY, SWORDS, FIGURINES, PRECIOUS METALS, WOOD

…INTRO

b. EXPORTED ART AND CULTURE1.) ARCHITECTURE, ART & CULTURE

…INTRO

C. STEPPING STONECENTRAL LOCATION ENCOURAGED CULTURAL DIFFUSION THROUGHOUT THE MED.

CENTRAL LOCATION

B. UNEARTHING A CIVILIZATION

1. KNOSSOSa. MINOAN CAPITOL CITYb. PEACEFUL, UNFORTIFIED CITY

…CIVILIZATION

c. KING MINOS’ LEGEND1.) MINOTAUR - HALF-MAN HALF-BULL MONSTER2.) LABYRINTH - UNDERGROUND MAZE AT KNOSSOS

MINOTAUR GUARDINGTHE LABYRINTH AT THE PALACE OF KNOSSOS

…CIVILIZATION

d.) MINOAN PEOPLE (1.) MURALS - WALL PAINTING(2.) GRACEFUL ATHLETIC PEOPLE

…CIVILIZATION

(3.) SPORTS - BOXING, WRESTLING, BULL LEAPING

(4.) WOMEN(a.) HIGHER RANK THAN OTHER CULTURES

…CIVILIZATION

(b.) HIGHEST GOD - MOTHER EARTH GODDESS

(C.) PRIESTESS IN CHARGE OF SHRINES

…CIVILIZATION

e. MINOAN RELIGION(1.) SACRIFICED BULLS AND OTHER ANIMALS(2.) AT LEAST ONE HUMAN SACRIFICE

C. MINOAN END

1. WHEN - 1200 B.C.2. WHY

a.) EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANIC EXPLOSIONS FROM ISLE OF THERA

…END

b.) CIVILIZATION DID NOT FULLY RECOVER

c.) INVADED FROM MAINLAND GREECE (MYCENAEAN)

…END

d.NORTHERN GREEK PEOPLE OF INDO-EUROPEAN DESCENT WHO CONTROLLED THE BALKAN PENINSULA TILL APPROX. 750 B.C.

II. GREEK GEOGRAPHY

A. INTRODUCTION LANDS OF THE GREEKS

1. BALKAN(GREEK) PENINSULA - MOUNTAINOUS PENINSULA BETWEEN IONIAN & AEGEAN SEAS

…INTRO

2. ISLANDS - 2000 ISLANDS IN IONIAN & AEGEAN SEA

3. ANATOLIA - WESTERN COAST OF ANATOLIA PENINSULA (ASIA MINOR)

DARDENELLES

B. THE SEA

1. SURROUNDING WATERSa.) AEGEAN - EAST b.) IONIAN - WESTc.) BLACK SEA - N.E. OF AEGEAN

…SEA

2. SEA TRADE & TRAVELa.) CONNECTED GREECE WITH OTHER CIVILIZATIONS

…SEA

b.) CAUSES FOR SEA TRADE(1.) LACK OF NATURAL RESOURCES(2.) STEEP ROCKY COASTLINE PROVIDED NATURAL HARBORS

…SEA

(3.)HELLENIC CULTURAL DIFFUSION SPREAD MAINLAND GREEK CULTURE THROUGHOUT THE MED. BECAUSE OF SEA TRADE & COLONIZATION

…SEA

(4.) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE AEGEAN BASIN SHAPED THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, & POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GREEK CIVILIZATION.

C. LAND

1. MOUNTAINOUS EFFECTS ON CULTUREa.) DIVIDED LAND INTO DIFFERENT REGIONSb.) DIFFICULT TO UNITE INTO SINGLE GOVT. (GEOGRAPHIC FORTRESSES)

…LAND

C. CITY STATES - SMALL INDEPENDENT KINGDOMS MADE UP OF VALLEY & SURROUNDING MOUNTAINS

…LAND

d.) STEEP, ROCKY COAST GOOD FOR NATURAL HARBORS

…LAND

2. EFFECT ON LAND TRAVELa.) POOR ROADS/DIRT PATHSb.) DIFFICULT TRAVELc.) LIMITED ABILITY TO TRADE & CONDUCT WARFARE

…LAND

d.) AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES (DIRT & WATER)(1.) ARABLE - ROCKY LAND 20% SUITABLE FOR FARMING(2.) SMALL STREAMS NOT SUITED FOR IRRIGATION

…LAND

(e.) EFFECT OF LIMITED RESOURCES(1.) COULD ONLY SUPPORT SMALL POPULATION

…LAND

(2.) STAPLE CROPS - CROP WHICH IS MAJOR PART OF DIET OR MAIN CROP FOR TRADE (GRAIN (CORN), GRAPES, OLIVES)

(3.) COLONIZATION - THE SETTLING OF FOREIGN LANDS TO PRODUCE MATERIALS FOR THE HOME COUNTRY

…LAND(4.) WHY - NEED FOR

GRASSLANDS & FARMLANDS(5.) EFFECTS OF COLONIES

(a.) INCREASED TRADE(b.) SPREAD HELLENIC CULTURE

(c.) SHIFTED TO MONEY ECONOMY

D. CLIMATE

1. SUMMER - 80’S & DRYWINTER – 48 & COOL

2. EFFECTS a.) LEISURE TIME SPENT OUTDOORS AT PUBLIC EVENTS

…CLIMATE

b.) DISCUSSED PUBLIC EVENTS (GOVERNMENT) OUTSIDE

C.) AGORA - OUTDOOR CENTER OF GOVERNMENT & TRADE IN ANCIENT GREEK CITY STATES

III. MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION

A. INTRODUCTION

1. ANCESTORSa.) INDO EUROPEANb.) SETTLED MAINLAND AROUND 2000 B.C.

…INTRO

2. LEADING CITYa.) MYCENAEb.) BUILT ON STEEP ROCKY HILL RIDGE

…INTRO

c.) SURROUNDED BY WALL 20 FT THICKd. DOMINATED GREECE 1600-100B.C.e.) MOST EARLY KINGDOMS BUILT THIS WAY

B. CULTURE & TRADE

1. ARISTOCRATIC LIFE (NOBLES)a.) ATE WELLb.) BURIED WITH TREASURES

…CULTURE

c.) ECONOMICS(1.) CONTROLLED PRODUCTION AND TRADE(2.) USED ARMIES TO GAIN WEALTH

…CULTURE

d.) COMMON PEOPLE(1.) TOOLS - WOOD & STONE TOOLS

…CULTURE

(2.) OCCUPATIONS(a.) MOST FARMERS(b.) WEAVERS(c.) HERDERS(d.) STONEMASONS

…CULTURE

e.) CONTACT WITH THE MINOANS(1.) CAUSES

(a.) INVASION (b.) TRADE

…CULTURE

(2.) CULTURE ADOPTED(a.) SEA TRADE(b.) ADAPTED MINOAN WRITING TO GREEK LANGUAGE (ALPHABET)

MINOAN LINEAR A

…CULTURE

(c.) MINOAN LEGENDS BECAME CENTER OF GREEK RELIGION, ART, POLITICS, & RELIGION

…CULTURE

(d.) THE EXPANSION OF GREEK CIVILIZATION THROUGH TRADE AND COLONIZATION LED TO THE SPREAD OF HELLENIC CULTURE ACROSS THE MED & BLACK SEA

C. TROJAN WARS

1. WHEN - 1200 B.C.2. WHERE - CITY OF TROY ON

ANATOLIA PENINSULA (NOSE OF THE DOG)

3. WHY - THE KIDNAPPING OF HELEN FROM GREEKS KINGDOM

…WARS

4. HEINRICH SCHLIEMANNa.) FOUND THE REMAINS OF CITY ( MOST LIKELY TROY)b. LEGENDS OF TROJAN WAR BASED ON REAL PEOPLE AND PLACES

…WARS

c.) NEW THEORY - FOUGHT FOR CONTROL OF TRADE ROUTE THROUGH DARDENELLES (STRAITS) TO BLACK SEA COLONIES

DARDANELLES

IV. CULTURE DECLINES

A. INTRODUCTION

1. COLLAPSED AROUND 1200 B.C.

2. CONQUERED BY THE DORIANS

…INTRO

3. EFFECTS OF DARK AGEa.) ECONOMY & TRADE COLLAPSEb.) FORGOT HOW TO WRITE

…INTRO

4. 400 YEARS OF NO WRITTEN RECORD

5. DARK AGE - PERIOD OF TIME WHEN CIVILIZATION EXPERIENCES A REVERSAL OF CULTURE

POETS & HEROES

B. HOMER

1. BLIND POET/STORYTELLER CREATED THE ILIAD & THE ODYSSEY

2. ABOUT THE TROJAN WARS3. ILIAD - DESCRIBES EVENTS OF

10 YEAR TROJAN WAR

…HOMER

4. ODYSSEY - DESCRIBES TEN YEAR JOURNEY HOME OF KING ODYSSEUS

GREEK LOCATIONS1. TROY2. AEGEAN SEA3. BLACK SEA4. DARDENELLES5. BALKAN (GREEK) PENINSULA6. ANATOLIA PENINSULA7. WESTERN EUROPE