the literature of american library history, 1987-1988

The Literature of American Library History, 1987-1988Author(s): Wayne A. WiegandSource: Libraries & Culture, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Fall, 1990), pp. 543-574Published by: University of Texas PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25542291 .

Accessed: 10/06/2014 16:45

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

University of Texas Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Libraries&Culture.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 185.44.78.151 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 16:45:16 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=texas

http://www.jstor.org/stable/25542291?origin=JSTOR-pdf

http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp


THE LITERATURE OF AMERICAN LIBRARY HISTORY, 1987-1988

Wayne A. Wiegand

Although the literature of American library history continues to grow, a review of the material published since the last entry in this series reveals

a disturbing decrease in the number of citations. The previous essay records

216 citations; this essay cites only 171.

As in previous essays, the scope of the review is deliberately broad, en

compassing a literature that occasionally goes beyond articles and books

consciously written as American library history. In each case, however,

the essay addresses evaluative judgments of the literature in terms of its

potential utility for the American library history audience.

Sources and Historiography

Arthur Young has done a masterful job of updating and expanding the

first two editions of Michael Harris's bibliography of dissertations and

master's theses in American library history.1 Its 1,174 entries represent an 80 percent increase over previous editions and include 150 master's

theses completed before 1974 not covered in the first edition. It is divided

into three parts. The first introduces selected bibliographic sources that

will lead interested students to all types of relevant American library history literature. The second contains an annotated bibliography of 964 master's

theses and doctoral dissertations. The third lists citations to 210 unanno tated research papers. An author-subject index completes the work. Young has done impressive spadework here that should help all American library history scholars for some time to come.

Where Young's bibliography will be used heavily by American library historians, Mark Youngblood Herring's bibliography of controversial issues in librarianship will be of limited use.2 In his 2,500 citations he

ignores the controversies in American library history. To cite but one

example, users will find no reference to Michael Harris, one of our craft's

most controversial practitioners. Alan Edward Schorr has done a much

Some citations in this essay were published prior to 1987 and were missed in previous essays.

They are identified in the text by an asterisk immediately following the citation number. This

essay is the twelfth in a series of review essays on American library history literature. The previous essay is "The Literature of American Library History, 1985-1986," L&C 23 (1988): 332-364.

Libraries and Culture, Vol. 25, No. 4, Fall 1990 ?1990 by the University of Texas Press, P.O. Box 7819, Austin, TX 78713



544 L&C/American Library History, 1987-1988

better job with his 2,153-item bibliography of literature on federal docu ments librarianship during the past century.3 Melvin Bowie has compiled a series of photographically reproduced Historic Documents of School Libraries, which will be of limited use.4* Most good research libraries will already have the documents reproduced here. Interested parties will welcome May

nard Brichford and Anne Gilliland's second edition of the Guide to the Ameri

can Library Association Archives, which records an important collection of

primary source materials that has increased by 50 percent since the original edition was published in 1979.5

John Y. Cole has edited a microfiche collection of documents and pub lications on the history of the Library of Congress.6 It is divided into four

main sections: "Resources for the Study of the Library," "Librarians of

Congress and Their Administration," "Major Functions and Services,"

and "Buildings of the Library of Congress." An 88-page "Guide" to the

collection accompanies the collection. Although much of this material (an estimated 73 percent) is already in published form and should be in most

good research libraries, the collection is still worth the price for scholars

who wish to plumb its full potential, especially in view of the library's

forthcoming bicentennial celebration in 2000.

Social Libraries

Haynes McMullen continues his pioneering work on identifying the

number of libraries in existence before 1876.7 Here he concentrates on

libraries in the Northeast and shows their dominance throughout the

period. Library historians will be building on his research for years to

come. Also useful will be a short monograph by Robert Rutland that con

tains an essay on and a bibliography of the titles James Madison recom

mended to his colleagues at the Continental Congress.8 Jack P. Greene's

60-page pamphlet discusses the ideas reflected in the 5,000-volume Library

Company of Philadelphia collection, which contained most of the titles

Madison included in his bibliography, and to which delegates at the 1787

constitutional convention had access as they deliberated on the future of the

new nation.9* Greene organizes his analysis by categorizing the collection

into the literature of political economy and improvement, the literature of

Enlightenment, and traditions in liberalism, jurisprudence, civic humanism, and Scottish moralism.

Robert Gross offers a superbly crafted analysis of the contents of three

libraries that existed in Concord (Massachusetts) during Henry David

Thoreau's lifetime.10 He analyzes their contents in light of prevailing senti

ments and ideologies of the founders, proprietors, and trustees. He finds

that the collections reflect their owners' interests-, politics, and educational

goals and change over time only with the changing interests, politics, and



545

educational goals of those who controlled the collections. A subsequent article reconstructs the catalogs of these libraries.11 Wayne A. Wiegand comes to a similar conclusion in his essay on Northwest Territory social

libraries in the first half of the nineteenth century.12 He concludes that

they represented one of the primary educational institutions for several

strata in Old Northwest pioneer society.

Although Morton S. Ferenc devotes only slight attention in his book on

the Great Plains and Mountain Northwest Protestant clergy between 1865

and 1915 to the libraries that they started, he introduces enough to tantalize

American library history scholars in search of a research topic.13 Richard

Murian provides a very brief article covering Sacramento (California) social libraries known to have existed before 1850.14 His findings are based on research done for an American history master's thesis.

Personal Libraries

Harold Otness provides a nice account of the history of the library as a

separate room in upper- and middle-class American homes over the past

century.15 He bases his work on architectural drawings and pictorial repre

sentations in magazines. His work is informative and useful, but the con

clusions he reaches are not well substantiated. John R. Barden's nicely re

searched piece on Virginian Robert Carter's prerevolutionary private

library is much better.16 The author tries to match the development of

Carter's ideas to the use of his library as he mentions it in correspondence and writings.

The largest portion of a book on Henry James's library consists of an

inventory of titles known to have been in his private collection.17 The in

ventory is sandwiched between essays by Adeline R. Tintner and James scholar Leon Edel. American library history needs more of this type of

work as a foundation for the kinds of scholarship on reading and libraries that can be of most benefit to the library profession. For an American

library historian, Martha Hill's book on New York artist Irene R. Pereira's

library is disappointing.18 It recounts an exhibition of a 65-volume collec

tion, but provides no discussion connecting her art to her reading.

Public Libraries

Nineteenth-century architect H. H. Richardson designed a number of

public libraries (especially in suburban Boston) in the latter years of his life. His influence also extended to other libraries through his students

Charles F. McKim and Stanford White. James F. O'Gorman discusses Richardson's architectural contributions and influence in a

book-length

study and draws upon the public libraries Richardson designed to demon




strate his conclusions.19 Rosamond Tifft's overview of information and

referral service in public libraries is less satisfactory.20 In a cursory analysis she demonstrates how I&R services originated and were defined by social service agencies, and only later adopted by some public libraries in the

1960s. Somewhat more substantial is a pictorial essay on

Virginia's book

reading campaigns in the 1920s and 1930s.21 The essay reproduces several

posters now held by the Virginia State Library and Archives that were

used by libraries at that time to encourage reading.

Howard Dodson provides a brief summary of the history, resources, and

special programs of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture at the New York Public Library.22 It is part of a series on collections of

alternative and left-wing materials being edited by James P. Danky, but is

based mostly on secondary sources. Paul Krause provides a very good piece

on Andrew Carnegie's first public library building donation.23 Krause

concludes that the commitment of 10 percent Carnegie insisted upon from

communities was carefully tied to his goals, not necessarily to the goals of

the community receiving the donation.

Ronald Blazek's work on the origins of the De Funiak Springs (Florida) Public Library won the 1986 Justin Winsor Prize.24 He analyzes a Florida

Panhandle community begun out of railroad interests and tied closely to

the Chautauqua adult self-education movement and finds the reasons for

its creation in the economics of community origins. Once given life, how

ever, the social library's future became tied to the efforts of a group of

community women, and to a few individuals within that group, who had

different reasons for its success.

Katherine Andrews's Short History of the Regional Library Program in Ten nessee

provides a barebones chronology of the history of the origins and

development of the Volunteer State's twelve regional libraries and library

systems.25* All information is derived from published sources, and no

attempt is made to evaluate or interpret this development within a larger

frame of library or local history. A bit more useful are Herbert Goldhor's

statistics on Illinois public libraries since 1969.26 He aggregates data into

twenty-one variables drawn from previous issues of Illinois Libraries. Even

more substantial is Margery Frisbie's book on the Arlington Heights

(Illinois) Public Library.27 Frisbie traces the history of public library service

in this suburban Chicago village from its origins in the local women's club

through several significant expansions in the past two decades. On the way the author breathes life into local history to show how the library was a

source of community pride. The tone is highly celebratory, but the work

lacks documentation and a bibliography.

Joe Natale renders a brief but useful history of the Springfield (Illinois) Lincoln Library building, which was demolished in 1974.28 Carol Emerson

provides a cursory chronicle of the 150-year history of the State Library of



547

Iowa.29 Most of her data are derived from annual reports and the writings of former state librarian Johnson Brigham. Jean Roberts and Mary Mul

roy's brief piece on the sixtieth anniversary of the Carpenter branch of the

St. Louis Public Library is equally lightweight.30 Texas public library history literature continues to grow, but, unfor

tunately, its contributors leave few scholarly trails documenting their find

ings. Louise Bocock takes a brief and undocumented look at the role of the Texas Federation of Women's Clubs in the origins of Texas public li

braries.31* Peggy Aull provides a cursory and undocumented account of

the origins and early experiences of public library service in Borger.32* Although Pamela Palmer does a better job by basing her analysis of the

history of the Nacogdoches Public Library on primary sources, she offers no citations or documentation.33

Academic Libraries

The most significant piece of academic American library history pub lished in the last two years is Roland Person's work on undergraduate libraries in U.S. and Canadian universities since 1949.34 He provides a

useful study that attempts to define undergraduate libraries, then to trace

reasons for failures and successes over the past four decades. His work does

not constitute a substantive piece of historical research because the data

consulted are limited, impressionistic, and highly dependent on recollec tions of librarians with a large degree of self-interest in undergraduate libraries.

J. P. Danton provides a strongly supported argument comparing uni

versity library book budgets in 1860, 1910, and I960.35 He demonstrates that book budgets in Germany and the United States in 1960 were no

greater than in 1860 (the year used to measure Germany) and 1910 (the year used to measure the United States). Danton focuses on ten major

German and thirteen major U.S. universities and measures variables such

as cost of books, number of courses offered, size of faculty and student

body, and volume of annual book and serial production. Richard Werking glances at the published literature on the allocation of academic library budgets since the subject was first discussed at an ALA conference in 1908.36 The author agrees with the wisdom of taking into account literature size and costs, but warns against reliance on claims of formulae based on

scientific variables.

Louis Kaplan bases his analysis of participative management in aca

demic libraries between 1934 and 1970 on observation and a reading of a few significant articles written between those dates.37 He hypothesizes that the evolution of participative management in American academic libraries

can be traced through several germinal articles in library literature and is



548 IJkCIAmerican Library History, 1987-1988

marked by two significant social watersheds: the New Deal of Depression America and the campus disturbances of the 1960s/1970s. Although the author admits the profession still has not reached a consensus definition of

"participative management," he is convinced the term never would have

become common parlance in the university library bureaucratic structure

had the disturbances not occurred.

Boyd Childress analyzes photographs of the academic libraries and

librarians contained in the published histories of twenty colleges and uni

versities.38 David Kaser continues his research on academic library history. In one piece, he offers a cursory glance at what he perceives to be 35-year

cycles in the evolution of academic library buildings in the United States;39 in another he provides a checklist of nineteenth-century buildings con

structed solely for academic library purposes.40 The history of individual academic libraries also merited some attention

during the past two years. Betty Bandel explains how the University of

Vermont was included among thirty-five U.S. institutions to which surplus collections were distributed by the Records Commission of the Committee on Public Records of Great Britain in the nineteenth century.41 Thomas

O'Connor offers a nicely crafted article on collection development at Yale

University Library between 1865 and 1931.42 He pieces together details

of information on collection practices to identify unwritten collection poli cies. He finds that during the tenures of Addison Van Name, John C.

Schwab, and Andrew Keogh, nearly half the acquisitions came by gift, and

the main library developed particular strengths in the social sciences and

humanities. O'Connor surmises that gifts may have controlled the direc

tion of the collections, which might in part have influenced the librarians

who had direct control of purchases.

D. E. Perushek recounts the history of the Gest Chinese Research Li

brary (initially collected by Guion Gest, an engineer who spent much time

in China), which started at McGill in 1926.43 It eventually moved to

Princeton University's Institute for Advanced Study in 1934. The univer

sity library assumed responsibility for it in the mid-1940s. Thomas Battle

provides a brief history of the collections of the Moorland-Spingarn Re

search Center at Howard University;44 Ann Schockley discusses the Spe cial Collections Department at Fisk University;45 and Samuel Wilson traces

the history of the Howard Memorial Library and Memorial Hall, now

located on the Tulane University campus.46

Three Texas academic libraries received some historical attention be

tween 1987 and 1988. The best work is by William Olbrich, Jr., who looks

at the librarians and library development of nine traditionally black Texas

institutions of higher education.47* He concludes that because of benign

neglect the academic libraries at these institutions never became the heart

of the university, despite the heroic efforts of several Texas black academic



549

librarians. Other articles on Texas academic library history are by Charles

Schultz, who provides a cursory glance at the Texas A & M University

Library since 1876,48 and Herman Totten, who renders a positive but

limited chronology of the Wiley College Library in Marshall, Texas.49

Philip Brown provides an undocumented chronology of South Dakota

State University's library based on the annual and biennial reports of the

library and on a reading of a series of papers written on the occasion of the

university's centennial.50 Brown looks at collection growth, budgets, li

brary directors, and the physical plant; unfortunately, he makes no attempt to integrate his findings into larger contexts of university history, higher education history, or academic library history. Donna Hanson and Eliza

beth Steinhagen take a brief look at the forty-year history of cooperation between Washington State University and the University of Idaho, which

initially grew from a union list of serials to a more recent agreement on

selection of science periodicals.51 Ann Okerson analyzes journal subscrip

tion prices (mostly since 1970) and their influence on academic librarian

ship.52* She concludes that prices have risen by 550 percent in the past fifteen years, but that librarians have learned to adapt to the need to cancel

subscriptions.

Special Libraries

While much of Fritz Veit's book on presidential libraries and their col lections deals with contemporary questions, one

chapter provides a his

torical overview of their creation and evolution through the Presidential Libraries Act of 1955, the Presidential Records Act of 1978, and the Presi dential Libraries Act of 1986.53 Ellis Mount has edited a series of essays

covering 100 years of science and technology libraries that originally ap peared as the fall 1987 issue of Science and Technology Libraries.54 The essays are generally lightweight and oriented toward the present. All rely on pub lished primary and secondary sources, and thus add little to what we al

ready know.

Elliot Siegel provides a quick but useful glance at the research and de

velopment activities in biomedical communications and information

science conducted at the National Library of Medicine (and its prede cessors) since 1836.55 Elin Christianson and Anne Waldron focus on thirty years of change in advertising agency libraries.56 They document little

change in purpose, organizational location, and reporting relationships, but considerable change in physical location, services, and the role of

technology.

Several authors cover separate special libraries. Carol Bleier offers a brief glance at the origins and development of New York's Pierpont

Morgan Library and the librarians who managed it.57 Susan Canby




provides a cursory glance at the history and growth of the library that serves

the National Geographic Society.58 The latter celebrated its centennial in

1988; the former has roots dating back to 1894. Herman Dicker's centen

nial history of the Jewish Theological Seminary Library records the major

players in the library's origins and early growth.59 Dicker concentrates

mostly on the acquisition of collections, not much on

library organization. The chapter on the disastrous fire of 1966 by Barry D. Cry ton is especially

good.

Win-Shin Chiang provides an undocumented brief account of the history of the Loyola (Louisiana) University Law Library.60 Alma Dawson does the same for the LSU Library and Information Science Library.61 Jean

Carefoot's coverage of Texas State Library history through the first decade

of this century (when the Texas State Library Commission was established) is a nicely crafted historical piece that documents the state's neglect and

general ignorance of libraries and their potential.62 Georganne Faulkner

gives a cursory, celebratory glance at the history and collections of the

Rayburn Library in Bonham, Texas.63 The author hardly seems to notice

that Rayburn had the library built as a monument to himself. Jacqueline

Wright's coverage of the history of the Arkansas Supreme Court Library is more balanced and nicely documented.64 The library's origins trace back

to 1851, making it the oldest in the state still in operation.

Research Libraries

Edward B. Holley offers a quick look at the subject of research libraries'

worldwide acquisitions programs since 1945.65 His observations are based

on published secondary and primary sources, but are also laced with per

sonal observations and anecdotes. In an address originally delivered to a

convocation marking the 175th anniversary of the American Antiquarian

Society, Stanley Katz celebrates and recounts connections among inde

pendent research libraries, learned societies, and the humanities in the

United States.66 He provides a solid analysis that traces the latter's lack of

"affirmative definitional content" to the 1932 split between the Social

Science Research Council and the American Council on Learned Societies.

Thereafter, Katz argues, humanities defined itself by using the SSRC to

show what it was not.

Research Library Trends, 1951-1980 and Beyond is an extension and update of the previously published Purdue studies on research library growth that

measured 58 ARL institutions in such areas as volumes added, staff size

and salaries, materials and binding expenditures, and campus enroll

ments.67 Timothy Kearley offers brief but useful background information

on the document delivery system that the European Community (now

totaling twelve countries) has been distributing to North American libraries



551

since 1952.68 Robert Sullivan provides a cursory glance at the origins and

history of the LC microforms collections, which began in 1939 when LC

started microfilming newspapers.69 The author also focuses some attention

on the history of a microform exchange agreement with Brazil. While

most of Jack Wells's article on the overseas publications of the Library of

Congress focuses on the present, the author does provide a brief look at the

history of accessions practices from Library of Congress offices in New

Delhi (for South Asia), Jakarta (for Southeast Asia), Nairobi (for Eastern

Africa), and Rio de Janeiro (for Brazil).70 The offices located in each of these cities were funded out of the PL-480 program, which allowed LC to obtain annual appropriations from surplus currency accounts.

Martha Bailey provides a brief review of a program begun by the National

Agriculture Library in 1974 to microfilm publications of state agricultural experiment stations.71 The program has been run with the cooperation of

libraries at land grant colleges and universities. Martin Sable gives an

effusive, rosy summary of the Library Company of Philadelphia's history based for the most part on the published writings of two of its directors, Austin Grey and Edwin T. Wolf II.72 Unfortunately, he adds nothing to

what we already know of its history. In 1987 the Newberry Library celebrated its centennial. Humanities

Mirror: Reading at the Newberry, 1887-1987 consists of a series of essays com

memorating that occasion.73 Two essays in particular merit the attention

of American library historians, Lawrence Towner's "A History of the

Newberry Library" (pp. 17-26) and James Wells's "Building the Collec tion" (pp. 27-35). A forty-page chronology (pp. 65-104) is also useful. In a separately published article, Joel Samuels explores the history of the

John M. Wing Foundation on the History of Printing at the Newberry.74 He argues that three custodians were crucial to its development?Pierce

Buder, Ernst Detterer, and James Wells.

Library Associations

The history of the American Library Association continued to draw

library historians' attention. The most significant work looks at the ALA's 1927 "Proposed Classification and Compensation Plan for Library Posi tions."75 Author Richard Rubin argues that the ALA sought outside help in identifying job classifications for three reasons: contemporary confidence in scientific management's ability to solve management problems; the

desire to make library service and education more standardized; and the

rise of job classification systems for public and federal library employees. Rubin believes the plan was a success because it added another tool to

library management's bag, a tool that was initially little exercised because the Depression eliminated its immediate impact.



552 UkCIAmerican Library History, 1987-1988

Wayne A. Wiegand and Dorothy Steffens analyze the socioeconomic and

professional characteristics of the first 100 ALA presidents.76 They isolate

those characteristics whose frequency distribution remained constant for

all past presidents, and those that changed over the 110-year period. The

study reveals striking changes in the ALA leadership since the mid-1960s.

Mark Gretchen takes a close look at the World War I Texas training camp facilities run by the American Library Association.77 He builds upon the

model provided by Art Young's Books for Sammies (1981) and, by mining the Texas War Records Collection to detail library services in Texas Train

ing camps, he constructs a very sound research piece that manifests only

one serious omission?lack of attention to the censorship practices in all

training camp libraries.

Peggy Sullivan provides a brief sketch of events and personalities in

librarianship in 1907 by concentrating mostly on ALA.78 David Kaser

renders the brief but cute story of the ALA, a merchant vessel named after

World War I to honor the ALA's services to American military personnel.79

Marilyn Karrenbrock analyzes the 43 volumes of Top of the News, a periodical

published by the ALA's Young Adult Services Division, which in 1987

became the Journal of Youth Services in Libraries.80 The author finds that many more women than men wrote in its pages and two-thirds of the articles

focused on children, only one-third on young adults. Most articles did not

focus on a type of library, but, of those that did, twice as many looked at

public as at school libraries. On the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary, the

American Society for Information Science harnessed the June/July issue

of its Bulletin to recount some of its history.81 The history of two state library associations also merited some attention

during the past two years. Harold Hacker recalls the first twenty years of

the New York State Trustees' Association, of which he was a charter mem

ber.82 Allan Boudreau does the same thing for the twenty-year history of

the New York State Association of Library Boards.83 Boudreau was secre

tary for most of that time. Stewart Dyess interviewed Ray C. Janeway, three-time Texas Library Association president, about his participation in

the development of the TLA since 1950.84* Walter Pierce provides a nicely documented article that seeks to detail the resistance of the Texas Library As

sociation Committee on Intellectual Freedom to Red Scare censorship efforts

in Texas between 1950 and 1954.85* The author notes that, although the

TLA line was consistent, the CIF was generally ineffective because of mixed

leadership. Katherine Pettit provides a positive but cursory look at the fifty

year history of the Bexar Library Association of Bexar County, Texas.86*

Library Education

It is disturbing to note how little historical attention was drawn to formal



553

library education as it celebrated its centennial in 1987. After Library Trends

and the Journal of Education for Library and Information Science published issues

in 1986 in anticipation of the event, interest in the subject area dropped off significantly. Lois Bewley comments on the centennial in an editorial

for the Canadian Library Journal, but her observations are largely based on

an article Francis Miksa did for the Trends issue.87

Miksa himself provides a superbly researched article that successfully

challenges the long-held belief that Dewey's first library school curriculum was mechanistic and pedestrian.88 Miksa bases his case on his own tran

scriptions of shorthand class notes of George Watson Cole, a student in

Dewey's first two classes, and on Dewey's own shorthand notes of lectures

he gave and attended. Miksa also proves that, contrary to conventional

thinking, the teaching faculty called upon to deliver a sizable proportion of

the curriculum addressed as much intellectual as technical substance.

James Carmichael gives a balanced, yet reverential account of the history of the Atlanta University Library School from 1905 to its demise in 1988.89

Very well documented, and drawn largely from his own dissertation re

search, much of this article focuses on Tommie Dora Barker. Carmichael's

work has been supplemented nicely with a separately published record of

the 83-year history of the library school, which lists faculty, Levalene Jack son Lecturers, holders of scholarships, and an alphabetical listing of living alumni with addresses and positions.90

Joanne Passet has done a sound demographic study of early-twentieth

century graduates of the Indiana Library School, which was directed by Merica Hoagland. Passet then compares these demographics with similar

information obtained from records of the University of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Atlanta Carnegie library schools.91 She finds several constants: most

were single, female, 21-30-year-old natives of the state who became public librarians after graduation. She also found that one-third came from blue

collar families, and slightly more than one-third were still working in a

library twenty years after graduation.

Katherine Adams looks at the sparse beginnings of library education at the University of Texas during the first decade of the twentieth century.92*

About half of Roxanne Sellberg' s article on the teaching of cataloging in U.S. library schools focuses on its history since 1887.93 The author notes that emphasis on cataloging has been steadily declining, while the challenges have increased. Donald G. Davis, Jr. provides a solid piece of work on the

history of library school internationalization based on published primary and secondary sources.94 Josefa Abrera provides a synthesis of the published literature on U.S. doctoral programs, dissertations, and graduates between

1960 and 1980.95 The paper is useful, but does not challenge conventional

thinking on the subject.



554 h&C/American Library History, 1987-1988

Acquisition and Organization

John Boll demonstrates the difference between Dewey's original classi

fication rules (which found their way into many cataloging textbooks) and

the classification rules evolving from more recent editions of the DDC.96

He hypothesizes that the two sets are theoretically similar, but dissimilar

in application. Mary Ellen Soper analyzes responses to a questionnaire

sent to 1,600 librarians in 1938 by the ALA Catalog Section.97

Martha Yee studies the cataloging practices at the Library of Congress in the 1940s that preceded the changes in theory and rules implemented in the 1950s and 1960s.98 She bases her findings largely on an unpublished report of a Librarian's Committee, which recommended reorganization,

the simplification of cataloging rules, cooperative cataloging, personnel

policy changes, and improvements in the methods of cost analysis. Mo

hindar Satija looks briefly at the history of book numbers in librarianship, which, like many other things, began with Melvil Dewey.99 The author

traces the development of book numbers through Dewey, Schwarz, Cutter,

Sanborn, J. D. Brown, A. F. Rider, and finally to Ranganathan. Most

of his conclusions are based on published sources, and he adds nothing not

already in the literature.

James Rush analyzes the library automation vendor market and in the

process offers a brief recollection of its early years. 10?

James Segesta and

Rodney Hersberger analyze the accuracy of Advanced Data Processing in the

University Library, a. book written by Louis Schulteiss, Don Culbertson,

and Edward Heiliger, which was originally published in 1962 by Scare

crow.101 They conclude that the book guessed right in many areas, but

wrong in others where it could not have anticipated changing technologies.

Jean Cook traces the locus of responsibility for serials management in

libraries for most of this century.102 She bases her analysis on secondary

sources and demonstrates that serials management has been sufficiently

different to justify separating it from other library processes.

Biography

Robert Blackburn looks at Dewey and Cutter as building consultants.103

He focuses mostly on the advice they gave in January 1891, concerning

preliminary plans for a separate library building at the University of

Toronto. Martin Jamison analyzes the role played by Fremont Rider,

director of the Olin Library at Wesleyan University in the 1940s, in the

invention of the opaque microcard.104 Rider intended that the microcard

serve both as a catalog card (front) and a storage medium (back), and he

touted his invention as a means to counter the growing size of academic



555

library collections. Jameson discusses the microcard's brief history and

shows how it took a different turn than that envisioned by its inventor.

Mary Kupec Cay ton looks at the way Ralph Waldo Emerson was inter

preted by audiences who attended lectures he delivered in the mid-nine

teenth century throughout the Midwest.105 Many of those lectures were

delivered in the libraries of reading clubs and mechanics' institutes. Chris

tina Bell and John Richardson do a very nice job on John G. Ames, public

printer from 1874 to 1895.106 In tracing the origins of efforts to pass the

Printing Act of 1895, the authors conclude that Ames was the motivating force who had pressed Congress for decades to improve its documents

distribution system. In his efforts he enlisted the support of the ALA and

members of the American library community (including R. R. Bowker, S. S. Green, and A. R. Spofford); together they overcame and waited out

partisan politics in order to get the bills passed. Ironically, Ames was then

passed over as superintendent of documents for Francis A. Crandall, a

' * political'' appointee.

H. Curtis Wright is working on an intellectual biography of Jesse Shera

and in an occasional paper gives a precursor to that effort.107 He addresses

the intellectual more than the biographical by dealing with Shera's philo sophical and theoretical side. Wright is definitely a disciple of Shera, shar

ing the latter's likes and dislikes about the relationship of librarianship to

information science as he defines the latter. He attaches a fifty-page bib

liography of Shera's writings.

John Cole offers a brief review of the appointments of Librarians of

Congress through Daniel Boorstin and adds a brief biographical sketch of

each.108 He performs a similar task in a later publication that also includes the latest Librarian, James H. Billington.109 In a 1987 issue, the Library of

Congress Information Bulletin remembered the Boorstin years in a useful

pictorial tribute that highlighted his tenure.110

John Broderick uses recently discovered scrapbooks kept by Frederick W. Ashley, LC's superintendent of the Reading Room (1915-1927) and

assistant librarian (1927-1936), to reconstruct biographical details about this little-known early-twentieth-century LC employee.111 Another major

figure attached to Library of Congress history, Thomas Jefferson, merits

very abbreviated attention in another article by Thomas Jewett.112 Mostly, however, Jewett recycles information readily available elsewhere.

Peter Conmy continues to write biographical sketches in his "Catholic Librarians Series'' for Catholic Library World. In one he covers Chattanooga (Tennessee) Public Library director Nora Crimmins (1923-1936);113 in another he looks at Atlanta Public Library director Katherine Hinton

Wooten.114 In neither, however, does he adequately address the racial

discrimination practiced by both institutions while Crimmins and Wooten



556 l&CIAmerican Library History, 1987-1988

directed them. James Sweeney adds another very favorable sketch to the

series by covering Lucy L. Murphy, a revered Buffalo and Erie County Public Library worker who also volunteered much time to the Western

New York Chapter of the Catholic Library Association, to the Canisius

College Library, and to the school library at Buffalo's St. Ambrose School.115

Ralph Wagner provides a fascinating study of Walter Lichtenstein's

book-buying trip to South America from 1913 to 1915. Lichtenstein acted

on behalf of his employer (Northwestern University) and as a buying agent for the Harvard University Library, the John Carter Brown Library, the

John Crerar Library, and the American Antiquarian Society.116 He bought many books for the libraries he represented, but in late 1914 and 1915 he

began to show partisan feelings for Germany both publicly and privately as he traveled through South America. When he started passing informa

tion to German officials, however, his agents and employers withdrew

their support. Northwestern even eventually fired him. Wagner's article

is carefully researched and based on an extensive analysis of primary source

documents held at the National Archives and at Harvard University. Charles Patterson's favorable review of the life of Carolyn F. Ulrich,

whose name graces one of librarianship's staple reference tools, is less

substantial.117 It does, however, fill a significant gap. James Cheng per forms a similar task in recounting the life of Tsuen-hsuin Tsien, who built

the Far Eastern collection at the University of Chicago, taught graduate courses in Chinese bibliography and historiography, helped organize the

Committee on East Asian Libraries, and was an accomplished scholar on

the history of Chinese books and paper.118

Although Edith Fisher provides a cursory glance at a rural branch library in Tulane County, California, set up and run by Afro-Americans, most

of her attention is devoted to Ethel Hall Norton, its first library director.119

Yet Fisher makes no serious attempt to explore the history of this institu

tion and its leader. Dorothy Anderson provides a very favorable biographi cal sketch of Robert M. Hayes in a Festschrift in his honor.120 Shirley

Stephenson has provided a favorable sketch of Dorothea Wilson Sheely, who served for thirty years as city librarian of Newport Beach, California.121

Information offered here is taken from transcriptions of oral interviews

with Sheely. The book lacks analytical perspective. George and Mildred

Fersh's biography of Bessie Moore constitutes little more than hagiog

raphy.122* Moore has been a significant force in American librarianship for more than half a century, but that activity is presented here in such a

poor manner that it will not provide much help to the serious student.

Although biography has enjoyed generous attention over the past two

years, Mark Tucker sees unfair areas of emphasis. He correctly argues

that biography in American academic library history is woefully under



557

represented in the literature, especially when compared to other areas like

public library history.123 American library history also benefitted from the publication of a number

of autobiographies during the past two years. Keyes Metcalf shows the same stiff writing style that, when combined with his self-effacing dry wit,

makes the second volume of his memoirs a fun read.124 He is still too much

the diplomat to get specific and detailed about some of the battles he fought; even though somewhat given to wandering from point to point, his recol

lections offer a good representation of the man who wrote them. One is

even inclined to chuckle at Metcalf s inability to see his own male chau

vinism. In a separate article Metcalf also merited the attention of Dennis

Carrigan, who argues that Metcalf clearly outlined his management agenda in the pages of the Harvard Library Bulletin, which he founded.125

Martha Boaz is a bit sharper than Metcalf in her autobiography, but still

too gracious.126 Like Metcalf, she does not mention too many names or

get into too many specifics about the controversial events in which she was

a major player. One wishes library leaders were more inclined to reflect on the bad as well as the good. The profession could benefit from a closer

critical reading of its past by its major players. Metcalf and Boaz certainly were major players; but, in my opinion, their autobiographical observa

tions are too tempered, too obtuse. Boaz also had a Festschrift done in her

honor; in one of the essays Peggy Sullivan provides a balanced but favor

able review of Boaz's life, accurately depicting her as an active idea person,

dedicated and driven, and extremely hardworking.127 For thirty-three years Donald Gallup served as Yale Library's curator

of the Collection of American Literature and editor of the Yak University Library Gazette. In his autobiography he spends most time on his contact

with such literary and artistic luminaries as Gertrude Stein, Carl Van

Vechten, Georgia O'Keeffe, T. S. Eliot, Thorton Wilder, and Ezra Pound.128 While he happily records successes in acquiring large primary and secondary source collections for each, he does not offer much informa

tion on his daily administrative practices. Annie McPheeters's autobiog

raphy records the life of a courageous woman who served as the first Afro

American faculty member at Georgia State University, an Atlanta Public

Library employee who witnessed and participated in the desegregation of that institution, and also the public librarian at Greenville, South Caro lina.129 Although the work is a valuable document and contribution to a

currently poorly documented and woefully underworked area of American

library history, it is uneven and poorly organized. Most curious, however, is how much she discusses the racism she experienced, but not the sexism.

Mary Virgina Gaver's autobiography is more substantial.130 As one of

the school library pioneers "present at creation," she was well placed,




seasoned, and influential when legislation of the 1960s authorized signifi cant increases for the establishment and improvement of thousands of school libraries. Gaver had a very productive career as school librarian,

director of the library at Trenton State Teachers College, faculty member at Rutgers, and the consultant and general editor for Brodart's The Elemen

tary School Library Collection. She also served as president of the New Jersey

Library Asociation, the Library Education Division of the American

Library Association, the Association of School Librarians, and the Ameri can Library Association, chaired the Knapp School Libraries Project,

taught in several foreign countries, and was the author of several important

texts in school librarianship. Her best chapter, however, is "Education of a Southern

* Liberal,'

" in which she reveals how she peeled back the layers

of her cultural conditioning concerning Afro-Americans. An equally useful

exercise would have been to add another chapter in which she discusses the

obstacles confronting a woman working in an educational world largely

controlled by men.

The Journal of the American Society of Information Science inaugurated a series

of personal reminiscences on the development of information science

written by prominent members of the profession.131 Most were present at

the creation of post-World War I information science and information

retrieval, at ASIS and J ASIS and its predecessors. Wallace Hall reflects on

his involvement and recollections of the passage of the California Library Service Act of 1977 and the early years of the California Library Services

Board (which was charged to monitor the provisions of the act).132 Hall

showers praise where it is deserved and is balanced in his criticism.

Lawrence Clark Powell continues to entertain his audiences with recol

lections of his youth. Two speeches given during the past two years have been

printed for distribution.133* Ward Ritchie, one of Powell's close friends,

supplements the growing body of literature on Powell's life,134 and in another

publication reflects on noted Los Angeles bookseller Jake Zeitlin, who dealt

with West Coast librarians for more than half a century.135 Jacob Chernovsky offers a similar reflection.136 Herman Liebaers recounts his Fulbright

ex

perience in the United States in 1950, when he came to study library plan

ning and buildings.137 What Liebaers observed during that year profoundly influenced him as director of the Royal Library in Brussels. Mildred Batchel

der provides a

wandering essay covering her recollections of numerous

children's and school librarians.138 Generally she gives brief biographical data

based on easily available secondary sources and supplemented with a per

sonal reminiscence. She offers little information on the problems encountered

by these librarians or on the gender discrimination they experienced.

Several book collectors whose collections led to valuable libraries have

merited historical attention over the past two years. Carol McKinley re

lates the substance of remarks made by James D. Hart, director of the



559

H. H. Bancroft Library, before the eighty-third annual meeting of the

Bibliographical Society of America, in which Hart describes Bancroft's col

lecting practices and the origins of his library.139 Max Marmor's attempts to develop a preliminary typology of the collecting habits of a bibliophile

by concentrating on Elmer Belt, whose collection of materials on Leonardo

da Vinci was donated to UCLA in 1961. His effort is contrived and silly, however.140 The author bases his conclusions on some remote details

gleaned (and noticed) because he already had some models into which he

wanted to hammer his evidence. Psychohistory has to do much better than

this if it is going to have a significant impact on American library history.

Marilyn Hessler's coverage of Marcus Christian's collection is more sub

stantial.141 Christian lived in New Orleans from 1900 to his death in 1970

and during that time amassed a collection of about 250 linear feet of ma

terials in order to write a definitive "Black History." His collection is now

located in the Archives and Manuscript Department of the University of

New Orleans.

General Studies

Library literature has benefited from the publication of three books

addressing the issue of professionalization. The best of the lot is Andrew Abbott's The System of Professions.142 Professions do not exist in a vacuum,

he argues, but within interdependent systems in which each has jurisdic tional boundaries that evolved over time. Abbott devotes a considerable

amount of attention to American librarianship and its history. He believes

Dewey's dynamic leadership led to a group cohesion that seized a profes sional jurisdiction centering

on the library institution, whose numbers

were rapidly increasing in the late nineteenth century. He also concludes

that after World War II librarianship was abandoned by growing numbers of information scientists who sought to address needs for qualitative and

quantitative information that were accelerated by the war.

Michael Winter has also written an excellent analysis of professionalism.143 His approach is more sociological and less historical than Abbott's, but

entirely focused on librarianship. American library historians will find Winter's conceptual frame valuable for the perspective it can provide on

analysis of the past. Finally, George Bennett takes a fresh look at the library profession through the eyes of hermeneutics scholarship.144 For students

of American library history, his effort is the least satisfactory of these three books because it lacks an adequate historical base. He relies too much on too little to make his broad claims for defining the profession's foundations.

R. Kathleen Molz points to a difference between information and knowl

edge and, by concentrating on the latter, very quickly traces the contribu

tions she perceives the public library has made as an institution in the past



560 L&CI American Library History, 1987-1988

century.145 Her conclusions are solid, but, because her definition of knowl

edge is narrow, they tend to underestimate the contributions. Her effort

was originally delivered as an Engelhard Lecture on the Book at the

Library of Congress on 7 April 1987.

Lee Burress reports on a questionnaire sponsored by the Wisconsin

Council of Teachers of English, which was sent to its members to determine the number and types of censorship attempts in Wisconsin since 1980.146

His findings make for interesting reading. By analyzing 2,705 library and information science research articles published in library periodicals

between 1975 and 1984, Stephen Atkins finds that library management drew most research attention when compared with other areas of profes sional endeavor.147

Mary Lee Bundy and Frederick J. Stielow have edited a fine series of es

says covering activism in American librarianship during the 1960s.148 Acti

vists in American librarianship like E. J. Josey, Mary Lee Bundy, Kay Ann

Cassell, Fay Blake, and Eric Moon here recall their efforts, successes, and

failures in a variety of issues, including civil and women's rights and in

tellectual freedom. The book is divided into four sections: "Movements," "Institutions," "Groups and Programs," and finally an

"Epilogue." The pattern for each article is consistent. Participants/authors describe events from personal memory (bolstered by some evidence drawn from the

library press) and then come to a conclusion on lasting impact. Hopefully, these essays will spark serious and substantive research on this crucial

decade in American library history. Francis Miksa offers a solid historical perspective on information access

requirements.149 His deep knowledge of American library history is evident in his discussion. He defines late-nineteenth-century American informa

tion access issues for librarians as aimed at "reading" good books and

demonstrates how professional practice and training focused on that goal.

He then uses this as a foundation for discussing the present and predicting

the future.

While most of Daniel Ring's article on the British library profession

during World War I naturally concentrates on the British, he does devote

some attention to the United States as a basis of comparison.150 He argues

that American librarians outdid the British because they had a greater desire for professional status, a stronger sense of heritage evolving out of

the Progressive movement, a federalist system, and a unique national cul

ture. The latter's unitary system of government worked against volunteer

ism and local action, Ring says, and its class structure and lack of a service

tradition also contributed. In response, Paul Sturges seeks to refute Ring's

speculations.15i He argues that a much larger percentage of British librarians

were in the war for the duration and that, by 1917, when the United States

entered fresh and with abundant resources, Britain was already exhausted.



561

In a superbly researched article, Pamela Spence Richards analyzes the

documentation activities in the United States during World War II that

laid the foundation for the postwar scientific information infrastructure.

She notes that most of this activity occurred in the area of microfilm, but

she tracks the role that men and women in the American Documentation

Institute and other information organizations played in the acquisition and

dissemination of strategic scientific and technological information.152

Robin Winks provides an excellent piece of historical detective work

that seeks to explore the origins of an American intelligence establishment

with coincidental links to the American library community.153 Winks

begins with the role Yale men played in the Office of Strategic Services and

its successor, the Central Intelligence Agency. He includes a detailed account of Frederick Kilgour's Interdepartmental Committee for the

Acquisition of Foreign Publications and the role that the Yale University

Library and some of its staff members played (often unknowingly) in the

whole project. Winks's book represents an exceptional account of how

libraries and librarians can get caught up in and be manipulated by a larger game of politics.

Terry Belanger purports to cover institutional book collecting in the Old

Northwest during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, but his essay

promises more than it delivers.154 He focuses mostly on large municipal

libraries, university libraries, and privately endowed research libraries,

but neglects the hundreds of social libraries in the Old Northwest, many of which bequeathed collections to the scores of new public libraries spring ing up during the period he covers. Their book collecting practices also

merit attention.

Kayla Landesman offers a solid article on the development of the Readex

Microprint Corporation, which was founded in 1939 by Albert Boni.155 Boni worked on microforming government information for depository items and looked to do the same for nondepository items. He hoped to

merge high quality and compact storage at less cost. Alison Bunting's brief account of the regional medical library program is largely descriptive his

tory with little attempt to analyze.156 Donna Senzig and Franklyn

Bright mostly focus on the present status of the Network Library System at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, but they still devote three pages to its historical development at the University of Chicago.157

While the bulk of John Richardson's Government Information is an annotated

bibliography of doctoral dissertations and master's theses on the subject, the first section provides interesting data on the sociology of research in govern

ment information.158 Because government information handling and dis

semination constitute such a large fraction of American library history, this

bibliography will serve as a useful finding aid for work on the subject. Less useful is Sheila Nollen's brief analysis of the Illinois documents depository




system since its creation in 1967.159 She bases her conclusions largely on

interviews with Mary June MacDonald and Terry Weech, two of its archi tects and advocates.

John Gribben's topical history of SOLINET is more useful, primarily because of his willingness to be self-critical in a personal and organizational sense.160 Gribben was a pioneer in SOLINET's organization and early

years. He concludes that (1) SOLINET's failure to develop an independent

regional network can be traced to OCLC's 1974 decision to become a

national bibliographical utility and its willingness to accept dependent status under such an arrangement; (2) SOLINET decisions and actions

between 1979 and 1982 were not in tune with member needs; and (3) with out SOLINET, OCLC's computer-based bibliographic services could not

have been as effective or prompt in the Southeast. While one cannot call

this sound historical research based on a scholarly analysis of the historical

record, Gribben's personal involvement with SOLINET makes this a

worthwhile starting point. Sarah Miller provides an account of a 1785 resolution by the Continental

Congress authorizing the distribution of a copy of the work of Thomas Wilson (an Anglican bishop who befriended the poor) to the academic

institutions of each state.161 Wilson's works had been donated to the New

World government by his son, but the Continental Congress was slow to

act on the donation because of the book's religious content and the fact

that its author was identified with a specific denomination. Linda Lawson and Richard Kielbowicz analyze shifting U.S. Postal Service policy toward

special rates for library materials.162 They note that a major concession

was made in 1928 primarily to make these materials accessible to rural

areas. Over time, however, other groups took advantage of the rule to get

special rates, including scholars (who used it to borrow unique items from

distant libraries) and some publishers (who used it to get their wares to

some libraries).

Gerald Greenberg takes a cursory look at the turn-of-the-century public

library's reaction to the possibility that books carried diseases.163 Kathleen

Craver's analysis of trends in young adult library services between 1960

and 1969 seeks to build upon the model developed in Miriam Braverman's

Youth, Society and the Public Library (1979).164 By analyzing the young adult

library programming and the alternative programming and services de

veloped by young adult librarians reported in the published literature, the

author concludes that they reflect a greater degree of humanism than their

predecessors.

Norman Stevens has edited a book of writings by Sam Walter Foss, which mostly appeared in Foss's Christian Science Monitor column "The

Library Alcove" between 1909 and 19ll.165 Foss was librarian at the

Somerville (Massachusetts) Public Library, and a well-known poet at the



563

time of his appointment. His "Song of the Library Staff is still relevant

today. Steve Norman analyzes the conflicts leading to the establishment

of the Library Quarterly at the University of Chicago's Graduate Library School in 1931 and demonstrates the library community's resistance to

GLS's emphasis on research and scholarship.166 His work is an outstanding

piece of scholarship based on careful research into primary (and unpub

lished) sources and shows the confusion among early LQ, editors about

determining publication criteria and the journal's early direction and

agenda.

Donald Dickinson sees more continuity than change in the purpose of

the many editions of the Guide to Reference Books, originally issued in 1902

and published by the American Library Association since 1911.167 The

author concludes that consistency of purpose has created a historical rather

than a dynamic guide. Lawrence Auld provides a descriptive study of

Library Trends that shows that the journal has stayed true to its purpose over the past thirty-five years.168

Salvador Guerena documents the lack of recognition and the general

library neglect of Chicano collections and materials since the sixteenth

century, but especially in the past half-century.169* Although his work does

not constitute original research, it does augment understanding of skewed

collections. Dave Berkman looks briefly at the reception radio got from the

reading and library communities in the 1920s.170 Based on several quota

tions drawn from 1924 issues of Library Journal, he generalizes to the rest of the nation's library community that they desired to form a partnership with radio to encourage reading. Catherine Ross renders a

nicely struc

tured article that looks at the metaphors of eating and ladders as they

were

used by librarians to describe the reading process.171 By means of these

metaphors, books were regarded as passive objects whose quality could be

ranked and whose contents would produce results that were predictable. Her article is an excellent piece of work whose only flaw is a

tendency to

overestimate the power of metaphoric restraints and to underestimate the

power of environmental factors.

Finally, students of American library history should not forget to check the pages of newly issued volumes and supplements to the Encyclopedia of

Library and Information Science, which contain many brief but useful articles with historical contents, and new editions of the ALA Yearbook of Library and Information Services, which can also be valuable resources for historical

information.

Unpublished Dissertations

Doctoral dissertations represent valuable contributions to our growing

body of literature and deserve close scrutiny from all library historians.




The following have been listed as completed dissertations covering some

aspect of American library history that were accepted in 1987 and 1988

(and some missed in the previous essay) as part of the requirements for

awarding the doctorate degree:

Ajami, Joseph G. "The Arabic Press in the United States since 1892: A Socio-Historic Study." Ph.D. Diss., Ohio University, 1987.

Baum, Christina D. "The Impact of Feminist Thought on American

Librarianship, 1965-1985." Ed.D. diss., University of Kentucky, 1987.

Cadegan, Una M. "All Good Books Are Catholic Books: Literature, Cen

sorship and the Americanization of Catholics, 1920-1960." Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1987.

Crowe, William Joseph. "Verner W. Clapp as Opinion Leader and Change Agent in the Preservation of Library Materials." Ph.D. diss., Indiana

University, 1986.

DeVinney, Gemma. "The 1965-1974 Faculty Status Movement as a Pro fessionalization Effort with Social Movement Characteristics: A Case

Study of the State University of New York." Ph.D. diss., State Uni

versity of New York, Buffalo, 1987.

Dorsey, James E. "The Financing of Public Library Service in Georgia, 1897-1980." Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1986.

Gault, Robin R. "The Evolution of Young Adult Services in the Miami Dade Public Library System, 1951-1984: A Historical Case Study." Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1986.

Gunn, Arthur C. "Early Training for Black Librarians in the U.S.: A

History of the Hampton Institute Library School and the Establishment of the Atlanta University School of Library Service." Ph.D. diss., Uni

versity of Pittsburgh, 1986.

Hanna, Marcia K. "A Test of the Incremental Model of Federal Budget ing: Library of Congress Program Priorities FY 1961-1981." Ph.D.

diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1988.

Higgenbotham, Barbra Buckner. "Preservation in American Libraries

at the Turn of the Century: An Historical Study, 1876-1910." D.L.S., Columbia University, 1988.

Jackson, Susan McEnally. "The History of the Junior Novel in the United

States, 1870-1980." Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill, 1986.

Job, Amy G. "Development of the Library Network Structure in New

Jersey from 1964 to 1984: An Historical Analytical Study." Ph.D. diss., Seton Hall University, 1987.

Kosters, Cleo. "A Critical Analysis of Certification Requirements for School Librarians in the Fifty States from 1950-1985." Ph.D. diss.,

University of South Dakota, 1986.



565

McCaslin, Sharon. "The Development of a University Library: The Uni

versity of Nebraska, 1891-1909." Ph.D. diss., University of Nebraska,

Lincoln, 1987.

Passet, Joanne Ellen. "Quest for a Profession: The Origins of Library Education in Indiana." Ph.D. diss., Indiana University, 1988.

Ravelli, Joseph L. "American Historical Analysis of Academic Library

Development in the Late Nineteenth Century: Case Studies of the

Libraries of New Jersey's Universities with Colonial Origins." Ph.D.

diss., Rutgers University, 1987.

Rosenberg, Jane A. "The Library of Congress and the Professionalization

of American Librarianship, 1896-1939." Ph.D. diss., University of

Michigan, 1988.

Schnee, Alix S. "John Cotton Dana, Edgar Holger Cahill, and Dorothy C.

Miller: Three Art Educators." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University Teachers College, 1987.

Schorsch, Anita. "A Library in America, 1758-1858." Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1986.

Seavey, Charles A. "Public Library Systems in Wisconsin, 1970-1980."

Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1987.

Tucker, Phillip M. "Public Elementary and Secondary School Library

Development in Missouri, 1945-1960." Ph.D. diss., Southern Illinois

University-Carbondale, 1986.

Waldo, Michael J. "A Comparative Analysis of Nineteenth Century Academic and Literary Society Library Collections in the Midwest." Ph.D. diss., Indiana University, 1985.

Walker, Betty B. "The History of the Saint Louis Mercantile Library: Its Educational, Social and Cultural Contributions." Ph.D. diss., St.

Louis University, 1986.

Willett, Holly Geneva. "Services and Resources in California Public

Libraries in Fiscal Year 1977-78 and Fiscal Year 1982-83." Ph.D. diss.,

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1987.

Conclusion

The record of scholarship in the last two years is significant, but insuf ficient in volume. The willingness of practicing library history scholars to

exercise a critical analysis of the events and individuals populating Ameri can librarianship's past is encouraging, but still more needs to be done.

It has been my pleasure over the past dozen years to comment on this

growing body of literature, often to praise where it was done well, some

times to criticize where it was done poorly, but always to encourage it toward an accelerated pace and higher standards of scholarship. However,

the time has come to pass this responsibility on to another member of our



566 VMM American Library History, 1987-1988

craft. Dr. Joanne Passet of Indiana University has agreed to write the next

biennial literature review. I wish her well in this endeavor and trust she

will enjoy and benefit from this assignment as much as I have. I also wish

to thank Libraries & Culture (and especially its accomplished editor, Donald

G. Davis, Jr.) for the opportunity to contribute the essay for the past twelve

years.

Notes

Abbreviations Used

ABBW AB Bookman's Weekly AHQ Arkansas Historical Quarterly

AHR American Historical Review

AL American Libraries

ALAN Advances in Library Automation and Networking ALAO Advances in Library Administration and Organization ASM Advances in Serials Management BASIS Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science

BMLA Bulletin of the Medical Library Association

CB Collection Building CCQ Cataloging and Classification Quarterly

CEALB Committee on East Asian Libraries Bulletin

CLJ Canadian Library Journal CLW Catholic Library World

CM Collection Management C&RL College and Research Libraries

C&RLN College and Research Libraries News

GPR Government Publications Review

IC International Classification IL Illinois Libraries

ILQ Iowa Library Quarterly ILR International Library Review

JAL Journal of Academic Librarianship

JASIS Journal of the American Society for Information Science

JD Journal of Documentation

JLH Journal of Library History JYSL Journal of Youth Services in Libraries

KR Kentucky Review

L&C Libraries & Culture

LCIB Library of Congress Information Bulletin

LH Louisiana History LHT Library Hi Tech Lib Libri

LJ Library Journal LLAB Louisiana Library Association Bulletin

LQ Library Quarterly LR TS Library Resources & Technical Services

LT Library Trends

MR Microform Review



567

NIF Newsletter for Intellectual Freedom

PA AS Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society

PLQ Public Library Quarterly PULC Princeton University Library Chronicle

RL Reference Librarian

RQ Reference Quarterly RSR Reference Services Review

SEL Southeastern Librarian

SML Show-Me Libraries

SpL Special Libraries SR Serials Review

TL Texas Libraries

TLJ Texas Library Journal UlOcPap University of Illinois Occasional Papers Series

VC Virginia Cavalcade

VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography VT Vermont History

WLB Wilson Library Bulletin WPHM Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine

1. Arthur P. Young, American Library History: A Bibliography of Dissertations and

Theses (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, 1988). 2. Mark Youngblood Herring, Controversial Issues in Librarianship: An Annotated

Bibliography (New York: Garland Publishing, 1987). 3. Alan Edward Schorr, Federal Documents Librarianship, 1879-1987 (Juneau, Al.:

Danali Press, 1988). 4. Melvin Bowie (comp.), Historic Documents of School Libraries (Fayetteville,

Ark.: Hi Willow Research and Publishing, 1986). 5. Maynard Brichford and Anne Gilliland, Guide to the American Library Associa

tion Archives, 2nd ed. (Chicago: American Library Association, 1987). 6. John Y. Cole (ed.), The Library of Congress: A Documentary History, Guide to the

Microfiche Collection (Bethesda, Md.: CIS Academic Editions, 1987). 7. Haynes McMullen, "Prevalence of Libraries in the Northeast States before

1876," JLH 22 (1987): 312-337. 8. Robert A. Rutland, "Well Acquainted with Books": The Founding Framers of 1787

(Washingon, D.C: Library of Congress, 1987). 9. Jack P. Greene, The Intellectual Heritage of the Constitutional Era: The Delegates

Library (Philadelphia: Library Company of Philadelphia, 1986). 10. Robert A. Gross, "Much Instruction from Little Reading: Books and Li

braries in Thoreau's Concord," PAAS 97 (1987): 129-188.

11. Robert A. Gross, "Reconstructing Early American Libraries: Concord,

Massachusetts, 1795-1850," PAAS 97 (1988): 331-451.

12. Wayne A. Wiegand, "'To diffuse usefull knowledge and correct moral

principles': Social Libraries in the Old Northwest, 1800-1850," in Paul H. Mat

tingly and Edward W. Stevens, Jr. (eds.), "Schools and the Means of Education Shall

Forever Be Encouraged": A History of Education in the Old Northwest, 1787-1880 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1987), pp. 85-92.

13. Morton Szasz Ferenc, The Protestant Clergy in the Great Plains and Mountain West, 1865-1915 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988).

14. Richard Murian, "Sacramento Origins: Libraries in the California Gold

Rush Period," ABBW 79 (1987): 2773 + .



568 UkOIAmerican Library History, 1987-1988

15. Harold M. Otness, "A Room Full of Books: The Life and Slow Death of

the American Residential Library," L&C 23 (1988): 111-134.

16. John R. Barden, "Reflections of a Singular Mind: The Library of Robert

Carter of Nomony Hall," VMHB 96 (1988): 83-94. 17. Leon Edel (comp.), The Library of Henry James (Ann Arbor: UMI Research

Press, 1987). 18. Martha Hill, Irene Rice Pereira's Library: A Metaphysical Journey (Washington,

D.C: National Museum of Women in the Arts, 1988). 19. James F. O'Gorman, H H Richardson: Architectural Forms for an American

Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987). 20. Rosamond Tifft, "The Growth and Development of Information and Re

ferral in Library Services: A Selective History and Review of Some Recent De

velopments," RL 21 (1988): 229-259. 21. "Encouraging to Read: Books, Libraries, and the Virginians in the Twenties

and the Great Depression," VC 37 (1987): 38-47.

22. Howard Dodson, "The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library," LQ 58 (1988): 74-82.

23. Paul L. Krause, "Patronage and Philanthropy in Industrial America:

Andrew Carnegie and the Free Public Library of Braddock, Pa.," WPHM 71

(1988): 127-145. 24. Ronald Blazek, "The Library, the Chautauqua, and the Railroads in De

Funiak Springs, Florida, ''JLH 22 (1987): 377-396. 25. Katherine E. Andrews, A Short History of the Regional Library Program in Tenne

see (Nashville: Tennessee Department of State, 1986). 26. Herbert Goldhor, "Trends in State Totals of Illinois Public Library Statistics

from 1969/70 to 1985/86," IL 70 (1988): 594-598. 27. Margery Frisbie, This Bookish Inclincation: The Story of the Arlington Heights

Library, 1887-1987 (Arlington Heights, 111.: Friends of the Arlington Heights Me

morial Library, 1987). 28. Joe Natale, "The Springfield Lincoln Library Building, 1904-1974," IL 69

(1987): 621-624. 29. Carol J. Emerson, "The State Library of Iowa: The First 150 Years," ILQ

25 (1988): 3-16. 30. Jean A. Roberts and Mary Mulroy, "'Andy's Library' Celebrates 60th

Birthday," SML 38 (1987): 25-28. 31. Louise Caldwell Bocock, "Texas Libraries and the Texas Federation of

Women's Clubs," TL/62 (1986): 26. 32. Peggy Burrough Aull, "A Little Library and How It Grew," TLJ (1986):

16-19.

33. Pamela Lynn Palmer, "Diamond Jubilee: Seventy-five Years of the Public

Library Movement of Nacogdoches, Texas," TL 48 (1987): 67-72.

34. Roland Conrad Person, A New Path: Undergraduate Libraries at United States

and Canadian Universities, 1949-1987 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988). 35. J. Periam Danton, "University Library Book Budgets: 1860, 1910, and

1960," LQ51 (1987): 284-302. 36. Richard H. Werking, "Allocating the Academic Library's Book Budget:

Historical Perspectives and Current Reflections," JAL 14 (1988): 140-144.

37. Louis Kaplan, "On the Road to Participative Management: The American

Academic Library, 1934-1970," Lib 38 (1988): 314-320.

38. Boyd Childress, "Library History, University History, and Photographic

History: Some Considerations for Research, "JLH 22 (1987): 70-84.



569

39. David Kaser, "Academic Library Buildings: Their Evolution and Prospects," ALAO 7 (1988): 149-160.

40. David Kaser, "19th Century Academic Library Buildings," C&RLN 8

(1987): 476-478. 41. Betty Bandel, "From Britain to America: British Books on Vermont Shelves,"

FT 55 (1987): 16-30. 42. Thomas F. O'Connor, "Collection Development in the Yale University

Library, 1865-1931," JLH 22 (1987): 164-189. 43. D. E. Perushek, "The Best Chinese Research Library," PULC 48 (1987):

239-252.

44. Thomas C Battle, " Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard Uni

versity," LQ5S (1988): 143-151. 45. Ann Allen Schockley, "Special Collections, Fisk University," LQ5S (1988):

151-163.

46. Samuel Wilson, Jr., "The Howard Memorial Library and Memorial Hall," LH 28 (1987): 229-244.

47. William L. Olbrich, Jr., "'An adjunct, necessary and proper . . .': The

Black Academic Library in Texas, 1876-1986," TLJ (1986): 94-103. 48. Charles R. Schultz,

" 'A good library is an invitation to learning': The Texas

A & M University Library, 1876-1986," TLJ 62 (1986): 40 + . 49. Herman L. Totten, "The Wiley College Library," TL 48 (1987): 39-43.

50. Philip Brown, "South Dakota State University's Library: A History," Hilton M. Briggs Library Occasional Paper Number 1 (Brookings: Hilton M. Briggs

Library, South Dakota State University, 1987). 51. Donna M. Hanson and Elizabeth N. Steinhagen, "Forty Years of Coopera

tion in the Palouse: From the Washington State University-University of Idaho

List of Serials to the Cooperative Science Serials Project," SR 14 (1988): 37-41.

52. Ann Okerson, "Periodical Prices: A History and Discussion," ASM 1 (1986): 101-134.

53. Fritz Veit, Presidential Libraries and Collections (New York: Greenwood Press,

1987). 54. Ellis Mount (ed.), One Hundred Years of Sci-Tech Libraries: A Brief History (New

York: Hawarth Press, 1987). 55. Elliot R. Siegel, "150 Years of Medical Information Research," BASIS 13

(1987): 18-21. 56. Elin B. Christianson and Anne M. Waldron, "Advertising Agency Libraries:

Thirty Years of Change," SpL 79 (1988): 152-162. 57. Carol Bleier, "The Pierpont Morgan Library: Changing of the Guard,"

WLB 72 (1988): 41-44. 58. Susan Fifer Canby, "The National Geographic Society and Its Library

Celebrate 100 Years," SpL 79 (1988): 328-331. 59. Herman Dicker, Of Learning and Libraries: The Seminar Library at One Hundred

(New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1988). 60. Win-Shin Chiang, "A History of Loyola Law Library," LLAB 50 (1988):

159-166.

61. Alma Dawson, "The Library and Information Science Library of Louisiana

State University: A Resource for Professional Librarians," LLAB 50 (1988): 121-124.

62. Jean Carefoot, "The Wilderness Years: The Texas State Library during the Pre-Commission Era," TL 49 (1988-1989): 87-91.

63. Georganne Faulkner, "Rayburn Library: A Political Legacy," TL 48 (1987

1988): 115-118.



570 \JaCIAmerican Library History, 1987-1988

64. Jacqueline S. Wright, "The Supreme Court Library?A Source of Pride," AHQ(\9%%): 137-149.

65. Edward G. Holley, "North American Efforts at Worldwide Acquisitions since 1945," CM 9 (1987): 89-111.

66. Stanley Katz, "The Institutional Mind: Independent Research Libraries, Learned Societies, and the Humanities in the United States," PAAS 97 (1987): 283-298 (quotation from p. 285).

67. Warren F. Siebert, Marjorie A. Kuenz, Paul A. Games, and Richard W.

Gregg, Research Library Trends, 1951-1980 and Beyond: An Update of Purdue's "Past and

Likely Future of 58 Research Libraries" (Bethesda, Md.: National Library of Medicine, 1987).

68. Timothy Kearley, "The European Community Depository Library System in North America," GPR 14(1987): 11-31. 69. Robert C. Sullivan, "Five Decades of Microforms at the Library of Congress," MR 17 (1988): 155-158. 70. Jack C. Wells, "Overseas Publications of the Library of Congress: Their

History and Use as Reference Resources," RL 17 (1987): 77-91. 71. Martha J. Bailey, "Microfilming State Agriculture and Forestry Documents:

Program of the National Agriculture Library," MR 17 (1988): 72-75. 72. Martin H. Sable, "The Library Company of Philadelphia: Historical Sur

vey, Bibliography, Chronology," ILR 19 (1987): 29-46. 73. Rolf Achilles (ed.), Humanities Mirror: Reading at the Newberry, 1887-1987

(Chicago: Newberry Library, 1987). 74. Joel M. Samuels, "The John M. Wing Foundation on the History of Print

ing at the Newberry Library," LQ5S (1988): 164-189. 75. Richard Rubin, "A Critical Examination of the 1927 Proposed Classification

and Compensation Plan for Library Positions by the American Library Association," LQ57 (1987): 400-425.

76. Wayne A. Wiegand and Dorothy Steffens, "Members of the Club: A Look at One Hundred ALA Presidents," UlOcPap No. 182 (1988).

77. Mark Gretchen, "World War I Service in Texas Military Training Camps," TL 48 (1987): 73-78. 78. Peggy Sullivan, "Back to the Future, circa 1907," AL (1987): 32-36. 79. David Kaser, "The Sinking of the ALA," LJ 112 (1987): 74-77. 80. Marilyn H. Karrenbrock, "A History and Analysis of Top of the News,"

JYSL 1 (1987): 29-43. 81. "ASIS 50th Anniversary Issue," BASIS 14 (1988): 1-68. Articles presenting

useful background information include Madeline M. Henderson, "1937-48: Be

ginnings of Information Science" (pp. 10-11); Saul Herner, "1949-58: Many Stars Begin to Shine" (pp. 12-13); Lea M. Bohnert, "1959-68: Dreams Become

Realities" (pp. 16-17); Edmond J. Sawyer, "1969-78: The Move to Realities"

(pp. 18-19); and Bruce and Rene Stein, "1979-88: Personal Computers Change the Market" (pp. 24-25).

82. Harold S. Hacker, "Librarians' Best Friends: The Early Years of the New York State Trustees' Association," Bookmark 45 (1987): 244-246.

83. Allan Boudreau, "NYSLAB, the Past Twenty Years," Bookmark 45 (1987): 247-248.

84. Stewart W. Dyess, "A Backward Glance at the Texas Library Association: An Interview with Ray C Janeway," TLJ 62 (1986): 108-112.

85. Walter Pierce, "In the Shadow of the Storm: The Texas Library Association and the Red Scare, 1950-1954," TLJ 62 (1986): 164-170.



571

86. Katherine D. Pettit, "The Bexar Library Association: Fifty Years of Ser

vice," 7Xy62(1986): 104-107. 87. Lois M. Bewley, "Library Education Reaches an Important Milestone?

Its 100th Anniversary," CLJ 44 (1987): 213-214. 88. Francis L. Miksa, "The Columbia School of Library Economy, 1887

1889," L&C 23 (1988): 249-280. 89. James V. Carmichael, "A School for Southern Conditions: The Library

School in Atlanta, 1905-1988," SEL (1988): 64-70.

90. Celebration of Education for Librarianship at the Carnegie Library School of Atlanta

and Emory University, 1905-1908: Chronology and Directory (Atlanta: Emory University Publication Office, 1988).

91. Joanne Ellen Passet, "'The Open Door of Opportunity': The Indiana

Library School and Its Students, 1905-1912," L&C 23 (1988): 474-492. 92. Katherine J. Adams, "The Beginnings of Library Education in Texas,"

TLJ 62 (1986): 64-66. 93. Roxanne Sellberg, "The Teaching of Cataloging in U.S. Library Schools,"

LRTS 32 (1988): 30-42. 94. Donald G. Davis, Jr., "The History of Library School Internationaliza

tion," in Internationalizing Library and Information Science Education: A Handbook of Policies and Procedures in Administration and Curriculum (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood

Press, 1987), pp. 17-29.

95. Josefa B. Abrera, "Doctoral Programs, Theses, and Graduates in Library and Information Science in the United States: An Analysis of the Published Litera

ture, 1960-1980," UIOcPapNo. 183(1988). 96. John J. Boll, "DDC Classification Rules: An Outline History and Com

parison of Two Sets of Rules," CCQ8 (1987-1988): 49-70.

97. Mary Ellen Soper, "Nineteen Thirty-eight to Today: Problems in Catalog

ing Then and Now," CCQ 8 (1987): 25-48. 98. Martha M. Yee, "Attempts to Deal with the 'Crisis in Cataloging' at the

Library of Congress in the 1940s," LQ 57 (1987): 1-31. 99. Mohindar Partap Satija, "History of Book Numbers: Dedicated to the

Memory of Donald J. Lehnus, a Supreme Scholar on Book Numbers," IC 14

(1987): 70-76. 100. James E. Rush, "The Library Automation Market: Why Do Vendors

Fail? A History of Vendors and Their Characteristics," LHT 6 (1988): 7-33. 101. James Segesta and Rodney M. Hersberger, "A Quarter Century of Ad

vanced Data Processing in the University Library," C&RL 48 (1987): 399-407. 102. Jean G. Cook, "Serials' Place on the Organizational Chart: A Historical

Perspective," ASM 1 (1986): 53-66.

103. Robert H. Blackburn, "Dewey and Cutter as Building Consultants," LQ 58 (1988): 377-384.

104. Martin Jamison, "The Microcard: Fremont Rider's Precomputer Revo

lution," L&C 23 (1988): 1-17. 105. Mary Kupec Cayton, "The Making of an American Prophet: Emerson,

His Audiences, and Rise of the Culture Industry in Nineteenth-Century America," AHR 92 (1987): 597-620.

106. Christina D. Bell and John V. Richardson, Jr., "

'Unselfish Work': John G. Ames and Public Document Reform, 1874-1895," L&C 23 (1988): 152-171.

107. H. Curtis Wright, "Jesse Shera, Librarianship, and Information Science," Occasional Research Paper No. 5 (Provo, Ut.: School of Library and Information

Sciences, Brigham Young University, 1988).



572 LScC/American Library History, 1987-1988

108. John Y. Cole, "The President Appoints the Librarian, 1802-1975," LCIB

46 (1987): 95-98. 109. John Y. Cole, "James H. Billington Sworn in as Librarian of Congress,"

ABBW80 (1987): 901-905. 110. "Remembering the Boorstin Years," LCIB 46 (1987): 375-382.

111. John C. Broderick, "Journals of Frederick W. Ashley Throw Light on

Library's History," LCIB 46 (1987): 367-368. 112. Thomas O. Jewett, "Thomas Jefferson: Librarian," SEL 38 (1988): 48-50 + .

113. Peter T. Conmy, "Nora Crimmins, Librarian 1923-1936," CLW 58

(1987): 215-217. 114. Peter T. Conmy, "Katherine Hinton Wooten, 1877-1946: Lady of the

South," CZ,W59 (1988): 158-160. 115. James Sweeney, "Lucy L. Murphy, 1888-1988: The Lady, the Librarian,

the Legend, the Legacy," CLW60 (1988): 60-61. 116. Ralph D. Wagner, "Walter Lichtenstein in South America: Books, Voyages,

and the End of a Career," L&C 23 (1988): 295-331. 117. Charles D. Patterson, "Origins of Systematic Serials Control: Remember

ing Carolyn Ulrich," RSR 16 (1988): 79-92. 118. James K. M. Cheng, "Fifty Years Embracing the Wall of Books: The Life

and Career of Dr. Tsuen-hsuin Tsien," CEALB 82 (1987): 29-38.

119. Edith Maureen Fisher, "Ethel Hall Norton and the Allensworth Colony," AL 18(1987): 140-141.

120. Dorothy Anderson, "The Impact of One Leader," in Anne Woodsworth

and Barbara von Wahlde (eds.), Leadership for Research Libraries: A Festschrift for Robert M. Hayes (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1988), pp. 207-218.

121. Shirley E. Stephenson (ed.), Dorothea Wilson Sheely: Thirty Years as City Librarian

of Newport Beach (Fullerton, Cal.: California State University Oral History Program,

1987). 122. George and Mildred Fersh, Bessie Moore: A Biography (Little Rock, Ark.:

August House, 1986). 123. J. Mark Tucker, "In Search of Our Professional Ancestors," WLB 62

(1987): 36-38. 124. Keyes DeWitt Metcalf, My Harvard Years, 1937-1955: A Sequel to Random

Recollections of an Anachronism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard College Library, 1988). 125. Dennis Carrigan, "Keyes Metcalf and the Founding of the Harvard Library

Bulletin," KR 8 (1988): 53-68. 126. Martha Boaz, Librarian/Library Educator: An Autobiography and Planning for

the Future (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, 1987). 127. Peggy Sullivan, "The Space She Occupied: Martha Boaz and Librarian

ship," in Richard K. Gardner (ed.), Education of Library and Information Professionals: Present and Future Prospects (Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1987), pp. 1-16.

128. Donald Clifford Gallup, Pigeons on the Granite: Memoirs of a Yale Librarian

(New Haven, Conn.: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, 1988). 129. Annie L. McPheeters, Library Service in Black and White: Some Personal Recol

lections (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, 1988). 130. Mary Virginia Gaver, A Braided Cord: Memoirs of a School Librarian (Metuchen,

N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1988). 131. See/AS7:S'38(1987): 147-151 for Allen Kent; 152-155 for Cyril W. Clever

don; 321-335 for Harold Wooster; 336-337 for Herbert White; 338-366 for Cloyd Dale Gull; 375-380 for Gerard Salton; 381-384 for Frederick G. Kilgour; 385-386

by A. W. Elias; 39 (1988): 92-98 for Don R. Swanson; 270-272 for Madeline M.

Henderson; and 273-280 for Laurence B. Heilprin.



573

132. Wallace W. Hall, The California Library Services Act of 1977: Personal Reflections and Reminiscences (Sacramento: California State Library Foundation, 1987).

133. Lawrence Clark Powell, A Good Place to Begin: Presented at the Fundraiser Dinner

for the Los Angeles Public Library, Held at the 88th Conference of the California Library Asso

ciation, Long Beach, California, November 17, 1986 (Sacramento: California State

Library, 1986); Lawrence Clark Powell, An Orange Grove Boyhood: Growing Up in Southern California, 1910-1928 (Santa Barbara: Capra Press, 1988).

134. Ward Ritchie, Growing Up with Lawrence Clark Powell (Sacramento: Cali

fornia State Library Foundation, 1987). 135. Ward Ritchie, "When Jake Zeitlin Was Joyous and Young," ABBW 81

(1988): 409-414. 136. Jacob L. Chernovsky, "Jake Zeitlin's Passions: Books, Scholarship, Life,"

ABBW 81 (1988): 399-408. 137. Herman Liebaers, "A Voice from Old Belgium," in Arthur Power Dudden

and Russell R. Dynes (eds.), The Fulbright Experience, 1946-1986: Encounters and

Transformation (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1987), pp. 227-233.

138. Mildred Batchelder, "The Leadership Network in Children's Librarian

ship: A Remembrance," in Sybille A. Jagusch (ed.), Stepping Away from Tradition: Children's Books of the Twenties and Thirties (Washington, D.C: Library of Congress,

1988), pp. 70-120. 139. Carol McKinley, "Hubert Howe Bancroft: From Bookseller to Benefactor,"

ABBW 79 (1981): 1106-1107. 140. Max C. Marmor, "In Obscure Rebellion: The Collector Elmer Belt,"

JLH 22 (1987): 409-424. 141. Marilyn S. Hessler, "Marcus Christian: The Man and His Collection,"

LH 28 (1987): 37-55. 142. Andrew Abbott, The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert

Labor (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988). 143. Michael Winter, The Culture and Control of Expertise: Toward a Sociological

Understanding of Librarianship (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988). 144. George Bennett, Librarians in Search of Science and Identity: The Elusive Pro

fession (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1988). 145. R. Kathleen Molz, The Knowledge Institutions in the Information Age: The Special

Case of the Library (Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, 1988). 146. Lee Burress, "Censorship in Wisconsin Public Schools, 1980-1987," NIF

37(1988): 149+. 147. Stephen E. Atkins, "Subject Trends in Library and Information Science

Research, 1975-1984," LT34(1988): 633-658.

148. Mary Lee Bundy and Frederick J. Stielow (eds.), Activism in American Li

brarianship, 1962-1973 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1987). 149. Francis L. Miksa, "Information Access Requirements: An Historical and

Future Perspective," ALAN 2 (1988): 45-68.

150. Daniel F. Ring, "Some Speculations on Why the British Library Profession

Didn't Go to War," JLH 22 (1987): 249-271. 151. Paul Sturges, "British Librarianship and the First World War: A Commen

tary," JLH 22 (1987): 285-293. 152. Pamela Spence Richards, "Information Science in Wartime: Pioneer Docu

mentation Activities in World War II," JASIS 39 (1988): 301-306. 153. Robin W. Winks, Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939-1961 (New

York: William Morrow, 1987). 154. Terry Belanger, "Institutional Book Collecting in the Old Northwest,

1876-1900," in Michael Hackenberg (ed.), Getting the Books Out: Papers of the Chicago



574 LScC/American Library History, 1987-1988

Conference on the Book in 19th Century America (Washington, D.C: Library of Con

gress, 1987), pp. 175-197.

155. Kayla Landesman, "Readex Microprint: An Historic Perspective," GPR

15 (1988): 463-469. 156. Alison Bunting, "The Nation's Health Information Network: A History of

the Regional Medical Library Program, 1965-1985," BMLA 75 (1987): 1-62.

157. Donna M. Senzig and Franklyn F. Bright, "The Network Library System: The History and Description of an Evolving Library-Developed System," LHT 5

(1987): 67-75. 158. John V. Richardson, Jr., Government Information: Education and Research,

1928-1986 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1987). 159. Sheila H. Nollen, "History of the Illinois Depository Program," IL 69

(1987): 489-498. 160. John H. Gribben, The Southeast Library Network (SOLINET): A Topical His

tory and Chronology, 1973-1983 (Columbia, S.C: Association of Southeastern Re

search Libraries, 1988). 161. Sarah Jordan Miller, "A Distribution by the Continental Congress: The

Nation's Earliest Legislation Addressed to Libraries," JLH 22 (1987): 294-311.

162. Linda Lawson and Richard B. Kielbowicz, "Library Materials in the Mail:

A Policy History," LQ5S (1988): 29-51. 163. Gerald S. Greenberg, "Books as Disease Carriers, 1880-1920," L&C 23

(1988): 281-292. 164. Kathleen Craver, "Social Trends in American Young Adult Library Ser

vice, 1960-1969," L&C 23 (1988): 18-38. 165. Sam Walter Foss, The Library Alcove and Other Library Writings (Jefferson,

N.C: McFarland, 1987). 166. Steve Norman, "The Library Quarterly in the 1930s: A Journal of Discus

sion's Early Years," LQ 58 (1988): 327-351.

167. Donald C Dickinson, "The Way It Was, the Way It Is: 85 Years of the

Guide to Reference Books," RQ 27 (1987): 220-225. 168. Lawrence W. S. Auld, "Library Trends Past and Present: A Descriptive

Study," Z,r36 (1988): 853-868. 169. Salvador Guerena, "Archives and Manuscripts: Historical Antecedents to

Contemporary Chicano Collections," CB 8 (1986): 3-11.

170. Dave Berkman, "Letters, Libraries and Broadcasting?They Go Back

Together a Long Way," PLQS (1988): 19-27.

171. Catherine Sheldrich Ross, "Metaphors of Reading," JLH 22 (1987): 145-163.

