the literature of american library history, 1985-1986

The Literature of American Library History, 1985-1986Author(s): Wayne A. WiegandSource: Libraries & Culture, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Summer, 1988), pp. 332-364Published by: University of Texas PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25542071 .

Accessed: 17/06/2014 13:31

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

University of Texas Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Libraries&Culture.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.185 on Tue, 17 Jun 2014 13:31:19 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=texas

http://www.jstor.org/stable/25542071?origin=JSTOR-pdf

http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp


Notes & Essays

THE LITERATURE OF AMERICAN LIBRARY HISTORY, 1985-1986

Wayne A. Wiegand

The literature of American library history continues to grow. The pre vious biennial literature review essay records 177 citations; this essay cites

216. And not only more citations: the American library history com

munity can also claim an improved literature. American library historians

can justifiably take pride in both accomplishments. Yet much remains to

be done.

Most primary source materials documenting American library history remain largely unused in library archives across the country; because the

role of libraries in American history in general remains relatively unex

plored, it appears to me that the American library history community could

benefit substantially by enlisting the interest of scholars now working in

related fields like American cultural, literary, social, intellectual, and book

history, to name but a few. The study of American library history has

ample room; it behooves us to suggest the field to others, in the larger hope

of increasing even more both the quantity and quality of a critical literature

that holds much promise for instructing the library profession. Readers of this essay will find several minor departures from the organi

zational patterns of previous essays. The category "Books and Libraries

in Early America" has been dropped; sections on "Social Libraries" and

"Personal Libraries" have been added. All other categories remain the

same.

Sources and Historiography

Unfortunately, only one effort to identify sources in American library

history was published in the last two years. Doris Cruger Dale's directory of oral history tapes of librarians in the United States and Canada lists over

200 audio recorded interviews.1 For each entry she supplies a list of subjects and individuals covered in interviews, plus identification of locations where

Some citations in this essay were published prior to 1985 and were missed in previous essays.

They are identified in the text by an asterisk immediately following the citation number. This

essay is the eleventh in a series of review essays on American library history literature. The previous es

say is (<The Literature of American Library History, 1983-1984, "JLH 21 (1986): 723-763.



333

tapes can be found. Name and subject indexes complete the work. Ameri can library historians need to do more oral interviewing to preserve a larger part of the professional record, especially because recent generations of

librarians have made heavy use of the telephone in conducting professional business. But preserving existing records of the past is also important. Richard J. Cox and Anne S. K. Turkos make a good case for establishing

public library archives across the country.2 They base their argument on

experiences in Baltimore, where they screened existing records at the

Enoch Pratt Free Public Library and found little understanding of the need for the management of archival materials.

Historiography has been served well in several essays. Michael Harris

introduces what he calls a "Theory of Library Service in the United States"

consisting of twenty-six propositions that should serve as provocative stimuli

for further discussion.3 As usual, much of Harris's theorizing is based on

historical perspective. I recommend it as important reading for all library and information science students.

The 1984 Library History Round Table program provided three sound

historiographical papers. Boyd Ray ward traces the origins of a convergence of library and information science to the late nineteenth century.4 He

spends much time on the evolution of the information science field and

suggests that as it expands from document-based to more general informa

tion systems, it will exert significant influence on library science. H. Curtis

Wright looks at the worlds of librarianship and information science through the eyes of Jesse Shera, who watched the development of these two for most of his adult life.5 Wright agrees that librarianship?as a set of idea systems

?ought to be superior to an information science founded on data-manipu lation systems. His argument is forceful and merits wide reading, but he

does fail to acknowledge that librarianship has never been (and probably never will be) as directly involved in the creation of these systems as Shera

thought.

Wright's was the most provocative paper at the LrIRT session; Francis

Miksa's paper has the most potential for assisting interpretation of library

history.6 He harnesses Fritz Machlup's categories of knowledge to aid in

understanding the type of services and roles libraries play and to explore how these roles are perceived differently by users. Library historians would do well to read Miksa's article before embarking on their next research

project. Robert Hayes provides a commentary on the remarks of all three men.7 He forces a broader definition of information science to encompass

multiple forms of information systems that go back centuries. American library history has also benefited from developments in the

historiography of book history. Library History Seminar VII (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1985) sponsored several keynote addresses, two of which qualify for citation in this section. John Feather makes a strong case



334 L&C/'American Library History, 1985-1986

for teaching book history in library schools and especially welcomes the

contact between library history and book history.8 David Hall redefines

the history of the book by calling for increased attention to the history of

reading, the history of popular culture, the history of "authority," and

the history of texts and their transmittal.9 He argues that the history of the

book must modify its focus on the history of printing, publishing, and the

book trade in order to concentrate some attention on readers and the act

of reading.

Social Libraries

John Van Home has edited the American correspondence of the Asso

ciates of Dr. Thomas Bray, who was responsible for establishing some of

colonial America's first social libraries.10 Much correspondence relates to

books sent to those libraries. In commemoration of the bicentennial of the

Constitution, Jack Greene has reprinted a bibliography of Library Com

pany titles to which founding fathers had access.11 James Baughman offers

a brief article on books Benjamin Franklin donated to a Franklin, Massa

chusetts, community that, some have argued, can lay claim to being

America's first public library because all Franklin citizens were given access

to the collection by vote of a 26 November 1790 town meeting.12 Roberta

Copp provides a somewhat flawed account of social libraries in South

Carolina in the nineteenth century based on both secondary and primary sources.13

John Colson's effort on the Fire Company Library Association of Balti

more from 1838 to 1858 is too speculative.14 Less than half his text covers

fire company libraries. Joseph Yeatman's 1984 Winsor Award paper on the

role of social libraries in Baltimore between 1815 and 1840, on the other

hand, is much better.15 He locates his topic within the context of early

nineteenth-century literary Baltimore and notes changing reading tastes

reflected in books collected and circulated by social and subscription libraries.

Haynes McMullen provides another solid essay on social libraries.16

In this one he demonstrates conclusively that the demise of social libraries

did not occur shortly after the public library movement of the late nine

teenth century took root. Only after the turn of the century did public libraries outnumber social libraries. Blake McKelvey explores nineteenth

century book clubs in Rochester, New York, and ties several to the develop ment of the Reynold's,

one of that city's most prominent social libraries.17

Barbara Stanley's cheerful book on the Rye (N.Y.) Free Reading Room

celebrates history too niuch, but still provides useful information for the

serious library historian.18* The Rye Reading Room was initially estab

lished as a response to perceived temptations of alcohol and leisure and

was supported by an upper-middle-class group of Rye residents looking to



335

promote a high-culture library. Philip B. Eppard notes that a number of

rental libraries flourished in the 1920s and 1930s, but that their demise

shortly thereafter was due to the introduction of cheap paperbacks, TV, and the increased costs of books that rental libraries had to buy.19

Personal Libraries

Louise Chipley analyzes the 4,000-volume collection of late-eighteenth

/early-nineteenth-century scholar and Unitarian clergyman William Bentiey of Salem, Massachusetts.20 She demonstrates an

emphasis on classical

works, history, and science, but also notes that Bentley collected authors

like Pope, Addison, Young, and Richardson. She concludes that the

collection reflected humanistic attitudes toward a societal progress through education that characterized the times in which Bentley lived. Bruce

Stephens looks at the dispersal of Bentley's library and traces the transfer

of the more "useful" books to the Allegheny College Library in Mead

ville, Pennsylvania.21 Robert Anthony briefly recounts the history of a

personal library of about 1,400 volumes owned by David Stone (d. 1818) of Hope Plantation of Bertie County, North Carolina.22 Leonard Coombs

and Francis Blouin, Jr., have edited library catalogs of two early Michigan

clergymen?Gabriel Richard, a Sulpician missionary interested in educa

tion, Indians, and the handicapped, and John Montieth, a Protestant

missionary.23 Not surprisingly, both collections reflect conservatism and

an emphasis on religion, with scattered classics mixed in with "useful"

works.

Alan Gribben records the perils and pleasures of locating libraries of

prominent American authors and calls for close attention to collecting them in the future.24 He sees this area as a productive link between literary scholars and the American library community but laments a general lack

of academic recognition for scholars who do bibliographical work. Arthur

Kinney has published an annotated catalog of the 712 titles Flannery O'Connor once owned that are now in the Georgia College Library.25 His brief introduction notes collection emphases: it also details some of

O'Connor's personal bookkeeping, book-collecting, and note-taking habits. Walter Harding has updated, corrected, and enlarged a thirty year-old checklist of works known to belong to Henry David Thoreau.26*

Sarah Miller notes that many federal documents survived the nineteenth

century in large part because private collectors took pains to collect them

at time of their issue.27 John Powell provides a fascinating history of the

library collection developed by his father, who was China Weekly Review editor and publisher in the 1930s.28 Larry Peterson discusses the contents of the library of his grandfather, John Edwin Peterson, an early-twentieth century Pullman factory worker who was also a member of the International




Workers of the World and Socialist Party of America.29 The author shows

that his grandfather's intellectual curiosity was richly satisfied.

Public Libraries

Surprisingly, American public library history merited comparatively

light treatment over the past two years. Theodore Suchat has written a

curious work, which he entitles The Library Book.30 In it he concentrates

mostly on the Enoch Pratt Free Public Library and attempts to draw analo

gies from its operations to a larger library world. A first chapter, "Mr.

Carnegie and Mr. Pratt," provides superficial and sometimes historically inaccurate treatment of late-nineteenth-/early-twentieth-century philan

thropy. William Birdsall's general article on the history of the American

public library is better.31 It draws on conclusions reached by historian

Thomas Bender and library historians John Colson, Rosemary DuMont, and Evelyn Geller to show that the public library has traditionally been

caught between reponsibilities to the community and to the individual.

Library history cannot claim many good cliometricians. Robert Williams

is one of the few. He looks at census data for 1850, 1860, and 1870 and

concludes that education and community economic health appear to have

contributed most to public library development during these years.32

Stephen James examines the long-held assumption that public library use

increases in hard economic times.33 He finds no statistically significant

relationship between the two. Kathleen Weibel analyzes the literature on

outreach library services appearing between 1960 and 1975.34* She per ceives three distinct periods: 1960-1963, when authors focused on problems

preventing access to library services; 1963-1968, when authors emphasized

going to new publics; and 1968-1975, when authors targeted specific

groups.

Esther Carrier's book on fiction in public libraries during the first half

of this century is disappointing.35 A study of the subject promises much; the author delivers litde. The work represents a good chronicle of librarians'

published attitudes toward fiction, but her conclusion is wholly predictable

?public librarians could not agree on the kinds of fiction their libraries

ought to stock. Lacking here is analysis of data based on highly relevant

scholarship on the subject of reading that has recently surfaced in the social

sciences and the humanities.

More satisfactory is Joseph Rounds's firsthand account of the history of

the Buffalo and Erie County (N.Y.) Public Library, 1940-1975.36 He

recounts the merger of three separate library systems serving the people

of Buffalo and Erie County. The merger was extremely complex and had

many variables to balance. Ruth Rosenberg-Naparsteck provides an

undocumented account of the Rochester (N.Y.) Public Library from its



337

origins in 19ll.37 The article wanders across the years and treats major

figures in the library's history but spends most attention on construction

of the building during the 1930s.

Clara Breed provides an in-house centennial history of the San Diego Public Library (1882-1982).38* As director from 1945 to 1970 she was

on site during the period of its greatest growth. Basic details and facts are

here, all framed by a traditional public library service philosophy. Garland

Perry offers a descriptive history of Carnegie grants that resulted in the

establishment of numerous Texas public libraries.39 M. Wilkinson reprints

entertaining memories of obstacles a library field worker in Wyoming's Platte County had to surmount shortly after the turn of the century.40

Jack Hess recollects his experiences as a

ten-year-old in the children's

room of a south-side Chicago branch library in 1915.41

Shelley McNamara renders a weak summary of the origins of public

library work with children, based entirely on the published record.42 She

looks at the past for justification of the present and gives no evidence of

contact with education history literature outside librarianship. The result

is a narrow view through rose-colored lenses that ignores the sociocultural

milieu that heavily influenced the origins of children's work. For example, she makes no mention of how children's librarians treated Huckleberry Finn.

Margaret Monroe provides a cursory glance

at the evolution of adult

education literacy programs in public libraries.43 She bases her account

on secondary sources, but because she was herself a pioneer in this area,

her observations carry additional credibility.

Academic Libraries

Jacquette Reboul provides a rosy view of American academic librarian

ship from a French academic librarian's point of view.44* The author

credits the connection between important American universities and their

excellent libraries to high-quality staff, a willingness to innovate (especially with technological developments), and relatively generous funding. Gemma

DeVinney's article on the history of intellectual freedom in academic libraries is adequate background information to several interesting incidents

in American library history, but she does not distinguish clearly between academic freedom and academic status.45 David Kaser's article on academic

library architecture, 1870-1890, on the other hand, is marked by sound

scholarship.46 He concludes that this twenty-year period witnessed a shift from single-purpose buildings designed to protect books to multipurpose

buildings that required space for special collections, reference services, and staff work activity.

As part of its 350th anniversary, the Harvard University Library mounted an exhibition that was subsequently replicated in book form.47




Donald Gallup looks carefully at Yale's acquisition of the Ezra Pound

Papers, which took thirty-five years of negotiating and was complicated

by Pound's incarceration for treason.48 In an undocumented, heavily

illustrated history of the United States Military Academy Library, Aloysius Norton argues that West Point can claim to be the nation's first federal

library.49 Janice Fennell gives a brief history of the Ina Dillard Russell

Library at Georgia College.50 Jean Price provides a skeletal history of the

Georgia Tech Library from its origins in 1885.51 James Conrad performs a similar service with the history of the James G. Gee Library at East Texas

State University.52

Larry Hardesty, John Schmitt, and John Mark Tucker have compiled a useful set of twenty essays they consider classics on the subject of user

instruction that date back to 1880.53 They restrict themselves to academic

librarianship, and specifically to undergraduate service. Readers will find

such pioneers as Winsor, Dewey, Salmon, Branscomb, Knapp, and Farber

represented here.

Special Libraries

Special libraries enjoyed considerable attention during the past two

years, almost all in article form. Carol Tenopir studies internal factors

in eighteen manufacturing and industrial corporations that founded special libraries between 1910 and 1921.54 She finds that corporations beginning special libraries during these years averaged twenty-one years in business

and enjoyed substantial profits for at least seventy percent of the years

they were in business. They tended to be stable corporations, but most

had recently experienced changes in upper-level management.

Wayne Wiegand's analysis of the historical development of state library

agencies divides into four periods.55 Until 1890 state library agencies

generally grew by gift and exchange, were usually underfunded, and

tended to be as good

or poor as state legislators wished them. Between

1890 and 1920 a movement for universal literacy pushed many states to

establish library commissions outside existing state library agencies. Between 1920 and 1956 several states consolidated these agencies in at

tempts to pare duplication of effort and costs of government. Since 1956

federal aid to libraries has given state library agencies enough purse power to force some conformity on library institutions looking to them for funds.

Bettye Collier-Thomas's sound article on the origins of the Bethune

Museum-Archives in Washington, D.C, traces Mary McLeod Bethune's

efforts to preserve part of the record of American black women.56 In a book

on the Smithsonian Institution Kenneth Haftertepe devotes about fifteen

pages to the Smithsonian Library between 1840 and 1878.57* John Blake

takes a cursory glance at the development of the National Library of



339

Medicine from its beginnings as a shelf of books in the office of Army

Surgeon General Joseph Lovell (1818-1876).58 Edwin Wolf 2nd has com

piled a catalog of 153 titles in Benjamin Franklin's medical library,59 while

Rudolph Hirsch has edited a catalog of manuscripts and archives in the

library of the College of Physicians in Philadelphia.60*

Stephen Parks has compiled a catalog of titles in the library of the Eliza

bethan Club at Yale University.61 An introduction by Alan Bell details

the history of the library on the occasion of its seventy-fifth birthday.

Although much of Patricia King's article on the Arthur and Elizabeth

Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America describes its

manuscript holdings, she does briefly outline the Library's history in five

pages.62 Ruth Rogers analyzes the fifty-year history of Harvard's Kress

Library of Business and Economics,63 while Florence Bartoshesky looks at the acquisitions history of major business record collections on that

campus.64

Thomas Slavens's dissertation (1965, Michigan) on the Union Theo

logical Seminary in New York City has been reprinted by K. G. Sauer.65

David Van Zanten discusses the course of decision making by Lenox

Library architect Richard Morris Hunt between 1870 and 1875.66 Deirdre

Lawrence casts a cursory glance at the history of the development of the

175,000-volume Brooklyn Museum Libraries collection, which had its

origins with the birth of the Brooklyn Apprentices' Library Association in 1823.67 Paul Cohen analyzes the history of the Charles V. Paterno

Library in New York City, now housed on the fourth floor of the Castle Italiana.68 Aime Atlas provides a

descriptive narrative of the past forty

years of library service at the Pilgrim Psychiatric Center in Suffolk County, New York.69

Juozas Kriauciunas recounts the sixty-five-year history of the American

Lithuanian Cultural Archives in Boston.70 Ruth Linton screens the devel

opment of the Nemours Library in Delaware,71 while Michael Nash does the same for Delaware's Hagley Museum and Library.72 A. W. Cornwall

describes the transformation of the Tower Room at St. Paul's Church in Winston-Salem (North Carolina) into a library of materials relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church.73* Anne Donato and Harlan Greene

provide a brief account of the Library of the Medical Society of South

Carolina, which eventually found its way into the Waring Historical

Library of Medicine at the University.74 Kenneth Noe gives a brief history of the Kentucky Department of Library and Archives,75 while Audrey Berkley looks at the history of the library of the St. Louis Society for Medi cal and Scientific Education,76 and Philip Metzger bases his analysis of a circulating library in Austin, Texas, in the late nineteenth century on a book catalog and several accounts in local Austin newspapers.77

Brian Aveney takes a quick glance at the history of the Mechanic's




Institute Library in San Francisco.78 Richard Reilly renders a reverential

account of the origins of the Copley Library in San Diego (collected by newspaper magnate James S. Copley and completed after his death),79* and George Davis takes a general look at the library philosophy articulated

by early-twentieth-century public library leaders that so heavily influenced

the "information for everyone" attitude evident to libraries serving prison

populations.80

Research Libraries

Catalogers cringe when confronted with Festschriften, but library historians

often find them useful and informative. As a leader steps into retirement, and a group of subordinates or colleagues decides to honor that leader,

contemporaries who have also achieved leadership positions are invited to

present papers. Most often their remarks include personal reminiscences,

and generally they take a historical approach. In a Festschrift honoring L. E.

Anderson, director of libraries at Colorado State University, library his

torians will find useful information on research library history in essays

by Ralph Ellsworth, Forrest Carhart, Richard Dougherty, and David

Stam.81 Robert Molyneux has issued in hard-copy form statistics on

research libraries collected and examined in the early part of this century

by James Thayer Gerould.82

Library historians will find two useful articles on Library of Congress

history. Jane Rosenberg does an excellent job of examining the involvement

of American Library Association leaders at the 1896 hearings held by the

Joint Committee of the Library of Congress.83 While ALA could not make

an official appearance, those members who did appear defined a set of

service goals later implemented when Herbert Putnam became Librarian

of Congress. Jacqueline Goggin recounts the creation and acquisition

history of the Library's Carter G. Woodson collection in a sound article

based on her dissertation on Woodson.84

In 1985 the National Archives celebrated its fiftieth anniversary; naturally that led to a number of publications. Timothy Walch has edited a collection

of six essays on the history of the National Archives.85 Former archivist

of the United States Robert Warner offered brief summary remarks in

an address before the Midwest Archives Association held at the Truman

Library on 2 November 1984; his remarks were reprinted in two periodi cals.86 Page Putnam Miller does much the same in another article,87 but

Trudy Peterson takes a more critical look at the last thirty years at the

Archives to determine what archival theory generated its programs.88

In a brief article R. Joseph Anderson describes the history of the four

teen-year-old Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies in Philadelphia; he provides a longer discussion of its collections.89 Henry Reed Hope offers a heavily



341

illustrated book designed to celebrate the classical architecture and eclectic

decorations at the New York Public Library.90 Lola Szladits has issued a scrapbooklike highly favorable account of the history of the Berg collection

of American and English literature at NYPL.91 And, on the occasion of the opening of new quarters for its Rare Book and Manuscript Library,

Columbia University has published a volume highlighting its collections

and treasures.92 Director Kenneth Lohf recounts a brief history of the

Library; Rudolph Ellenbogen follows with an annotated bibliography of

121 of its "treasures."

Gail Hueting screens titles of books once owned by Alvaro-Agustin de

Liano but now in the Leopold von Ranke collection at Syracuse University,93 while Robert Gregory details the development of the. Eastern African

collection at the same institution.94* Carol McKinley takes a wandering glance at the American Antiquarian Society and pays special attention to cataloger Avis Clarke (1927-1970) and librarians Clarence S. Brigham,

Clarence Shipton, and Marcus McCorrison.95 Jean Gottlieb looks at the

provenance of the rich history of science collections at the Newberry.96 Cecil Byrd and Carla DeFord have edited a catalog of descriptions of selected materials owned by the Lilly Library at Indiana University on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the opening of the building.97 Byrd's introduction gives a brief history of the Lilly. Warren Roberts provides a personal account of the acquisition and

growth of the D. H. Lawrence Collection at the Harry S. Ransom Human ities Research Center located at the University of Texas.98 Lamar Lentz

performs a similar service by identifying the acquisitions history of the

personal library of historian, librarian, and attorney Edward Alexander Parsons of New Orleans.99 Finally, Peter Duignan has edited a series of

essays highlighting the history of collections and services of the Library of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace.100

Library Associations

The history of library associations continues to enjoy the attention of

library historians. As usual, the American Library Association has garnered the largest share, perhaps because ALA Archives are so readily available.

Wayne Wiegand structures his history of ALA between 1876 and 1917 around its motto?"The Best Reading for the Greatest Number at the Least Cost."101 He concludes that most ALA activities were devoted to the latter two elements in the motto, while relatively little time was spent

discussing the first and that the profession created an image for itself during these years that showed it to be primarily concerned with improving the

management of libraries and the applied expertise unique and necessary to institutional efficiency.



342 L&CIAmerican Library History, 1985-1986

Gary Kraske has written an impressive book on ALA interaction with several federal agencies concerned with establishing overseas library services

in the 1940s.102 World War II was the catalyst; programs were specifically

designed to counter Axis propaganda. ALA was in it to foster the establish ment of cultural relations and to provide model service developed by Amer

ican librarianship. Although Kraske's history is compellingly told, he lacks

adequate analysis of the influence of cultural, literary, and intellectual canons

on these overseas library collections, which several historians have argued is

itself a form of the cultural imperialism that Kraske finds so objectionable.

Rosemary DuMont looks at the record of ALA response to segregation of public library services all over the country, but especially in the South.103

By also looking at treatment accorded its own black members until well

into the 1960s, she demonstrates an ALA propensity to avoid the issue

by articulating a series of standard excuses attempting to justify nonaction.

DuMont's case is well documented and should give the profession cause

for thought. Her call for further study on the issue is fully justified. Daniel

Ring examines an incident in 1948 when an ALA Joint Committee on

Library-Labor Relations decided not to publish a five-page case study of labor-library relations written by Henry Black, librarian at the Jefferson School in New York City, a labor school with close ties to the American

Communist Party.104 Committee chairperson Dorothy Bendix tried to

prevent its publication because she anticipated damaging relations with some

strongly anticommunist unions, but the ALA Committee on Intel

lectual Freedom insisted. In a short article Jean Coleman examines ALA's

role in adult and literacy education between 1920 and 1980.105

Other library and information science associations also merited attention

in the last two years. Claire Schultz offers a personal recollection of several

meetings of the American Documentation Institute in the early 1960s.106

Howard Winger recounts the publishing activities of the Association of

American Library Schools in the 1950s.107 Tillie Krieger looks at the

twenty-five-year history of 7?Q,(the official organ of ALA's Reference and

Adult Services Division),108 while Wayne Wiegand examines the origins of the Bibliographical Society of America against the background of ALA

politics at the turn of the century.109 He finds that when academic and

research librarians came to view scholarly and research bibliography as a

suitable province for professional endeavors, they organized the Biblio

graphical Society of Chicago, eventually changed to the BSA.

William Beatty provides a lively chronology of the Bulletin of the Medical

Library Association, which covers the years 1911 to 1985.no The Bulletin

had nineteen editors, many of whom also distinguished themselves by contributions elsewhere in the medical library profession. Pat Molholt

offers a brief glance at the origins and seventy-five-year history of the

Special Libraries Association.111* Adolf Sprudzs provides a descriptive



343

summary of the twenty-five-year history of the International Association

of Law Libraries.112* Arturo Torres summarizes the debate concerning

social responsibility that generated so much discussion among American

law librarians in the 1960s and 1970s.113 Perry Morrison celebrates fifty years of PNLA Quarterly in a fairly objective way,114 and Richard Moore

updates Ruth Hale Gershevsky's fifty-year history of the Pacific Northwest

Library Association by recounting major events occurring at annual

conferences between 1959 and 1984.115

The seventy-fifth anniversary of the Arkansas Library Association in

1986 occasioned several articles. Bob Razer offers two. One is a brief

history of the Association,116 the other a glance at an ALA meeting there

in 1923.117 In a third he teams up with Valerie Thwing to focus on Arkan

sas's "Operation Library" campaign that was spearheaded by West

Memphis Jaycee president Cecil Edmonds in the late 1950s.118 George

Hartje continues his efforts to chronicle Missouri Library Association

activities.119 Donald Jay provides a cursory glance at the history of ALA's International Relations Round Table activities since 1947,12?* and Robert

Wedgeworth offers a cursory glance at the recent history of the International

Federation of Library Associations through the eyes of an active American

participant.121

Library Education

In 1986 formal library education celebrated its centennial. Naturally, this event engendered numerous publications to commemorate the occasion and

offered an opportunity to reexamine formal library education history. Ed ward Holley provides a balanced and comprehensive analysis that is based

mostly on secondary sources.122 Haynes McMullen takes a briefer look at

the same material.123 Peggy Sullivan aims for a similar goal in her introduc

tory essay to one of two centennial issues of the Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, but concentrates on

interrelationships between library education and ALA.124 None of the three offers new information.

The second JELIS centennial issue capitalizes on more substantive research into primary source materials. Robert Williams and Martha

Jane Zachert look at library education for special librarianship and find it a neglected stepchild.125 Seldom, they argue, has library education gone further than a core of courses delivering content common to most library situations that are supplemented by several electives highlighting a few of the specializations in special librarianship. Rosemary DuMont takes a close look at the education of black librarians and concludes that the

profession has traditionally ignored its responsibility here.126 She under scores library education's failure to integrate by noting that one school accounts for fifty percent of all black library school graduates.



344 L&C/American Library History, 1985-1986

John Richardson demonstrates that discussion of government publica tions has been an integral part of library education since 1887, but the sub

ject was not isolated into a separate course until the Armour Institute

introduced it in 1895.127 By analyzing the standard texts (seven in all) used

for these courses, Richardson identifies three changing paradigms. One

switched from focus on "documents" to focus on "information"; a second

from federal documents to local, state, federal, and international docu

ments; and a third switched away from a title-by-title approach to one

concentrating more attention on general issues, trends, and strategies.

In a rather laboriously tided article, Wayne Wiegand constructs an

analytical frame derived from recently published literature on the history of professions to screen the last hundred years of formal library education.128

He sees four elements playing upon library education courses across the

years?institution, expertise, character, and authority. The first two occupy

most curricular attention; the third is determined by admissions criteria

and the force of tradition; and the last largely exists outside a profession that continues to delegate responsibility for evaluating the authority objects it collects to other professionals.

The Winter 1986 issue of Library Trends, edited by Donald G. Davis, Jr., and Phyllis Dain, is titled "History of Library and Information Science

Education." It offers solid contributions to the body of American library

history literature. In a superbly crafted article Francis Miksa attempts to

reexamine Melvil Dewey's role in the establishment of formal library education in its historical context.129 Dewey is no saint here, but neither is

he the ogre several library historians have recendy described.

By looking at the brief tenure of Clara Mable Brooks at the Hoopeston

(Illinois) Public Library (1913-1915), Wayne Wiegand shows how her

curriculum at the Illinois State Library School at Urbana had successfully socialized her into an

appropriate professional role.130 Mary Niles Maack

examines secondary sources in the history of library education to analyze

the role of women and discovers that women experienced setbacks at each

watershed event.131 William Williamson looks at the available numbers on

graduates of library schools over the past century and shows more than half

have graduated since 1970, ninety percent since 1935.132

Laurel Grotzinger covers curricula and teaching styles.133 She sees much

discussion over identifying a common core and balancing theory and prac

tice but little resolution. Philip Metzger casts a brief glance at some of the

materials used most often in formal library education courses,134 and

Elizabeth Stone covers the very recent history of continuing education.135

Michael Harris concludes the Library Trends issue with a provocative article

on research in library and information science.136 He argues that a rigid

adherence to positivism has blinded the profession to more fruitful modes

of inquiry.



345

Mary Biggs analyzes trends in library education away from a pre dominance of practitioners

on the faculty to a

preference for scholars.137

She concludes that the pressures for change came from outside the pro

fession, not from within. Boyd Rayward examines Douglas Waples's 1931 statements on research in library science against his own

perception of

contemporary library education.138 He concludes the latter has not met

expectations explicit in the former and calls for renewed commitment.

William Robinson looks at issues affecting library education that appeared in Library Journal in 1910 and 1920.139 He discovers that management,

public services, technical services, the book sciences, and Americanization

programs drew most attention and notes that many of these concerns

persist to the present day.

Margaret Maxwell takes a close look at the education of technical ser

vices librarians in 1905, primarily by examining the published memoirs of students of the New York State Library School.140 Her prose is lively, but she neglects to address the "lady cataloger" question and fails to locate the

process of socializing technical service librarians into the profession within the context of contemporary scholarship. Alvin Schrader does a statistical

study of citations in the first twenty-four volumes of the Journal of Education

for Librarianship (1960-1984); he concludes that the quality of scholarship among library science educators has increased.141 More frequent citations,

longer papers, and collaborative authorship, he suggests, are manifesta

tions of this growth. Anne Wendler offers a superficial, sometimes historically flawed,

summary of library education in Illinois that adds no new information to the body of knowledge.142 Lawrence Clark Powell's address at the twenty

fifth anniversary celebration of the UCLA library school has been re

printed.143 In it Powell reminisces and specifically recounts Andrew Horn's role in getting the school launched. Part of Ellen Detlefsen and Thomas

Galvin's article on education for health science librarianship discusses its

history,144 and Sharon Chien Lin's article on the historical development of

library education in China touches on the influences of Americans Mary Elizabeth Wood, Harry Clemons, Charles H. Brown, and Verner Clapp.145

Acquisition and Organization

Libraries Unlimited has published two source books of important docu ments on cataloging and classification. The first, edited by Michael

Carpenter and Elaine Svenonius, covers cataloging.146 The second, edited

by Lois Chan, covers subject analysis.147 John Boll compares the pro fessional literature on cataloging in 1905 with present literature.148 While he is specific about the former period, the volume of contemporary materials

forces him to be general about the latter. John Comaromi and Mohinder




Satija look at "Indianizing" the Dewey Decimal Classification scheme over the years.149

David Smith analyzes processing services in 1905 at the Library of

Congress, when that institution was just beginning to exert a national in

fluence on librarianship. 15? Those involved with its development recognized

even then that they were building something significant. Peter Rohrback

has published a twenty-six-page pamphlet providing a cursory glance at

automation in the Library of Congress since I960.151 The author notes that

the acceleration of reliance upon automation came with the computer.

M. Lynne Neufeld and Martha Cornog provide a nice summary of data

base history in librarianship, which they identify as beginning with 1951

computer manipulation of numeric census data.152 Michael Gorman

renders a good summary of the history of online catalog at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, concentrating for the most part on who

was present at its creation in the mid-1970s.153 Leslie Morris looks at the

history of computer use in libraries by analyzing citations to the word

"computer" in Library Literature since 1921.154* She concludes that librarians

were late to recognize the value of the computer to librarianship. William

Harrington provides a brief history of computer-assisted legal research.155

In bis article he also reviews the early history of LEXIS and WESTLAW.

R. L. Warthen discusses a much talked about but perpetually problematic

goal?an Anglo-American law cataloging code.156

James Bradsher looks at the growth of the federal government records

and archives services since 1789.157 Since the 1940s, he points out, better

systems have evolved to retain and locate important articles. Gail Nelson

and John Richardson look at Adelaide Hasse's contribution to the U.S.

Superintendent of Documents Classification Scheme and see an influence

they trace to her former employer, Tessa Kelso of the Los Angeles Public

Library.158 Hasse's system was a simple plan of shelf arrangement, they

surmise, designed to address immediate problems. While most of Peter

Hernon, Charles McClure, and Gary Purcell's GPO's Depository Library

Program: A Descriptive Analysis concentrates on the present, chapter 1 ("His torical Background") does attempt to provide perspective.159 W. R. Kahles

argues that an amended depository law of 1962 shows how Congress active

ly encouraged a movement to locate federal depository libraries at academic

institutions.160 Byron Stewart provides a sound account of the efforts of the

Missouri Library Association's Subcommittee on State Documents Deposi

tory Legislation to push a bill through the legislature to establish a state

documents depository system.161 Efforts started in 1971 and succeeded in

1977. An entire issue of Serials Librarians is devoted to reviewing the past decade

in serials librarianship.162 Included in the issue are articles by Marjorie Bloss on union listing (pp. 141-148), Jim E. Cole and Olivia M. Madison



347

on serials cataloging (pp. 103-116), Martha Cornog on serials indexing

(pp. 161-168), Jean Farrington on the use of microforms (pp. 195-199), Valerie Florence on access to government periodicals in health sciences

libraries (pp. 215-223), Dan Lanier and Norman Vogt on the serials de

partment (pp. 5-11), Lenore S. Maruyama on technological developments

(pp. 68-89), Carol Mclver on the influence of AACR2 (pp. 117-127), and Frank Sadowski on serials cataloging developments (pp. 133-140).

Margaret McKinley reviews the international serials exchange program at UCLA since 1932,163 while Barbara Walden takes a favorable look at

the first decade of the periodical Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory.164

Biography

Citations to biographical works in American library history are not as

numerous as in previous literature review essays. Kevin Kiddoo briefly reviews Andrew Carnegie's role in the public library movement at the turn

of the century, but he tells us nothing new.165 Larry Sullivan, on the other

hand, provides a nicely crafted article that looks at New Yorker John Pintard (1759-1844), who participated in a variety of New York cultural,

social, and political reform activities, including efforts to organize libraries.166

By screening surviving diaries and some correspondence, Sullivan shows

Pintard's attitudes toward reading that included sympathy for the novel, the newspaper, and the periodical and a belief that libraries could uplift the

masses. Sullivan suggests that these attitudes provide sufficient reason to

reexamine consensus on nineteenth-century bourgeois reading habits.

Raymond Cunningham does a good job of tracing the record of Herbert Baxter Adams's interaction with librarianship in the last quarter of the

nineteenth century.167 He comes up with some surprising findings that

provide ample testimony to the value of research into primary source

materials. He notes how strongly Adams felt about librarianship, both

public (which he saw as a vital agency in university extension) and aca

demic (which needed to collect more primary and secondary sources in order to serve the new scientific history and the seminar method used to

deliver it). Bernard Drabeck and Helen Ellis have edited several interviews with Archibald MacLeish, some of which touch on his experiences as

Librarian of Congress.168 William Bentinck-Smith looks at Harvard's

Philip Hofer, a rare-books specialist whose interests included illuminated and calligraphic manuscripts and reference books in the history of books and printing.169 Hofer worked closely with the design, construction, and

move into the Houghton Library in the early 1940s.

Robert Martin has written an excellent article that provides the historical

background to The Geography of Reading, one of L. R. Wilson's contributions to librarianship.

17? Martin points out that Wilson was initially motivated by




a desire to substantiate the impact of the scarcity of reading materials in the South and that he drew heavily from the advice and publications of Howard

Odum, William S. Gray, and Douglas Waples. Morgan Barclay has

edited transcriptions of an interview with Houston Gwynne Jones, North Carolina state archivist (1956-1968) and director of the North Carolina

Department of Archives and History (1968-1974).171 Jones makes a good case for demonstrating the influence that North Carolina programs had on

archives practices throughout the nation. Rosemary Harrick provides a

brief biographical sketch of Neal Lowndes Edgar, a prominent serials

librarian who ended his career at Kent State.172

Robert Downs remembers Books in My Life in the fourteenth in the

Center for the Book's Viewpoint Series.173 Lawrence Clark Powell con

tinues to entertain his readers with a second volume of an autobiography that covers the twenty years since he published the first.174 Some of Powell's

most important and influential essays have been reprinted by the Univer

sity of Arizona Press in Books Are Basic, edited by John David Marshall.175

William Conway looks at the book-collecting habits of William Andrews

Clark and details how his library came to be donated to UCLA.176 Joanna Tallman's autobiography wanders.177 She summarizes her life at UCLA

and Cal Tech in the first twenty-seven pages, then spends the remainder of

the text reflecting on various incidents she thinks may be of interest to

readers. Carol June Bradley gives brief biographical sketches of ten of

America's pioneering music librarians.178

Peter Conmy continues his series of biographical sketches on prominent Catholic librarians. Since the last literature review essay, he has published

essays on Francis Mullin and Eugene Willging of the Mullen Library at

Catholic University,179 Ralph Ulveling of the Detroit Public Library,180 and Frances E. Fitzgerald, who ended his career at National Defense

University.181 Donald Dickinson has edited the Dictionary of American Book

Collectors, which provides brief biographical sketches of 359 American book

collectors who died before 1985.182 Collectors were selected on the basis of

the quality, condition, and unity of their private working collections. Each

entry begins with abbreviated vital statistics and ends with brief bibli

ographies. Sandwiched in between is a one-to-three paragraph narrative;

few sketches exceed one page. Many of these private collections, of course,

later became the founding collections for research library institutions or

parts of research library institutions.

Women in American Library History

Although she justifiably calls for more attention to the role of women in

libraries, and especially to the role of women's clubs in the establishment of

public libraries, Anne Firor Scott ignores much that has already been



349

done in a keynote address delivered at Library History Seminar VII.183

Her notes cite no basic bibliographies in American library history, which

list scores of such works. Margaret Rossiter, who delivered another key note address at the Seminar, calls attention to the women who ran scientific

libraries and compiled basic scientific reference works.184 She decries the

lack of attention paid to these women and their role and contribution to the

history of scientific communication.

Mary Niles Maack provides a useful article on the feminization of the

profession by utilizing cross-cultural research.185 Valmai Fenster has

edited a series of biographical sketches on women that originally appeared in a column entitled "Famous Wisconsin Women Librarians" (later "Out of the Stacks") appearing in the Wisconsin Women Library Workers'

Newsletter between 1978 and 1984.186 Most of the sketches are highly lauda

tory. Joan Atkinson takes a brief look at the careers of four pioneer young adult librarians?Mabel Williams and Margaret Scoggin of the New York

Public Library, Jean Roos of the Cleveland Public Library, and Margaret Edwards of Baltimore's Enoch Pratt Free Library.187 She finds several

similarities: they worked in one system for more than three decades, were

college-educated women, and were energetic, effective communicators.

James Carmichael provides a strong article on Atlanta's female librarians

between 1883 and 1915 that is based on careful analysis of primary source

materials.188 He shows that for these years librarianship in Atlanta (and

throughout most of the South because of the influence of the Adanta Li

brary School graduates) was dominated by ladies of culture and breeding who quickly abandoned the profession for marriage. Carmichael suggests that attitudes toward and library services for blacks were much more pro

gressive than in surrounding communities, perhaps even daringly liberal

considering the circumstances. Budd Gambee renders a favorable yet

balanced review of Mary Peacock Douglas, a prominent North Carolina

school library leader whose activities and writings influenced school li

brarianship far beyond the borders of the Tarheel State.189

Joanne Passet Bailey successfully dismantles the myth that the nineteenth

century academic librarian was typically an overworked male professor.

19?

By concentrating on the last quarter of the century, and by restricting her

analysis to the Midwest, she shows that by 1910 women occupied twenty percent of director's posts. She notes they were still paid less than males, but their numbers and activity show they made significant contributions to

the profession as academic librarianship went from part- to full-time.

Karen Schmidt has written a biographical article on Eleanor Wier Welch, head librarian of the Illinois State Normal University from 1929 to 1959.191 There she built collections, increased the size and quality of the staff, established a school library education program, and represented a force for academic librarianship

on campus. She was also active in the Illinois




Library Association and the AAUP. Schmidt offers solid research that puts a good dent in the "little old lady" myth. Welch was a strong, capable librarian who happened to be female at a time when that demographic detail had a severely limiting effect on professional growth.

David Taylor's descriptive history of a century of library services to

residents of Helena, Arkansas, shows the influence of club ladies, who,

through persistence and diplomacy, got a library established and helped keep it running.192 Alice Rhoades summarizes the careers of six Texas

library women in a sound article: Julia Ideson of the Houston Public

Library; Jennie Scott Scheuber of the Fort Worth Public Library; Maud

Durlin Sullivan of the El Paso Public Library; Julia Grothaus of the San

Antonio Public Library; Lilliam Gunter of the Gainesville Public and

Cooke County Libraries; and Elizabeth Howard West, who was Texas

state librarian and also librarian of the San Antonio Public and Texas

Tech Libraries.193 Claydeen Harrell provides a brief account of Kate

Hunter, an influential member of the Texas State Library and Archives

Commission between 1919 and 1927.194

General Studies

The second edition of the ALA World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services provides better coverage than the first and now represents the best

current textbook on American library history in existence.195 Students of

American library history will find much of substance here, with most of the

lengthy articles taking a historical approach. Scores of biographical sketches

supplement this broad coverage. The reader will find full-length articles on

librarianship in the United States and separate articles on types of libraries,

library associations, the theory and practice of librarianship, and library education and research.

Discriminating scholars will find Paul Dickson's The Library in America: A

Celebration in Words and Pictures of limited use because of its celebratory tone.196 The 400 pictures make the book a sound purchase, but the 40

"prose snapshots" that accompany them provide little useful information.

In a brief article Kathleen Molz provides a careful, albeit wide-ranging,

summary of library development in the United States from colonial times

to the present.197 She takes a positive perspective and accomplishes her

purpose in characteristically fine style. George Bobinski provides an over

view of the main events taking place in American library history between

1945 and 1970.198* He calls it "the Golden Age," which was preceded and

followed by a period of no growth and slow growth.

By looking at popular literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth

centuries, Rosalee McReynolds contrasts the image of the librarian re

flected there with the library profession's concern for that image.199 "By the



351

mid-1930s," she concludes, "the most significant product of this sensitivity was chagrin over the stereotype of the middle-aged spinster.'' Librarians concerned with image manifested a belief that spinsterhood was somehow

aberrant, and their concern, McReynolds believes, served "to hinder the

profession and the women in it" (p. 30)?a good article, soundly argued.

Haynes McMullen and Larry Barr provide a descriptive analysis of the

statistics surfacing from the author's award-winning study of 1,473 periodi cal articles on libraries published before 1876.20? They weigh such variables as growth of article coverage against growth of population and look at

questions such as types of libraries receiving most attention, attitudes

toward libraries evidenced in periodicals, types of periodicals in which the

articles appeared, and apparent purpose for publishing articles on libraries in the first place. Their conclusions are modest for the data they cover. The

material they cite (and from which they often quote) can tell us more about ourselves than they imply.

Rutherford Rogers's article on the recent history of library preservation

(which documents little activity prior to the late 1960s) is part of the pro

ceedings of a conference on library preservation held 29 April 1983, in

Washington, D.C.201 Lou Willett Stanek presents a nice summary of

attempts to censor Huckleberry Finn, which in 1985 was one hundred years old.202 The author notes that at the turn of the century the library com

munity was among regular censors, but does not acknowledge the role

literary canons played in librarians' decisions. Most of the remarks Virginia Holtz delivered in her 1986 Janet Doe

Lecture on the History or Philosophy of Medical Librarianship con centrate on extending to the medical library community the ideas Thomas

Kuhn expressed in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.203 But she does spend several pages reaching back to

late-nineteenth-century medical library

history to prove her point. Mark Sandler examines the Commonwealth

College Library experiment between 1925 and 1940.204 The Arkansas

college was a unique institution designed to educate workers. The Library serving the institution was, by many accounts, the most valuable, efficient

part of that institution, and the department that won a national reputation for its unique collection.

Jean Barrington provides an abbreviated discussion of the use of micro forms in libraries over the past ten years, a use that has shown only moderate

growth.205 F. William Summers renders a cursory review of the history of

library surveys in the United States, which he dates back to the 1876 special report on libraries.206 His coverage is balanced; his effort provides a useful recent summary; and his conclusions about the profession's loyalty to this

method of research are well substantiated. New Library Scene provides laudatory summary sketches of Library Binding Institute staff members over the past fifty years.207



352 L&lCIAmerican Library History, 1985-1986

Margaret Stieg continues to produce high-quality scholarship. In a soundly

researched article she discusses the historical debate over charging for library services by looking at the library faith that has conditioned the profession's response to the issue for more than a

century.208 She cites numerous authori

ties to demonstrate that the profession has not been consistent in its stance

and that there is ample reason constantly

to reanalyze the issue. Andrew

McClary provides a useful summary of the occasional public scares that

have suggested that library books spread infectious diseases.209 Clifton Foster recounts the microfilming activities of the Historical

Records Survey between 1935 and 1942 and compliments the federal

government for funding it.210 Joseph Wilson provides a brief history of the

survey in Illinois, which was part of an American Imprints Inventory

designed to employ white-collar workers.211 He acknowledges that not

much came from the project in published form, but it did spark Illinoisans

to find local imprints and identify them for future retrieval. Maurice York

looks at the Survey in North Carolina, which also failed to complete its

checklist.212 Here, however, York traces failure to different circumstances.

Survey leader Charles Crittendon was more interested in archival in

ventories; UNC North Carolina collection librarian Mary Lindsay Thorn

ton was already working on a bibliography of state publications; and

World War II diverted attention away from the project.

Mary Niles Maack traces the influences of American library practice on

French public librarianship between 1900 and 1950.213 She finds parallels in the development of library education, the creation of author-tide catalogs,

and the use of the Dewey Decimal Classification system. Much of this

influence Maack traces to the model Paris Library School and to Jessie

Carson, who helped set up several libraries in World War I. Haig Bos

majian has compiled a collection of opinions involving censorship in li

braries that date back to 1929.214* Most of those reprinted here were decided

in the last twenty years. A foreword by Nat Hentoff is moving; an introduc

tion by Bosmajian is useful.

The architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White was responsible for

designing such significant library buildings as the Boston Public, the Low

Library at Columbia, and the J. Pierpont Morgan Library in New York. In

1983 Leland Roth215* and Richard Guy Wilson both published books on the

firm.216* Wilson's book also includes pictures of the Howard Whittmore

Memorial Library in Naugatuck, Connecticut, and the University Club of

New York, for which McKim, Mead & White designed an attractive library.

Unpublished Dissertations

Doctoral dissertations represent valuable contributions to our growing

body of knowledge and deserve closer scrutiny from all library historians.



353

The following have been listed as completed dissertations covering some

aspect of American library history that were accepted in 1985 or 1986

(and some issued in 1984 that were missed in the previous literature re

view essay) as part of the requirements for awarding the doctoral degree: Arnold, Edmond. "The American Geographical Society Library, Map

and Photographical Collection: A History, 1951-1978," Ph.D. diss.,

University of Pittsburgh, 1985.

Burnett, Dorothy. "Black Studies Departments and Afro-American Li

brary Collections at Two Predominantly White Universities: A Com

parative Analysis," Ph.D. diss., University of Pittsburgh, 1984.

DeNunccio, Jerome D. "

'A Testimony of My Innocency': The Literacy Dimensions of Robert Keayne's Last Will and Testament, 1653," Ph.D.

diss., University of Minnesota, 1986.

Desjarlais-Leuth, Christine. "Brown University and Its Library: A Study of the Beginnings of an Academic Library," Ph.D. diss., University of

Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1985.

Harris, Violet J. "The Brownies' Book: Challenge to the Selective Tradition

in Children's Literature," Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1986.

Jarred, Ada D. "Patterns of Growth in Academic Libraries of Four-Year,

State-Supported Institutions of Louisiana and South Carolina, 1960 1979: A Comparative Study," Ph.D. diss., Texas Woman's University, 1985.

Murray, Mary B. "An Evaluative Survey of the Journal Literature on

Community/Junior College Libraries and Learning Resources Centers:

1965-1983," Ph.D. diss., Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 1985.

Neavill, Gordon Barrick. "The Modern Library Series," Ph.D. diss.,

University of Chicago, 1984.

O'Connor, Thomas Frederick. "The Yale University Library, 1865-1931," Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1984.

Overmier, Judith A. "Scientific Rare Book Collections in Academic and Research Libraries in Twentieth Century America," Ph.D. Diss.,

University of Minnesota, 1985.

Palmer, Pamela R. "Graduate Education of Academic Librarians," Ph.D. diss., Memphis State University, 1985.

Roberts, Francis Xavier. "The Growth and Development of the Libraries of the University of Buffalo, 1846-1960," Ph.D. diss., State University of New York at Buffalo, 1986.

Schorsch, Anita, A. "A Library in America, 1758 to 1858," Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1986.

Tucker, Phillip H. "Public Elementary and Secondary School Library Development in Missouri, 1945-1980," Ph.D. diss., Southern Illinois

University, Carbondale, 1986.




Waldo, Michael J. "A Comparative Analysis of Nineteenth-Century Academic and Literary Society Library Collections in the Midwest," Ph.D. diss., Indiana University, 1985.

Summary

American library historians continue to make progress in closing im

portant gaps in the record of American library history and in recent years have been receiving help from members of Clio's craft working in related

areas. Although practicing library history scholars show increased willing ness toward critical analysis of the events and individuals populating li

brarianship's past, more is necessary. Quality scholarship remains the

highest priority.

Notes

Abbreviations Used

AA American Archivist

ABBW AB Bookman's Weekly AdL Advances in Librarianship AL American Libraries

ArkL Arkansas Libraries

BASIS Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science

BHR Business History Review

Bk Bookmark

BMLA Bulletin of the Medical Library Association

CLW Catholic Library World DH Delaware History

DLQ Drexel Library Quarterly EF Ethnic Forum

EIHC Essex Institute Historical Collections

GL Georgia Librarian GPR Government Publications Review

HLB Harvard Library Bulletin

HMPEC Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church

HWJ History Workshop Journal I A Italian Americana

IFLA J IFLA Journal IL Illinois Libraries

ILR International Library Review

ITL Information Technology and Libraries

J ELIS Journal of Education for Library and Information Science

JIS Journal of Information Science

JLH Journal of Library History KL Kentucky Libraries

LA Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory



355

LCUTA Library Chronicle of the University of Texas at Austin

LJ Library Journal LL Law Librarian

LLJ Law Library Journal LQ Library Quarterly

LRSQ Legal Reference Service Quarterly LRTS Library Resources and Technical Services

LT Library Trends

MA Midwestern Archivist

NCL North Carolina Libraries

NLS New Library Scene

PNLA Q PNLA Quarterly RH Rochester History RL Reference Librarian

RQ Reference Quarterly SAR Studies in the American Renaissance

SCHM South Carolina Historical Magazine SL Serials Librarian

SLJ School Library Journal SML Show-Me Libraries

SpL Special Libraries SR Serials Review

TL Texas Libraries

TN Top of the News

TSQ Technical Services Quarterly

UlOcPap University of Illinois Occasional Papers Series

WLB Wilson Library Bulletin WLR Wyoming Library Round-Up WPHM Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine YULG Yale University Library Gazette

1. Doris Cruger Dale (comp.), A Directory of Oral History Tapes of Librarians in the

United States and Canada (Chicago: American Library Association, 1986). 2. Richard J. Cox and Anne S. K. Turkos, "Establishing Public Library

Archives,"/ZJ/ 21 (1986): 574-584. 3. Michael H. Harris, "State, Class and Cultural Reproduction: Toward a

Theory of Library Service in the United States," AdL 14 (1986): 211-252. The first

part of this essay abbreviates arguments more elaborately outlined in an article

cited in note 136.

4. W. Boyd Rayward, "Library and Information Science: An Historical Per

spective, "JLH 20 (1985): 120-136. 5. H. Curtis Wright, "Shera as a Bridge between Librarianship and Informa

tion Science, "JLH 20 (1985): 137-156. 6. Francis Miksa, "Machlup's Categories of Knowledge as a Framework for

Viewing Library and Information Science, "JLH 20 (1985): 157-172. 7. Robert M. Hayes, "The History of Library and Information Science: A

Commentary, "JLH 20 (1985): 173-178. 8. John P. Feather, "The Book in History and the History of the Book," JLH

21 (1986): 12-26. This and other conference presentations can also be found in a

volume of conference proceedings. See Donald G. Davis, Jr. (ed.), Libraries, Books & Culture: Proceedings of Library History Seminar VII, 6-8 March 1985, Chapel Hill, North




Carolina (Austin: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Texas at Austin, 1986).

9. David D. Hall, "The History of the Book: New Questions? New Answers?"

JLH 21 (1986): 27-38. 10. John C. Van Home (ed.), Religious Philanthropy and Colonial Slavery: The Ameri

can Correspondence of the Associates of Dr. Bray, 1717-1777 (Urbana: University of Illinois

Press, 1985). 11. Jack P.Greene (ed.), The Intellectual Heritage of the Constitutional Era: The Dele

gates' Library (Philadelphia: Library Company of Philadelphia, 1986). 12. James C Baughman, "Sense Is Preferable to Sound," LJ 111 (1986): 42-44.

13. Roberta Copp, "South Carolina Library Societies, 1800-1900: The Founda

tion of South Carolina's Public Library System," SCL 30 (1986): 17-25. 14. John C. Colson, "The Fire Company Library Associations of Baltimore,

1838-1858," JLH 21 (1986): 158-176. 15. Joseph Lawrence Yeatman, "Literary Culture and the Role of Libraries

in Democratic America: Baltimore, 1815-1840," JLH 20 (1985): 345-367. 16. C Haynes McMullen, "The Very Slow Decline of the American Social

Library," LQ 55 (1985): 207-225. 17. Blake McKelvey, "Rochester's Library and Book Clubs: Their Origins,

Programs and Accomplishments," RH 48 (1986): 3-19.

18. Barbara W. Stanley, Century One: A Centennial History of the Rye Free Reading

Room, 1884-1984 (Rye, N.Y.: Rye Free Reading Room, 1984). 19. Philip B. Eppard, "The Rental Library in Twentieth-Century America,"

JLH 21 (1986): 240-252. 20. Louise Chipley, "The Enlightenment Library of William Bentley," EIHC

122 (1986): 2-29. 21. Bruce M. Stephens, "Icons of Learning: William Bentley's Library and

Allegheny College," WPHM 69 (1986): 138-151. 22. Robert G. Anthony, "Restoring a Historic Early Nineteenth Century Li

brary," ABBW 77 (1986): 2938-2942. 23. Leonard A. Coombs and Francis X. Blouin, Jr. (eds.), Intellectual Life on

the Michigan Frontier: The Libraries of Gabriel Richard & John Montieth (Ann Arbor:

Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, 1985). 24. Alan Gribben, "Private Libraries of American Authors: Dispersal, Custody,

and Description," JLH 21 (1986): 300-314.

25. Arthur F. Kinney (ed.), Flannery O'Connor's Library: Resources of Being (Athens:

University of Georgia Press, 1985). 26. Walter Harding, "A New Checklist of the Books in Henry David Thoreau's

Library," SAR (1983): 151-186. 27. Sarah J. Miller, "Government Publications in the Private Collections of

Nineteenth Century America: A Century-Long Source of Federal Document Hold

ings in Libraries," GPR 13 (1986): 355-370. 28. John Powell, "My Father's Library," WLB 60 (1986): 35-37. 29. Larry Peterson, "The Intellectual World of the IWW: An American Worker's

Library in the First Half of the 20th Century," HWJ 22 (1986): 153-172. 30. Theodore Schuchat, The Library Book (Seattle: Medrona Publishers, 1985). 31. William F. Birdsall, "Community, Individualism, and the American Public

Library," LJ 110 (1985): 21-24. 32. Robert V. Williams, "Public Library Development in the United States,

1850-1870: An Empirical Analysis, "JLH 21 (1986): 177-201.



357

33. Stephen E. James, "The Relationship between Local Economic Conditions

and the Use of Public Libraries," LQ 55 (1985): 255-272. 34. Kathleen Weibel, "The Evolution of Library Outreach (1960-1975) and

Its Effect on Reader Services," UlOcPap 156 (1982). 35. Esther J. Carrier, Fiction in Public Libraries, 1900-1950 (Littleton, Colo:

Libraries Unlimited, 1985). 36. Joseph B. Rounds, The Time Was Right: A History of Buffalo and Erie County

Public Library, 1940-1975 (Buffalo, N.Y.: Grosvenor Society, 1985). 37. Ruth Rosenberg-Naparsteck, "The Role of the Library?Public Service,"

#7/48(1986): 20-31. 38. Clara E. Breed, Turning the Pages: San Diego Public Library History, 1882-1982

(San Diego: Friends of the San Diego Public Library, 1983). 39. Garland Perry, "Andrew Carnegie: Santa Claus of Texas Public Libraries,"

TL 46 (1985): 23-27. 40. M. Wilkinson, "Experience of a Field Worker in Platte County in the Early

1900s," WLR 51 (1986): 50-53. 41. Jack D. Hess, "Childhood Memories of Books, Libraries and Librarians,"

TN 43 (1986): 87-96. 42. Shelley G. McNamara, "Early Public Library Work with Children," TN

43 (1986): 59-72. 43. Margaret E. Monroe, "The Evolution of Literacy Programs in the Context

of Library Adult Education," LT 35 (1986): 197-205. 44. Jacquette Reboul, Les cathedrales du savoir ou les bibliotheques universitaires de

recherche aux Etats-Unis (Paris: Pub. de la Sorbonne, 1982). 45. Gemma DeVinney, "Academic Librarians and Academic Freedom in the

United States: A History and Analysis," Libri 36 (1986): 24-39. 46. David Kaser, "The American Academic Library Building, 1870-1890,"

JLH 21 (1986): 60-71. 47. Kenneth E. Carpenter, The First 350 Years of the Harvard University Library:

Description of An Exhibition (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Library, 1986). 48. Donald Gallup, "The Ezra Pound Archives at Yale," YULG 60 (1986):

161-177.

49. Aloysius A. Norton, A History of the United States Military Academy Library

(Wayne, N.J.: Avery Publishing Group, 1986). 50. Janice C. Fennell, "Libraries Are Not Made, They Grow: An Historical

Perspective on the Georgia College Library," GL 22 (1985): 62-64.

51. Jean Price, "A History of the Georgia Tech Library," GL 23 (1986): 98-102.

52. James H. Conrad, "A History of the James G. Gee Library," TL 47 (1986): 80-86.

53. Larry L. Hardesty, John P. Schmitt, and John Mark Tucker (comps.), User

Instruction in Academic Libraries: A Century of Selected Readings (Metuchen, N.J.: Scare crow Press, 1986).

54. Carol Tenopir, "Characteristics of Corporations That Founded Libraries:

1910-1921," SL 76 (1985): 43-52. 55. Wayne A. Wiegand, "The Historical Development of State Library Agen

cies," in Charles R. McClure (ed.), State Library Services and Issues: Facing Future

Challenges (Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing, 1986), pp. 1-16.

56. Bettye Collier-Thomas, "Towards Black Feminism: The Creation of the

Bethune Museum-Archives," in Suzanne Hildenbrand (ed.), Women's Collections:

Libraries, Archives, and Consciousness (New York: Haworth Press, 1986), pp. 43-66.



358 LScC/American Library History, 1985-1986

57. Kenneth Haftertepe, America's Castle: The Evolution of the Smithsonian Building and Its Institution, 1840-1878 (Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution, 1984).

58. John B. Blake, "From Surgeon-General's Bookshelf to National Library of Medicine: A Brief History," BMLA 74 (1986): 318-324.

59. Edwin Wolf 2nd, "Frustration and Benjamin Franklin's Medical Books," in Randolph Shipley Klein (ed.), Science and Society in Early America: Essays in Honor

of Whitfield J. Bell (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1986), pp. 57-91. 60. Rudolph Hirsch (ed.), A Catalogue of the Manuscripts and Archives of the Library

of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983).

61. Stephen Parks (comp.), The Elizabethan Club of Yale University and Its Library

(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986). 62. Patricia M. King, "Forty Years of Collecting on Women: The Arthur and

Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, Radcliffe

College," In Hildenbrand (ed.), Women's Collections: Libraries, Archives, and Con

sciousness, pp. 75-100.

63. Ruth R. Rogers, "The Kress Library of Business and Economics," BHR

60 (1986): 281-288. 64. Florence Bartoshesky, "Business Records at the Harvard Business School,"

BHR 59 (1985): 475-483. 65. Thomas P. Slavens, A Great Library through Gifts (New York: K. G. Sauer,

1986). 66. David Van Zanten, "The Lenox Library: What Hunt Did and Did Not

Learn in France," in Susan R. Stein (ed.), The Architecture of Richard Morris Hunt

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), pp. 90-106.

67. Deirdre E. Lawrence, "

A History of the Brooklyn Museum Libraries,"

Bk 43 (1985): 92-93. 68. Paul Cohen, "Columbia I: Castles, Skyscrapers, and the Charles V. Paterno

Library," IA 8(1986): 9-14.

69. Aime Atlas, "Half a Century of Library Service at Pilgrim Psychiatric

Center, 1935-1985," Bk 44 (1986): 99-103.

70. Juozas Kriauciunas, "ALKA Preserves Material of Lithuanian Culture,"

Lituanus 32 (1986): 67-74. 71. Ruth C. Linton, "A Heritage of Books: Selections from the Nemours Li

brary," DH 21 (1985): 197-216. 72. Michael Nash, "Business History at the Hagley Museum and Library,"

BHR 60 (1986): 104-120. 73. A. W. Cornwall, "The Tower Room of St. Paul's Church, Winston-Salem,

N.C," HMPEC53 (1984): 335-338. 74. Anne K. Donato and Harlan Greene, "The Waring Historical Library

Manuscript Guide," SCHM 86 (1985): 128-152. 75. Kenneth Noe, "The Vision and the Reality: A History of the KDLA,"

KL 49 (1985): 2-8. 76. Audrey L. Berkley, "The Library of the St. Louis Society for Medical and

Scientific Education," SML 36 (1985): 27-29. 77. Philip A. Metzger, "A Circulating Library in the Southwest: J. S. Penn

in Austin, Texas," JLH 21 (1986): 228-239. 78. Brian Aveney, "The Mechanic's Institute Library: A San Francisco Treat,"

WLB 61 (1986): 23-25. 79. Richard Reilly, A Promise Kept: The Story of the James S. Copley Library (La Jolla,

Cal.: Copley Press, 1983).



359

80. George B. Davis, "The raison d'etre for Library Service to Institutional

Populations," Bk 44 (1986): 94-95.

81. Taylor E. Hubbard (ed.), Research Libraries: The Past Twenty-Five Years, The

Next Twenty-Five Years: Papers for a Festschrift Honoring L. W. Anderson, Director of

Libraries, Colorado State University (Boulder: Colorado Associated University Press,

1986). 82. Robert E. Molyneux, The Gerould Statistics, 1907/08-1961/62 (Chicago:

Association of Research Libraries, 1986). 83. Jane Rosenberg, "Foundation for Service: The 1896 Hearings on the Library

of Congress, "JLH 21 (1986): 107-130. 84. Jacqueline Goggin, "Carter G. Woodson and the Collection of Source

Materials for Afro-American History," AA 48 (1985): 261-271.

85. Timothy Walch (ed.), Guardian of Heritage (Washington, D.C: National

Archives and Records Administration, 1985). 86. Robert M. Warner, "The National Archives at Fifty," MA 10 (1985):

25-32. See also Robert M. Warner, "The National Archives at Fifty," GPR 13

(1986): 249-255. 87. Page Putnam Miller, "National Archives Fiftieth Anniversary: Independence

and Prospects for the Future," GPR 12 (1985): 411-419.

88. Trudy Huskamp Peterson, "The National Archives and the Archival Theo

rist Revisited, 1954-1984," AA 49 (1986): 125-133. 89. R. Joseph Anderson, "Building a Multi-Ethnic Collection: The Research

Library of the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies," EF 5 (1985): 7-19. 90. Henry Reed Hope, The New York Public Library: Its Architecture and Decoration

(New York: W. W. Norton, 1986). 91. Lola L. Szladits, Brothers: The Origins of the Henry W. and the Albert A. Berg

Collections of English and American Literature (New York: New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations, 1985).

92. The Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Columbia University: Collections and

Treasures (New York: Columbia University Libraries, 1985). 93. Gail P. Hueting, "Alvaro-Agustin de Liano and His Books in Leopold von

Ranke's Library," Courier 20 (1985): 31-48.

94. Robert G. Gregory, "The Development of the Eastern African Collection at Syracuse University," Courier 19 (1984): 29-59.

95. Carol D. McKinley, "

A National Resource: The New England Legacy of Isaiah Thomas," ABBW 78 (1986): 1860-1871.

96. Jean S. Gottlieb, "History of Science at the Newberry Library: A Hidden Treasure Revealed," SpL 77 (1986): 36-43.

97. Cecil K. Byrd (proj. ed.) and Carla DeFord (ed.), The Lilly Library: The

First Quarter Century, 1960-1985 (Bloomington: Indiana University Library, 1985). 98. Warren Roberts, "D. H. Lawrence at Texas: A Memoir," LCUTA 34

(1986): 22-37. 99. Lamar Lentz, "The Parsons Collection Revisited," LCUTA 30 (1985):

72-81.

100. Peter Duignan (ed.), The Library of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (Stanford, Cal.: Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 1985).

101. Wayne A. Wiegand, Politics of an Emerging Profession: The American Library Association, 1876-1917 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986).

102. Gary E. Kraske, Missionaries of the Book: The American Library Profession and the Origins of United States Cultural Diplomacy (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press,

1985).



360 IJkCIAmerican Library History, 1985-1986

103. Rosemary DuMont, "Race in American Librarianship: Attitudes of the

Library Profession," JLH 21 (1986): 488-509. 104. Daniel F. Ring, "Two Cultures: Libraries, the Unions, and the 'Case'

of the Jefferson School of Social Science, "JLH 20 (1985): 287-301. 105. Jean E. Coleman, "ALA's Role in Adult and Literacy Education," LT

35 (1986): 207-217. 106. Claire K. Schultz, "ASIS Meetings: What Can We Learn From History?"

BASIS 11 (1985): 10-12. 107. Howard W. Winger, "AALL Publishing in the Fifties: Predecessors of

JEL," JELIS 25 (1985): 245-261. 108. Tillie Krieger, "RQ. 1960-1985," RQ25 (1985): 121-136. 109. Wayne A. Wiegand, "Library Politics and the Organization of the Biblio

graphical Society of America," JLH 21 (1986): 131-157. 110. William K. Beatty, "The Bright Thread: The Bulletin's 75th Anniversary,"

BMLA 74 (1986): 191-204. 111. Pat A. Molholt, "Special Report on SLA: A Seventy-fifth Anniversary

Historical Review," In Robert Wedgeworth (ed.), The ALA Yearbook of Library and Information Services, vol. 9, 1984 (Chicago: American Library Association, 1984),

pp. 278-279.

112. Adolf Sprudzs, "The International Association of Law Libraries and Its

25 Years of Activities," LL 15 (1984): 50-53. 113. Arturo Torres, "The Social Responsibility Movement among Law Librari

ans: The Debate Revisited," LL/78 (1986): 405-424. 114. Perry D. Morrison, "Fifty Years of PNLA Q?A Personal View: In Memory

of Daniel Newberry, 1936-1986; Editor, 1979-1982," PNLAQ51 (1986): 20-27. 115. Richard E. Moore, "PNLA, 1959-1984: A Chronology of Events to

Commemorate 75 Years of Library Cooperation in the Pacific Northwest, "PNLA Q 49 (1985): 5-13.

116. Bob Razer, "A History of the Arkansas Library Association," ArkL 43

(1986): 6-15. 117. Bob Razer, "A Chapter in Arkansas Library History: When the American

Library Association Came to Arkansas," ArkL 43 (1986): 23-31.

118. Bob Razer and Valerie Thwing, "

A Chapter in Arkansas Library History: Cecil Edmonds and Operation Library," ArkL 43 (1986): 33-43.

119. George N. Hartje, "Missouri Library Association, 1975-1985," SML

37 (1985): 15-19. 120. Donald F. Jay, "The History and Activities of the International Relations

Roundtable: A Report to the International Relations Assembly," Leads 22 (1980):

5, 8-9.

121. Robert Wedgeworth, "IFLA, 1933-1985: A U.S. Perspective," in Julia

Moore (ed.), The Bowker Annual of Library & Book Trade Information (30th ed, New

York: R. R. Bowker, 1985), pp. 102-106.

122. Edward G. Holley, "One Hundred Years of Progress: The Growth and

Development of Library Education," in Roger Parent (ed.), ALA Yearbook of Library

and Information Services, 1986 (Chicago: American Library Association, 1986),

pp. 23-28.

123. C. Haynes McMullen, "Library Education: A Mini-History: What Hath

Dewey's Daring Venture Wrought?" AL 17 (1986): 406-407 + .

124. Peggy Sullivan, "ALA and Library Education: A Century of Changing

Roles and Actors, Shifting Scenes and Plots," JELIS 26 (1986): 143-153.



361

125. Robert V. Williams and Martha Jane K. Zachert, "Specialization in Li

brary Education: A Review of the Trends and Issues,"JELIS 26 (1986): 215-232. 126. Rosemary Ruhig DuMont, "The Educating of Black Librarians: An

Historical Perspective," JELIS 26 (1986): 233-249. 127. John V. Richardson, Jr., "Paradigmatic Shifts in the Teaching of Govern

ment Publications, 1895-1985," JELIS 26 (1986): 249-266. 128. Wayne A. Wiegand, "Perspectives on Library Education in the Context

of Recently Published Literature on the History of Professions, "JELIS 26 (1986); 267-280.

129. Francis L. Miksa, "Melvil Dewey: The Professional Educator and His

Heirs," LT34 (1986): 359-382. 130. Wayne A. Wiegand, "The Socialization of Library and Information

Science Students: Reflections on a Century of Formal Education for Librarian

ship," Z,r 34 (1986): 383-400. 131. Mary Niles Maack, "Women in Library Education: Down the Up Stair

case," LT34 (1986): 401-432. 132. William L. Williamson, "A Century of Students," LT34(1986): 433-450.

133. Laurel A. Grotzinger, "Curriculum and Teaching Styles: Evolution of

Pedagogical Patterns," LT34 (1986): 451-468. 134. Philip A. Metzger, "An Overview of the History of Library Science Teach

ing Materials," Z,r 34 (1986): 469-488.

135. Elizabeth W. Stone, "The Growth of Continuing Education," LT 34

(1986): 489-514. 136. Michael H. Harris, "The Dialectic of Defeat: Antimonies [sic] in Research

in Library and Information Science," LT 34 (1986): 515-531.

137. Mary Biggs, "Who/What/Why Should a Library Educator Be?" JELIS 25

(1985): 262-278. 138. W. Boyd Rayward, "Research and Education for Library and Information

Science: Waples in Retrospect," LQ 56 (1986): 348-359. 139. William C. Robinson, "Time Present and Time Past," JELIS 26 (1985):

79-95.

140. Margaret Maxwell, "'A Most Necessary Discipline': The Education of

Technical Services Librarians," LRTS 29 (1985): 239-247.

141. Alvin M. Schrader, "A Bibliometric Study of JEL, 1960-1984," JELIS 25

(1985): 279-300. 142. Anne Wendler, "The Development of Library Education in Illinois,"

IL 67 (1985): 432-435. 143. Lawrence Clark Powell, The UCLA Graduate School of Library and Information

Science: Its Origins and Founding (Los Angeles: UCLA Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1985).

144. Ellen Gay Detlefsen and Thomas J. Galvin, "Education for Health Sci

ences/Biomedical Librarianship: Past, Present, Future," BMLA 74 (1986): 148-153.

145. Sharon Chien Lin, "Historical Development of Library Education In

China, "JLH 20 (1985): 368-386. 146. Michael Carpenter and Elaine Svenonius (eds.), Foundations of Cataloging:

A Sourcebook (Litdeton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1985). 147. Lois Mai Chan (ed.), Theory of Subject Analysis: A Sourcebook (Littleton, Colo.:

Libraries Unlimited, 1986). 148. John J. Boll, "Professional Literature on Cataloging?Then and Now,"

LRTS 29 (1985): 226-238.



362 h&C/American Library History, 1985-1986

149. John P. Comaromi and Mohinder P. Satija, "History of the Indianization

of the Dewey Decimal Classification," Libri 35 (1985): 1-20. 150. David A. Smith, "Processing Services 1905: Putting the Library's House

in Order and the Country's Cataloging in Gear," LRTS (1985): 248-263.

151. Peter T. Rohrback, FIND: Automation at the Library of Congress; The First

Twenty-Five Years (Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985). 152. M. Lynne Neufeld and Martha Cornog, "Database History: From Dino

saurs to Compact Discs," JASIS 37 (1986): 183-190. 153. Michael Gorman, "The Online Catalogue at the University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign: A History and Overview," ITL 4 (1985): 308-311.

154. Leslie Morris, "The History of Computer Use in Libraries Based on

Bibliographic Inferences," JIS 9 (1984): J29-132. 155. William G. Harrington, "A Brief History of Computer-Assisted Legal

Research," LLJ 11 (1985): 543-556. 156. R. L. Warthen, "The Non-emergence of the Anglo-American Law Code,"

LRSQ 6 (1986): 129-161. 157. James Gregory Bradsher, "A Brief History of the Growth of Federal Govern

ment Records, Archives and Information, 1789-1985," GPR 13 (1986): 491-500.

158. Gail K. Nelson and John V. Richardson, "Adelaide Hasse and the Early

History of the U.S. Superintendent of Documents Classification Scheme," GPR

13 (1986): 79-96. 159. Peter Hernon, Charles R. McClure, and Gary R. Purcell, GPO's Depository

Library Program: A Descriptive Analysis (Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing, 1985). 160. W. R. Kahles, "Congress, Higher Education, and the U.S. Federal De

pository Program," GPR 13 (1986): 233-242. 161. Byron Stewart, "The Development of the Missouri Documents Depository

System: 1971-1977," GPR 12 (1985): 321-344. 162. SL 10 (1985-1986): entire issue.

163. Margaret McKinley, "The Exchange Program at UCLA: 1932 through

1986," SR 12 (1986): 75-80. 164. Barbara Walden, "LAPT at Ten," LAPT 10 (1986): 3-7.

165. Kevin Kiddoo, "Andrew Carnegie and the Library Movement," ABBW

76 (1985): 64-68. 166. Larry E. Sullivan, "Books, Power, and the Development of Libraries in the

New Republic: The Prison and Other Journals of John Pintard of New York,"

JLH 21 (1986): 407-424. 167. Raymond Cunningham, "Historian among Librarians: Herbert Baxter

Adams and Modern Librarianship," JLH 21 (1986): 704-722. 168. Bernard A. Drabeck and Helen E. Ellis (eds.), Archibald MacLeish: Reflections

(Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 1986). 169. William Bentinck-Smith, "Prince of the Eye: Philip Hofer and the Harvard

Library," HLB 32 (1984): 317-347. 170. Robert Sidney Martin, "Louis Round Wilson's Geography of Reading: An

Inquiry into Its Origins, Development, and Impact,"/L# 21 (1986): 425-444.

171. Morgan J. Barclay (ed.), "North Carolina Archival Program?A Tradition

of Excellence," NCL 43 (1985): 98-107. 172. Rosemary D. Harrick, "Neal Lowndes Edgar, 1927-1983," TSQ3 (1985

1986): 141-144. 173. Robert D. Downs, Books In My Life (Washington, D.C: Center for the

Book, Library of Congress, 1985).



363

174. Lawrence Clark Powell, Life Goes On: Twenty More Years of Fortune and Friend

ship (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1986). 175. John David Marshall (ed.), Books Are Basic: The Essential Lawrence Clark

Powell (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985). 176. William E. Conway, "Books, Bricks, and Copper: Clark and His Library/'

in William E. Conway and Robert Stevenson (eds.), William Andrews Clark, Jr.: His Cultural Legacy, Papers Read At a Clark Library Seminar, 7 November 1981 (Los

Angeles: William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, Los Angeles, 1985), pp. 3-27.

177. Joanna E. Tallman, Check Out a Librarian (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow

Press, 1985). 178. Carol June Bradley, "Notes of Some Pioneers: America's First Music

Librarians," Notes 43 (1986): 272-291.

179. Peter T. Conmy, "The Ultimate Professionalization of the Catholic Univer

sity Library: Father Mullin and Eugene Willging," CLW56 (1985): 416-418. 180. Peter T. Conmy, "Ralph Adrian Ulveling, 1902-1980," CLW56 (1985):

66-68.

181. Peter T. Conmy, "Frances Emmett Fitzgerald, 1901-1961: Librarian of

Many Parts," CLW57 (1986): 205-207. 182. Donald C. Dickinson (ed.), Dictionary of American Book Collectors (Westport,

Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986). 183. Anne Firor Scott, "Women and Libraries," JLH 21 (1986): 400-405.

184. Margaret W. Rossiter, "Women and the History of Scientific Communica

tion," JLH 21 (1986): 39-59. 185. Mary Niles Maack, "Comparative Methodology as a Means for Assessing

the Impact of Feminization and Professionalization on Librarianship," ILR (1985):

5-16.

186. Valmai Fenster, Out of the Stacks: Notable Wisconsin Women Librarians (Madi son: Wisconsin Women Library Workers, 1985).

187. Joan Atkinson, "Pioneers in Public Library Service to Young Adults," TN 43 (1986): 27-44.

188. James V. Carmichael, "Atlanta's Female Librarians, 1883-1915," JLH 21

(1986): 376-399. 189. Budd L. Gambee, "A Firm Persuasion: The Career of Mary Peacock

Douglas," NCL 43 (1985): 72-86. 190. Joanne Passet Bailey,

" 'The Rule Rather Than the Exception': Midwest

Women as Academic Librarians, 1875-1900," JLH 21 (1986): 673-692. 191. Karen A. Schmidt, "Deucedly Independent: A Bibliographical Overview

of the Library Career of Eleanor Weir Welch," LQ55 (1985): 300-315. 192. David Taylor, "Ladies of the Club: An Arkansas Story," WLB 59 (1985):

324-327.

193. Alice J. Rhoades, "Early Women Librarians in Texas," TL 47 (1986): 46-53.

194. Claydeen Harrell, "Kate Hunter: Palestine's Guardian Angel," TL 47

(1986): 78-79. 195. Robert Wedgeworth (ed.), ALA World Encyclopedia of Library and Information

Services (Chicago: American Library Association, 1986). 196. Paul Dickson, The Library in America: A Celebration in Words and Pictures (New

York: Facts on File, 1986). 197. R. Kathleen Molz, "From the Territorial Frontier to the Frontier of Sci

ence: Library Service in the United States of America," IFLA J 11 (1985): 91-105.




198. George Bobinski, "The Golden Age of American Librarianship," WLB

58 (1984): 338-344. 199. Rosalee McReynolds, "A Heritage Dismissed," LJ 110 (1985): 25-31.

200. Haynes McMullen and Larry J. Barr, "The Treatment of Libraries in

Periodicals Published in the United States before 1876," JLH 21 (1986): 641-672. 201. Rutherford D. Rogers, "Library Preservation: Its Scope, History, and

Importance," in Jan Merrell-Oldham and Merrily Smith (eds.), The Library Preser

vation Program: Models, Priorities, Possibilities (Chicago: American Library Associa

tion, 1985), pp. 7-18.

202. Lou Willett Stanek, "Huck Finn: 100 Years of Durn Fool Problems,"

SLJ 31 (1985): 19-22. 203. Virginia Holtz, "Measures of Excellence: The Search for the Gold Stan

dard," BMLA 74 (1986): 305-314. 204. Mark Sandler, "Workers Must Read: The Commonwealth College Li

brary, 1925-1940," JLH 20 (1985): 46-69. 205. Jean W. Barrington, "The Use of Microforms in Libraries: Concerns of

the Last Ten Years," SL 10 (1985): 195-199. 206. F. William Summers, "History and Development of the Survey Model for

Planning," DLQ21 (1985): 33-44. 207. "Library Binding Institute, 1935-1985: Focus on People in LBI's 50

Years," NLS 4 (1985): 9-12.

208. Margaret F. Stieg, "Fee vs. Free in Historical Perspective," RL 12 (1985): 93-103.

209. Andrew McClary, "Beware the Deadly Books: A Forgotten Episode in

Library History," JLH 20 (1985): 427-433. 210. Clifton Dale Foster, "Microfilming Activities of the Historical Records

Survey, 1935-1942," AA 48 (1985): 45-55. 211. Joseph Wilson, "The American Imprints Inventory in Illinois," LQ 56

(1986): 303-315. 212. Maurice C. York, "The American Imprints Inventory in North Carolina,"

NCL 43 (1985): 87-97. 213. Mary Niles Maack, "Americans in France: Cross-Cultural Exchange and

the Diffusion of Innovations," JLH 21 (1986): 315-333.

214. Haig A. Bosmajian (comp.), Censorship, Libraries, and the Law (New York:

Neal-Schuman, 1983). 215. Leland M. Roth, McKim, Mead & White, Architects (New York: Harper and

Row, 1983). 216. Richard Guy Wilson, McKim, Mead & White, Architects (New York: Rizzalli

International Publishers, 1983).

