the life-span perspective - nipissing university · pdf filethe life-span perspective...
TRANSCRIPT
The Life-Span Perspective
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
The Life-Span Perspective
What is Life-Span Development?
Historical Perspectives on Life-Span Development
Characteristics of the Life-Span Perspective
Some Contemporary Concerns
Developmental Psychology
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
What is Life‐Span Development?
The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life cycle.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
What is LifeWhat is Life--Span Development?Span Development?
Lifespan DevelopmentThroughout our lives, we develop in many different ways.
What kinds of changes have you experienced in the past 15 years?What kinds of changes do you expect to experience in the next 15 years?
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
What is LifeWhat is Life--Span Development?Span Development?
Why Study Development?To better understand:
the lives of those around you.your own life as a child, adolescent, & young adult.the development you will experience in your future.The impact of illness/disability on the lives of your patients and families
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
What is LifeWhat is Life--Span Development?Span Development?
Historical Perspectives on Life‐Span Development
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Child DevelopmentOriginal Sin – children are perceived as being basically bad, born into the world asevil beings.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Historical Perspectives on LifeHistorical Perspectives on Life--Span DevelopmentSpan Development
Child Development (cont’d)Tabula Rasa – children are like a “blank tablet,” and acquire their characteristics through experience.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Historical Perspectives on LifeHistorical Perspectives on Life--Span DevelopmentSpan Development
Child Development (cont’d)Innate Goodness – children are inherently good.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Historical Perspectives on LifeHistorical Perspectives on Life--Span DevelopmentSpan Development
Traditional and Life‐Span Approaches
TraditionalMajor changes from birth to adolescenceLittle or no change in adulthoodDecline in late adulthood
Life‐spanInterest in adult development began seriously in the latter half of the 20th centuryDevelopment at every stage of life
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Historical Perspectives on LifeHistorical Perspectives on Life--Span DevelopmentSpan Development
Life Expectancythe average age a child born in a given year can expect to live.
Average life expectancy in Canada:
1900 – 56 years1950 – 69 years2001 – 79 years!2004 – 80.2 (80)men 82.6 (83) for women
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Historical Perspectives on LifeHistorical Perspectives on Life--Span DevelopmentSpan Development
Life ExpectancyWhy has life expectancy improved so much over the past century?Improvements in:
SanitationNutritionMedical knowledge
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Historical Perspectives on LifeHistorical Perspectives on Life--Span DevelopmentSpan Development
Characteristics of the Life‐Span Perspective
LifelongLifelong
PlasticPlastic
MultidimensionalMultidimensional BalancedBalanced
MultidisciplinaryMultidisciplinary
ContextualContextual
MultidirectionalMultidirectional
Development
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Development is Lifelong We develop at each stage of our lives.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Development is Multidimensional Dimensions of Development:
BiologicalCognitiveSocio‐emotional
Look at the layout of your textbook chapters.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Development is Multidirectional As some dimensions increase, others may decrease.
e.g., In older adults, while experience increases, speed of processing decreases.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Development is Plastic Plasticity is the ability to change & mold your brain.
Generally, as we age plasticity decreases & our characteristics become more stable.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Development is Multidisciplinary Research on human development impacts:PsychologySociologyAnthropologyNeuroscienceMedicine
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Development is Contextual Normative age‐graded influences
What we normally experience at any given age
BiologicalPubertyMenopause
EnvironmentalEntering schoolGraduationRetirement
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Development is Contextual (cont’d)Normative history‐graded influencesInfluence of being from a particular generation (depression, hippies, 9/11)
Context: a setting in which development occurs. Influences course of development.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Development is Contextual (cont’d)Non‐normative, unusual lifeevents that affect us:
PositiveWinning a lotteryUnexpected job success
NegativeNatural disasterUntimely death of a family member
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Development Involves Growth, Maintenance, and Regulation We must find a balance between growth & maintaining a stable, regular life.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Characteristics of the LifeCharacteristics of the Life--Span PerspectiveSpan Perspective
Some Contemporary Concerns The study of developmental psychology helps us address many current issues.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Research on Premature Infants Research focuses on how massage therapy can facilitate weight gain in premature infants.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Health and Well‐Being Physical & psychological health are a major component of developmental psychology research.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Issues that Affect Parenting DaycareWorking parents & latchkey childrenEffects of divorce on childrenBlended familiesThe best way to parent
Child maltreatmentSupport systems for familiesMarital relationshipsIntergenerational relationsAging parents
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Socio‐cultural Contexts
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Context Development is influenced by the context or setting in which it occurs (home, school, church, etc.)
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
CultureThe behaviour patterns, beliefs, & all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Ethnicity Cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, & language.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Cross‐Cultural StudiesCross‐cultural studies are performed to determine whether development occurs differently between different cultures or ethnicities.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Gender The socio‐cultural dimension of being male or female.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Social Policy Developmental psychology research has a great impact on social policy. Particularly regarding education & health care.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns
Generational Inequity An aging society’s unfairness to its younger members due to older adults’piling up advantages by receiving inequitably large allocations of resources.
©2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Some Contemporary ConcernsSome Contemporary Concerns