The Language Of The Language Of MedicineMedicine

Dr. Michael GillespieDr. Michael Gillespie

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Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function.

Identify various pathological conditions that affect the system.

Learn medical terms that pertain to respiration.

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Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system, and recognize relevant abbreviations.

Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.

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External respiration: Exchange of air in lung capillaries oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs

immediately passes into capillaries carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs, to be exhaled

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Internal respiration: Exchange of gases in the cells occurs simultaneously between cells

and capillaries oxygen passes out of the

bloodstream into the tissues carbon dioxide passes out of

tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs

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Mediastinum: Middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches

Bronchi: Each leads to a separate lung

Lungs: Lobes are not mirror imagesHilum: Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit

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Conduct air Nose Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

Pharynx Larynx Trachea

Exchange gases Bronchioles Alveoli Lung capillaries

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adenoids alveolus (alveoli) apex of the lung base of the lung brochioles bronchus (bronchi) carbon dioxide

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cilia diaphragm epiglottis expiration glottis hilum inspiration larynx

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lobe mediastinum nares oxygen palatine tonsil paranasal sinus parietal pleura

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pharynx pleura pleural cavity pulmonary parenchyma respiration trachea visceral pleura

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1. What is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung?

A. base B. lobeC. apexD. nares

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adenoid/o adenoidsalveol/o alveolus, air sac

bronch/o bronchial tubebronchi/o bronchusbronchiol/obronchiole, small bronchus

capn/o carbon dioxide

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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coni/o dustcyan/o blueepiglott/o epiglottislaryng/o larynx, voice box

lob/o lobe of the lungmediastin/omediastinum

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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nas/o nose orth/o straight, upright

ox/o oxygen pector/o chest pharyng/o pharynx, throat phon/o voice

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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phren/o diaphragmpleur/o pleurapneum/o air, lungpneumon/o lungpulmon/o lungrhin/o nose

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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sinus/o sinus cavityspir/o breathingtel/o completethorac/o chesttonsill/o tonsilstrache/o trachea, windpipe

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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SUFFIXES

-ema condition -osmia smell-pnea breathing-ptysis spitting-sphyxia pulse-thorax pleural cavity, chest

SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning

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auscultation percussion pleural rub rale (crackle)

rhonchus sputum stridor wheeze

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Upper Respiratory Disorders croup diphtheria epistaxis pertussis

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Bronchial Tube Disorders asthma bronchiectasis chronic bronchitis cystic fibrosis

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Lung Disorders atelectasis emphysema lung cancer pneumoconiosis pneumonia pulmonary abscess

pulmonary edema

pulmonary embolism (PE)

pulmonary fibrosis

sarcoidosis tuberculosis (TB)

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Atelectasis Two forms Proximal obstruction of distal airways

Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in pleural cavity

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Pleural Disorders mesothelioma pleural effusion pleurisy (pleuritis) pneumothorax

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Pneumothorax: Air gathers in the pleural cavity

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anthracosis asbestosis bacilli chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

cor pulmonale exudate

hydrothorax infiltrate palliative paroxysmal pulmonary infarction

purulent silicosis

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X-rays chest x-ray (CXR) computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

pulmonary angiography

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X-rays: Radiographic imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic waves create images

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Radioactive Tests Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung:

Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan: inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of different radioactive material for imaging

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Bronchioscopy: Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens

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Endotracheal intubation: placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway

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laryngoscopy lung biopsy mediastinoscopy pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

thoracotomy thorascopy tracheostomy tuberculin test tube thoracostomy

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Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space

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Tracheostomy: Surgical creation of opening into the trachea through

the neck

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COMBINING FORMS

adenoid/o ____________alveol/o ____________bronch/o ____________bronchi/o ____________bronchiol/o ____________capn/o ____________

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

adenoid/o adenoids alveol/o alveolus; air sac; small sac

bronch/o bronchial tube bronchi/o bronchial tube bronchiol/o bronchiole capn/o carbon dioxide

Combining Form Combining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

coni/o ___________cyan/o ___________epiglott/o ___________laryng/o ___________lob/o ___________mediastin/o ___________

Combining Form Combining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

coni/o dust cyan/o blue epiglott/o epiglottis laryng/o larynx (voice box)

lob/o lobe mediastin/omediastinum

Combining Form Combining Form Meaning Meaning

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COMBINING FORMS

nas/o __________orth/o __________ox/o __________pector/o __________pharyng/o __________phon/o __________

Combining Form Combining Form Meaning Meaning

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COMBINING FORMS

nas/o noseorth/o straightox/o oxygenpector/o chestpharyng/o throat (pharynx)

phon/o voice; sound

Combining Form Combining Form Meaning Meaning

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COMBINING FORMS

phren/o ___________pleur/o ___________pneum/o ___________pneumon/o ___________pulmon/o ___________rhin/o ___________

Combining Form Combining Form Meaning Meaning

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COMBINING FORMS

phren/o diaphragm; mind

pleur/o pleurapneum/o lung; air; gaspneumon/o lung; air; gaspulmon/o lungrhin/o nose

Combining Form Combining Form Meaning Meaning

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COMBINING FORMS

sinus/o ___________spir/o ___________tel/o ___________thorac/o ___________tonsill/o ___________trache/o ___________

Combining Form Combining Form Meaning Meaning

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COMBINING FORMS

sinus/o sinus spir/o to breathe tel/o complete thorac/o chest tonsill/o tonsil trache/o trachea (windpipe)

Combining Form Combining Form Meaning Meaning

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SUFFIXES

-ema ___________ -osmia ___________-pnea ___________-ptysis ___________-sphyxia ___________-thorax ___________

SuffixSuffix Meaning Meaning

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SUFFIXES

-ema condition-osmia smell-pnea breathing-ptysis spitting-sphyxia pulse-thorax chest; pleural cavity

SuffixSuffix Meaning Meaning