Cardiovascular Cardiovascular System and BloodSystem and Blood

Dr. Michael P. GillespieDr. Michael P. Gillespie

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Identify terms relating to the composition, formation, and function of blood.

Differentiate among the different types of blood groups.

Identify terms related to blood clotting.

Build words and recognize combining forms used in blood system terminology.

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Describe various pathologic conditions affecting blood.

Describe various laboratory tests and clinical procedures used with hematologic disorders, and recognize relevant abbreviations.

Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.

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Blood: Transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body

Other transported items: chemical messengers blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets

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cellsplasmawaterproteins

sugarsugar saltssalts hormoneshormones vitaminsvitamins

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Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen

Leukocytes: white blood cells

Thrombocytes: platelets; clot blood

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Leukocytes: or white blood cellsbasophils: contain heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine (involved in allergic responses)

eosinophils: phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections

neutrophils: phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection

monocytes: phagocytic cells that become macrophage and digest bacteria and tissue debris

lymphocytes: control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens

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Plasma Proteins albumin

globulins: immunoglobulins (IgG,IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE)

fibrinogen

prothrombin

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Type A: A antigen and anti-B antibodyType B: B antigen and anti-A antibodyType AB: A and B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)

Type O: no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor)

Rh factor (positive and negative)

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Coagulation: fibrin clotAnticoagulants: heparin, warfarin (Coumadin)

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1. The blood contains the following to transport oxygen:

A. white blood cellsB. plasmaC. plateletsD. red blood cells

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2. Blood contains these clotting cells:

A. erythrocytesB. plasmaC. thrombocytesD. leukocytes

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bas/o basechrom/o colorcoagul/o clottingcyt/o celleosin/o red, dawn, rosy

erythr/o red

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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granul/ogranules

hem/o blood hemat/o blood hemoglobin/o hemoglobin is/o same, equal kary/o nucleus

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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leuk/o whitemon/o one, singlemorph/o shape, formmyel/o bone marrowneutr/o neutralnucle/o nucleus

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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phag/o eat, swallowpoikil/o varied, irregular

sider/o ironspher/o globe, roundthromb/o clot

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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-apheresis -blast -cyte -cytosis -emia -globin -globulin -lytic

-oid -osis -penia -phage -philia -phoresis -poiesis -stasis

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Anemia: Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Other types of anemia:

aplastic anemia hemolytic anemia pernicious anemia sickle cell anemia thalassemia

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Aplastic anemia: failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells

Hemolytic anemia: reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Pernicious anemia: lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body

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sickle cell: a hereditary disease characterized by abnormal shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis

thalassemia: an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin

hemochromatosis: excess iron deposits throughout the body

polycythemia vera: general increase in red blood cells

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3. What is the most common type of anemia?

A. hemolytic anemiaB. sickle cell anemiaC. iron deficiency anemiaD. aplastic anemia

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hemophilia: Excessive bleeding caused by the lack of one of the protein substances necessary for blood clotting

purpura: Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

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leukemia: An increase in cancerous white blood cells acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

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Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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granulocytosis: Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

mononucleosis: An infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

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multiple myeloma: Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins.

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antiglobulin test bleeding time coagulation time complete blood count (CBC) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

hematocrit (Hct) hemoglobin test (H, Hg, HGB) partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

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platelet count prothrombin time (PT) red blood cell count (RBC)

red blood cell morphology white blood cell count (WBC) white blood cell differential

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apheresis: Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select part from the blood

blood transfusion: Whole blood or cells taken from a donor and infused into a patient

bone marrow biopsy: Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

hematopoietic stem cell transplant: Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor administered into a recipient’s vein

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COMBINING FORMS

bas/o _________ chrom/o _________ Coagul/o _________ cyt/o _________ eosin/o _________ erythr/o _________

Combining FormCombining Form Meaning Meaning

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COMBINING FORMS

bas/o base chrom/o color coagul/o clotting cyt/o cell eosin/o red, dawn, rosy

erythr/o red

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

granul/o _________hem/o _________ hemat/o _________hemoglobin/o _________ is/o _________kary/o _________

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

granul/o granuleshem/o bloodhemat/o bloodhemoglobin/o hemoglobinis/o same, equalkary/o nucleus

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

leuk/o _________ mon/o _________ morph/o _________ myel/o _________ neutr/o _________ nucle/o _________

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

leuk/o white mon/o one, single morph/o shape, form myel/o bone marrow neutr/o neutral nucle/o nucleus

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

phag/o _______________ poikil/o _______________

sider/o _______________ spher/o _______________ thromb/o _______________

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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COMBINING FORMS

phag/o eat, swallow poikil/o varied, irregular

sider/o iron spher/o globe, round thromb/o clot

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning