cardiovascular system: blood vessels -nsu

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Histology 7a Gregory Rodocker NSU Class Taken: Spring 2009

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Gregory Rodocker Study Material for Test #2 Animal Histology @ NSU

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Page 1: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Histology 7a

Gregory Rodocker

NSU

Class Taken: Spring 2009

Page 2: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

The Circulatory System

Blood vascular components Heart Arteries Capillaries veins

lymphatic vascular components later

Page 3: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU
Page 4: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Vessels

Macrovasculature (>0.1 mm) Large arterioles Muscular and elastic arteries Muscular veins

Microvasculature Arterioles Capillaries Post-capillary venules

Page 5: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Capillaries

A single layer of endothelial cells and the basal lamina: (no smooth muscles)

7-9 µm in diameter and 50 µm in length

Walls consist of 1-3 cells with a continuous basal lamina of endothelial origin

Page 6: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU
Page 7: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Types of Capillaries

Continuous, complete or somatic Fenestrated, or visceral Fenestrated in Kidney Discontinuous sinusoidal

Listed from tightest to leakiest

Page 8: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Fenestrated Capillary in Kidney

Page 9: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Continuous Capillaries

Absence of fenestrae Basal lamina continuous Muscle tissue, CT, exocrine glands

and NT

Page 10: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Fenestrated Capillaries

Large fenestrae covered by diaphragm Thinner than the trilaminar appearing unit

membrane Basal lamina continuous Kidney, intestines and endocrine

glands

Page 11: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Fenestrated Caps. in Kidney

Fenestrated w/o diaphragm Basal lamina continuous and only

barrier for filtration Kidney glomeruli

Page 12: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Discontinuous Sinusoidal Capillaries (sinusoidal so think liver)

Wall and basal lamina discontinuous Tortuous in their path and greatly

enlarged (30-40 µm in diameter) Liver and hematopoietic tissue such as

bone marrow and spleen

Page 13: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

1- typical path2- arteriovenous anastomosis3- arterial portal system4- venous portal system

Page 14: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Larger vessels Tunica intima

Endothelium Internal elastic lamina (arteries)

Wrinkled postmortem

Tunica media Smooth muscle External elastic lamina (larger arteries)

Tunica externa CT which is continuous with surrounding

tissues

Page 15: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Larger vessels

Vasa vasorum Vessels supplying blood to walls of larger

blood vessels. Walls too thick to obtain nutrition from large vessel lumen.

“vessels of the vessels”

Page 16: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Muscular vs. elastic artery

Page 17: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Muscular vs. elastic arteries

Media of muscular with up to 40 layers of smooth muscle cells

Elastic arteries include the aorta and its large branches

Elastic arteries have a large lumen and thin walls vs. muscular arteries which have small lumens and thick walls

Elastic vessels recoil with beat of the heart while muscular arteries control blood flow to organs

Page 18: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU
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Page 20: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Veins

Small to medium sized veins (1-9 mm in diameter) Thin intima, thin media and well

developed adventitia Large veins have an obvious intima,

thin media and a prominent adventitia Contain valves to prevent blood back flow

Page 21: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU

Muscular artery vs. comparable vein

Page 22: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels -NSU