2013

Vipin K. Bansal

[Type the company name]

3/18/2013

THE KEY TO SUCCESS IN KBC – PART 15 –

ENGLISH GRAMMAR, GROCERIES, GOLD etc.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................... 3

Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

Grocery Items ............................................................................................................................................... 5

Vegetables ................................................................................................................................................ 5

Spices ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

Dry Fruits .................................................................................................................................................. 6

Fruits ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Provisions ................................................................................................................................................. 7

English Grammar .......................................................................................................................................... 7

Homophones ............................................................................................................................................ 7

Synonyms ................................................................................................................................................. 8

Antonyms ................................................................................................................................................. 8

One Word Substitute ................................................................................................................................ 9

Idioms and Phrases ................................................................................................................................. 10

Clipped or Shortened Words .................................................................................................................. 11

Typical words in Pronunciation .............................................................................................................. 12

Domestic Items ........................................................................................................................................... 12

Stock Market and Indices ........................................................................................................................... 13

BSE/NSE .................................................................................................................................................. 13

Sensex 30 Listed Companies................................................................................................................... 13

STT, Dividend, Margin Money ................................................................................................................ 14

Major Up and Downs of Sensex ............................................................................................................. 15

Fall of Sensex was recorded on a single day .......................................................................................... 15

Indices of other Countries ...................................................................................................................... 16

G o l d .......................................................................................................................................................... 16

Top 20 Gold Reserve Countries .............................................................................................................. 17

History of Gold Prices ............................................................................................................................. 17

Branded Jewellery in Indian Market ....................................................................................................... 17

Parts of the Building and House ................................................................................................................. 18

Love Icons of History .................................................................................................................................. 18

Mathematical Functions ........................................................................................................................ 20

Formula for divisible by any digit .................................................................................................. 20

Conversions ............................................................................................................................................ 21

(*) Paper Sizes ........................................................................................................................................ 22

Measurement of all Paper sizes ...................................................................................................... 22

Number Count in advance language .............................................................................................. 23

Metrication in India ................................................................................................................................ 23

Questions Related to this Chapter ....................................................................................................... 24

Scoring System ........................................................................................................................................ 26

Bibliography: ........................................................................................................................................... 27

Thank You! ............................................................................................................................................. 27

Acknowledgement

Preface

As I mentioned in the previous parts that the idea of this book came to

my mind after reviewing so many competitive examinations in

examination halls or through Media and many people drop out

without any success. I think most of the time the reason was either not

enough preparation or lack of resources to enhance the knowledge

required to compete with others.

That’s why I started writing this book on various subjects so that it can

offer the basic guidance to the people preparing for the competition.

Nonetheless everyone can get benefitted with this set of books because

“Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge is the wing wherewith we fly

to heaven.”

The Key to Success has been written for the people trying to prepare

for any competition. Therefore the scope of this book is not to deep dive

on any subject rather swim across various layers but what one need to

qualify. However, this book cannot be used to gain exhaustive

knowledge on any given subject but it provides enough information

that you can easily remember and be better prepared for anything.

As usual, at the end of the book, a multi-choice Questionnaire is given

that has only one correct answer. Try to attempt those questions on

your own and then check the correct answers from the Answer Sheet.

Good Luck !!!

Grocery Items

Vegetables

Name of the Vegetable

fg Unh uke

Beans Lske

Bitter Gourd d js yk

Bottle Gourd Rksk j bZ

Brinjal cSa x u

Broad Beans Ckak d Mk Cabbage Cakn xksHkh

Capsicum f’keyk fepZ

Carrot Xkk t j

Cauli Flower Xksk Hkh

Colocasia vjch

Cucumber [khjk] ddMh

French Beans Qyh

Garlic Ykglqu

Jack Tender dVgy

Lady Fingur vksdjk] fHk.Mh

Lemon uh cw

Carissa djkSank

Lettuce lykn iRrk

Luffa ykSdh

Mint iqnhuk

Onion I;kt

Peas eVj

Permer ijoy

Potato vk yw

Pumpkin dk’khQy

Raddish ew yh

Spinach ik y d

Sugar Beet Pqk dUn j

Sweet Potato ’kdjdanh

Tamarind beyh

Tomato VekVj

Turnip ’kyte

Yam ftehdUn

Apple Gourd fVUMk

Curry Leaves djh iRrk

Dill lks;k

Coriander gjk /kfu;k

Ginger vnj[k

Goose Berry, Nellikai

vkaoyk

Green Chilly gjh fepZ

Spices

Name of Spice fgUnh ‘kCn

Fenu Greek eSFkh

Sesame Seed fr y

Mustard ljlksa] jkbZ

Poppy Seed [kl[kl

Nigella Seed dykSath

Dried Ginger lkSaB

Chilli fe pZ

Fennel, Ani Seed lkSaQ

Asofoetida gha x

Alkanet Root jru tksr

Black Cardamom CkMh byk;ph

Black Mustard jkbZ

Black Pepper dkyh fepZ

Black Salt dkyk ued

Cardamom NksVh byk;ph

Citric Acid VkVjh

Cloves ykSax

Coriander Powder /kfu;k ikmMj

Fenugreek Seed dLrwjh eSFkh

Saffron dslj

Salt ued

Sodium Bi Carbonate

[kkuk lksMk

Turmeric Powder gYnh

Raw Mango Powdr [kVkbZ

Bay Leaf rst iRrk

Cinnamon nky phuh

Cumin Seed th jk

Mace tkfo=h

Nutmeg Tkk;Qy

Gingelly fry

Dry Fruits

Name of Dry Fruit fgUnh ‘kCn

Almond Ckknke

Cashew Nut dk tw

Currant fd’kfe’k

Date [ktwj

Euruly Forex e[kkuk

Pinusgerdiana fpyxkstk

Pistachio fiLrk

Prunes, Raisin equDdk

Saffron dslj

WalNut v[kjksV

Fig vathj

Charoli fpjkSaath

Loquat y[kkSV

Cantaloupe Seed [kjcwtk cht

Fruits

Name of Fruit fgUnh ‘kCn

Apple lsc

Apricot [kqckuh

Banana ds yk

Black Berry Tkkequ

Cherry pSjh

Custard Apple ’kjhQk

Fig vathj

Grapes vaxwj

Guava ve:n

Litchy yhph

Mango vk e

Mosambi ekSlEch

Plum, Jujube vkywph] csj

Pome Granate vukj

Sapodela, Sapota phdw

Mul Berry ’kgrwr

Musk Melon [kjcwtk

Orange larjk

Papaya Ikihrk

Peach vkMw

Pear uk’kikrh

Pine Apple vuUukl

Water Melon rjcwtk

Water Nut fla?kkMk

Grewia Qkylk

Kiwi dh oh

Coconut Ukkfj;y

Rus Berry jl Hkjh

Jambul Tkkequ

Provisions

Name of Grocery fgUnh ‘kCn

Basmati Rice Pkkoy

Bengal Gram nky puk

Black Eyed Beans yksfc;k

Black Gram nky mMn

Buck Wheat dwVw

Chick Peas ns’kh puk

Corn eDdk

Pigeon Peas nky vjgj

Red Lentil nky elwM

Rice Flake Ikksgk

Gram Flour Csklu

Green Gram nky ewax

Jaggery xqM

Kidney Beans jktek

Maize Ckktjk

Peanut ewaxQyh

Porridge nfy;k

Refined Flour eSnk

Semolina lwth

Sugar phuh

Tea Pkk;

Vinegar fljdk

Wheat Flour vkVk

Turkish Gram ekSaB

Sorghum Tokj

English Grammar

Homophones

A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word

but differs in meaning. The words may be spelled the same.

English Word fgUnh vFkZ

Homo Word fgUnh vFkZ

ACCEDE Lohdk;Z EXCEED vf/kd gksuk

ACCEPT Lohdkj

djuk EXCEPT flok;

ACCESS igqap EXCESS vf/kdrk

ADVICE lykg ADVISE lykg nsuk

ALTAR osnh ALTER cnyuk

ARTIST dykdkj ARTISTE Isk’ksoj

dykdkj

ASCENT p<kbZ ASSENT Lohd`fr

BALE xkaB BAIL tekur

BERTH lksus dk

LFkku BIRTH tUe

CANVAS fdjfep CANVASS oksV ekaxuk

CHECK Ns[kuk CHEQUE cSad dk pSd

CHORD ok| ;a= dk

rkj CORD Mksjh

COARSE ?kfV;k]

eksVk COURSE ikB~;dze

CONFIDANT fo’okl ik= CONFIDENT fo’oLr

COUNCIL ifj”kn~ COUNSEL lykg

DAIRY nqX/k ’kkyk DIARY Mk;jh

DEAR fiz; DEER fgju

DESCENT uhps dks

mrjuk DISSENT vlger gksuk

DIE ejuk DYE jaxuk

DIFFERENCE

vUrj DEFERENCE vknj

DRAUGHT ?kwaV DROUGHT lw[kk

DUAL nksgjk DUEL }Un

EFFECT izHkko AFFECT izHkko Mkyuk

ELIGIBLE pquk tkus

;ksX; ILLEGIBLE viBuh;

EXPANSE foLrkj EXPENSE [kpZ

FARE fdjk;k FAIR esyk

FEET iSj FEAT cgknqjh dk

dk;Z

FLEA fiLlw FLEE Hkkxuk

HUMAN ekuo HUMANE n;kyq

IDOL ewfrZ IDLE vkylh

INSIGHT lw{e n`f”V INCITE mdlkuk

JEALOUS bZ”;kZyw ZEALOUS mRlkgh

LESSON ik B LESSEN de djuk

LOSE [kksuk LOOSE <hyk

MARRY ‘kknh djuk MERRY izlUu

METRE ukius dk

ehVj METER ehVj ;a=

PEACE ‘kkfUr PIECE VqdMk

PLAIN lknk PLANE Okk;q;ku

PRAY izkFkZuk

djuk PREY f’kdkj

PRINCIPAL iz/kkukpk;Z PRINCIPLE fl)kUr

QUIET ’kkUr

QUITE fcydqy

RAISE mBkuk RAGE dzks/k

REIN yxke REIGN ’kklu

RIGHT Lkgh RITE laLdkj

ROOT tM ROUTE jkLrk

SAIL leqnz esa

[ksuk SALE fcdzh

SIEGE ?ks jk SEIZE tCr djuk

SITE fLFk fr SIGHT vka[kksa dh

T;ksfr

SOAR mMuk SOUR [kV~Vk

SOUL vkRek SOLE vdsyk] twrk

ryk

STATIONARY fLFk j STATIONERY Ysk[ku lkexzh

STORY dgkuh STOREY Eafty

SUIT lqfo/kk esa

gksuk SUITE dejksa dk lSV

TALE dgkuh TAIL iwaaN

TEEM Hkjk gksuk TEAM n y

UMPIRE fu.kkZ;d EMPIRE lkezkT;

URBAN ’kgjh URBANE lH;

VALE ?kkVh WAIL jksuk

WASTE csdkj djuk WAIST d e j

WAVE Ykgj WAIVE vf/kdkj

NksMuk

WEEK lIrkg WEAK detksj

Synonyms

Synonyms are words with the same or similar meanings.

W O R D S Y N O N Y M

Amenities Courtesies

Abandon Discontinue

Distinguish Differentiate

Recover Recoup

Terminate End

Admit Accept

Infinite Endless

Authentic Factual

Tentative Provisional

Appraisal Estimation

Masterpiece Model

Ascend Mount

Ugly Hateful

Condemn Blame

Detect Discover

Confidential Secret

Absolute Limitless

Icon Painting

Bifurcated Forked

Liberty Freedom

Demise End

Drowsy Sleepy

Synthetic Artificial

Charter Document

Abbreviate Shorten

Antonyms

The Antonym is taken to be synonymous with opposite but with more restricted meanings. There are three types of

antonyms i.e. graded antonym, complementary antonyms and relational antonyms.

W O R D A N T O N Y M

Tragedy Comedy

Start Finish

Universal Regional

Synthetic Natural

Transparent Opaque

Vulgar Refined

Boost Hinder

Nervous Bold

Discount Premium

Comic Tragic

Facsimile Original

Addition Substraction

Bridge Open

Attract Repel

Gratuity Wages

Eclipse Shine

Foreigner Native

Ignore Redress

Official Private

Prohibit Permit

Density Rarity

Appointment Dismissal

Challenge Accept

Commend Dislike

Obsolete Recent

Immediate Slow

Harmony Discord

Justify Accuse

Catholic Narrow Minded

Destroy Create

Brilliant Dull

Parallel Divergent

Auspicious Unfavourable

Vague Definite

Crowded Lonely

One Word Substitute

One word substitute is the word(s) that replace a group of words or a complete sentence effectively without creating any

kind of ambiguity in meaning. It is written so precisely that everyone could understand it easily.

Matter One Word

Examine one’s own thoughts and feelings

Introspection

A short story about a real person or event

Anecdote

Woman who offers herself on payment for

sexual intercourse Prostitute

Life History of a person written by another

person Biography

Custom of having many wives

Polygamy

Anything written in a letter after it is signed

Postscript

One who always runs away from danger

Timid

A post with no work

but high pay Sinecure

A person living permanently in a

Domicile

certain place

The Art of cutting trees and bushes into

ornamental shape Topiary

Walking in sleep Somnambulism

One who lends money at high rate of interest

Usurer

Woman trained to help other woman in child

birth Midwife

The School or college in which one has been

educated Alma mater

A person who is always dissatisfied

Malcontent

Person who has long experience

Veteran

A man who pays too much attention on his clothes & appearance

Dandy

A man who dances to the tunes of his wife

Henpecked

An old unmarried

woman Spinster

A person who enters without any invitation

Intruder

One who does not know how to save

money Spendthrift

Combination of two or more companies

engaged in different businesses

Conglomerate

A person who wishes to

throw over all establshments

Anarchist

A person who collects Coins

Numismatist

A school for infants and young children

Kindergarten (KG)

One who resides in a country of which he is

not a citizen Alien

One who draws Maps and Charts

Cartographer

A story that can hardly be believed

Inredible

Idioms and Phrases

Idioms are the words, phrases or expressions which are made in metaphorical way to make the language

colourful. They are commonly used in day to day conversation by the people.

Ekq gk o jk Idiom or Phrase

Caknj D;k tkus vnj[k dk

Lokn

Cast pearls before

swine

va/kksa esa dkuk jktk A figure among

cyphers

vkx esa ?kh Mkyuk Add fuel and fire

v/kty xxjh Nydr tk; Deep rivers move

with silent majesty

vc iNrk; gksr D;k tc

fpfM;k pqx xbZ [ksr

It is too late to lock

stable door

vkleku ls fxjk [ktwj esa

vVdk

Out of frying pan into the fire

vk/kh NksM iwjh dks /kkos] vk/kh

feys u iwjh ikos

Quit not certainty

for hope

vius eqag fe;ka feV~Bw cuuk Self praise is no

recommendation

vius iSjksaa ij [kMk gksuk Stand on one’s own

legs

Ckn vPNk cnuke cqjk A bad name is

better than bad

fcYyh ds HkkX; ls Nhadk ugha

VwVrk

Cattle don’t die from

crow’s cursing

Cksk;s isM ccwy dk] vke dgka

ls ik;

Gather thistles and expect pickles

cMsak dh cMh ckrsa High winds blow on

high hills

fcuk ejs LoxZ ugha fn[krk

If you want a thing

well done, do it

yourself

Ckgrh xaxk esa gkFk /kksuk Make Hay while the

sun shines

Cwakn cwan djds ?kMk Hkjuk Many a little makes

a mickle

Hkkxrs Hkwr dh yaxksVh Hkyh Something is better

than nothing

Ckky dh [kky fudkyuk Split hairs

HkSal ds vkxs chu ctkuk Crying in wilderness

Pkkj fnu dh pkanuh fQj va/ksjh

jkr

A Nine Days’

wonder

Pkskj pksj ekSlsjs HkkbZ Birds of a feather

flock together

Pkskj dh nk<h esa frudk Guilty Conscious is

always suspicious

nw/k dk tyk NkN dk Qwad

Qwad dj ihrk gS

A burnt child

dreads the fire

fnu nwuh jkr pkSxquh By Leaps and

Bounds

Mwcrs dks fruds dk lgkjk Drowing Man

catches at Straw

/kksch dk dqRrk] ?kj dk u ?kkV

dk

Whistling maid and

crowing hen are

neither fit for God

nor Men

,d eNyh lkjs rkykc dks

xank djrh gS

A rotten apple

injures its companions

b/kj dqavk m/kj [kkbZ Between Scylia and

Charybdis

,d gkFk ls rkyh ugha ctrh It takes two to make

a quarrel

,d iaFk nks dkt Killing two Birds

with one Stone

gokbZ fdys cukuk Castles in the Air

gFksyh ij ljlksa mxkuk Rome was not built

in a day

tSlh jktk oSlh iztk As the King so are

the Subjects

Tksk xjtrs gSa os cjlrs ugha Barking Dogs

seldom Bite

Tky esa jgdj exj ls cSj

It is hard to live in

Rome and to fight

with Pope

ftldh ykBh mldh HkSal Might is Right

tSls dks rSlk Tit for Tat

Tkkds iSj u QVh fcokbZ oks

D;k tkus ihj ijkbZ

No one knows

weight of another’s

burden

daxkyh esa vkVk xhyk Misfortunes never

come singly

dkuh ds C;kg dks lkS tks[ke Many a slip between

the Cup and Lip

dj cqjk rks gks cqjk Do evil and look for

like

dksbZ dlj u NksMuk Leave no stone

unturned

Ykskgs ds pus pckuk Hard nut to crack

Ykskgs dks yksgk dkVrk gS Diamonds cut

diamond

ykyp cqjh cyk Avarice is the root of

all evils

Eqk[k esa jke cxy esa Nqjh A wolf in Lamb’s

clothing

exjePN ds vkalw Crocodile Tears

Uskdh dj nfj;k esa Mky Do good and cast it

into the river

Ukkp u vkos vkaxu Vs<k

A bad workman quarrels with his

tools

ukS uxn u rsjg m/kkj

A bird in hand is

worth than two in

bush

vksl pkVs I;kl ugha cq>rh A fog cannot be

dispelled by a fan

Qwyksa dh lst A bed of Roses

Iwkr ds iSj ikyus esa fn[kkbZ nsrs

gSa

Coming events cast

their shadow before

jaxs gkFk idMuk Catch Red Handed

jkst dqavk [kksnuk] jkst ikuh

ihuk

Living from Hand to Mouth

jkbZ dk igkM cukuk Make a Mountain of

a mole hill

Lkkap dks vkap ugha Pure gold does not

fear the flame

Lkkou ds va/ks dks gjk gh gjk

fn[kkbZ nsrk gS

Everything looks

yellow to a

jaundiced eye

Rskrs ikao ilkfj;s] tsrh ykach

lkSj

Cut your coat

according to cloth

FkksFkk puk ckts ?kuk An empty vessel

sounds much

mYVs ckal cjsyh Carry Coal to new

Castle

maph nqdku Qhdk idoku Great Cry little wool

maV ds eqag esa thjk A drop in the Ocean

Clipped or Shortened Words

A word, formed by dropping one or more syllables from a longer word or phrase

with no change in meaning.

Clipped Word Meaning

Ad Advertisement

Auto Automobile

Bit Binary Digit

Burger Hamburger

Coop Cooperative

Cuppa A Cup of Tea

Disc Compact Disc

Fax Facsimile

Flu Influenza

Fridge Refrigerator

Gas Gasoline

Gym Gymnasium

Hanky Handkerchief

Maths Mathematics

Memo Memorandum

Mike Microphone

Pant Pantaloon

Psych Psychology

Pub Public House

Stats Statistics

Taxi Taxicab

Van Caravan

Veggy Vegetarian

Typical words in Pronunciation

Anaesthesia Assassination Bureaucratic Conscientious

Diarrhea Pneumonia Entrepreneur Fahrenheit

Haemorrhage Hotch Potch Incandescent Condescendence

Inconspicuous Millennium Mediterranean Onomatopoeia

Paediatrics Pasteurisation Renaissance Rhinoceros

Septuagenarian Restaurateur Onomatopoeia Seychelles

Saccharine

Strengths (longest

single vowel word) Psychiatrist Lieutenant Opthalmologist

Pseudopseudohypo-parathyroidism (Largest

Single Word)

Tripertite and Typewriter (Single line

on Key Board) Thiruvananthapuram

Dermatoglyphics (longest word with no repetition of letters)

Domestic Items

Lkkeku dk uke Name of Item

fQVdjh Alum

Lqkjek Antimony

daxu Bracelet

lkMh dkaVk Brooch

Lkqgkxk Borax

eB Cloister

dRFkk Catechu

diwj Camphor

Qkuwl Chandelier

dMkgh Cauldron

‘ka[k Caunch

NSuh Chisel

byk;phnkuk Comfit

Ckjek Drill

jsrh File

twa Louse

tkSad Leech

fVM~Mk Locust

[kjy Mortar

dLrwjh Musk

Xsk# Ochre

jtkbZ Quilt

Pkyuh Sieve

Qjlk Spade

vkjh Saw

cVu Stud

Ckksjk Sack

eqdqV Tiara

jUnk Trying Plane

flanwj Vermilion

fxn~/k Vulture

?kwa?kV Veil

eV~Bk Whey

ma?kuk Yawning

Stock Market and Indices

BSE/NSE

A stock market index is a method of measuring the value of a section of the stock market. It is computed from the prices of selected stocks. It is a tool used by investors and financial managers to describe the market. A close and fundamental study helps a person to identify the market.

Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is a stock exchange located on Dalal Street, Mumbai. It is 10th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization. It was established in 1875 and was recognized by Govt. of India in 1956. It is India's Oldest Stock

Exchange with listing of over 4000 scripts with it. This is not fully automated yet but progress towards full automation is underway.

Sensex means Sensitivity Index, an abbreviation of the Bombay Exchange Sensitive Index. It is major index of BSE and it comprise of 30 scripts from different sectors.

The National Stock Exchange (NSE) is stock exchange located at Mumbai. It is the 11th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization and largest in India by daily turnover and number of trades for both equities and derivative trading. It has over 1652 stocks listed.

The NSE's key index is known as NIFTY (National Stock Exchange

Fifty), an index of fifty major stocks weighted by market capitalization. It has more than 2000 stocks from different sectors listed with it. It is fully automated electronic order processing exchange.

Sensex 30 Listed Companies

BSE Sensex currently consists of the following 30 major companies-

No. S t o c k Name of the Company(s)

1 Consumer Finance Housing Development Finance Corporation

2-3 Pharmaceutical Cipla Sun Pharma

4 Electrical Equipment B.H.E.L.

5-6 Banking

State Bank of India H.D.F.C. Bank

7 I.C.I.C.I. Bank

8-9

Automotives

Hero Motocorp Mahindra & Mahindra

10-11 Tata Motors Maruti Suzuki

12 Bajaj Auto Ltd.

13-14 Information Technology

Infosys Wipro Ltd.

15 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)

16-17 Oil & Gas

O.N.G.C. Reliance Industries Ltd.

18 GAIL

19-20 Power Tata Power N.T.P.C.

21-22 Metals & Mining

Hindalco Industries Sterlite Industries

23 Coal India

24 Steel Tata Steel

25-26 Conglomerate Larsen & Toubro I.T.C.

27 Consumer Goods Hindustan Unilever Ltd.

28 Steel & Power Jindal Steel & Power

29 Telecommunication Bharti Airtel

30 Real Estate D.L.F.

STT, Dividend, Margin Money

Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is a tax on the value of shares bought and sold on a stock exchange irrespective of your profit or loss. It was introduced in the year 2004-2005.

o The current rate of STT is

0.125% of the transaction volume. STT is not applicable on Government Securities, Bonds, Debentures and Mutual Fund.

Dividends are payments made by a corporation to its shareholder members. It is the portion of corporate profits paid out to stockholders. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, that money can be put to two uses.

o It can either be reinvested in the business or it can be distributed to shareholders. There are two ways to distribute cash to shareholders, either share repurchases or dividends.

o Many corporations retain a portion of their earnings and pay the remainder as a dividend. A dividend is allocated as a fixed amount per share. As per the Income Tax Act, the tax is exempted on Dividends.

Margin Money is borrowing money from your broker to buy a stock and using your investment as collateral. Investors generally

use margin to increase their purchasing power so that they can own more stock without fully paying for it.

o Margin accounts can be very risky and they are not suitable for everyone. You

can lose more money than you have invested. You may have to deposit additional cash or securities in your account on short notice to cover market losses.

Major Up and Downs of Sensex

Sensex Raised to Date Sensex Raised to Date

1000 25th July, 1990 12000 20th April, 2006

2000 15th Jan, 1992 13000 30th Oct., 2006

3000 29th Feb., 1992 14000 5th Dec., 2006

4000 30th March, 1992 15000 6th July, 2007

5000 8th Oct., 1999 16000 19th Sept., 2007

6000 11th Feb., 2000 17000 26th Sept., 2007

7000 20th June, 2005 18000 9th Oct., 2007

8000 8th Sept., 2005 19000 15th Oct., 2007

9000 28th Nov., 2005 20000 29th Oct., 2007

10000 6th Feb., 2006 21000 7th Jan., 2008

11000 21st March, 2006

Fall of Sensex was recorded on a single day

Year Date Down Pts. Date Down Pts.

2011 4th Feb. 442 11th Feb. 834

24th Feb. 546 22nd Sept. 704

2010 12th Nov. 432 16th Nov. 444

2009 7th Jan. 749 6th July 870

17th Aug. 627

2008 21st Jan. 1408 22nd Jan. 857

11th Feb. 834 13th March 771

17th March 951 27th June 600

15th Sept. 710 6th Oct 725

10th Oct. 800 24th Oct. 1070

2007 18th Jan. 688 31st March 727

16th August 643 17th Oct. 717

21st Nov. 678 17th Dec. 769

2006 18th May 826

Indices of other Countries

G o l d

old is a bright yellow color metal. It is not soluble in any single acid except aquarazia (a mixture

of Nitric Acid and Hydrochloric Acid in 1:3 ratio). It is a valuable precious metal for coinage, jewellery etc. The last gold coin currencies were issued in 1932 in United States of America. In Europe most of the countries stopped gold standard after World War I in 1914. The softness of pure gold is measured as 24 carat. While making jewellery, some percentage of copper and/or silver etc. is mixed for hardness, color and ductility of gold ornaments. 18 carat gold contains 25% of copper. It is a very costly metal because of its extraction from its ores. 10 gram gold is

extracted from 250 kg. ores. In world oceans, about 15000 tons of gold is deposited in the form of rocks etc. A total of 171,300 tonnes of gold have been mined in human history. Present value of the entire gold is US$ 5.0 trillion. The world consumption of the gold produced is about 50% in jewellery, 40% in investments and 10% in industry. The maximum stock of Gold are in the form of jewellery, coins and bars and in Industries at the ratio of 52%, 16% and 12% respectively. Gold Reserve is the gold held by a Nation as a store of value and as a guarantee to redeem promises to pay Depositors, Note Holders i.e. Currency or trading peer.

Australia (ASX)

China (SSE)

France (CAC)

Germany (DAX) Hong Kong

(Hang Sang)

India (Nifty)

Indonesia (IHSG)

Japan (Nikkei) Pakistan (KSE)

Russia (MICEX)

Singapore (FTSE)

South Africa (FTSE)

S.Korea (KOSPI)

Sri Lanka (ASPI)

U.K. (FTSE)

U.S.A. (Dow Jones, Nasdaq)

G

Top 20 Gold Reserve Countries

S.

No. Country

Total

Stock

Foreign

Reserve

1 Euro Area 10800 60.7%

2 United States 8100 77%

3 Int’l Monetary

Fund 2800 --

4 Germany 3400 74%

5 Italy 2450 73%

6 France 2435 73%

7 China 1050 94%

8 Switzerland 1050 17%

9 Russia 950 10%

10 Netherlands 600 58%

11 India 560 11%

12 Portugal 400 80%

13 Venezuela 360 52%

14 United

Kingdom 310 17%

15 Austria 280 56%

16 Pakistan 185 20%

17 South Africa 125 12%

18 Greece 110 80%

19 Canada 4 0.2

20 Japan 765 4%

Total :: 30500

Ton

History of Gold Prices

Year INR @ per

10 gm.

Average Hike %

per year

1930 20 --

1935 30 10%

1940 36 4%

1945 60 13%

1950 100 13%

1955 80 -5%

1960 110 7%

1965 70 -7%

1970 180 30%

1975 540 40%

1980 1330 30%

1985 2100 12%

1990 3200 10%

1995 4650 9%

2000 4400 -0.7%

2002 5000 7%

2003 5300 6%

2004 6000 13%

2005 6200 3%

2006 8500 37%

2007 9400 11%

2008 10000 6%

2009 13400 34%

2010 16800 25%

2011 22200 30%

2012 28000 25%

2013 31500 Current year….

Branded Jewellery in Indian Market

Since the Indian consumer is changing day by day, there are so many brand names in Indian market.

Tanishq is the largest jewellery retailer in India, launched by I.T.C. Ltd.

Nakshatra is a brand name for being the first diamond jewelry range in the country.

D’Damas is a business house of Gitanjali Group, one of the largest manufacturers of diamonds in India.

Nirvana is a range of crafted diamond jewellery by Fine Jewellery Ltd., largest exporter of Diamond Jewellery.

Gili, first branded jewellery of India started in 1994.

Kiah diamond jewellery, a business house of Sheetal Group has a collection of alluring

diamonds studded in white and yellow gold.

Orra is also a leading diamond jewellery brand in Indian market.

Sangini Diamond Trading Company was started in 2004.

Adora diamond jewellery was launched in 2003 by Jewellery (I) Pvt. Ltd. of Mumbai.

Parts of the Building and House

A house has different names of locations if the style of making is changed.

Kind Description

Duplex

It is two separate residences which looks like two houses

put together, shares a wall between two houses. Attached side by side.

Flat It contains a common space

for staircase and built on entire floor.

Bungalow A single storey house with

all rooms on a floor and without basement.

Villa An Upper Class House

Farm House A residence on a Farm.

Barrack A type of military house with row of bunk beds and attach

bathroom facility.

Mansion A very large detached house.

Igloo A house built on Ice

Hotel/Inn A place which provides both

boarding and lodging

Pant House Top floor of any multi storey

building

Cottage A single storey house with

wood work

Studio Apt.

A suite with single room as Living and Sitting and Bed

Room with Kitchen and Bath

room.

Micro House A house built in a very

compact space for sleeping,

cooking and toilet etc.

Mess or Bedshit

Single bedroom per tenant

with common facility for toilet, bath and kitchen. Has very limited space for sitting

and sleeping etc.

Rail Road Apt.

A type of apartment, built in a narrow plot.

Shop House

A house on street level with

residential facility on upper floor and shop on ground

level.

Castle A very defensive structure built under the ground or shedded with hard roof.

Maisonette An apartment on two levels with internal stair facility.

Love Icons of History

Dhola and Maaru - Dhola was a prince of Narwar and Maaru was princess of Poogal. The couple were married in their childhood by their parents. Dhola’s father King died and Dhola forgot to marry Maaru and married another princess Malwani. So many

messages were sent to Dhola by Maaru’s side but the messages could not be received by Dhola. A group of Folk Singers were sent to Narwar and then Dhola could know about his first love.

o As usual, so many hurdles came to their way but finally

Dhola reached to Poogal and they united each other. While returning to Narwar after marriage, Maaru is bitten by a snake and died. Dhola also decided to burn himself but was saved by few saints who claimed that they will alive Maaru. They treated Maaru and finally could bring Maaru back to life.

o Again, they were tried to kill by Umar Sumar, a king of Narwar, who wanted Maaru to marry, but the couple escaped from there on a camel and lived life long happily with Malwani also.

Layla and Majnun - A real story of

7th century of Arabian Peninsula of Qays Ibn al Mulawwah (Qeith). They fell in love with each other. Layla’s father denied to merry Qeith. Qeith started composing Poems and Layla was married to another person.

o When Qeith heard about the marriage, he began wandering the surrounding desert. Layla moved to Iraq with her husband where she fell ill and finally died.

Shirin and Farhad - It is a love

story of Persian King Khosrow II who fell in love with Armenian

Princess, Shirin. Shirin was niece of princes of Armenia. She fell in love with Khusro after seeing his picture only. She left the palace and started to move to Khusro’s palace meanwhile Khusro also left his palace to search for Shirin. On the way, they saw each other but could not recognize.

o On a later stage, when Khusro met Shirin, she denied to marry him. Khusro tried to send his Architect friend Farhad for the marriage proposal to

shirin’s palace. But Farhad himself fell in love with Shirin.

o Khosrow sent Farhad in exile to rock mountains with an impossible task of carving stairs in Iran. Khosrow sent a false message to Farhad about Shirin's death. Hearing this false news, Farhad throws himself from the

mountaintop and dies. Shirin also kills herself.

Heer and Ranjha - Heer was very

beautiful woman who born in a wealthy Jaat family of Jhang, Pakistan. Ranjha (Full name was Dheedo Ranjha) was also a Jat and lived in Takht Hazara, near river Chenab. He was very fond of playing flute.

o Due to family disturbances, Ranjha left the home and reached to Heer’s village and fell in love with her. Heer offered Ranjha as Caretaker of her father’s cattle. They met each other secretly until they were caught by Heer’s family member. Heer was not allowed to meet Ranjha.

o Ranjha reached to Baba Gorakhnath and both met Heer’s family and agreed to marry Heer with Ranjha. On the wedding day, Heer died

due to poisonous food given by her jealous uncle Kaido.

o Hearing this news, Ranjha also took the same sweet and died. They were buried at Jhang.

Sohni and Mahival – It is a story of

18th century of Gujarat town at Pakistan. Sohni was a beautiful daughter of a potter named Tulla. His shop was near the River Chenab where there was a caravan trade route between Bukhara and Delhi.

o As Sohni grew up, she would draw floral designs on Surahis and mugs when it came off the wheels. Izzat Baig, a rich trader from Bukhara came to India and saw the beautiful Sohni there. Sohni fell in love with Izzat Baig (Mahival).

o Mahival took up the job of a servant in her house. He grazed his buffaloes also

there. When the people got to know about the affairs of Sohni and Mahiwal, her parents arranged her marriage with another potter without her consent.

o Mahival also started living like a Faqir across the river.

Taking advantage of the darkness, Sohni and Mahival started meeting together across the river.

o One day when Sohni tried to cross the river with the help of the pitcher, it dissolved in the water and Sohni drowned in the river. After seeing it, Mahiwal also jumped into the river and drowned as well. They were

buried in Sindh, Pakistan.

Romeo and Juliet, Julius and Caesar are the tragedy stories written by William Shakespeare written in the year 1599.

Mathematical Functions

Formula for divisible by any digit

Divisible by 2 – Any number

which is divisible by 2, it must be having last digit as even number i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8. E.g. 136, 2058, 34444, 505052, 1000000 etc.;

Divisible by 3 - Any number is divisible by 3, if the sum of all digits is divisible by 3 e.g. 582,

101010, 76578, 9501 etc.;

Divisible by 4 – Any number is divisible by 4 if the last two digits are divisible by 4 e.g. 24, 564, 6708, 55544, 101012 etc.;

Divisible by 5 - Any number is divisible by 5 if the last digit is

either 0 or 5 e.g. 1000, 40505, 7605, 9988650 etc.

Divisible by 6 – Any number is divisible by 6 if both conditions of 2 and 3 above fulfils i.e. the sum of all digits must be divisible by 3 and the last digit is an even number e.g. 5622, 1944, 13050, 47850, 248256 etc.

Divisible by 7 – The calculation of

finding the formula is little complicated rather than other numbers above. Start with the following process to find whether a number (take 79656164) is divisible by 7 or not?

Unit 10th 100th 1000th 10000th Lacs 10-lac Crores Remarks

4 6 1 6 5 6 9 7

Same+ 3times+ 2times- Same- 3times- 2times+ Same+ 3times …So on

4+ 18+ 2- 6- 15- 12+ 9+ 21

The Sum comes 21… which is divisible by 7.

The above formula works for the

figure 79656164 as 4 + 3(6) + 2(1) – 6 – 3(5) – 2(6) + 9 + 3(7) = 4+18+2-6-15-12+9+21 = 21 which is divisible by 7. Hence the above figure is divisible by 7. (

o Repeat the sequence after 6th

digit i.e. +7th digit +3 times 8th digit +2 times 9th digit – 10th digit and so on. If the

whole sum is divisible by 7, then the original number is divisible by 7.

Divisible by 8 - Any number is

divisible by 8 if the last 3 digits is divisible by 8 e.g. 760, 4256, 70768, 530656 etc.

Divisible by 9 – Any number is divisible by 9 if the sum of all digits

is divisible by 9 e.g. 6525, 87219, 55530, 9378, 675198 etc.

Divisible by 10 – Any number is divisible by 10 if the last digit is Zero e.g. 100, 5460, 88090, 710000 etc.

Divisible by 11 – Any number is

divisible by 11 if the difference of the sums of alternating digits is divisible by 11 or it is 0 e.g. 75295 = sum of

1st, 3rd and 5th digit (from either side) is 14 and sum of 2nd and 4th digit is also 14, the difference comes ‘0’, hence it is divisible by 11. Another example is 775296500 = 7+5+9+5+0 (sum 26) minus 7+2+6+0 (sum 15) = difference 11, hence the number is divisible by 11.

Conversions

DISTANCE

1 Inch 2.54 cm.

1 Meter 1.094 yards

1 Feet 0.3048 Meter

1 Km. 0.62 miles

1093 yards

1 Mile

5280 feet

1.609 km.

8 furlong

1 Nautical Mile 6080.2 feet

1.853 kms.

1 Furlong 220 yards

201 metre

1 Yard 3 feet

91.44 cm.

VOLUME

1 Litre 0.22 Gallon

1 Gallon 4.546 Litres

1 Cusec 28.32 Litre/sec.

1 cu.m. 35.3 cu.ft.

1 cup 236.5 ml.

1 Table Spoon 15 ml.

1 Tea Spoon 5 ml.

A R E A

1 Sq. Meter 1.196 sq. yards

10.76 sq.ft.

1 sq. yard 0.86 sq.m.

1 Sq. feet 0.093 sq.m.

1 Acre 4840 sq. yards

4046.9 sq.m.

1 sq.mile

640 Acre

2.59 sq.km.

3,100,000 sq.

yards

1 Hectare 2.47 Acre

I Link 0.666 inches

1 Bigha

2603.7 sq. yards

20 Biswa

400 Biswansi

0.253 hectare

1 Chain 66 feet

10 chains 1 furlong

W E I G H T S

1 Kg. 2.2 Pound

1 Pound 453.6 gms.

16 oz.

1 Ounce 28.35 gms.

1 Carat 0.2 gm.

Standard Size of Papers

A 0 841 x 1189 mm

A 1 594 x 841 mm

A 2 420 x 594 mm

A 3 297 x 420 mm

A 4 210 x 297 mm

A 5 148 x 210 mm

A 6 105 x 148 mm

A 7 74 x 105 mm

(*) Follow Further Details

OTHERS

OC to oF (C*1.8)+32

OF to oC (F-32)*0.56

1 km./hr. 0.278 m/sec.

(*) Paper Sizes

The international paper size

standard is based on the German DIN 476 standard that is called Series ‘A’. The Paper sizes are based on a ratio of 1 : √2 i.e. 1:1.4142. The A0 size of paper is 1 meter by 1 metre in length and width which is called 1 m2.

When it is rounded to millimetres, it comes to 841 x 1189 mm. or in inches it is 33.1 × 46.8 inches. Successive paper sizes in the series A1, A2, A3 etc. are defined by halving the preceding paper size along the larger dimension.

The most frequently used paper size is A4 measuring 210 x 297 mm or 8.3 x 11.7 inches.

‘A’ series paper sizes are adopted by entire world except United States of America and Canada.

‘B’ series standard of papers is

geometric mean of successive A series sheets so B1 is between A0 and A1 in size with an area of 0.707 m2.

Posters are printed on B-series standard papers. The books are relatively printed on B5 size. The B Series is also used for making envelopes and Passports.

The current standard sizes of United States of America and Canada are named as "Letter", "Legal", "Ledger" and "Tabloid". The Letter size paper is 215.9×279.4; Legal 215.9×355.6; Junior Legal 203.2×127; Ledger 432×279 and Tabloid 279×432 mm.

Measurement of all Paper sizes

Standard Format A – Series (mm.) B – Series (mm.) C – Series (mm.)

0-size 841 x 1189 1000 x 1414 917 x 1297

Size 1 594 x 841 707 x 1000 648 x 917

Size 2 420 x 594 500 x 707 458 x 648

Size 3 297 x 420 353 x 500 324 x 458

Size 4 210 x 297 250 x 353 229 x 324

Size 5 148 x 210 176 x 250 162 x 229

Size 6 105 x 148 125 x 176 114 x 162

Size 7 74 x 105 88 x 125 81 x 114

Size 8 52 x 74 62 x 88 57 x 81

Size 9 37 x 52 44 x 62 40 x 57

Size 10 26 x 37 31 x 44 28 x 40

Number Count in advance language

Multiple Affix Numeral Symbol

10 Deca Ten Da

102 Hecto Hundred H

103 Kilo Thousand K

106 Mega Million M

109 Giga Billion G

1012 Tera Trillion T

1015 Peta Quadrillion P

1018 Exa Quintillion E

10-1 Deci One Tenth D

10-2 Centi One

hundreth C

10-3 Milli One

thousanth M

10-6 Micro One

millionth µ

10-9 Mano One

billionth N

10-12 Pico One

trillionth P

10-15 Femto One

quadrillonth F

10-18 Atto One

quintillionth A

Metrication in India

Metrication is the process of converting to the metric system based on the International System of Units (SI).

India adopted this new Metric system with effect from October, 1958. The Indian Coins became legal tender in April 1957 where the rupee consists of 100 paise.

A relaxation for next five years was allowed where both old and new systems were legal.

Since 1962 only new system is in force and all other systems are banned.

Today all official measurements are made in the metric system. However, some measurements are still recorded in old system such as heights of mountains in

feet, road width in feet, body temperature in Fahrenheit, sizes of houses in square feet and land in acres etc.

Till now, only three countries namely United States of America, Myanmar and Liberia have not adopted the International System of Units metric system as their official system of weights and measures.

Questions Related to this Chapter 1. How many metre are in a feet? (a) 0.3048 m (b) 0.3642 m (c) 0.4048 m (d) 0.4042 m 2. In which period the gold rate was dropped by almost 7% from its previous value? (a) During Indo China War (1962-66) (b) During Emergency (1974-77) (c) PMship of Morarji Desai (1976-80)

(d) PMship of PV Narsimha Rao (1991-96).

3. ‘Logarithms’ was invented by? (a) John Napier (b) John Neparcus (c) John Adams (d) John Routland 4. Which dry fruit item is covered with three cells before it is consumed? (a) Pistachio (b) Charoli (c) Walnut (d) Almond 5. What is a common word used if a company is engaged in different businesses in different locations including out of country? (a) MNC (b) Conglomerate (c) Alma matar (d) Subsidiaries 6. What is the current rate of tax on STT in share market trading? (a) 0.2% (b) 0.125% (c) 0.02% (d) 0.05% 7. How many Cubic Inches are there in a Cubic Feet? (a) 1676 inches (b) 4011 inches (c) 5176 inches (d) 1728 inches 8. How many pieces of 5x5x10 cms cake can be cut from a large cake of 5x30x30 cms.? (a) 10 cakes (b) 15 cakes (c) 18 cakes (d) 30 cakes 9. How many feet does a Nautical Mile has? (a) 7060 Feet (b) 6570 feet

(c) 6080 feet (d) 8090 feet 10. How many hectares does one acre cover? (a) 6 hectares (b) 0.6 hectares (c) 0.4 hectares (d) 4 hectares 11. Which Reference Book reigns as the ‘All Time Best Seller’? (a) Oxford Dictionary

(b) World’s Atlas (c) Guinness Book of Records (d) Railway Time Table 12. Which is the most frequently used English word in writing? (a) of (b) To (c) The (d) A 13. Which is the least often used Alphabet in English writing? (a) Q (b) Z (c) X (d) W 14. What is called if a house with all rooms made on a single floor but without basement? (a) Villa (b) Mansion (c) Flat (d) Bungalow 15. How many stocks are listed in BSE share market? (a) 1600 (b) 2800 (c) 4000 (d) 5500 16. Which country is the largest producer of Peanut? (a) India (b) China (c) Myanmar (d) U.S.A. 17. Who created ZERO? (a) Bhaskaracharya (b) Newton (c) Aryabhatta (d) Brahm Gupta 18. One Nautical mile is NOT equivalent to? (a) 6080 ft. (b) 1760 yds. (c) 9.2 furlong (d) 1.85 kms.

19. Which vowel of English Alphabet occurs most often in writing? (a) ‘a’ (b) ‘e’ (c) ‘i’ (d) ‘o’ 20. Which is the best selling book all over the world? (a) Ramayan (b) Geeta (c) Bible .. (d) Quraan 21. By which number, the figure 54433211 is divisible fully?

(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11 22. What percentage of paper is used in typing by leaving Margin on a standard format? (a) 30% (b) 40%

(c) 50% (d) 65% 23. Which Play is not a Play of Shakespeare series? (a) Diplomacy (b) Merchant of Venice (c) Measure for Measure (d) The Winter’s Tale 24. One Bigha land is equal to? (a) 20 Bishwa (b) 2.5 Acre app. (c) 1 hectare (d) 4840 sq.yds.

25. In International system of Units Metric System of Weights and Measures, other than United States, which country has not adopted this system as yet? (a) Japan (b) Pakistan (c) Myanmar (d) Russia

Scoring System

The questions are divided into ten slabs of rating, as usual which has a numeral

value. These letters are A, B, D, E, G, H, L, N, O and S.

Q. – Ans. Q. – Ans. Q. – Ans. Q. – Ans. Q. – Ans.

1 – a 2 – a 3 – a 4 – c 5 – b

6 – b 7 – d 8 – c 9 – c 10 – b

11 – c 12 – c 13 – b 14 – d 15 – c

16 – b 17 – d 18 – b 19 – b 20 – c

21 – b 22 – c 23 – a 24 – a 25 – c

Bibliography:

When I compiled this chapter, I took help of some websites related to it. The

following quotes and references were visited.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_reserve

http://infobharti.com/indias-top-10/top-10-diamond-jewellery-brands-of-india.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_size

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrication_in_India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_market Manorama Guide upto 2012.

Thank You!

15th

part of the Book of The Key to Success

Grammar, Conversion Table,

Groceries etc.

has been released. Hope you are enjoying.

Now in this part of book you will find knowledge

regarding Indian Groceries, English Grammar

including Synonyms, Antonyms, One Word

Substitute, Idioms and Phrases, Gold Prices

and Countries, Parts of Buildings, Love Icons,

Conversion Table, Paper Sizes and many more.

I tried to give you as much information as

possible regarding the above subject even

knowing that there is too much to write on the

subject matter.

Again I request you all to share it with your

friends too. Very soon you may buy the book in

parts at a discounted rate from various online

services including Amazon.com separately.