the jewish catacomb of the vigna cimarra

8/18/2019 The Jewish Catacomb of the Vigna Cimarra

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3/22

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'8 *H ;)/7' 2.3 ;)-30)/35 &'(.Nx #K% 30 -9. ;'77.B3' 2.77. y+./4. '8 -9. I)/0),3-. Q/2./ )- W7'/.04.JD9'-'B/)D9 4'+/-.=< '8 W)-9./ 6)/.0-35 IHNx RH I'/()00 2/)@30B '8 #K% 30 2. &'==35 (=H :;z& P% 0H

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>. &'==3 8'+02 -9. 4)-)4'(,E= 4'023-3'0 =' D''/ -9)- 9. +049)/)4-./3=-34)77<)77'@.2 -9. .Y4)X)-'/= -' .(D-< -9. =3-. '8 3-= )/-38)4-=HYX V)0< '8 -9.=.5 )= 0'-.2),'X.5 @'+02 +D 30 93= D/3X)-. (+=.+(H ?9. 4)-)4'(, @)= 0'- 'D.0.2 -' -9.D+,734 )8-./ 2. &'==3E= X3=3-5 )02 B.0./)-3'0= '8 =49'7)/= 7)(.0-.2 -9. ),=.04. '8 )D7)0 )02 -'D'B/)D934 =-+2


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>. &'==3 93(=.78 ()< 9)X. C),)02'0.2F -9. A3B0) ;3()//) -' ='(. .Y-.0-J-9. ;>S* )02 7)-./ 6;S* 0.X./5 30 8)4-5 )==+(.2 /.=D'0=3,373-< 8'/ -9. =3-.N5 ,+-=.X./)7 '8 93= =-+2.0-= ,.73.X.2 -9)- -9. =3(37)/3-3.= ,[email protected] -9. 1.@3=9 )02;9/3=-3)0 4)-)4'(,= '0 -9. SDD3)5 3047+230B -9.3/ D/'Y3(3-< -' .)49 '-9./ )02D'==3,7. =9)/.2 '/3B30= 30 R)=-./0 J'/ @9)- @)= D'D+7)/7< -./(.2 )- -9. -3(.

CI3,734)7FN 8+0./)/< D/)4-34.=5 @'+72 /.X.)7 ) 4'(('0 )02 .X.0 ('/. )043.0- ='+/4.8'/ -9. +02./B/'+02 4.(.-./3.= '8 &'(.H ?)Z30B 93= 4+. 8/'( 2. &'==3E= '@0 @'/Z30 -9. 4)-)4'(, '8 >'(3-377)•@9349 ) 4'77.)B+. 9)2 '04. /.8.//.2 -' )= C-9. 1.@3=9B)77./3.=F•-9. )/49).'7'B3=- V)/3)0' S/(.77303 4'0=32./.2 -9. C(.('/3)

)D'=-'7'/+(F 8'/ -9. /.734= '8 -9. )D'=-7.= 6.-./ )02 6)+7 )= D)/- '8 )0 )043.0- )02.Y-.0=3X. 1.@3=9 ,+/3)7 B/'+02= ,.7'@ -9. ;9+/49 '8 *)30- *.,)=-3)0 -9)-

304'/D'/)-.2 -9. 4)-)4'(,= '8 -9. A3B0) &)02)0303 )02 A3B0) ;3()//)HYY3X S44'/230B -' -93= -9.'/


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@30. 4.77)/H W.//+) (.0-3'0.2 -93= 9


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W3B+/. %_H >.-)37 '8 83BH %# J69'-'O 1H >.77' &+=='N

W3B+/. %PH `+4./0)/3+( =9)8- J=Z.77' &+=='N

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4+,34+7+(5 =9'@30B 4)743+( 2.D'=3-= 'X./ 3-= =+/8)4.HJ69'-'O 1H >.77' &+=='N

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4')/=.0.2 ,< 2.D'=3-= '8 -0#-0,$H JW3B+/.= %]^%KN S 7)/B. 0,-(2(#&"8 3= .Y4)X)-.2


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30-' -9. B)77./< @)77 23/.4-7< 'DD'=3-.-9. 49)(,./ .0-/)04.5 @3-9 D)/)77.7-/.049.= 8'/ -@' =.D)/)-. B/)X.=HJW3B+/. %\N ?9. '-9./ @)77 -'(,= 30 -9.9.77'

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W3B+/. #%H S2+7- 7'4+73 30 -9. 4)-)4'(,H

J69'-'O 1H >.77' &+=='N

W3B+/. ##H >.-)37 '8 'D.0 7'4+73 30 ) =32. B)77./.77' &+=='N

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W3B+/. #_H `'4+73 D)/-3)77< .YD'=.2 ,.9302

/+,,7. )02 23/- 30 ) B)77./.77'&+=='N

W3B+/. #PH ;)743+( 2.D'=3-= 4'X./30B -9.30-./3'/ '8 7'4+73 )02 9+()0 /.()30=H J69'-'O

1H >.77' &+=='N

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4)743+( 2.D'=3-=H J69'-'O 1H >.77' &+=='N


11/22

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J69'-'O 1H >.77' &+=='N

:0 -9. 9)78|4.0-+/< =304. W)-9./ W.//+)E= X3=3- 30%\M]5 -9. 4)-)4'(, 9)= ,.4'(. .X.0 ('/.

238834+7- -' )44.==H S 0.@ D+(D 9)= ,..0

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W3B+/. #\H :0=32. -9. B)77./3.= '8 -9. a+)//.77' &+=='N

W3B+/. _$H S0'-9./ X3.@ 30=32. -9. a+)//.77' &+=='N

W3B+/. _%H *-)3/@)< )02 ('2./0 .0-/)04.

30-' -9. 9


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)02 >)X32 zH `3+ 30=32. )=32. B)77./< '8 -9.4)-)4'(,H

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?9. 8'77'@30B ),,/.X3)-3'0= )/. +=.2O;:1 % € 1(,9"2 :'2-,&9%&('"8 ;"*0&-0,"8 %O R+/'D.5 .2H 1|IH W/.


14/22

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I./730./5 SH C:=49/38-.0 )+= 2.( ;'.(.-./3+( 2./ A3B0) ;3()//)F 30",>&( $* +/,( =(80'(5 &'(.5 %\KK5 0H M#%H

;)DD.77.--35 *H K.$ ;$F&2. 1(88"'&%6 &' =(8$ R,(8 %.$ 7$-('* 1$'%",6 !M1M %(

%.$ K.&,* 1$'%",6 1MI H *+DD7.(.0-= -' -9. 1'+/0)7 8'/ -9. *-+2<

'8 1+2)3=( %%_5 `.32.05 #$$LH

>. S0B.73= 2EQ==)-5GH D0 $ =(80'$P S(#M JC 10%0-(8>$ *$##$?&0 +,*$0%&'0 $* +99&05 &'() *+,-.//)0.) ;/3=-3)0) _5 A)-34)0;3-


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=0'*0'&'&5 &'(.5 %KL#H

G''2.0'+B95 RH &H ;$F&2. 768>(#2 &' %.$ H C`. 4)-)4'(,. .,/)349. 23 &'()5F 7%"*& =(80'& #_ J%\]MNO#K\^_$#H

V+77./5 UH C:7 43(3-./' 2.B73 )0-3493 .,/.3 D'=-' 0.77) X3) 6'/-+0=.5C=$'*&-('%& *$##0 A('%&G&-&0 +--0*$8&0 =(80'0 *& +,-.$(#(/&05

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16/22

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6)/Z./5 1H TH K(8>2 &' 0'* O$0, =(8$5 `'02'05 %K]]H

6)/Z./5 1H TH CU'-.= '0 -9. >)-.= '8 6)30-30B= 30 -9. &'()0 ;)-)4'(,=5F K.$ +,-.0$(#(/&-0# ;(",'0# _P J%K]]NO P_%^PP#H

6./B'7)5 6H D$ 10%0-(8>$ =(80'$C 2%(,&0 $ %(9(/,0G&05 4)-)7'B+. ,< 6H VHI)/,3035 &'(.5 %\\]O #%LH

6;S* 1$'%(-&'W"0'%0 0''& *& %"%$#0 *$##$ -0%0-(8>$ -,&2%&0'$ *T:%0#&05A)-34)0 ;3-0'( *& =(80 *0##T +'%&-.&%0T 0# Q$*&($?(C -(89,$'2(,&( %,0 #0 ?&0 D0%&'0 $ #0 ?&0 +,*$0%&'0 *0##$ Q",0

+",$#&0'$ 0# %$,@( 8&/#&(5 &'(.5 %\\\O #_]^#_Kx _#L^_#]583BH #__H

*D./)H `H CA3) S/2.)-30)5F 30 DKE=7 %5 .2H SH `) &.B30)O %M_^%MPH

*D./)H `H CA3) SDD3)5F 30 7">",>&"8C 2">",>&( *& =(80 *0##0

-,&2& *$# 2&2%$80 *$##$ ?#0 0 |&QV 0H _#$H

A3=()/)H ;H C: 43(3-./3 .,/)343 23 &'()5F 30 7(-&$%0T =(80'0 $*&89$,( %0,*(0'%&-(5 X'7H #5 .2H SH G3)/230)5 &'(.pI)/35 %\KLO_K%^_\#x P\$^M$_H

A3=()/)H ;H C: ('0+(.0-3 .,/)343 23 &'()5F 30 ,$& '$##T&89$,( ,(80'(5 .2H SH `.@305 W7'/.04.5 #$$%O #P]^#M]H

A3-)7.5 VH C`) 6/.=.0w) R,/)34) ) &'() 2)77. '/3B303 )77E3(D./'5F 30 +,%$ I>,0&-0 0 =(80 $ '$# D0@&(5 .2H >H >. ;)=-/'5&'(.5 %\\PO %M^PKH


17/22

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*H ;)DD.77.--35 K.$ ;$F&2. 1(88"'&%6 &' =(8$ R,(8 %.$ 7$-('* 1$'%",6 !M1M %( %.$K.&,* 1$'%",6 1MIM *+DD7.(.0-= -' -9. 1'+/0)7 8'/ -9. *-+2< '8 1+2)3=( %%_5 `.32.05#$$L5 DDH %M\^%L$5 30)44+/)-.7< 2)-.= -9. 4)-)4'(,E= 23=4'X./< -' %KLP )02',=./X.=5 4'08+=30B7,&*/$ X&2%(,6 (G ;"*0&28 [C K.$ D0%$ =(80'V=0>>&'&-

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;3()//) 4)-)4'(, -9)- @377 ,. 23=4+==.2 ,.7'@ J`H *D./)5 :# A0$20//&( 7">",>0'( *&=(80 *0##T +'%&-.&%0T 0# Q$*&($?(C -(89,$'2(,&( %,0 #0 ?&0 D0%&'0 $ #0 ?&0 +,*$0%&'0

*0##$ Q",0 +",$#&0'$ 0# %$,@( 8&/#&(5 &'(.5 %\\\NH33 GH IH 2. &'==35 C*4'D./-) 23 +0 43(3-./' B3+2)34' D/.==' 7) X3) SDD3)5F !"##$%%&'( *&

+,-.$(#(/&0 1,&2%&0'0 M J%KL]N5 DH %LH333 >. &'==35 %KL]5 DH _ )02 SH I./730./5


18/22

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4'77.4-3'0 -)Z.0 -' -9. ;'77.B3' 2.77. y+./4. 30 W7'/.04. 30 %K]%H W)-9./ I/+ww)/.('X.2 '-9./ 30=4/3D-3'0= 8/'( -9. )/.) 0.)/ *)30- *.,)=-3)0E=x 8'/ .Y)(D7.5 ;:`LH# 0H #M#P#H T. 9)2 0'- =..0 2. &'==3E= 0'-.= 8'/ ;:1 #K% )02 /.4'0=-/+4-= 730. # )=J…f†Nphl ‡ˆ‰Je‡gN5 '(3--30B )7=' -9. D/',7.()-34 730. _H RH I'/()00E= 4'D< 8/'(

%KK# J4'0=./X.2 30 (=H 2. &'==3 P%5 8H %L#LPN /.)2= 8'/ 730. _O e JŠ‹NJg‹N ŒH ?'2)< -9.Œ 3= =-377 X3=3,7.5 )7-9'+B9 -9. 30=4/3D-3'0 )DD.)/= -' 9)X. ,..0 47.)0.2 )02 /.|

D)30-.2H 1:[R #HP$L +=.= -9. '72./ /.)230B '8 2. &'==3E= =.0- -' SH I./730./ -9)-/.D/'2+4.= '07< -9. =30B7. 7.--./ Œ 30 730. _ JI./730./ %K\_5 DDH \$^\#NH

X333 >. &'==35 (=H P%5 8H %L#__5 C;3(3-./' 2.B73 .,/.35F 30234)-.= -9)- 30=4/3D-3'0= 8/'(-9. A3B0) ;3()//) 4)-)4'(, @./. 4'D3.2 30-' 2. &'==3E=


19/22

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20/22

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;3()//) 4)-)4'(, C)DD.)/= -' ,. '07< ) 8)(37< ,+/3)7 D7)4.5 0.X./ '8 (+493(D'/-)04.5 D./9)D= ) 4.(.-./< 8'/ -9. X./< D''/H :- 3= 30 47)< ='37 0'- @.77 =+3-.28'/ =+49 ) D+/D'=.5 )02 0'@ 3= 30 ) X./< ,)2 =-)-.HF 6)/Z./E= -93/2 /.8./.04. -' -9.;3()//) =3-. 3= 8'+02 30 CU'-.= '0 -9. >)-.= '8 -9. 6)30-30B= 30 -9. &'()0;)-)4'(,=5F K.$ +,-.0$(#(/&-0# ;(",'0# _P J%K]]N5 DH PP$H :0 -93= /.D'/-5 -9.4)-)4'(, C3= (+49 0.B7.4-.25 )02 30 @.- @.)-9./ 3= 9)/27< D/)4-34),7. -' B.- 30-' 3-5'0 )44'+0- '8 -9. 47)< @9349 )7('=- 83Y.= .S0B.73= >EQ==)- =+/.7< X3=3-.2 -9. =3-.x =.. V+77./5 C:7 43(3-./' 2.B73 )0-3493 .,/.3D'=-' =+77) X3) 6'/-+.0=.5F 3&22$,%0@&('$ *$##0 A('%&G&-&0 +--0*$8&0 =(80'0 *&

+,-.$(#(/&0 %# J%\%MNO #_K5 )02 GH >. S0B.73= >E Q==)-5 D0 $=(80'$5 X'7H #5 &'(.5 %\P_5 DDH %]\^%K$H W.//+)E= %\MP X3=3- 3= 2.=4/3,.2 ,.7'@H

YX333 S0B.7' )02 G3'X)003 I)--3=-) I./0),'E 9)2 '@0.2 -93= X3B0) C) 4)00.--'F 2+/30B-9. =.X.0-..0-9 )02 .3B9-..0-9 4.0-+/3.= JC4'0830)0-. 4'0 7. X3B0. V)02'w3 .*4'D)443)FNO =.. &H `)043)035 7%(,&0 *$/#& 2-0?& *& =(80 $* 099"'%& &'%(,'( #$-(##$@&('& *T 0'%&-.&%0T 5 X'7H M5 .2H `H V)7)X.ww) ;)(D.BB3 )02 VH &H &+=='5 &'(.5%\\M5 DH #]\x X'7H L5 .2H 6H `3X./)03 )02 VH &H &+=='5 &'(.5 #$$$5 DDH %_L5 %P%x )02

*D./) %\\\5 DH #M\5 z? P#\ @3-9 )DD.023Y5 DH P]P J()D %L%5 00H MP#^MP]NH:02+=-/3)7 .Y4)X)-'/ GH IH >. >'(.0343= a+)//3.2 30 -9. )/.) 30 %KP# JS/493X3' 2.77'

*-)-' 23 &'()5 ;)(./7.0B)-'5 D)/-. #5 -3-'7' P5 ,+=-) #K\5 8)=434'7' _#PMNH I.7'@ -9.D/'D./-< -'2)< )/. -9. X)=- )/-38343)7 4)X./0= '8 D'ww'7)0) a+)//3.=H >'4+(.0-= 8/'(-9. ;3()//) .Y4)X)-3'0= )/. Z.D- 30 -9. S/493X3' 2.77' *-)-' 23 &'()5 V303=-./' 2.3`)X'/3 6+,,73435 :02+=-/3)5 SB/34'7-+/)5 ;'((./43' . I.77. S/-35 =.w3'0. M5 -3-'7' %5 M)

J.Y4)X)-3'0= %KMP^%K]$N5 ,+=-) P$]5 8)=434'7' _MH C&'()O `34.0w) 23 *4)X' ;'04.==') G3'X)003 I)--3=-) ;3()//) 0.77) =+) X3B0) D'=-) 8+'/3 23 6'/-) *)0 *.,)=-3)0'FSD/37 %\5 %KLLHY3Y S 0'- 30=3B03834)0- -.49034)73-< 8'/ ) /.a+.=- '8 -93= 0)-+/.5 )= ) D/3X)-. 3023X32+)74'+72 =-377 )DD7< -' -9. 6)D)7 *-)-. )- -93= D'30- 8'/ D./(3==3'0 -' .Y4)X)-. ) 0'0|;9/3=-3)0 8+0./)/< =3-.H QX./ -3(.5 -9. 1.@3=9 4)-)4'(,= 4'0=3=-.0-7< 8)77 30-' -9.4)-.B'/< '8 ;7)==34)7 S0-3a+3-3.=5 /)-9./ -9)0 ,.30B =+,{.4- -' -9. D/'-.4-3X.(.)=+/.= -)Z.0 ,< -9. D'D.= =304. -9. =.X.0-..0-9 4.0-+/< -' =)8.B+)/2 J)02


21/22

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=-377 .YD7'3-N -9. ;9/3=-3)0 4)-)4'(,= '8 &'(.H zH VH W)='7)5 IH 47)/383.= -9)- -9.A3B0) ;3()//) =3-. @)= 0.X./5 30 8)4-5 +02./ A)-34)0 {+/3=234-3'0 30 C%# B3+B0' %\KLO;'0=.B0) 2.77) 4)-)4'(,) .,/)34) 23 X3B0) &)02)0303 )77) *S&5F DTU22$,?0%(,$=(80'( J1+0. %_-95 %\KLN DH _HYY

IH I/'2./34Z5 C?9. I+/3)7 67)4. '8 -9. R)/7< 1+2.'|;9/3=-3)0= 30 &'(.5F 1(89%$=$'*" *" \"0%,&$8$ 1(8/,$2 7-&$'%&G&W"$ :'%$,'0%&('0# *$2 10%.(#&W"$2 JW/3,'+/B5S+B+=- %L-9|#$-95 %K\]N5 W/3,'+/B5 %K\K5 DDH %]$|%K%HYY3 ?9. `34.0w) 23 *4)X' 3= 2)-.2 SD/37 #_5 %KLLO C4'0 7E 30B+0w3'0. D./'E 23 D'/X3 30

/.B'7) 4'77) ;'((3==3'0. 23 S/49.'7'B3) *)4/) JD./ a+)0-' D'-./ .==./. 23 +0))--/3,+w3'0.N 30 a+)0-' )77) 4)-)4'(,) J4/.2+-)N .,/)34) . 2.X. 7E)==.B0' )7

V303=-./' 23 -+--3 B73 'BB.--3 49. 3X3 73 /30X.03==./'HF ?9. 2'4+(.0- ,.)/= -9.=3B0)-+/.= '8 6H RH A3=4'0-35 ;'((3==3'0./ 8'/ S0-3a+3-3.=5 )02 G3'X)003 I)--3=-)G+3235 RY4)X)-3'0= :0=D.4-'/HYY33 A'0 R0B.=-/'(5 %K]L5 DH %\ )02 W/.. S0B.73= >EQ==)- %\P_5 DH %]\5 23=-30B+3=9.= %"G0 %$,,(20

),'X. 8/'( 9(@@(#0'0 ,(20 )- ) 7'@./ 7.X.7H ;3()//) ()< 9)X. 7.)=.2 '+- D'/-3'0='8 -9. B/'+02= -' .Y4)X)-'/= '8 -+88 )02 D'ww'7)0)5 )= 9. 9)2 2'0. 30 )0'-9.//.4.0-7< )4a+3/.2 D/'D./-< J()D %L%O M\%|M\#x \%\|\#$N 8+/-9./ 2'@0 -9. X3)S/2.)-30)5 Z0'@0 )= -9. CX3B0) S00+0w3)-.77)F -9. =+,{.4- '8 ) ,3--./ 7)@=+3- =-)/-30B30 %K]MO 6H U'43-'5 7"##0 K,"GG0 1(88$220 0 30''( *$# 10?M !(@@(C U22$,?0@&('& '$##:'%$,$22$ *$##0 A0,%$ 1&?$ 30?0'%& 0##0 7$@&('$ *T +--"20 *$##0 =M 1(,%$ *T +99$##( 0

=(805 &'(.5 %K]MH W/.


22/22

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6/'8.=='/ >)037' V)ww'7.03 '8 -9. 6'0-3834)7 :0=-3-+-. '8 ;9/3=-3)0 S/49).'7'B< 8'/-9. .Y4.D-3'0)7 'DD'/-+03-< -' 4'0=+7- 2. &'==3E= 0'-.= 8'/ -9. :'2-,&9%&('$21.,&2%&0'0$ E,>&2 =(80$5 )02 -' 6/'8.=='/ Q7'8 I/)02-5 *.4/.-)/< '8 -9. :0=-3-+-.5 8'/=' /.)237< D/'4+/30B ) 4'D< '8 X'0 R0B.=-/'(E= @'/Z 8/'( -9. z03X./=3-< '8 zDD=)7)

30 *@.2.0H

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the jewish catacomb of the vigna cimarra

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