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The Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company Established in 1923 - Portland, Oregon

PURPOSE: This report documents the history and uses of the Iron Fireman building at 4784 and

4644 SE 17th Avenue, Portland, Oregon (Iron Fireman Collective). This report is written in

support of the appeal submitted to the City of Portland administrative board, to establish the

legal occupancy classifications and corresponding occupant load factors for the facility located

at 4784 SE 17th Avenue, as of October 1st, 2004. The intent is to provide a more complete

picture to the reader of the nature of the manufacturing, storage, and business activities in the

Iron Fireman Collective using relevant historical documents and identify where in the building

these activities occurred. This report used available primary sources to document the history of

the businesses that owned or occupied the building from 1923 to 2015 and how they used the

spaces over the years.

EARLY YEARS: As early as the 1920’s,

the area of the Brooklyn neighborhood

from 17th and Powell to Schiller Street

was an industrial district, taking

advantage of its proximity to the

railroad.1 This type of manufacturing

district was common across the US. In

Portland, businesses such as Iron

Fireman, The Product Engineering

Company, and Crawford and Doherty

Foundry began in this neighborhood.

As for manufacturing and warehouse

buildings, while we might think of them

as basic, blocky buildings, they called

for architectural ingenuity. An industrial

building needed space for labor

intensive work to occur, an area for storage of bulky products, a front office for executive,

accounting, sales, and marketing employees, rooms with good light for product development

and draftsmen, and an attractive display area to showcase goods. An abundance of natural light

was required for processing raw materials, machining of parts, and the assembly of goods. The

large windows also provided fresh air. A building of this type also had to accommodate railway

spurs to deliver goods to distributors. All these features are evident for the Iron Fireman

Collective building, including the vital intercontinental connections from the nearby Brooklyn

railyard with the Southern Pacific Railroad with connections to the Central Pacific Railroad.

1 https://pamplinmedia.com/sb/75-features/152141-light-rail-construction-claims-part-of-peco-manufacturing, Light rail construction claims part of PECO Manufacturing Dana Beck, May 10, 2013.

Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company circa 1920’s, source: Oregon Historical Society, reference number, 371N5631.

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Thomas Henry Banfield and Cyrus Jury Parker had a successful contracting business that built bridges2 and prominent Portland buildings.3 The company needed a reliable supply of iron for

their construction projects purchased the small Portland Wire and Iron Works in 1923. Portland Wire and Iron Works designed a machine (called a “stoker”) that was supposed to automatically add coal to furnaces and boilers, but apparently it did not work all that well. Parker redesigned the stoker and named it “The Iron Fireman” and formed a new company. The company adopted a tin man (robot) shoveling coal as its logo. By the late 1920’s, Iron Fireman added plants and warehouses in Cleveland, Ohio and St. Louis, Missouri.

In 1924, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company took over the outdated Coin Manufacturing Company and built a massive building at Schiller Street to meet all the company’s requirements. The Iron Fireman Building, a heating and furnace factory, is one of the few buildings still standing in the neighborhood as a reminder of the 1920-30’s era.

INNOVATIVE PRODUCT AND

MANUFACTURING PROCESS: Iron Fireman was at the forefront of the heating industry to create time released and temperature control heating by coal, and later by oil. The Iron Fireman products were used to heat commercial, industrial, and residential buildings. Shown are some of the large commercial products produced at the Portland plant.

As early as 1927, Mr. Haskell Carter, Product Manager and Chief Engineer, a former employee of the Ford motor

company started to implement Henry Ford’s innovations of standardization, no wasted movements, no wasted materials, just in time manufacturing4 at Iron Fireman. Most of the sales were in the eastern United States, because of the availability of coal. In 1928, Iron Fireman established a warehouse in Cleveland, Ohio to store stokers. This meant only needed materials were stored at the Iron Fireman Building in Portland, which instead was used to create products for just-in-time delivery. These innovations caused the Head of the Accounting Department to write that he was concerned that all the material was not going through a storeroom and issued out for proper accounting. Carter was using a conveyor system to streamline the process. Another of Carter’s innovations was putting assembly tables on wheels or

2 Some of the bridges they built: Vista Avenue Viaduct, Portland; Canyon Creek Bridge, Douglas County, Oregon and Rock Point Bridge, Jackson County, Oregon. 3 Some Portland buildings built by Parker and Banfield: Hawthorne and Buckman schools; Washington High School, and Temple Beth El. 4 Ford, Jr., Henry, My Life and Work: An Autobiography of Henry Ford, New York, 1922.

Iron Fireman Stokers ready for shipping, source: Oregon State University, Special Collections and Archives.

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bins at each of the workbenches, so that all materials could be stored along the line in proper sequence. 5

Iron Fireman Commercial Heating Ads circa 1930s

Smaller stoker and furnace products for the residential market were also created on site.

Iron Fireman Residential Heating Ads circa 1930s

The large furnaces and coal stokers were manufactured on site and shipped across the country by rail. Later a storage building was built east of 18th Avenue, closer to the railroad.

5 Carter, Haskell C. Haskell C. Carter Memoirs, Product Manager and Chief Engineer, Iron Fireman Manufacturing 1926-1951, 1982.

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Railcars of Iron Fireman Stokers and Furnaces circa 1930s

MARKETING DIRECT TO CUSTOMER AND STORING AT THE POINT OF

SALE IN DISTRIBUTOR WAREHOUSE/SHOWROOMS: Iron Fireman promoted its products with aggressive print ads in trade magazines and journals, the Saturday Evening Post, Time magazine and local newspapers. The company also utilized direct mail advertisements sent to business and homeowners. All the advertising was backed up by a network of dealers and door to door salesmen. In 1935, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company sponsored a residential architectural competition to “design of the house for gracious living” including the Iron Fireman heating system in the basement.

One company newsletter relates a story about the owner of one of these furnaces who was not willing to live without it, and instead he relocated it four times as he moved houses!

Iron Fireman had a showroom in Portland and in locations across the US, as well as a team of sales representatives to sell products to homeowners and businesses. The company also used distributors in showrooms across the country to promote and sell the products. All these dealers and markets were managed from the headquarters in Portland – what is now known as the Iron Fireman Collective but at the time would have been called “Plant 1”.

Iron Fireman Distributors circa 1940s Iron Fireman Showroom, Kenosha, WI 1947

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Iron Fireman Sales Conferences, Salt Lake City, UT

The second floor of Plant 1 was the headquarters for the

back-office work of the company including: sales,

advertising, product development, and personnel.6 Iron

Fireman Annual Reports list the address for the general

and divisional sales offices and manufacturing units as

4784 SE 17th Avenue.7 Iron Fireman Manufacturing

Company Annual Reports and several issues of The Iron

Man company newsletter refer to people and specific

departments working on the second floor of the building, such as the Order and Billing,

Purchasing, Production Planning and Costs/Accounting Departments.

The Annual Reports list the addresses of each of the company’s facilities. In the 1946 Annual

Report, the General Offices, Manufacturing Unit, Retail Sales and Divisional Sales were all

listed as 4784 SE 17th Avenue.8 By 1947 the Retail Sales Offices moved across the street to

4629 SE 17th Avenue.9

Iron Fireman Work Descriptions, The Iron Man 1945, and 1946 and the 1948 Annual Report

6 The Iron Man, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company Employee Newsletter, March 1945 p 8. 7 Iron Fireman Annual Report 1948. 8 Iron Fireman Annual Report 1946. 9 Iron Fireman Annual Report 1947.

1940 Iron Fireman Catalog

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When the furnaces and stokers became electronically controlled in the 1930s, Iron Fireman

expanded its electronics operation into a third plant in Portland. This is when the original plant

(today the Iron Fireman Collective) became known as Plant 1. Plant 1 was the primary

manufacturing plant for the company.

INNOVATIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND WELL-TRAINED LABOR ALLOWED QUICK SWITCH

IN PRODUCTS DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II: During World War II Iron Fireman became

part of the war effort and was instrumental in building engines and parts for the Liberty Ships

produced at the Kaiser Shipyard. Each engine weighed 270,000 pounds and Iron Fireman was

under contract to produce 30 engines per month. The 100th engine came off the line on April 12,

1945. These engines were fabricated at “Plant 2” on SW Harbor Drive and SW Front Avenue

(now Naito Parkway).

Iron Fireman produces its 200th Victory Ship engine, August 20,1945

In addition to Liberty Ship Engines, Iron Fireman designed and constructed 125 Iron Fireman

Snow Cruisers at the same plant.

Iron Fireman Manufacturing, Plant 2 in 1944 above, burned down in February 1945.

The Iron Fireman Snow Cruisers were tested on Mount Hood, Oregon.

December 1945

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During WWII, Plant 1 was expanded to produce airplane parts for The Boeing Company, while

maintaining stoker production. The plane parts produced at the plant were wing and landing

gear assemblies.10 Plant 1 fabricated landing gear supports for B17s and B29s, wing fittings,

and hand retraction gear mechanisms.

The photographs on the following pages show how spaces were used inside Plant 1 where

airplane parts were manufactured for The Boeing Company. As discussed further below, Boeing

manufacturing work continued in the building until 2016. For this reason, these photographs

provide evidence of how interior spaces at the Iron Fireman Collective were occupied as of

October 1, 2004.

POST WORLD WAR II –AVIATION AND BOEING ERA BEGINS FOR COMMERCIAL PLANES: After

World War II, Iron Fireman continued to manufacture aircraft components for Boeing. Plant 1

(the Iron Fireman Collective) retained many of its long-time employees who transferred their skill

in making stokers to the machining of aircraft parts. The plant was well equipped with machine

tools and the facilities operated at near capacity.

In 1948, Iron Fireman moved its US production of stokers and furnaces to Cleveland, Ohio. The

Canadian production was done at its plant in Toronto, Ontario.11

10 Iron Fireman Annual Report 1944. 11 Iron Fireman Annual Report 1948.

4707 4777

4784

4720

4629

4644

4785

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Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company continues to build parts for The Boeing Company circa late 1950s – early 1960’s

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12 The assembly work in the images “Section of Aircraft Assembly Department” shows work on steering components of Boeing 707 airplanes. The Boeing 707 went into production in 1955. Source: Interview with Mr. Terry Dollens, Boeing Machinist and assembler of time capsule for The Boeing Company, Troutdale, Oregon.

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Plant 1 (the Iron Fireman Collective)

was updated numerous times in the

1950s to meet the new technologies

required for the nascent airplane

industry. The electronics division of the

company moved to 19000 NE Sandy

Boulevard, Troutdale, Oregon, where it

is now part of The Boeing Company.13

In 1961,

Iron

Fireman

merged its

aviation

business

with the Electronics Specialties Company (ESCO). Space

Conditioning, Inc. bought the Fuel and Heating business in 1963

and the stoker business was sold to the Will-Burt Company in 1966.

CHAPTER TWO FOR THE IRON FIREMAN COLLECTIVE: Around this

time, the Product Engineering Company leased Plant 1 and

renamed it the “East Plant.”

Product Engineering

Company (PECO)14 was

established in 1932 by

Ralph ‘Mac’ Mcgilvra, a

former employee of the

Iron Fireman Company.

The company began in

the northeast corner of

4707 SE 17th Avenue across the street from the Iron Fireman

Collective building. The business involved various manufacturing

products, including tool and die casting, fabrication and finishing,

and later added injection molding. PECO evolved into a designer

and manufacturer of highly engineered commercial aerospace

interior components and systems for the aerospace industry. PECO specializes in Passenger

Service Units (PSUs) which incorporate air handling, emergency oxygen, electrical power

management and cabin lighting systems. It also manufactures a wide range of fuel access

doors that meet stringent strength, fuel sealing and anti-corrosion requirements.15

Most of PECO’s operations were located across the street at 4707 (West Plant) and 4777 SE

17th Avenue (known as the “Walker Building”). Originally PECO did not need the entire space

13 Iron Fireman Annual Reports, 1956 and 1958. 14 Product Engineering Company did not officially use the name PECO until 1967. It is used in the remainder of the document for continuity. 15 Astronics (July 18, 2013) Astronics Corporation Completes Acquisition of PECO Inc. and Amends Senior Credit Facilities [Press Release] Retrieved from https://investors.astronics.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/7/astronics-corporation-completes-acquisition-of-peco-inc

The first of five Sunstrand cycling mills being installed in Portland plant no. 1. Used for highly intricate machining of large aluminum forgings.

From top: Directional power controls, Machined aluminum fittings, Hydraulic mechanism used on landing gear, and Machined aluminum fittings used in wing structure fabricated in the plant images on the previous pages.

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and leased portions of the building to other entities, including at one time a truck trailer

assembly business. PECO ultimately purchased the Iron Fireman Collective.

A Department of Environment Quality

2005 inspection16 of the PECO buildings

states the site operations in the East

Plant include plastic injection molding

and finishing, the manufacturing and

assembly of thermal sensors and

airplane parts (including personal service

units), and warehousing/storage.

PECO’s operations also included both

the 34,000 square foot West Plant and

the 12,000 square foot Walker building.

The West Plant housed the tool and die

casting, machine shop operations and

some storage. The small screw

machining operation and a large parts

storage area were in the Walker

Building. In 2006, PECO converted the Walker Building for parts finishing operations, which

include coating, painting, and associated surface preparations.

The East Plant (Iron Fireman Collective) was also the location of the screw machine shop until it

was moved in 1989. PECO filled a wide range of machine production needs as requested by

clients including the US Post Office for postal carts and Willamette Valley farmers for berry flats.

Over the years, PECO produced passenger service units, which are the overhead units with

lights and vents above seats on airplanes, overhead light assemblies, and oxygen diffusers for

Boeing’s 707, 737, and 757 airplanes in the East Plant.17 This production continued until

Astronics Corporation moved production to Clackamas, Oregon in 2016.18

PECO used the unique first floor administrative offices in the building, once occupied by the Iron

Fireman Company. Hand crafted and carved polished wood paneling along the walls contained

hidden closets and compartments, and all three rooms are filled with stained glass windows not

often found in offices built for business executives.

The second floor of the Iron Fireman Collective on the east side of the building was occupied by

the thermostat engineering and assembly groups.19 20 Additionally, during PECO’s tenure, the

16 Pettit, Don, Project Manager “File Review for PECO Manufacturing Company Facility – Portland, Oregon” Received by PECO Manufacturing Company, Inc. – ECSI File No. 1973, 2002, Portland, Oregon, p. 4. 17 Astronics PECO Receiving Contract Extension with Boeing to Provide Interior and Structural Components, Engineering.com, April 2019. 18 About Astronics PECO - History 19 Don Pettit to PECO Manufacturing Company, Inc. – ECSI File No. 1973, June 6, 2002, “File Review for PECO Manufacturing Company Facility – Portland, Oregon,” Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. 20 Personal interview with Gerald Blount, Retired Manufacturing Engineer, PECO Manufacturing Company, 13 May 2020.

PECO Boardroom, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Building – Portland Tribune

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second story of the original Iron Fireman buildings (the southern end of the Iron Fireman

Collective) was used periodically by Portland Wire and Iron Company’s drafting department.

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TIMELINE OF IRON FIREMAN BUILDING 4784 SE 17TH AVENUE

1912 Thomas Henry Banfield & Cyrus Jury Parker incorporate the Parker &

Banfield Company, construction contractors. 1923 Parker and Banfield Company purchase Portland Wire & Iron Works

Company and form Iron Fireman Company. 1924 Iron Fireman Company takes over the Coin Machine Manufacturing Company

at 984 SE 17th Avenue (now 4784 SE 17th Avenue). Iron Fireman Company constructs building for offices and manufacturing use. 1927 Opens offices and plants in Cleveland, OH and Saint Louis, MO 1928 Cyrus Jury Parker is killed in plane crash, Thomas Henry Banfield was

injured in the same crash. 1939 Ralph McGilvra starts Product Engineering Company at 4707 SE 17th

Avenue.

1941 Iron Fireman begins war time production of parts for Boeing’s B29 aircraft. 1945 World War II ends, Plant 2 burns down, Iron Fireman continues to produce

parts for Boeing. 1948 Iron Fireman moves all US stoker and furnace production to Cleveland, Ohio,

and Canadian production to Toronto.

1955 Boeing begins production of the 707. Iron Fireman produces steering columns, flap pedals and other parts.

1961 Iron Fireman merges with Electronic Specialties Company (ESCO). 1962 Ralph McGilvra, Owner & President of Product Engineering Co. died. 1963 NWI purchased Product Engineering Company

Iron Fireman sells fuel burner & heating control business to Space Conditioning, Inc., Harrisonburg, VA.

1965 ESCO opens Troutdale plant, now Boeing 1966 Iron Fireman sells stoker business to Will-Burt Company, Orrville, OH

Product Engineering Company purchased by North Albany (OR) Land Company

1967 Product Engineering Company purchased by Dean Schamp, Clyde Rushing, A. Whitey Michaels & Ed Halberg; added injection molding and aerospace molding to its product line and changed company name to PECO.

PECO begins leasing Iron Fireman building for production space. 1969 Portland Wire & Iron Works sell the building.

PECO expands operations in the East Plant Building.

2005 PECO moves sanding and finishing processes to the Walker Building. 2013 Astronics Corporation acquires PECO. 2015 Astronics PECO moves all production to Clackamas, OR.

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Sources

About Astronics PECO – History Astronics (July 18, 2013) Astronics Corporation Completes Acquisition of PECO Inc. and Amends Senior Credit Facilities [Press Release] Retrieved from https://investors.astronics.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/7/astronics-corporation-completes-acquisition-of-peco-inc Bean, Rick, Telephone interview, 4 May 2020. Retired Sales Representative, PECO

Manufacturing Company.

Beck, Dana (May 10, 2013). Light rail construction claims part of PECO Manufacturing. Portland

Tribune.

Blount, Gerald (Jerry), Telephone interview 5 May 2020 and personal interview 13 May 2020.

Retired Manufacturing Engineer, PECO Manufacturing Company.

Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft: since 1916. Putnam 1993.

Carter, Haskell C. Haskell C. Carter Memoirs, Product Manager and Chief Engineer, Iron

Fireman Manufacturing 1926-1951, 1982.

Dollens, Terry. Telephone interview, 16 April 2020. Retired machinist The Boeing Company.

Gyros…and…the guys and gals who make them, The International Brotherhood of Electrical

Workers Journal, Gordon Freeman, Editor. Washington, D.C. January 1962.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1944.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1946.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1947.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1948.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1949.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1952.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1954.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1955.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1956.

Iron Fireman Annual Report, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1958.

Iron Fireman for Heating, Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Portland, Oregon, 1936.

Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company photo coal stokers, Oregon State University Special

Collections and Archives, Corvallis, Oregon.

Iron Fireman Manufacturing Co. factory, 17th and Schiller, Portland, Oregon Historical Society

Library, Reference code 371N5631, 1923-1936,

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Iron Fireman Plant 1, Documentary pictures of the Iron Fireman plant at work after the war

years taken by Photo-Art Commercial Studios, Portland, Oregon.

Michaelis, Steve. Telephone interview, 20 April 2020. Retired Vice President, PECO

Manufacturing Company.

Parker House History, Reed College website, Reed College, Portland, Oregon.

Pettit, Don, Project Manager “File Review for PECO Manufacturing Company Facility –

Portland, Oregon” Received by PECO Manufacturing Company, Inc. – ECSI File No. 1973,

June 6, 2002.

Portland Wire and Iron Works, circa 1898, Old Oregon Photos, Portland, Oregon.

Product Engineering Company History. 99W Speed, R.H. Carroll, Lake Oswego, OR.

Report of the Jury of Award, Pencil Points 1935 Architectural Competition, Sponsored by the

Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company. Pencil Points: A Journal for the Drafting Room. Russell

Whitehead, Editor. New York, New York, July 1935.

Selected Remedial Action, Record of Decision for the PECO, Inc. Site, Portland, Oregon.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 15 August 2012.

The “Iron Fireman” Story: History and Information. Alphadrome.net

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 2, No.

4, August 26, 1943.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 2, No.

15, January 28, 1944.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol.3, No.

9, March 15, 1944.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 4, No.

10, May 1946.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol.4, No.

11, January 28, 1946.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 4, No.

3, September 1945.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 4, No.

4, October 1945.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 4, No.

6, December 1945.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 4, No.

8, February 1946.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 4, No.

9, March – April 1946.

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The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5, No.

1, August 1946.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol.5, No.

2, September 1946.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5, No.

4, November 1946.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5, No.

5, December 1946.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5,

No.10, May 1947.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5, No.

11, June 1947.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5, No.

12, July 1947.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5, No.

6, January 1947.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5, No.

7, February 1947.

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8, March 1947.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 5, No.

9, April 1947.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 6, No.

10, May 1949.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 6, No.

1, August 1947.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol.6, No.

4, January-February 1948.

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5, July-August 1948.

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8, December 1948.

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9, March 1949.

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1, November 1949.

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The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 7, No.

2, December 1949.

The Iron Man, published by the Employees of Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company, Vol. 7, No.

3, March 1950.

The Parker House, Reimers and Jolivette Construction Company website, Portland, Oregon.

What Happened to Iron Fireman? Original Equipment Manufacturer of Kewanee & Iron Fireman

Parts. OEM Boiler Parts website, Elizabethtown, PA.