The Immune System

memory and specificity

Chapter 43http://www.cellsalive.com/antibody.htmhttp://inet.uni2.dk/~iirrh/IIRhome.htm

Topics in Immunity• Allergies:--plasma cells, immunoglobulins, and mast cells

--antibodies and antigens

• HIV-AIDS-- infection of T cells-- place of T cells in the immune system

• distinguishing self from non-self

© Dennis Kunkel

One of the culprits: ragweed pollen

Figure 42.14x Blood smear

Figures 42.15 & 16 Types and Differentiation of blood cells

Figure 43.8a,b The structure of a typical antibody molecule

Table 43.1 The Five Classes of Immunoglobulins

Figure 43.16 Effector mechanisms of humoral immunity

Figure 43.12 Clonal selection of B cells

Timing of primary and secondary immune response

pollen (the allergen) stimulates histamine release from mast cells

Figure 43.18 Mast cells, IgE, and the allergic response

Figure 43.14 An overview of the acquired immune responses 2

Topics in Immunity• Allergies:--plasma cells, immunoglobulins, and mast cells

--antibodies and antigens

• HIV-AIDS-- infection of T cells-- place of T cells in the immune system

• distinguishing self from non-self

Figure 42.14x Blood smear

Figures 42.15 & 16 Types and Differentiation of blood cells

Figure 43.9 The interaction of T cells with MHC molecules

Structure and positioning of the Major histo-compatibility complex (MHC) proteins

Class I Class II

Interaction of an MHC protein with its antigen

Class I

Cytotoxic T cell action (FIG. 43.16)

Clonal selection of Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells (FIG. 43.15)

Figure 43.14 An overview of the acquired immune responses 1

Figure 43.14 An overview of the acquired immune responses 2

Figure 43.14 An overview of the acquired immune responses 2

Figure 43.14 An overview of the acquired immune responses 3

Presenting antigens: CD4 helps stabilize the connection.

(usually a macrophage)

Figure 43.19 A T cell infected with HIV

Figure 43.19x1 HIV on a lymphocyte, detail

Figure 18.7 HIV, a retrovirus

Figure 43.19x2 HIV budding

Figure 43.20 The stages of HIV infection

Only cells with both CD4 proteins and chemokine receptor proteins (CXCR4, CCR5) are vulnerable to the HIV virus.

These are the central cells in the immune system.

Figure 43.14 An overview of the acquired immune responses 3

Figure 43.14 Epitopes (antigenic determinants)

Topics in Immunity• Allergies:--plasma cells, immunoglobulins, and mast cells

--antibodies and antigens

• HIV-AIDS-- infection of T cells-- place of T cells in the immune system

• distinguishing self from non-self