The Hydrosphere

All water on Earth

Hydrosphere Stations

Stn 1- A Drop in the Bucket• Breaking down the

percentages of fresh and salt water

• Determine amount usable to humans

Stn 2- Water Cycle Labeling• Identify major reservoirs

(storage sites) for water• Identify phase changes with

each process• Identify locations for each

process taking place

Where is most of the earth’s water?

Can we drink this water?• NO• It is saline (salt) water• 3.5% salt on average• 97% of Earth’s water is salt water.

So where is the Freshwater?

• Ice Caps and Glaciers- not accessible to us• Most of Earth’s freshwater is ice.

So where is the freshwater?

• Surface Water – lakes, ponds, river systems

So where is the freshwater?

Aquifer- a rock formation that can store and allow for the movement of groundwater.

Groundwater- water stored underground in aquifers

The Water Cycle

• Continuous movement of water through Earth’s systems (atmosphere, geosphere, biosphere)

• Driven by SOLAR RADIATION and GRAVITY

Water Cycle Processes (TRIPSEC)

Transpiration- plants release water vapor

Runoff- water moving downhill across land

Infiltration- water seeping into the ground

Precipitation- water falling from sky

Sublimation- solid gas

Evaporation- liquid gas

Condensation- gas liquid

Hydrosphere Stations

Stn 1- A Drop in the Bucket• Breaking down the

percentages of fresh and salt water

• Determine amount usable to humans

Stn 2- Water Cycle Labeling• Identify major reservoirs

(storage sites) for water• Identify phase changes with

each process• Identify locations for each

process taking place

Freshwater

• Watershed: the area of land that is drained by a river

• Therefore…pollution anywhere in a watershed may end up polluting a river

Groundwater

• Groundwater: water that is stored beneath the Earth’s surface in sediment and rock formations

• Water table: level beneath the Earth’s surface where the rocks and soil are saturated with water– Close to the surface – wet areas– Hundreds of meters below surface - deserts

Freshwater

Aquifer- a rock formation that can store and allow for the movement of groundwater.

Groundwater- water stored underground in aquifers

Porosity and Permeability

• Porosity: the amount of space between the particles that make up a rock

• Permeability: the ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it

Groundwater Wells

• Well: a hole that is dug or drilled to reach groundwater.

Recharge Zone

• Surface water recharges an aquifer• Recharge zone: the area of the Earth’s surface

where water percolates down into the aquifer (Infiltration)

October 2nd, 2015

• Hand in Unit 1B homework questions• Reminder! Unit 1 Test on Thursday,

October 8th, 2015• Homework: Read Chapter 11, Section 1

(Water Resources)• Today:–Oceans–Work on study guide for test

Oceans

Ocean Water

• Contains salt – from rocks and underwater volcanic eruptions

• Salinity – concentration of all the dissolved salts. Average 3.5%

Temperature Zones

• Surface Zone – warmest, contains currents• Thermocline – temperature drops

rapidly with depth• Deep Zone – average temp is 2

degrees Celsius

What are the oceans good for?

• The ocean absorbs more than half of the energy from the sun

• Ocean currents distribute heat energy across the Earth, acting like a thermostat

• Phytoplankton provide 70% of Earth’s oxygen

Ocean Currents can distribute heat and regulate climate