hydrosphere: water distribution
TRANSCRIPT
Hydrosphere: Water
Distribution
1.Think About It…
Why is it that the water in your
bottle could have been drunk by
George Washington?
2. The Hydrosphere: An
Overview…The hydrosphere is…
• ALL the water
on/in/over Earth’s
surface
• (Groundwater,
rivers, lakes,
oceans, clouds) http://www.earthview.pair.com/earth300color.jpg
3. The Hydrosphere: An
Overview…
• You must write 2
notes from the
video.• https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=IPWWojtt3kU
http://www.earthview.pair.com/earth300color.jpg
4. The Structure of Hydrosphere
● Oceans—
about 97% of
water found
here.
Landmasses—
3% of water found
here.
5. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
90% is in the form of
polar ice caps and
glaciers.
http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/
Alaska’s Glacier Bay
6. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
Most of the
remaining 10% is
groundwater.
http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/
Alaska’s Glacier Bay
7. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
Only a small fraction
is in rivers, streams,
and lakes.
http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/
Alaska’s Glacier Bay
8. The World’s Water Supply…• Oceans – 97.2% - thousands of years
• Ice caps and glaciers – 2.15% - tens
of thousands of years
9. The World’s Water Supply…• Groundwater - .31% - hundreds to
thousands of years
• Lakes - .009% - tens of years
10. The World’s Water Supply…
• Atmosphere - .001% - nine days!
• Rivers and streams - .0001% - two
weeks
11. The Water Cycle…The Water Cycle…
http://www.euwfd.com/html/hydrological_cycle.html
12. Watersheds and Stream
Systems…
A stream is runoff water that begins to
flow more permanently in a channel.
13. Watersheds and Stream
Systems…
1. A large stream is called a river.
2. The smaller streams that feed into it
are called tributaries
The Rivers of North Carolina…
14. Fresh Water Locations
Surface Water
● What is the difference between a
watershed and a river basin?
● Both terms describe land that
drains into a river, stream or lake
15. Fresh Water Locations
Surface Water
● River Basin: the term used to
describe an area that drains into
a large river
● Watershed: the term used to
describe an area that drains into
a smaller river or stream
North Carolina Watersheds…
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/maps/nc/Watersheds-NC-map.jpg
North Carolina River Basins
16. Watersheds
The watershed of the Mississippi River is
the largest watershed in North America!
http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/lmrsbc/index.html
17.
● Larger river basins are made up of
many interconnected watersheds
● Example: Cape Fear and Neuse
River Basins are made of many
small watersheds
18.
● The water in a watershed runs to
the lowest point—a river, stream,
lake, or ocean
19. Rivers
● What is a river?
● A large channel along which water is
continually flowing down a slope—
made of many streams that come
together
20. Streams
● What is a stream?
● A small channel along which
water is continually flowing
down a slope—made of small
gullies
21. Lakes
● What is a lake?
● A body of water of
considerable size contained
on a body of land
22. Groundwater
● What is groundwater?
● The water found in cracks and
pores in sand, gravel and rocks
below the earth’s surface
23. Groundwater
● What is an aquifer?
● An underground storage area of water
made of permeable rock
● Water has less pollutants
because they are filtered out by
rocks and soil
24. How water moves
underground
● Where does groundwater
come from?
● Precipitation! Precipitation
can evaporate, run off the
surface or soak into the
underground.
25. How water moves
underground
● Where does groundwater
come from?
● Water trickles down
between particles of soil
and through cracks and
spaces in layers of rock.
26. Effects of different materials.
● What are permeable
materials?
● Materials that are full of
tiny, connected air
spaces, that water can
seep through.
27. Effects of different materials.
● What are impermeable
materials?
● Materials such as clay
and granite that water
cannot seep through
easily.
28. Water Zones
3 Types of water zones
●Unsaturated zone
●Water table
●Saturated zone
29. Water Zones
●The unsaturated zone is the layers of soil
and rock above the water table that contain
some moisture AND air. They are not
saturated.
30. Water Zones
●The top of that saturated zone is
called the water table.
31. Water Zones
●The area of permeable rock or soil
that is totally filled with water is
called the saturated zone.
Water Zones
32. Groundwater Storage…
The depth of the water table
varies…
…in swampy areas-
water table is almost
at surface,
…in arid regions -
water table is far
beneath surfaceGreen Swamp, FL
33. Groundwater Storage…If the water table is
❖ high, it is morelikely to flood.
❖ low, it is lesslikely to flood.
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif
34. Groundwater Storage…The water table fluctuates (changes) with the seasons and weather conditions because…
❖ it depends on rain to recharge it
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif
35. Wells
● A water well is a structure created
in the ground by digging or drilling
accessible groundwater in
underground aquifers.
36. Wells
● An aquifer is where the
groundwater is stored underground.
38. Other Surface Waters
● What is a wetland?
● An area where the water
table is at, near or above
the land surface long
enough during the year to
support adapted plant
growth
39. Other Surface Waters
● What are the types of wetlands?
● Swamps, bogs, and marshes
● Swamp: a wetland dominated
by trees
● Bogs: a wetland dominated
by peat moss
● Marshes: a wetland
dominated by grasses
The End
THE END