The Human Body: An Orientation

Chapter 11.1 An overview of Anatomy and Physiology

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Bellwork

1. In your own words define–Anatomy–Physiology

2. Which body system are you most interested in and why?

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The Human Body

▪ Vocabulary• Anatom

y:The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

• Physiology:

The study of how the body and its parts work or function

• Metabolism:

All chemical reactions in the body

• Homeostasis:

Systems maintain a relative constant or balanced internal environment

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The Human Body

–Pick a structure on your body, describe it’s anatomy(structure) & physiology(function)

–Example: ARM (don’t use arm)▪ Anatomy: made of muscles, bones, nerves, blood vessels▪ Physiology: Used to throw, swing a bat, climb

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Levels of Organization

▪ Vocabulary• Chemical

Level:Atoms which join as molecules

• Common Elements:

H, O, N, Ca, Na, K

• Cellular Level:

Atoms and molecules form functional units

• Smallest living units in the body

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Levels of Organization

▪ Vocabulary• Tissue

Level:Groups of cells that work together to perform a function

• 4 Types of tissues:

• Organ Level:

Tissues join together to form a structure, with a recognizable shape and has specific functions

Epithelial, nervous, connective, muscular

• Examples:

Stomach, heart, brain, liver, lungs

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Levels of Organization

Organ Level

• In your notebook or your notetaker pick an organ, draw and color it, and then write 2 sentences on the function of that organ.

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Levels of Organization

▪ Vocabulary• System

Level:Organs and tissues that have a common purpose and function for the body

• There are 11 principal systems in the human body

• Organism Level:

Largest level of organization

• Chemicals—Cells—Tissues—Organs—Systems—Organism

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Levels of Organization (Systems)

▪ Integumentary System (Skin)

• Regulates body temperature

• Protection

• Receives stimuli

• Organs:

• Skin, Hair, Nails

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Levels of Organization

▪ Skeletal System

• Protects and supports body organs

• Stores minerals

• Provides muscle attachment for movement

• Organs:

• Bones, Cartilage, Joints

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Levels of Organization

▪ Muscular System • Brings about body

movements

• Maintains posture

• Produces body heat

• Organs

• Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth muscle

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Levels of Organization

▪ Nervous System

• Regulates body activities through nerve impulses

• Organs:

• Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Sensory Organs

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Levels of Organization

▪ Endocrine System

• Regulates body activities through hormones

• Organs:

• Gland (thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, etc.)

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Levels of Organization

▪ Cardiovascular System • Transports oxygen

and nutrients to the body

• Removes carbon dioxide from the body cells

• Organs:

• Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart

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Levels of Organization

▪ Lymphatic System

• Involved in immunity

• Filters blood

• Organs:

• Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils

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Levels of Organization

▪ Respiratory System

• Supplies oxygen, removes carbon dioxide and regulates acid-base balance

• Organs:

• Lungs, Alveoli, Conducting Passageways

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Levels of Organization

▪ Digestive System • Break down of food

• Allows for nutrient absorption into the blood

• Eliminates indigestible material

• Organs:

• Mouth, stomach, intestines, esophagus

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Levels of Organization

▪ Urinary System • Produces and stores

urine

• Maintains electrolyte balance

• Regulates water volume

• Organs:

• Kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra

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Levels of Organization

▪ Reproductive System • Production of sperm

or oocytes

• Production of offspring

• Organs:

• Testes, ovaries, penis, vagina

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Levels of Organization

▪ Review• I’m gonna put you in groups of 4, using the

slates you’ll answer the following questions

• Pay attention, you might see these questions again(hint, hint)

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 1. ________ Tissues join together to form

a body structure

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 2. ________ Systems maintain a relative

constant or balanced internal environment

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 3. ________ Includes oxygen, carbon,

calcium, etc. in simplest form

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 4. ________ The largest level of

organization

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 5. ________ The study of how the body

and its parts work or function

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 6. ________ Made of organs and tissues

that have a common function and result

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 7. ________ All chemical reactions in the

body

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 8. ________ Basic structure and function

units, the smallest living units in the body

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 9. ________ Includes muscle, bone and

nerve, epithelial, and connective; makes up organs and other parts

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Levels of Organization

A: Chemical B: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ

E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy

H: Physiology I: Homeostasis J: Metabolism 10.________ The science of the structure

and shape of the body and its parts