The Home Energy Station -More than a distributed Hydrogen

refueling solution

Dr. Jim Winkelman

Plug Power Inc.

International Conference on Automotive TechnologyNovember 13-14, 2008

Istanbul, Turkey

Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure

– Gasoline/Diesel– Electricity– Natural Gas

The Energy Distribution System in North America Consists of Primarily Three Networks

Hydrogen Infrastructure

Multiple manufacturing paths for Hydrogen

Natural gas - Reforming

Electricity – Electrolysis(solar, wind, nuclear, …)

Hydrogen Refueling

Station

Fuel Cell Vehicle

Family Energy Needs

Residential

Transportation

Home Energy

Station

Design Concept

Home-size combined system, which provides Hydrogen to FCV while supplying Electricity and Heat to household

　　

Specifications

Specification

SpecificationNatural Gas

Start Up Time

Filling Pressure

Max Power Output

Efficiency

50

35

4

SLM

MPaG

kW

H2 Flow RateSAE J2719 Eq.H2 Purity

10 min54 dB

H2 ModePower Mode

Noise

13 kW

40 %30 %

1455mm

1330mm705mm

System Flow

Grid

NaturalGas

Reforming

DMS(FC or H2 Pump)

HydrogenCompressor

Electricity Heating

FCV

PSA

～～ ～～Inverter

Operation Mode

6 612 18 24

Power Mode12 h

H2 Mode6 h

Thermal Demand

Time

Operation

Typical Operation Pattern

Operation Mode

Grid

NaturalGas

Reforming

DMS(H2 Pump)

HydrogenCompressor

Electricity Heating

FCV

PSA

～～ ～～Inverter

Hydrogen Mode➤　 Generating Hydrogen➤　 Charge Compressed H2 to FCV➤　 Perform Overnight Fill

Operation Mode

Grid

NaturalGas

Reforming

HydrogenCompressor

Electricity Heating

FCV

PSA

～～ ～～Inverter

Power Mode➤　 Generating Electricity➤　 Export Electricity to Grid

DMS(Fuel Cell)

Dual Mode Stack

Reformate

H2.H2O

Exhaust

PowerSupply

Cathode

H+Reformate

Air

Exhauste-Fuel Cell

Hydrogen Pump

Anode

Cathode

H+

Technology ➤ Fuel Cell and H2 Pump

Combined stack ➤ Hydrogen purify and

pressurize (H2 Pump)

Max Power

H2 Flow Rate

Discharge Press.

5.5

65

0.8

kW

SLMMPaG

Specification

Anode

Typical Customer in the LA Area

• Electricity usage – 15,230 kWhr/year

• Heat usage – 13,827 kWhr/year

• Vehicle - 4 cylinder “C/D” class– 24,000 kilometers/year– 1924 liters/year

How Does One Compare Systems?

Today• Centralized Generation

• Conventional Car

• Furnace

• Hot Water Heater

Tomorrow• Decentralized Generation

• Fuel Cell Car

• Combined Heat and Power

Common Ground

Fuel Utilization Overall Efficiency

inputEnergy

requiredEnergynUtilizatioFuelofonMaximizati

2COofonMinimizati

Minimize Waste

Fuel Utilization

The Home Energy Station provides about a 10% improvement in fuel utilization per year

30%

40%

52%

33%

23%

43%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Conventional HES

Eff

icie

nc

y &

Uti

liza

tio

n (

%)

Electrical & Heat Efficiency Transportation Efficiency Utilization

~10% Increase in Utilization

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

10.79.2

2.5

0

4.5

3.6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

ICE & Grid FCV & HES

To

nn

es C

O2/

Year

Vehicle

Heat

Electricity

The Home Energy Station provides a 28% reduction in CO2 per year

~28% Decrease in CO2

Conclusion

Home Energy Station Concept•　 Offers a convenient Hydrogen refueling means for FCV at home•　 Contribute to the deployment of FCVs•　 Reduction of CO2 emissions•　 Save on energy costs

Ongoing Validation Test

•　 Ongoing at Torrance, CA•　 Provides real world operational experience•　 Refueling for FCV and supplying electricity to building

Thank you for your interest