The History of The History of Canadian TradeCanadian Trade

The European ConnectionThe European Connection

John Cabot lands on the shores of John Cabot lands on the shores of Newfoundland in 1497Newfoundland in 1497

Cabot was looking for spices (he Cabot was looking for spices (he thought he had found the orient), but thought he had found the orient), but didn’t.didn’t.

(What he found a lot of, was fish!)(What he found a lot of, was fish!) http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v

=261-NYB7Sko=261-NYB7Sko

During the 1500s and 1600s, During the 1500s and 1600s, hundreds of fishing boats from hundreds of fishing boats from Europe came over to fish for cod on Europe came over to fish for cod on the East coast of Canada.the East coast of Canada.

The cod found a large market in The cod found a large market in Europe once it had been dried, Europe once it had been dried, salted, and taken back to Europe at salted, and taken back to Europe at the end of the fishing season.the end of the fishing season.

Other ships that came over Other ships that came over and traded with the and traded with the aboriginal peoples for furs.aboriginal peoples for furs.

Beaver fur was waterproof, Beaver fur was waterproof, durable, and could be durable, and could be shaped in many different shaped in many different ways.ways.

Beaver hats became a Beaver hats became a fashion rage in Europe that fashion rage in Europe that was to last over a century!was to last over a century!

Even though the French, Dutch, and Even though the French, Dutch, and English still wished to find a route to English still wished to find a route to Asia, they were realizing there was Asia, they were realizing there was lots of $$ to be made in the fur trade lots of $$ to be made in the fur trade as well.as well.

Samuel de Champlain, in the early Samuel de Champlain, in the early 1600s, established the first 1600s, established the first permanent settlement of Europeans permanent settlement of Europeans in Canada. (He was from France.)in Canada. (He was from France.)

Trade had provided the stimulus for Trade had provided the stimulus for settling North America (& Canada)settling North America (& Canada)

Two French explorers and entrepreneurs Two French explorers and entrepreneurs (Radisson and des Grolliers) wished to set (Radisson and des Grolliers) wished to set up their own company in the new world, up their own company in the new world, but the French government in Quebec but the French government in Quebec would not grant them a trading license.would not grant them a trading license.

So, instead, they received backing from So, instead, they received backing from the English government (and received a the English government (and received a Royal Charter to set up business in the Royal Charter to set up business in the Hudson Bay area)Hudson Bay area)

May 2, 1670…May 2, 1670…

In 1670, the In 1670, the Hudson Bay Hudson Bay Company was Company was founded.founded.

The Hudson Bay Blanket was first manufacturedand marketed in 1780.

Hudson's Bay Company

For almost a hundred years, the French fur For almost a hundred years, the French fur trading merchants and those working for the trading merchants and those working for the Hudson Bay Company fought for control of Hudson Bay Company fought for control of the fur trade.the fur trade.

Both French and English had been given Both French and English had been given sole permission from their respective sole permission from their respective European governments – which meant they European governments – which meant they were constantly competing with one were constantly competing with one another. another.

(The French and English were eventually to (The French and English were eventually to fight a war over who would control Canada.)fight a war over who would control Canada.)

Aboriginal GroupsAboriginal Groups

The trapped and hunted animals were The trapped and hunted animals were no longer used just for survival (food, no longer used just for survival (food, clothing, and shelter)clothing, and shelter)

Self-sufficiencySelf-sufficiency was being replaced was being replaced by the principles of by the principles of trade.trade.

Interdependence Interdependence (the reliance of (the reliance of two or more groups to fulfill the needs two or more groups to fulfill the needs and wants of the other) was on the and wants of the other) was on the rise.rise.

Trade…Trade…

Settlements were established to Settlements were established to support the fur trade.support the fur trade.

However, not much manufacturing However, not much manufacturing could be done.could be done.

So, raw goods were sent to Europe So, raw goods were sent to Europe and manufactured goods were and manufactured goods were brought back.brought back.

Early Trade between Canada Early Trade between Canada and Europeand Europe

From Europe to Canada From Canada to Europestylish clothing fishhousehold furniture furprecision tools metals

wheat wood

Activity..Activity..

Read the ‘International Company Read the ‘International Company Profile’ on page 11 of your text.Profile’ on page 11 of your text.

Answer the questions 1 & 2 at the Answer the questions 1 & 2 at the bottom of the page.bottom of the page.

How is HBC doing in 2012? (Search How is HBC doing in 2012? (Search the internet to find this information.)the internet to find this information.)

What is the current focus of HBC’s What is the current focus of HBC’s business activities?business activities?

The American ConnectionThe American Connection

We have already discussed the We have already discussed the differences between the two countries’ differences between the two countries’ economies.economies.

American Revolution sent Loyalists American Revolution sent Loyalists NorthNorth

Invasions were tried over and over.Invasions were tried over and over. War of 1812 caused by trade tensions.War of 1812 caused by trade tensions.

Trade was more natural north-south.Trade was more natural north-south.

Trade with AsiaTrade with Asia

Motivated early explorers to come to Motivated early explorers to come to North AmericaNorth America

Did not really resume until after the Did not really resume until after the Second World War (1950s)Second World War (1950s)

Japan had been decimated – but with Japan had been decimated – but with North American aid, rebuilt its North American aid, rebuilt its factories to the highest standards.factories to the highest standards.

Japan entered the Japan entered the North American market North American market in the 1950sin the 1950s– Selling inexpensive toys, Selling inexpensive toys,

novelties, and novelties, and electronics equipment.electronics equipment.

If it said ‘made in If it said ‘made in Japan’, it was Japan’, it was considered ‘cheap’.considered ‘cheap’.

Many companies tried Many companies tried to counter this image – to counter this image – but the Totsuko but the Totsuko company (later Sony) company (later Sony) became the most became the most famous because of its famous because of its pocket radio.pocket radio.

Japan’s reputation for cameras, Japan’s reputation for cameras, electronics, and automobiles grew steadily electronics, and automobiles grew steadily through the twentieth century.through the twentieth century.

In only a few decades, Japanese brands In only a few decades, Japanese brands like:like:– NintendoNintendo– HondaHonda– SanyoSanyo– FujiFuji– PanasonicPanasonic– SonySonyHave all become household names.Have all become household names.

Pacific RimPacific Rim

Japan has led the other Pacific Rim Japan has led the other Pacific Rim countries into international trade.countries into international trade.

It is now a major trading partner with It is now a major trading partner with Canada.Canada.

Pacific RimPacific Rim

Pacific Rim countries have 29 of the top 50 Pacific Rim countries have 29 of the top 50 busiest ports in the world.busiest ports in the world.

-Shanghai (1-Shanghai (1stst) Ningbo-Zhousan (6) Ningbo-Zhousan (6thth))

-Singapore (2-Singapore (2ndnd) Guangzhou Harbour (7) Guangzhou Harbour (7thth))

-Hong Kong (3-Hong Kong (3rdrd) Qingdao (8) Qingdao (8thth))

-Shenzhen (4-Shenzhen (4thth) Dubai (9) Dubai (9thth))

-Busan (5-Busan (5thth) Tianjin (10) Tianjin (10thth))

HomeworkHomework

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