the hemispheric program for the eradication of foot-and-mouth … oie global conference 2012...

The Hemispheric Program for the Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PHEFA) & virus poolsSouth America

Ottorino Cosivi, Jose Naranjo, Rossana AllendePan American Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PANAFTOSA)Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

Contents

• Hemispheric Foot-and-Mouth Disease Eradication Program (PHEFA)

• The current situation

• Challenges

• Conclusions

• Lessons learned relevant to the Global Strategy

Evolution (1)

• 1951: PANAFTOSA established as a technical cooperation program in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by the Organization of American States (OAS) with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) as the executive agency

• First period (50s-60s): establishment of the diagnostic laboratory and vaccine production plant; investigation on the virus characterization, epidemiology, pathogenesis studies, technical cooperation for the establishment of national diagnostic capacities

• Second period (70s-80s): establishment of the country FMD control and eradication programs, development oil-adjuvant vaccine, establishment of the FMD ecosystem approach, extensive capacity building programs– 1972: South American Commission for the fight Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease

(COSALFA)– 1972: Continental epidemiological surveillance and information system (SIVCON):

based on weekly syndromic geo-referenced information – 1987: Hemispheric Committee for the Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease

(COHEFA)– 1988: Hemispheric Foot-and-Mouth Disease Eradication Program (PHEFA)– 1989: River Plate Basin Agreement

Evolution (2)• Third period (90s-00s): promotion of public-private

partnerships, indirect method for estimating vaccine potency (EPP) and harmonisation vaccines strains and quality standards; wide application of oil-adjuvant vaccine leading to a dramatic decrease of FMD incidence; starting process for the recognition of country/zones free status with/without vaccination; development of ELISA 3ABC-EITB (NSP test) to differentiate vaccination from virus circulation; epidemiological methods to prove absence of virus transmission to support free status process– 2004: Hemispheric FMD Conference, Huston, USA, to revision of the

PHEFA

• Fourth Period (00s-to date): more than 85% population in free zones; 2000-2001 epidemic Southern Cone; virus O sporadic outbreaks in Southern Cone; consolidation of national FMD eradication programs– 2010: Plan Action 2011-2020 PHEFA

PURPOSE Hemispheric Foot-and-Mouth Disease Eradication

Program (PHEFA)

Increase the availability of meat and milk for the people of the Region and improve the social economic efficiency of livestock production, through:

• Improving the opportunity cost of the public investment in animal health and the private investment in livestock

• Removing the limiting factor to technology investment (genetics, feeding, management)

• Eliminating restrictions to international and domestic trade of animal and their products for the Region

PHEFA’S FUNDAMENTALS (1)

1. PHEFA as the Regional political agreement which provides the strategic and technical guidance for FMD eradication

• Action Plan 1988-2009

• Action Plan 2011-2020

2. Knowledge of the natural history of the FMD disease, and its relation with livestock production systems and livestock movement and trade patterns (ecosystem)

3. Veterinary service delivery models incorporating producers, private veterinarians and other private sector stakeholders

4. Characterization of the risk of FMD virus in different sub-regions and ecosystems; which it is now been applied at municipality or farm levels

PHEFA’S FUNDAMENTALS (2)

5. Prioritization and intensification of actions to weaker areas, by directing technical cooperation and support to areas not FMD free and free areas at risk with vulnerable borders

6. Regional coordination of the technical and managerial aspects of the FMD national programs with the support of a reference centre with laboratory, epidemiology and training capacities (PANAFTOSA)

7. Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of Plan of Action 2011-2020 of the PHEFA in the South American countries by a Standing Monitoring Committee of COSALFA, with technical support by PANAFTOSA and the countries

PHEFATechnical and epidemiological guidance

• Areas of intervention according to the current OIE health status

– Free without vaccination

– Free with vaccination

– Not free

• Areas with endemic viral circulation

• Areas with sporadic presence of the disease introduced from external sources of infection

• Areas with no evidence of virus circulation

Libre

Libre No Libre

Libre SV No LibreIndemne

No LibreEndémico

No LibreEsporádico

Libre SVLibre CV

Intervención

Libre SV

Libre

CV

Libre

CV

10

añ

os

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Readecuación del plan nacional de erradicación

Fortalecimiento de estructura de atención veterinaria

oficial responsable por el programa

Readecuación de plan de inmunización para vacunación

estratégica y/o suspensión de vacunación y formación de

banco de vacunas

Fortalecimiento del sistema oficial de control

epidemiológico-sanitario de tránsito animal

Fortalecimiento del plan de movilización social para que la

comunidad comprenda, apoye y participe de acciones

Fortalecimiento del sistema de información del programa

que apoye toma de desiciones

Readecuación del sistema vigilancia epidemiológica,

evaluación y mitigación de riesgo de introducción y

monitoreo sanitario continuo

Fortalecimiento del sistema de gestión y administración del

programa

Cobertura vacinal (% población bovina ) 90 95 95 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nivel inmunitario (% población bovina ) 80 80 85 85 90 70 20 10 0 0 0

Movimiento ganado bajo control oficial (% del movimiento) 70 80 90 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95

Presentación clínica (establecimientos afectados por año) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tiempo de ausencia (años sin enfermedad) > 5 > 6 > 7 > 8 > 9 > 10 > 11 > 12 > 13 > 14 > 15

Estatus sanitario de la enfermedadLib

CV

Lib

CV

Lib

CV

Lib

CV

Lib

CV

Lib

CV

Lib

SV

Lib

SV

Lib

SV

Lib

SV

Lib

SV

Situación Sanitaria de Libre con Vacunación

Componentes y Parámetros

Par

ame

tro

s d

e R

esu

ltad

os

Evolución del desarrollo de componentes y parametros de

resultados en programas nacionales (por año)

Co

mp

on

en

tes

% Cumplimiento 0 20 40 60 80 100 End Endémico Esp Esporádico Ind Indemne Lib CV Libre Con Vac

Financing the PHEFA

• Direct contribution from public and private sectors of each country in their respective programs of eradication

• Technical assistance agreements with bilateral (APHIS-USDA, MAPA-Brazil, SENASA-Argentina) or multilateral (MERCOSUR - FOCEM, FAO-EU-CAN)

• Contributions from global and regional financial institutions and non-refundable refundable credits

• OPS Trust Fund to finance the technical cooperation PANAFTOSA for the PHEFA

COHEFA

Hemispheric level

with sub-regional

representative of

the private and

public sectors from

the 6 sub-regions

COSALFA

11 South American

countries with

official

representatives of

the public and

private sectors

GIEFA

Hemispheric level with sub-

regional representatives

from the public and private

sector with advocacy role

PHEFA

Plan of

Action 2011-

2020

PANAFTOSA

OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory, provision of technical cooperation on

epidemiology and management of programs, including capacity building

National FMD

Eradication

Programs

Political, strategic and technical mechanisms supporting

FMD eradication/prevention in the Americas

Inter-country

agreements and

border projects

Financing the TC of PANAFTOSA

Plan of Action 2011-2020 of the PHEFAPolitical agreement with strategic and technical framework (COHEFA)

Bia

nnual P

lan

(CO

SA

LF

A)

Bia

nnual P

lan

(CO

SA

LF

A)

Bia

nnual P

lan

(CO

SA

LF

A)

Bia

nnual P

lan

(CO

SA

LF

A)

Bia

nnual P

lan

(CO

SA

LF

A)

PAHO’s PHEFA Trust Fund and other financing mechanismsTo complement the available resources and ensure sustainability of TC

on the basis of solidarity among countries and private-public sectors

Reported cases of Vesicular Disease, FMD, Vesicular Stomatitis

Continental epidemiological surveillance and information system (SIVCON)

Reported cases of type O, A, C FMD virusContinental epidemiological surveillance and information system (SIVCON)

J Naranjo & A MendesUnidad de EpidemiologíaPANAFTOSA, OPS/OMS

FMF reported outbreaks 78-82

Weekly reporting



Weekly reporting

FMD situation in South America according to the OIE May 2012

PANAFTOSA, OPS/OMSEpidemiology unit

Health Situation

Surface of the territory Cattle and buffalo herds Cattle and buffaloes

Km2 % No % No %

Free without vaccination 3.808.129 21,4 854.912 16,9 11.694.110 3,5

Free with vaccination 8.743.526 49,2 2.662.945 52,7 272.851.766 81,5

Protection zone 88.190 0,5 16.869 0,3 479.199 0,1

Not free 5.124.056 28,8 1.522.726 30,1 49.557.982 14,8

Total 17.763.901 100 5.057.452 100 334.583.057 100

Total Free 12.639.845 71,2 3.534.726 69,9 285.025.075 85,2

FMD situation in South America in 2011

COSALFA39

*Venezuela is not included

Country

Country FMD program No. local veterinary

unitsSurface Km2No. herds

cattle/buff.No.

cattle/buff.Surface Km2

No. herds cattle/buff.

No. cattle/buff.

Argentina 2,780,525 205,928 52,613,811 2,780,525 205,928 52,613,811 353

Bolivia 1,098,581 56,958 7,642,241 1,098,581 56,958 7,642,241 105

Brasil 8,514,877 2,732,813 214,374,447 8,514,877 2,732,813 214,374,447 1,736

Chile 2,006,096 125,402 3,719,507 2,006,096 125,402 3,719,507 64

Colombia 1,141,768 491,802 23,433,362 1,141,768 491,802 23,433,362 132

Ecuador 256,370 427,514 4,486,021 256,370 427,514 4,486,021 48

Guyana 98,630 3,618 280,310 98,630 3,618 280,310 3

Paraguay 406,752 114,689 12,437,120 406,752 114,689 12,437,120 81

Perú 1,285,216 846,829 4,495,263 1,285,216 846,829 4,495,263 119

Uruguay 175,086 51,899 11,100,975 175,086 51,899 11,100,975 42

Venezuela* ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Total 17,763,900 5,057,452 334,583,057 17,763,901 5,057,452 334,583,057 2,683* El país no envió el Informe a la COSALFA XXXIX.

Coverage of FMD national programs in 2011: COSALFA39

FMD vaccine production, control and availability by countrySouth America (COSALFA39)

Elaborada (en 2011)

Controlada* (en 2011)

Dosis Disponibles** (distribuidas)

Dosis

País Valencia Cepa Aprobada Exportada Importada Disponible

Bovino

Argentina

Bivalente A24 Cruzeiro, O1 Campos 7,614,690 7,614,690 7,614,690 7,614,690 0 0 -

TrivalenteA24 Cruzeiro, O1 Campos, C3

Indaial54,483,195 54,483,195 54,483,195 54,483,195 0 0 -

TetravalenteA24 Cruzeiro, A2001 Argentina,

O1 Campos, C3 Indaial88,046,625 80,691,965 79,495,965 0 931,725 86,707,445 1.67

Bolivia TrivalenteA24 Cruzeiro, O1 Campos, C3

Indaial0 0 0 0 12,557,485 12,557,485 1.86

Brasil

Bivalente A24Cruzeiro, O1Campos 9,260,445 5,360,135 5,360,135 5,360,135 0 0 -

Trivalente A24Cruzeiro, C3Indaial,O1Campos 458,950,395 496,955,980 491,484,770 4,232,035 43,365,720 486,013,564 1.70

Colombia Bivalente A24 Cruzeiro, O1 Campos 61,305,920 50,475,650 47,982,235 5,115,390 0 44,494,605 1.91

Ecuador Bivalente O1 Campos y A24 Cruzeiros 0 0 0 0 7,789,470 7,789,470 1.74

Paraguay

Bivalente A24 Cruzeiro, O1 Campos 3,006,000 3,006,000 3,006,000 3,006,000 0 0 -

TrivalenteA24 Cruzeiro, O1 Campos, C3

Indaial26,006,000 26,006,000 25,000,000 0 11,596,670 36,573,520 2.94

Perú Bivalente A24Cruzeiro, O1Campos 0 0 0 0 120,000 120,000 Vac.Tatica

Uruguay Bivalente A24 Cruzeiro, O1 Campos 0 0 0 0 20,000,000 19,282,692 1.74

Venezuela***

Bivalente ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

TOTAL

Bivalente 81,187,055 66,456,475 63,963,060 15,980,825 27,909,470 71,686,767

Trivalente 539,439,590 577,445,175 570,967,965 58,715,230 67,519,875 535,144,569

Tetravalente 88,046,625 80,691,965 79,495,965 0 931,725 86,707,445

* Incluye dosis producidas en 2010 y no necesariamente todas las dosis producidas en 2011.

** Dosis de vacuna distribuidas en el país (independe del año de producción y incluye dosis remanecientes del año anterior)

*** El país no envió el Informe a la COSALFA XXXIX.

Country 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Argentina 93.889 114.819 119.015 119.015 116.622 131.610

Bolivia 8.145 1.977 6.105 6.948 10.699 10.699

Brasil 439.810 634.708 653.192 727.300 914.673 1.092.313

Chile 1.355 1.760 4.009 4.615 3.822 3.822

Colombia 24.751 24.255 27.328 23.626 66.436 24.861

Ecuador 1.939 5.531 7.135 9.737 9.119 10.789

Paraguay 6.641 7.174 13.339 8.244 12.093 1.141

Perú 639 283 812 848 1.339 1.228

Uruguay 20.187 23.878 29.689 25.975 33.888 30.327

Total 597.356 814.384 860.625 926.310 1.168.690 1.315.496

Total expenditure by national FMD programs2006-2011 (US$ x 1000)*

*Source COSALFA

Pais Sectores Gasto / Sector Gasto Total Población BovinaGasto/

BovUnid Vet Locales

Gasto/ UVL Publ /Priv

ArgentinaPublico 30.609,61

131.610 52.613.811 2,5 353 372.832 0,3Privado 101.000,00

BoliviaPublico 5.511,00

10.699 7.642.241 1,4 105 101.895 1,1Privado 5.188,00

Brasil1 Publico 754.632,471.092.313 214.374.447 5,1 1.736 629.213 2,2

Privado 337.680,60

ChilePublico ...

3.822 3.719.507 1,0 64 59.719Privado ...

ColombiaPublico 10.601,54

24.861 23.433.362 1,1 132 188.342 0,7Privado 14.259,62

EcuadorPublico 8.321,63

10.789 4.486.021 2,4 48 224.766 3,4Privado 2.467,13

GuyanaPublico 1.140,70

1.141 280.310 4,1 3 380.233 -Privado 0,00

ParaguayPublico 12.528,48

12.528 12.437.120 1,0 81 154.673-Privado 0,00

PeruPublico 1.228,21

1.228 4.495.263 0,3 119 10.321-Privado 0,00

UruguayPublico 21.933,21

30.327 11.100.975 2,7 42 722.078 2,6Privado 8.394,07

Venezuela*Publico ...

... ... ...Privado ...

Total GeneralPublico 846.506,85

1.315.496 334.583.057 3,9 2.683 490.308 1,8Privado 468.989,42

FMD Programs private/public sectors investments (COSALFA39)

Recent important events 2011-2012South America (1)

• 9 outbreaks FMD were notified: 8 virus O (5 Ecuador, 2 Paraguay, 1 Venezuela) and 1 virus A (Venezuela)

• Bolivia had 5 years without FMD outbreaks (last outbreak February 2007) and received the OIE recognition of free without vaccination for the Region del Altiplano

• Brazil started epidemiological studies for the recognition of free zone with vaccination in the states of its Northeast Region

• Peru has requested the OIE recognition of free without vaccination for the remaining part of its territory

• Ecuador and Venezuela maintain FMD virus circulation

Recent important events 2011-2012South America (2)

• Ecuador improved its veterinary service and strengthened the FMD program with a drastic increase of the vaccination coverage, surveillance and movement control

• Colombia continues implementing an intensified surveillance and prevention strategy in its border areas

• FAO project with CAN continues to provide technical cooperation to Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela; IICA, USDA/APHIS continue to provide technical cooperation

• Amazon Region maintains its indene status along with Guyana free without vaccination

Challenges

• Maintain the political commitment, investment and stakeholders participation to achieve the goal of eradication by 2020

• Strengthen the FMD program of Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela

• Strengthen monitoring mechanisms to detect residual virus circulation in the Southern Cone

• Maintain an active follow up participation of the countries to the monitoring process of the PHEFA

Conclusions

• FMD was notified from an area previously recognized as free, a very important center of livestock production in the Southern Cone

• Most countries are increasing their investment in FMD eradication program

• Circulation of FMD virus remains endemic epidemic in Ecuador and Venezuela, posing a risk to the regional eradication

• There still are numerous challenges to eradication where FMD virus circulation persists requiring a coordinated and systematic work at national and regional levels and a solidarity effort among the countries

Lesson Learned from PHEFA relevant to the Global Strategy

• PHEFA is the result of a political commitment, and provides the strategic and technical evidence-based framework for countries coordinated actions

– Regional approach

– Private-public collaboration

– Monitoring mechanisms: regional information and surveillance (SIVCON); PHEFA monitoring processes; COSALFA, COHEFA

• Technical cooperation and coordination (PANAFTOSA)

– Development of human resources

– Reference laboratory services and research

– Country TC support on epidemiology and program management

OrganizaciónPanamericana de la Salud

GRACIAS

http://new.paho.org/panaftosa

the hemispheric program for the eradication of foot-and-mouth … oie global conference 2012...

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