TheHabitableExoplanetImagingMission(HabEx):

Exploringourneighboringplanetarysystems,andsearchingforandcharacterizingpoten@ally

habitableWorlds.

ScoDGaudi(OSU–CommunityChair)SaraSeager(MIT–CommunityChair)

BertrandMennesson(JPL–CenterStudyScien@st)KeithWarfield(JPL–StudyManager)

(FiguresandslidesstolenfromMaggieTurnbull,PaulHertz,TyRobinson,ChrisStark,PaulScowen,Shawn-DomagalGoldman,KeithWarfield,andprobablyothers…)

TheHabExSTDT.(mostly)

18STDTMembers,StudyScien@st,StudyManager,2HQLiaisons,5Interna@onalObservers,8WorkingGroups(+JohnClarkeandChrisStark)

hDp://www.jpl.nasa.gov/habex/

Communica@onMethodology.

•  Regular,weeklySTDTtelecons:essen@al.• Weeklyleadershiptelecons:equally,ifnotmore,essen@al.•  OnecommunitychairregularlyaDendthedesignteammee@ngsenablesastrongconnec@onbetweentheSTDTanddesignteam.– Thisfacilitatedtheflowofinforma@onandaidedinmakinginformeddesignchoices.

HabExStudyGoals.•  Highest-levelgoals:

“Developanop+malmissionconceptforcharacterizingthenearestplanetarysystems,anddetec+ngandcharacterizingahandfulofExoEarths.”

“Giventhisop+malconcept,maximizethegeneralastrophysicssciencepoten+alwithoutsacrificingtheprimaryexoplanetsciencegoals.”

•  Op@malmeans:–  Maximizingthescienceyieldwhilemaintainingfeasibility,i.e.,adheringtoexpectedconstraints.

•  Constraintsinclude:–  Cost,technology(risk),@metodevelopmission.

•  Thussomeprimarylower-levelgoalsinclude:–  Iden@fyandquan@fywhatscienceyieldsaredesiredandop@mal.

–  Iden@fyandquan@fytherangeofpoten@alconstraints.

Wehavechosentoadoptconverva/veexpecta@ons.

•  HabExisadop@ngaconserva/veapproach.

•  FromKeithWarfield’sstudyofpastdecadalmissions:–  “Allpastmissionspriori@zedbytheDecadalSurveywerethoughttobeunder$3B”

–  Onlyallowed~3toothfairies.

$7.0Bby2035(likelyoutofdate)

PaulHertz

HabExScienceGoals.•  Explora@on-based:

–  Howmanyuniqueplanetarysystemscanweexploreingreatdetail,determine“theirstory”,includingfindingandcharacterizingpoten@alhabitableworlds?

–  HabExwillexploreNsystemsassystema@callyandcompletelyaspossible.

–  Leverageabundantpre-exis@ngknowledgeaboutournearestsystems,acquireasmuchaddi@onalinforma@onaspossible.

–  Takethefirststepintotheunknown!

•  SearchforPoten@allyHabitableWorlds–  Detectandcharacterizeahandfulofpoten@allyhabitableplanets.–  Searchforsignsofhabitabilityandbiosignatures.

•  Op@mizedforexoplanetimaging,butwills@llenableuniquecapabili@estostudyabroadrangeofgeneralastrophysicstopics.

RandomInternetFigure

CH4 CH4CH4

CH4

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htne

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Wavelength[nm]

CoolNeptune

Venus

Cloud

Sulfurspecies

MarsRayleigh

3-barEarthO3

SurfaceOxides

O3

SO2

CourtesyofTyRobinson

ImagefromSTScIdatafromTurnbulletal.

ImagefromNASA

H2OH2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

O2

H2OO2

O3

O2

CO2

CO2

CourtesyofTyRobinson

Venus

Mars

Earth

CO2

CourtesyofTyRobinson

CourtesyofT

yRo

binson

5mHabEx:10hrforaEarthlikeplanetat5pc12mLUVOIRforatargetat12pc.5mHabEx:30hrat7pc12mLUVOIR:foratargetat17pc.

SNR=10at0.55um

SNR=10at0.55μm10-10rawcontrastConstant30%throughputIntegra@on@meperbandpass

Yields.

FromStarketal.2016

0

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100

150

200

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ld

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War

m

Col

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m

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War

m

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C.Stark,UsingSAG13OccurrenceRates

Solid:Detec@ononlyDoDed:Threebanddetec@on,immediatecharacteriza@onDashed:Detec@onandimmediatecharacteriza@onDot-Dashed:Fullorbitbeforecharacteriza@onTriple-dotDashed:Characteriza@on,thenorbits(starshadeonly)

GeneralAstrophysics•  Considerwhatwillbeorhasbeenavailable:– HST–  JWST– Ground-basedELTs

•  UVfor>2.5mprovidesanovelcapability•  UVSpectrometerandUVOIRImager

CourtesyofPaulScowen

GeneralAstrophysicsandSolarSystemThemes.

•  HubbleConstant•  EscapeFrac@on•  CosmicBaryonCycle•  MassiveStars&Feedback•  StellarArchaeology•  DarkMaDer•  PlanetaryAuroraandExospheres•  PlumesfromSmallSolarSystemBodies

TheFourGraces:JohnClarke,PaulScowen,RachelSomerville,DanStern

j p l . n a s a . g o v

HabEx Design Team Name Role

KeithWarfield StudyLeadBertrandMennesson StudyCenterScien@stGaryKuan DesignLeadStefanMar@n Op@csLeadJoelNissen Systems&Structures;StabilityRhondaMorgan DRM&scienceyieldStuartShaklan starshade&coronagraphexpertDougLisman StarshadeexpertDavidWebb StarshadeexpertEugeneSerabyn coronagraphexpertJohnKrist coronagraphexpertAlinaKiessling associatecenterscien@stBalaBalasubramanian coa@ngsexpertPhilStahl MSFC-TelescopeSteveWarwick NorthrupGrumman-StarshadeexpertShoulehNikzad DetectorsLeadJohnHennessy detectorsexpertFangShi LOWFSCexpertconsultant

HabExDesignStatus

•  Completedseveraldesigntradesbeforethe4marchitecturetrade–  Polariza@ondrivencontrastvs.telescopeF#–  Coronagraphsensi@vitytotelescopeinducedwavefronterror–  Starshadesizingvsbandwidthandinnerworkingangle–  LeveragedtheLUVOIRSegmentedCoronagraphDesignandAnalysis

Study–  Instrumentsizing,costandtechnicalriskstudieswereconducted

withTeamX–  ManytechnologyassessmentsaimedatminimizinglowTRL

technologyusage

•  4mArchitecturetradeisseDled–  Evaluated4architectures:starshadeonly,coronagraphonly,

starshadeandcoronagraphandtwostarshades–  Baselinedesignisanunobscuredtelescopewithacoronagraphand

starshade–  PrimarygeneralastrophysicsinstrumentisaUVspectrographwitha

widefield“workhorse”cameraasapossiblesecondcontributedinstrument

UsedKepner-Tregoe(KT)MethologytoseDleonanarchitecture.

HabExDesignStatus•  JPLandNGASStarshadedesignshavebeencompleted

–  MechanicalandthermalperformanceanalysesareunderwaywiththeJPLdesign

•  Thetelescopeandinstrumentop@callayoutshavebeencompleted

•  Telescopedesigniswellunderway•  TeamXdesignsofthestarshadeandtelescopebusesarein

dra{form•  Currentlypursuingatelescopebusdesignwithoutreac@on

wheels–  Micro-thrustertechnologyisflightproven–  Simplifiesthedesignandreducesrisk

•  ExtensivetechnologyTRLdiscussionswithExEPinadvanceoftheP&Lmee@ngandO2delivery

•  Workingtocompleteinstrumentdesigns,micro-thruster/telescopestabilitymodeling,andstarshadethermalperformancesimula@ons

Architectures.Property(Baseline) Architecture#1 Architecture#2

Aperture 4m 6.5m

PrimaryMirror Monolithic,Al,f/2.5 Segmented(TBD)

SecondaryMirror Off-axis Off-axis(TBD)

Stabiliza@on LaserMetrology(M2) TBD

Coa@ngs M1,M2,M3:Al TBD

CoronagraphInstrument HLC/VV6,Ag(OIR) TBD

Wavelength(highcontrast) 250nm-1.8μm TBD

Wavelength(GA) 120nm-1.8μm(stretch90nm-2μm) TBD

Starshade Yes,~70m(TBR)UVOIR TBD

GeneralAstrophysicsInstrument#1

WorkhorseUVOIRCamera(10arcmin2FOV,diff.limitedat400nm),MicroshuDerarrays

TBD

GeneralAstrophysicsInstrument#2

HighRes;60kUVSpectrograph,MicroshuDerarrays TBD

Starshad

e

Corona

grap

h

TechnologyGapExEPTRL

AssessmentatP&L

OurAssessment

atFinalReport

PetalShapestability 3 3 Highpriority.Needsaplan.PetalPositionAccuracy 3 3 Highpriority.Needsaplan.

LOWFSandcontrol 3 4HighPriority.OncewecandemonstratethatweneedonlythesameLOWFSimplementationasWFIRSTwecanmovetoTRL4.

StarshadeStarlightSuppression 3 4 TechnologybeingadvancedintheS5projectStarshadeEdgeScattering 3 4 TechnologybeingadvancedintheS5project

Micro-Thrusters 3 5ExEPneededanalysisthatdemonstratedthattheexistingthrusterswouldworkforHabEx.Wearedoingthisnow.Oncecomplete,thetechnologymovestoTRL5sincealreadydemonstratedinspace.

CoatingUniformityonLargeOptics 4 4 Highpriority.Needsaplan.CoronagraphArchitecture 4 4LargeAperturePrimary 4 4FormationFlying 4 4 TechnologybeingadvancedintheS5project.

DeformableMirrors 5 5VisibleDetectors 5 5

NIRDetectors 3 4or5ExEPneedsanalysisshowingthatthecurrentSOAwillmeetHabExneeds.MaybeabletoleverageworkinJWSTtoshowHgCdTedetectorsaresuitablefortheHabExenvironment.

Enabling

Enhancing

TechnologyGapsandTRLAssessments

LessonsLearned:DecisionMaking•  Smallworkinggroupswithstrongleadsareaproduc@vewayoffocusing

effortintoansweringspecificques@ons,developingsciencecases,andexploringtechnologyrequirements

•  TheK-Tmatrixmethodologywasveryusefulforhighligh@ngobjec@vedifferencesbetweendifferentarchitecturesandge�ngSTDTbuy-inononespecificarchitecture

•  TheK-Tmatrixmethodology,combinedwiththeworkinggroupproducts,wasveryhelpfulinbuildingintui@onabouthowsurveystrategy,scienceyield,risk,cost,andcomplexityplayagainstthespecificarchitecturetrades.

•  Limi@ngtheTradespaceisaprocess–  Tradeconstraintsmustnotonlybejus@fiedbuttheirscienceconsequences

mustalsobeunderstood–  Technologyrisksrequire@metoassessandtosocialize

•  EffortisneededtogainacceptanceinsideandoutsideoftheSTDT•  Ittakes@metogettheSTDTtorecognizeandacceptonlyenablingtechnologies

SummaryPrimaryHabExScienceGoals:•  Developanop@malmissionconceptforcharacterizingthenearestplanetary

systems,anddetec@ngandcharacterizingahandfulofExoEarths.•  Enableabroadrangeofsolarsystemandgeneralastrophysics.

OuroverallApproach:•  Maximizingthescienceyieldwhilemaintainingfeasibility,i.e.,adheringto

conserva/veexpecta@onsonconstraints:cost,technology,risk,@metodevelopmission.

ConsideringTwoArchitectures:•  4mmonolith.•  6.5msegmented.•  Thisisacomplexregionoftradespace.

Forthe4mArchitecture:•  SixenablingTRL3technologiesthatneedtobematured:4starshade,2

coronagraph.•  ExpecttwoTRL3technologiesbyfinalreport.