the gospels tentmakers nts survey april 2010. why four gospels?
TRANSCRIPT
The GospelsTentMakers NTS Survey
April 2010
Why Four Gospels?
Luke: Man
WisdomCharacte
r
John: EagleDeityEternity
Luke: OxSuffering
ServantServicePower
Matthew: LionMessiah KingAuthorityStrength
Topic Matthew Mark Luke JohnDate 50-68 50-68 60-68 96-100
Place Syria RomeRome/Greece
Ephesus
AudienceJewish Mind
Roman Mind
Hellenistic Jewish Mind
Universal
Traditional Portrait
Lion Bull Man Eagle
Uniqueness
42% 7% 59% 92%
Key Words “fulfilled” “immediately”
“Son of Man”
“believe”
The Gospels Compared and Contrasted
Synoptic Gospels
•97% of Mark is repeated in Matthew and Luke
•Matthew and Luke gain over 40% of their content from Mark
•Matthew and Luke also share about 25% of their content - perhaps from a common source
Two Source
Hypothesis
•97% of Mark is repeated in Matthew and Luke
•Matthew and Luke gain over 40% of their content from Mark
•Matthew and Luke also share about 25% of their content - perhaps from a common source
MarkMarkMarkMark QQQQ
MatthewMatthew LukeLuke
Matthean Primacy•Early Church Witness•Papias•Ignatius•Irenaeus (link to Polycarp)
MarkMarkMarkMark
LukeLukeLukeLuke
MattheMattheww
MattheMattheww
JohnJohnJohnJohn
JohnJohnJohnJohn
Gospel of Matthew
• “This is Jesus the King of the Jews” 27:37
• Authorship
• Genealogy to David and Abraham
• OT Link with 5 Teaching Blocks 5:3-7:27, 10:5-42, 13:13-52, 18:3-35, 24:4-25:46
• Eschatology in parables and 24-25, 28:20
• Kingdom of Heaven
• Authority over Israel’s most prized institutions: Law, Sabbath, Prophets, Temple, and Kingship
• Only Gospel that mentions “Church” 16:18 and 18:11
• Still concerned for Gentiles 8:11-12, 15:24, 21:43, 28:19 despite Jewish emphasis
Overview of Matthew
Gospel of Mark
• “For the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many.” 10:45
• Authorship (with Peter)
• Interesting Omissions
• Rapid succession of events “Immediately” 41x
• Pattern of discipleship
• Stresses secrecy imposed by Jesus 1:25, 34, 44; 3:12; 5:43; 7:36; 8:26, 30; 9:9
• Repeatedly notes the presence of the masses with removal from crowds for discipleship
• 11-16 on last week of life
• Emotions of Jesus noted
• High Christology
Overview of MARK
Gospel of Luke
• “For the Son of Man came to seek and save that which was lost” 19:10
• Authorship
• Genealogy to David and Abraham
• Emphasis on ministry of the Holy Spirit 1:15, 35; 3:22; 4:1, 18; 10:21
• Only tie to secular history 2:1-2, 3:1
• Jewish emphasis often overlooked 1:8, 21-22; 2:27,37, 41-51; 24:53)
• Over twenty references to angels, highlighting the deity of the Son of man
• Emphasis on redemption with extensive reference to Isaiah 53 and 40-66
• Special “travelogue” section of progression to Jerusalem 9:51-19:27
Overview of LUKE
Gospel of John
• “This is Jesus the King of the Jews” 27:37
• Authorship 20:30-31
• Elephant’s swimming pool
• Personal interviews
• 7 Key Signs or Miracles
• Father Son relationship
• Holy Spirit discourses
• Prologue is unique with focus on “logos”
• 92% unique, philosophical/theological
• Geographical difference with focus on Judea
• Three or four passovers gives a ministry of about 3 and 1/2 years
Overview of John