APPLICATIONSITO replacement, conductive inks,

e-paper and many more.

THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR CARBON NANOTUBES,

GRAPHENE, QUANTUM DOTS and NANOWIRES IN

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

COMPANIESAll the leading

companies profiled.

MARKETSEnd user markets

and products.

REVENUESAddressable market

figures.

AUGUST 2014£650 FUTURE MARKETS

www.futuremarketsinc.com

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EDITOR’S LETTER

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYNanotechnology is a key driver for new and innovative electronics applications.

5 METHODOLOGY

6 INTRODUCTIONNanomaterials in electronics.

10 Electronic packagingMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target market estimates.

12 DisplaysMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target-market estimates.

15 Data storageMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target-market estimates.

17 TransistorsMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target-market estimates.

19 PhotonicsMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target-market estimates.

24 Carbon NanotubesProperties, effect, applications and companies.

30 GrapheneProperties, effect, applications and companies.

39 NanowiresProperties, effect, applications and companies.

43 Quantum dotsProperties, effect, applications and companies.

Future Markets, Inc.Published by Future Markets, Inc. and Nanotech Magazine, August 2014. Tel +44 (0) 131 478 0921Fax +44 (0) 872 115 4084 Email: info@futuremarketsinc.com Web: www.futuremarketsinc.com

© Future Markets, Inc. 2014

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contentsNANOMATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS

50 FullerenesPoperties, effect, applications and compa-nies.

52 GermananeProperties, effect and applications.

53 SiliceneProperties, effect and applications.

54 GraphdiyneProperties, effect and applications.

56 GraphaneProperties, effect and applications.

57 Molybdenum DisulfideProperties, effect and applications.

59 Producers, application developers and OEMS

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2-D nanomaterials promise to lead to signifi-cant breakthroughs in nanoelectronics.

N anotechnology is making a significant impact on the electronics sector, driven

by consumer demand for smaller and more powerful technology and the need to enhance the speed and performance of computing com-ponents while reducing their size. A number of electronic products made with nanomaterials are already commercially available and more are coming onto the market in 2014. Liquid repellent, thermal, conductive, magnetic and anti-corrosive nanocoatings have been applied inside and outside con-sumer electronic devices. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires and quantum dots are finding their way into the displays and touch-screens markets.

Economic impactMicro- and nanoelectronics under-pin a significant part of the global economy. • The global turnover of the sector was $310 billion in 2012. The value of products comprising micro- and nanoelectronic components repre-sents around $215 billion of value globally.• Despite the recent financial and economic setbacks, the worldwide market for micro- and nanoelec-tronics has grown by 5% per year

since 2000. Further growth of at least the same magnitude is pre-dicted for the remaining part of the current decade. • The pace of innovation in the field is one of the main drivers behind the high growth rates of the whole digital sector which today has a total value of around $4050 billion worldwide. Dow Chemical estimate the current addressable electronics market to be $95 billion with an-nual growth of 5%-7%.• The impact of micro- and nano-electronics on the whole economy is estimated at 10% of the world-wide GDP.

DriversShrinking semiconductor device sizes have increased demand for more sophisticated materials, primarily nanomaterials. Demand is increasing for smaller, more highly integrated electronic products. This has led to ever higher perfor-mance and more complex semicon-ductor devices. As these devices become more highly integrated and incorporate more advanced functions, manufacturing processes are becoming more miniaturized and complex, and include diverse reliability factors. Nanomaterials are candidates to replace or comple-ment traditional semiconductors in both high-performance and

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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low-cost devices. Nanomaterials will potentially meet a wide range of memory device needs including speed, power consumption, density, reliability, non-volatility, and cost. CNTS and nanoparticles are utilized for their radiation and temperature intolerance, high speed capabilities and long-term scaling potential.

Trends in 2014• Indium tin oxide (ITO) replace-ment is a key theme among product development. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene may allow for the replacement of existing electri-cally conductive that are in short supply, expensive and limited in their use with flexible substrates.• Quantum dots, nanoparticle silver, silver nanowires, graphene enabled consumer electronics products are on the market in 2014. • Increased focus on 2-D nanomate-rials in nanoelectronics.• Companies are mainly targetting the small/medium size flat panel display market. This is estimated to be $130 billion and will reach $150 billion in next few years, driven by the exploding consumer demand for portable display-based electron-

ics such as smartphones, cameras, iPads, netbooks, and similar devices. For such applications, low-cost, high image quality, low-power consump-tion display screens are already sought-after and will be in high demand. • Most product development has resulted from strategic partnerships. • Nanomaterials are driving devel-opments in printable and flexible electronics.• Competition from silicon in semi-conductors and sensors for nano-materials is significant. Graphene, sliver nanowires and carbon nano-tubes are likely to become increas-ingly competitive as well as other 2-D materials such as boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten tungsten disulfide and germanane.

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Table 1: Addressable global market size for nanomaterials in electronics 2013, most promising ap-plications areas

Sub-market Total market Addressable market

Thermal management $910 Million (Graphene Fron-tiers)

$250 Million (Graphene Frontiers)

Printable electronics $ 4 Billion (ThinFilm) $1.5 Billion (ThinFilm)

ITO replacement $1.6 Billion $1.6 Billion

Electronics coatings and films

$3 billion (University of Shef-field)

$1.5-1.8 Billion

Global electronics market $1 Trillion Plus (Consumer Elec-tronics Association)

$95 Billion (Dow Chemical)$48 Billion (3M)

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Table 1: Addressable global market size for nanomaterials in electronics 2013, most promising ap-plications areas

Sub-market Total market Addressable market

Thermal management $910 Million (Graphene Fron-tiers)

$250 Million (Graphene Frontiers)

Printable electronics $ 4 Billion (ThinFilm) $1.5 Billion (ThinFilm)

ITO replacement $1.6 Billion $1.6 Billion

Electronics coatings and films

$3 billion (University of Shef-field)

$1.5-1.8 Billion

Global electronics market $1 Trillion Plus (Consumer Elec-tronics Association)

$95 Billion (Dow Chemical)$48 Billion (3M)

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T he report covers the main nanoelectronics market suppliers and application developers. End user markets and applications are out-

lined and forecast. The research methodology initially encompassed a comprehensive and exhaustive search of the literature on nanotechnology and nanomateri-als related to electronics. Secondary sources included journals and related books, trade literature, marketing literature, technology roadmaps, other product/promo-tional literature, annual reports, analyst reports, confer-ence proceedings and other publications. An extensive patent analysis was conducted to gauge technological innovation and to determine research activity as it ap-plies to new product development.

A series of interviews were conducted via email and phone with nanotechnology and nanoma-terials company representatives, academics,

technology suppliers, technical experts, trade associa-tion officials, and consulting companies. In addition, most of the service providers and end users were con-tacted to evaluate current and future demands.

T he market was then quantified relevant appli-cation impact and the main prerequisites for commercial success were identified including

performance of the technology, supplier distribution, legislation, pricing of competing products, sale of complementary products, industry environment and demographics of the customer.

Report methodology

METHODOLOGY

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Nanomaterials are being widely ap-plied in the electronics and com-puting industry, primarily arising from the need to create smaller, faster microchips and memory de-vices, as well as offering improved performance for displays and sensors. Semiconducting inorganic nanowires (NWs), nanotubes and nanofibers have been extensively explored in recent years as poten-tial building blocks for nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics, chemi-cal/biological/optical sensing, and energy harvesting, storage and conversion, etc. Application of nanotechnology in integrated circuits is leading to improvements in processor density and performance, energy efficiency and reliability. Organic light-emit-

ting diodes (OLEDs) are also begin-ning to impact the market, enabling low power, flexible displays with high performance capabilities. Quantum dot displays with tunabil-ity that enables high-performance colour are also close to market. Nanomaterials are being integrated into Field Emission Displays (FED), and Surface-conductive Electron-emissive Displays (SED), which are not on the market as yet, as op-posed to commercially available OLED displays in portable electronic applications such as mobile phone screens and laptops. More prod-ucts are being commercialised, and deals between electronics manu-facturers, industrial producers and providers of alternative transparent conductive coatings are helping

these technologies establish them-selves in the transparent conductor market.Nanomaterials offer the potential to meet a wide range of memory device needs including speed, power consumption, density, reli-ability, non-volatility, and lower cost. There are a number of nano-technology-based approaches to the development of data storage that are currently under develop-ment: Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM), Ferro-electric RAM, (FeRAM), Resistive RAM (RRAM), and NRAM (Nanotube RAM). Moore’s Law dictates that these current devices will inevitably rely on emerging nanotechnology, be it in materials or fabrication. Carbon nanotubes, 2-D nanomate-

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

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rials and nanoparticles are utilized for their radiation and temperature intolerance, high speed capabilities and long-term scaling potential. Samsung and Nanosys are two com-panies using nanocrystal memory to extend floating gate or charge trap flash memory structures. In the last decade a lot of experimental efforts have been directed to miniaturize

nanoelectronic and optoelectronic components, light-emitting sources, and ultimately laser devices, due the increasing demand of compact pho-ton sources for integrated photon circuits and for lab-on-a-chip devices relying on microfluidic operation.

Table 2: Nanomaterials utilized in electronics

Nanomaterials Application

Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) • Polishing slurries.• High-precision optics for lasers• Dielectrics• IR imaging• Optoelectronics and military and defense applications such as IR missile domes and ceramic armored windows• Specialty optical fiber doped additives

Antimony tin oxide (ATO) • Pure and doped nanoparticulate antimony tin oxide is used as a transpar-ent conducting oxide due to its key properties of optical transparency and electrical conductivity in displays and solar cells• Sputtering targets.

Carbon Nanotubes • Conductive polymers & composites (automobiles and electronics)• Electromagnetic shielding• Transparent conducting CNT-based coatings for lower cost and flexible displays and solar cells• Semiconducting materials• Touch screen displays with enhanced durability• Electronic circuits for lower power and higher speed enabling new device architectures• Electronic textiles

Copper(II) oxide (CuO) • Conductive printing• Copper based inkjet inks to form various devices such as solar cells, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and electroluminescence devices.

Fullerenes and POSS • Organic photodiodes and photodetectors• Photodiodes based on composites of fullerene derivatives and conju- gated polymers• Integrated circuits• Fullerene C60 and its derivatives are used for design of OFETs and electronic devices such as ring oscillators and other functional integrated circuits.

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Graphene • Radio-frequency identification tags• Low-resolution displays and backlights• Sensors• Electrical contacts• Analog signal processing • Electronics packaging.

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) and Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4)

• Magnetic media • Optoelectronic devices

Manganese(II) oxide (MnO) and Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)

• Magnetic data storage and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)• Electronic components.

Nanofibers • Electromagnetic shielding materials and electromagnetic wave absorp- tion materials• Organic light-emitting diodes• Organic photovoltaics• Organic field-effect transistors • Lasers• Waveguides. • Multi-functional composites (EMI shielding, thermal conducting, strengthen, conducting, etc.)• Electrically conductive/antistatic polymers• Conductive Plastics: Electrostatic painting• Dielectric materials. • Substrates for flexible electronics (optically transparent paper)

Nanosilver • Conductive coatings in displays• Electrical Interconnects• Electrodes• RFID Antennas.

Nanowires • Basic electronic devices like junction diodes, transistors, FETs and logic gates can be fabricated by using semiconductor and superlattice nanow-ires• Components for electrical circuits• Metallic interconnects in nanoscale quantum devices• Flat panel displays• Semiconductor nanowire junctions can be used for different opto-elec-tronic applications• Magnetic information storage,

Nickel(II) oxide (NiO) • High-performance electrode material• Conductive paste• Magnetic recording materials

Quantum Dots • Solid state lighting and displays• Quantum computing• Flexible displays• Optical components• Organic dye-based solar cells

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Silicon Oxide (SiO2) • Nanoelectronics fabrication as mask substrate, as agteoxide in MOSFETs or as insulation coating in ICs.

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) • Transparent conductive thin-films in blue laser diodes, solar cells and liquid crystal displays• Capacitors, varistors, photoprinting and electrophotography

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Electronic packagingMarket driversIn electronic packaging, the market demand is for low cost, large-area, flexible and lightweight electronic and communication devices with high reliability and multiple func-tions. The need to improve bonding technology and functional sub-strate density are the main tech-nological priorities for electronic packaging. The semiconductor industry (ranging from low-power portables to high-power micro-processors) is greatly focused on thermal management and related failure mechanisms in 3D packag-ing, particularly at the increasing number of “thermally-important” interfaces. As a result, nanocompos-ites of nanotubes and nanopowders are being utilized in high-density, high-speed, miniaturized electronic packaging.

NanomaterialsCopper is the conventional material used for interconnects in electron-ics packaging because of its low electrical resistance and low cost of production. However, as we scale down and increase the packaging density the properties of copper will experience certain limitations. One of the major issues is huge CTE mismatch with silicon, which leads to thermomechanical stress that finally decreases the reliability of the devices. Improved materials or

composites which could overcome current limitations and also exhibit compatibility for future downscal-ing are required. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are promis-ing materials with extraordinary electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties and are considered suitable for electronic packaging either in pure form or as fillers for composites.Nanostructured electronic packag-ing materials comprise combina-tions of thermal, mechanical, opti-cal, electrical, and other properties. For example, CNTs display excellent mechanical compliance (~ 100 MPa) together with very low thermal resistance (~0.03 m2K/W) and robustness during thermal cycling.

Other materials such as graphene are also under development in this market and arguably show greater promise. For high-density bonding, na-noscale surface activated bonding and nano conductive coatings can greatly increase bonding density. For functional substrate technol-ogy, nanomaterial modified passive components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and filters that can be embedded in the functional substrate can greatly improve func-tional substrate density. The use of nanomaterials can overcome current technical bottle-necks (e.g. insufficient bonding density, insufficient Dk for capacitor material, insufficient precision for

ELECTRONIC PACKAGING

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resistor) in electronics packaging and also satisfy the need of innova-tive integration from information, communication and consumer elec-tronic industries when developing lightweight, thin, short and small, and highly integrated and more competitive products.

Thermal managementAs the power densities of elec-tronic chips increase, with faster and denser circuits on the chips, heat dissipation of the packaging becomes critical in determining their reliability and performances as both the high temperature and the associated large thermo-mechanical stress within the packages can degrade the circuit performances and lifetime of the chips. Nanoma-terials are allowing the semiconduc-tor industry meet these growing challenges of hotspot mitigation, thermal management paths, and thermomechanical degradation that

are resulting from the increased quantity and complexity of ther-mally critical interfaces. The high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties of CNTs and graphene are being utilized to meet these needs. Graphene fillers in an organic (polymeric) matrix are be-ing deployed for applications such as conductive inks, thermal inter-face materials (TIMs), barrier layers, shielding layers, encapsulants, and electrically conductive adhesives.There are still challenges in the scal-ability of graphene while preserving its intrinsic properties for electronic packaging applications. Meanwhile, other 2D materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), whose structures are similar to that of graphene, are also being actively researched. Other graphene-like materials that have emerged, include transition metal dichalco-genides (TaS2, WS2, MoS2, MoTe2, NiTe2) and graphane (double-sided

hydrogenated graphene) and fluo-rographene (fluorinated graphene).

Table 3: Nanomaterials in electronic packaging and target market size

Main nanomaterials uti-lized

• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene• Transition metal dichalcogenides (TaS2, WS2, MoS2, MoTe2, NiTe2• Graphane (double-sided hydrogenated graphene) • Fluorographene (fluorinated graphene).

Market estimates • Semiconductors packaging market 2011: $57 billion (BCC Research)• Global semiconductors packaging market 2013: $19.3 billion (SEMI)• Global semiconductors packaging market 2017: $20 billion (SEMI)• Thermal interface semiconductors packaging market 2013: $620 million (SEMI)• Epoxy molding compound (EMC) market in the semiconductor packaging industry 2017: $1.72 billion (Lucintel)

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Displays

Market driversTransparent conductive films (TCFs) are used in a wide range of products, including liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), e-Readers, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and quantum dot light-emitting diode (QDLED) displays and lighting, touch sensors, photovoltaic mod-ules, and architectural windows. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) dominates the market. Other materials used include silver grids or silver nanow-ires; conductive polymers, such as polythiophenes, including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT); carbon nanotubes (CNTs), especially single- and few-walled CNTs; and graphene. ITO is unsuitable for electronics applications requiring printability, flexibility, or stretch-ability and therefore nanomaterials, especially graphene could open up whole new markets for consumer electronics.

NanomaterialsAs well as enabling novel approach-es to display designs, nanomaterials are also incorporated into display components, such as transparent electrodes, thin film transistors and coatings, sensors, transparent conductors, and infrared and visible photodetectors. Displays incorporating nanomateri-als, especially CNTs and graphene, are beginning to appear as pro-totypes and will hit the market in the next 18 months. Multinational companies Toshiba, Motorola, Hi-

tachi and Samsung are all develop-ing nanomaterial-based display technologies. Unidym and Samsung demonstrated in 2008 a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based active ma-trix electrophoretic display (EPD) epaper, in which the transparent electrode is a CNT thin film. CNT-based transparent electrodes have long been put forward as a candi-date to replace ITO.

GrapheneGraphene is the most promising candidate for next generation flex-ible electronics and is overtaking CNTs as the most viable candidate in this sector. Graphene is being used in transparent conductive coatings for touch screens and displays, and in 2010 Samsung followed up its nanotube flexible display prototype with one incor-porating graphene. The company is conducting ongoing research col-

laboration with graphene pioneers at the University of Manchester and Sungkyunkwan University to devel-op enhanced display technologies and full product integration is ex-pected in the next year. Graphene inks lose little conductivity when folded so are an ideal candidate for flexible displays. Most conduc-tive inks on the market are made from expensive silver particles. They also have to be heat-treated after they’re applied, which means they can’t be printed on polymers and other heat-sensitive materi-als. Graphene ink requires no heat treatment and is more conductive than other carbon-based alterna-tives to silver inks. BASF is develop-ing graphene inks for electronics applications along with Vorbeck Materials. Other materials utilized include quantum dots.

DISPLAYS

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Quantum dotsNanosys is producing high effi-ciency quantum dot phosphors find application in LED displays, provid-ing a high quality, tri-color white light from a standard blue LED light source. Nanosys collaborates with industry to develop QD products for computing, optoelectronics, communications, renewable energy, defense and the life sciences. 3M is collaborating with Nanosys, Inc., to produce the QDEF solution specifi-cally to deliver more colour, and to make devices such as smart phones, tablets and televisions, lighter, brighter and more energy efficient.

Silver nanowiresCambrios Technologies Corp’s proprietary nanostructured materi-als can be deposited using existing production equipment to achieve enhanced performance of display devices and components at lower manufacturing cost. The com-pany’s first product is ClearOhm™ coating material that produces a transparent, conductive film by wet processing. ClearOhm™ films have improved properties by comparison to currently used materials such as indium tin oxide and other trans-parent conductive oxides. Appli-cations of ClearOhm™ coating mate-rial include transparent electrodes for touch screens, liquid crystal displays, e-paper, OLED devices, and thin film photovoltaics.Invisicon® from Eikos, Inc. is a trans-parent conductive coating tech-nology for application in displays, photovoltaic cells, lighting, energy storage, and flexible electronics. In-visicon® is suitable as a replacement

for ITO and conducting polymers and exhibits characteristics such as durability, index matching, and anti-reflective properties.

SmartphonesApplications of nanomaterials in the smartphone market include anti-scratch and waterproof coatings, transparent electrodes for touch screens and conductive films for LCDs. The market for nanocoatings will grow across all sectors over the next 5-10 years, and especially in the consumer electronics market, which is estimated to reach esti-mated US $1,210 billion globally by 2017. Hydrophobic and oleophobic repellency treatments are already integrated across a range of smart phones. OEM and consumer ap-plied coatings have been devel-oped for cell phones, PDA, iPod, iPhone, laptops, and touch screens. Permanent waterproof and easy-clean nanoscale coating can be applied by the OEM on both glass and plastic screens. In addition, a temporary coating can be applied by the consumer using a felt-tip ap-plicator. Aculon has developed this technology. Materials used in these coatings include nanosilver. Agion develops anti-microbial solutions based on silver. Agion’s anti-micro-bial technology has been incorpo-rated into products including cell phones, shoes, keyboards, pens, water filters, air conditioning and heating units, medical catheters, ice machines, and faucet handles. Moisture destroys 82 million phones annually in the United States alone. Liquipel, P2i and HzO, have devel-

oped super-hydrophobic nanocoat-ings for waterproofing consumer electronic equipment. The coat-ing has been incorporated into Samsung’s Galaxy smart phones. Liquipel’s patented and patent-pending process creates a liquid-repellent coating that is 1,000-times thinner than a human hair but will last the life of the device. It not only exceeds cell-phone manufacturers’ requirements but actually creates a new category for water-safe elec-tronics. HzO produces WaterBlock nano-coatings for electronic circuitry and components to protect elec-tronic devices and assemblies from moisture damage. WaterBlock is a super-hydrophobic nanocoating. The technology has been applied to a line of back-lit magnetic compass-es by NavELite, and the TAG Heuer RACER Sub-Nano–a limited edition, Android-based smartphone. P2i was established in 2004 to com-mercialize super liquid-repellent treatments developed by the Defense Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl). They originally market an ion-mask™ treatment for footwear and textile products before expanding in to splash-proof liquid repellent nanocoatings that have been applied to Motorola and TCL Communication smart phones and tablets. They are a leading materials provider in this growing market. The company has recently added an additional technology to it’s product offering, Dunkable™, a hydrophobic coating for cellphones.

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Table 4: Nanomaterials in displays and target market size

Main nanomaterials uti-lized

• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene• Silver nanowires• Metal oxide nanoparticles in protective coatings• Transition metal dichalcogenides (TaS2, WS2, MoS2, MoTe2, NiTe2• Graphane (double-sided hydrogenated graphene) • Fluorographene (fluorinated graphene).

Market estimates • Transparent electrode market 2011: $4 billion. 2013: $26 billion. 2015: $58 billion (ORNL)• Global conductive coatings market 2012: $9 billion. 2019: $19 billion (Nanomarkets)• Global electronics coatings and films market, in 2010 is estimated to be $3 billion (University of Sheffield)• The electronic displays market, in 2010 is estimated to be $100 billion.Touchscreens account for approximately 13% of this total. (Engineer Live)• Global printable electronics market 2008: $2.8 billion. 2015: $24.25 billion (MarketsandMarkets)• Printable electronics market 225: $300 billion. RFID Tags market 2011: $5.84 billion (IDTechEx)• Plastic electronics market 2020: $120 billion (Department for Business Innovation and Skills UK)• Global RFID tags market 2017: $18.7 billion (GIA)2011, the global sales revenue of memory ICs was just over US$62 billion (Companies and Markets)• Flexible electronics market 2015: $62.5 billion (USDC Flexible Displays Report)• Printable electronics global market 2012: $2.8-$3 billion (Various sources)

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Data storage

Market driversIn the data storage and memory sector there is a drive to develop non-volatile memory devices with reliable data storage and low cost.The hard disc drive market in 2013 was estimated to be around $40bil-lion, consolidated among Toshiba, Seagate and Western Digital Hard Drives. With the scale comput-ers and most of the conventional memory storage devices shrining rapidly the need for miniaturiza-tion of the memory storage units in electronic devices has increased. Nanomaterials are employed for storage applications due to the fact that they have higher surface areas and can allow for the storing of higher information per unit of their platform.Among many kinds of memory devices, flash memories which use a floating gate structure are the most widely used. To improve the device reliability, the recent trend of designing charge trapping layer for flash memory is to store data in discrete charge trapping cites such as metal or semiconductor nanoparticles.There are a number of nanotech-nology-based approaches to the development of data storage: • Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM)• Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM)• Resistive RAM (RRAM)• NRAM (Nanotube RAM).

Magnetic nanoparticlesResearch into using magnetic nanoparticles for information stor-age is evolving rapidly. Nanoscale iron, nickel, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, manganese oxide, copper and co-balt find application utilizing their sensitive magnetic properties in magnetic recording media and spin electronics. Other magnetic nano-materials exploited include quan-tum dots and dot arrays, nanowires and nanojunctions. Magnetic nanoparticles with long relaxation times (thermally blocked nanoparticles) with stable rema-nent magnetization can be used as information carriers in magnetic identification and data-storage systems where it is crucial to have small regions of magnetic mate-rial. The two directions of the magnetic moments (the remament magnetization) of the magnetic

nanoparticles gives the zeros (0) and ones (1) that make it possible to store information on a hard disk in a computer or in other types of media. The directions of the mag-netic moment of the nanoparticles must be stable with time, otherwise information can be lost. Iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic prop-erties and have been applied in magnetic storage devices. Iron platinum (FePt) nanoparticles find application in high-density perpen-dicular recording media with high recording resolution and excellent thermal stability. The use of plati-num cobalt (CoPt) alloy systems has also been investigated for magnetic storage applications. . They have has been employed for magnetic data storage in the form of thin films.

DATA STORAGE

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Carbon nanotubesDue to their exceptional electronic properties, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) represent ideal candidates to function as active parts of nanoelectronic memory storage devices. Nanotero is de-veloping NRAM™, a high-density nonvolatile random access memory chip. The proprietary NRAM™ design uses carbon nanotubes as the active memory elements.

GrapheneMicro-electronic grade conductive

graphene film loaded on silicon wafer have been developed for memory components. Reduced graphene oxide has been investigated in charge trapping memory device, however, the prac-tical application of such devices are still constrained by several factors such as unbalanced charge trans-port or high voltage operation. Also under development are various graphene–based doped nonvola-tile resistive memory elements. As a gapless semiconductor, charge carriers in graphene can be tuned

continuously from electrons to holes, crossing the charge neutral point using an external electric field. Graphene intrinsically has a high resistance state at the neutral-ity point and a low resistance state when heavily doped, so has excel-lent potential for use as a resistive memory.

DATA STORAGE

Table 5: Nanomaterials in data storage and target market size

Main nanomaterials uti-lized

• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene• Fullerenes• Nanowires• Iron oxide nanoparticles• Iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles• Manganese(III) oxide nanoparticles• Transition metal dichalcogenides (TaS2, WS2, MoS2, MoTe2, NiTe2• Graphane (double-sided hydrogenated graphene) • Fluorographene (fluorinated graphene).

Market estimates • Global data storage market 2010: $110 billion (Observatory Nano)• Global hard disk drive industry 2013: $40 billion (Seagate)

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Transistors

Market driversField-effect transistors (FETs) are the basic building blocks of modern electronics. For decades, FETs have been built using semiconductors like silicon and gallium arsenide as active channel materials. These materials, however, are subject to well-established performance and processing limitations. Nanomateri-als are prime candidates to replace or complement traditional semicon-ductors in both high-performance and low-cost FET devices. As CMOS devices are scaled down to nano domain and below, semi-conductor fabrication technology is moving towards the design of nanoelectronic devices that make use of the exceptional properties of nanomaterials. Several emerg-ing devices such as Single Electron transistors, Quantum dot transis-tors, carbon nanotube Field effect transistors display great potential.

Extensive research is currently be-ing conducted to extend traditional CMOS devices. One of the main approaches is replacing the FET channel with high carrier mobil-ity nanomaterials. These materials display a semiconducting band structure only under quantum confinement. The three main types of quantum-confined structures are carbon nanotubes (CNT), nanowires (NW), and graphene nanoribbons. Intel currently mass produces multi-gate 22nm 3D Tri-gate Transistors. They are also conducting extensive

research on gate-all-around nanow-ire transistors

Nanowires and NanotubesAs the device size is coming down, gate lengths are reduced, and the corresponding reduction of oxide thickness results in unwanted ef-fects such as reduced threshold voltages, higher offset currents, reduced control of the gate over transistor characteristics has been observed. This leads to the inability of the non-volatile memory device to hold the threshold level it is ex-pected to sustain over long periods of time without electrical power being applied. Carbon nano tube field effect transistors are promising nano-scaled devices for implementing high performance, very dense and low power circuits. Because the carbon nanotube is very small and therefore only needs small amounts

of charge held by its capacitance to appreciably change the device’s threshold voltage, the dielectric can be made thick, so as to avoid pres-ent day scaling issues.Current research activities in nanowires and carbon nanotubes can be divided into three main categories: • experimental growth and assem-bly• CNT and NW device fabrication and characterization• CNT and NW circuits and integra-tion.

Key problems and issues include: • Difficulty of separating different types of carbon nanotubes (semi-conducting and metallic tubes) that are created together during material synthesis. Current research is investigating intensively various techniques for gaining better con-trol over the chirality of nanotube

TRANSISTORS

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materials.• Developing methods for control-ling the assembly of nanostruc-tures. Manipulating large numbers of nanotubes into position is very slow and no high-volume manufac-turing processes exist today. New techniques for assembling parallel arrays of nanotubes or nanowires on substrates are currently investi-gated. Better control of the accu-racy of these methods is necessary and requires further innovation in the assembly and fabrication technology.

GrapheneGraphene films have generated a lot of interest recently as an alternative for channel replacement material in FET structures. Graphene films are well known to behave as high mo-bility zero bandgap semiconductors with high carrier mobilities. When patterned to sufficiently small rib-bon widths, the graphene ribbons begin to display a finite band gap resulting from quantum confine-ment. Graphene-based materials can be produced in any of three states: insulating, semiconducting and metallic. Low cost printing de-

position and inexpensive process-ing make these materials attractive as a conductor for interconnects and as a semiconductor in thin films for electronic applications such as Home TV LCD and Integrated Circuits. IBM has been researching graphene based-transistors, but do not currently view it as an accept-able replacement for silicon.

TRANSISTORS

Table 6: Nanomaterials in transistors and target market size

Main nanomaterials uti-lized

• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene• Nanowires• Carbon nanofibers• Quantum dots.

Market estimates • Global data storage market 2010: $110 billion (Observatory Nano)• Global hard disk drive industry 2013: $40 billion (Seagate)• Printed and thin film transistor circuits global market 2013: $3 billion (IdeTech)

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Photonics

Market driversNanophotonics is the study of the interaction of of light with nano-structured materials, and offers the ability to break through the dif-fraction limit of light, opening the door to novel optical technologies.. Research in this area has grown greatly in the past 15 years and it has been identified by the Euro-pean Commission as a key enabling technology for the future. Photonics technologies have already revolu-tionized communictions and the next wave of nanotech-enabled technologies promises to have the same impact on imaging, sensing and computing. Nanophotonics offers an opportunity to reduce the power and area of off- and on-stack interconnects while meeting future system bandwidth demands. Advances in silicon nanophoton-ics have made complete photonic on-stack communication networks a serious alternative to electrical networks.

NanomaterialsKey nanomaterials for nanophoton-ics are quantum dots and wires in Si, III-V and II-VI; plasmonic nano-structures; high-index-contrast Si and III-V nanostructures; organic nanostructures; carbon nanotubes; and graphene. Applications include plasmosmonic nanostructures for high density (light-assisted) mag-

netic storgage for increased storage density; nanoscale quantum optics; electrical interconnects; light-emitting diodes and photovoltaics where nanostructuring can be used to optimize the emission or absorp-tion of light; nanoscale imaging; solid-state lighting; medical imag-ing purposes; light-activated drug delivery; sensors; nanoscale tag-gants for anti-counterfeiting, food safety tags and medical diagnos-tics; nanoscale imaging involving probes, optical antennas or super-lens techniques to image beyond the diffraction limit; chemical and biological sensors; telecommunica-tions; and optical communications (switches and amplifiers). All these industries will witness significant growth in the coming years.

CompaniesCompanies investing in nano-photonics technologies include HP, Intel and IBM, with a focus on silicon and carbon-based nanopho-tonics. Hitachi, NTT and Samsung are developing next generation technologies involving plasmonic data storage, nanoscale integrated optics and colloidal quantum dot displays.Agilent The company is developing ultra-high-speed optical components and subsystems for nanophotonics devices. The company has estab-lished a chip-scale micro- and nano-photonic- systems testing facility with University of California, San Diego (UCSD). www.agilent.com

PHOTONICS

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Hewlett-Packard (HP)HP is developing a raft of nano-photonics devices and products. Chiefly, they are developing nano photonic interconnects to over-come the bottlenecks with exist-ing technology. To investigate the potential benefits of nanophotonics on computer systems they have developed an architectural design called Corona. Corona uses opti-cally connected memories (OCMs) that have been architected for low power and high bandwidth. www.hp.comIBMIBM has developed CMOS Inte-grated Silicon Nanophotonics (CISN) technology for on-chip integration of ultra-compact nanophotonic circuits for manipulating the light signals. Nanoscale silicon photon-ics circuits are being developed to enable the integration of complete optical systems on a monolithic semiconductor chip that would eventually allow to overcome severe constraints of today’s mostly copper I/O interconnects. The technology enables a variety of silicon nanophotonics components, such as: modulators, germanium

photodetectors and ultra-compact wavelength-division multiplexers to be integrated with high-perfor-mance analog and digital CMOS circuitry. www.ibm.comIntel The company has developed the world’s first silicon photonics data link with integrated lasers (utilizing hybrid silicon lasers)-The 50Gbps Silicon Photonics Link. Intel regard their technlogy as superior to IBM’s CMOS nanophotonics innovation. The Hybrid Silicon Laser was devel-oped with the University of Cali-fornia at Santa Barbara. Instead of metal or copper wires, it uses lasers to send light rays across optical fibers, transporting data between two silicon chips at extremely high speeds, across sizeable distances and with relative immunity to noise. www.intel.comKotura, Inc.The company’s photonic product line includes high-speed, single-channel variable optical attenuators (VOAs), high-speed VOA arrays and wavelength-division multiplexers for 40- and 100-Gb/s data center applications to support the inter-connect fabric for next generation

data centers and high performance computers (HPC). The company’s photonic chips are based on its mi-cron-scale manufacturing platform currently in mass production and deployed in live networks world-wide. Kotura is approaching one million channels per year currently in production. www.kotura.comLuxteraThe company has developed CMOS integrated nanophotonics circuits. Silicon-based nanophotonic ICs tremendously increase the integra-tion scale, and the functionality per chip, compared with their coun-terparts in other material systems (glass, III-V semiconductor, etc.). Luxtera has developed multichan-nel transceivers, in the process set-ting up a complete tool chain from CMOS-compatible design libraries all the way to packaging and test-ing. They integrate photonic circuits with electronics for control, tuning and drivers, and run the processing through a fab from Freescale. www.luxtera.comSamsung The company has developed nanoparticle-polymer composites for photonic devices. The company’s

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Active Matrix OLEDs (AMOLEDs) are based on metal oxide nanoparticles and nanowire transistors and used in smartphones. Their development is also being expanded for use in larger displays and the company has R&D activities in quantum dots for photonics devices. www.sam-sung.com

Table 7: Nanomaterials in photonics and target market size

Main nanomaterials uti-lized

• Quantum dots and wires in Si, III-V and II-VI• Plasmonic nanostructures• High-index-contrast Si and III-V nanostructures• Organic nanostructures• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene.

Market estimates • Total Photonics market ~ € 300 bn • European Photonics market ~ € 60 bn • Estimated annual growth rate ~ 8‐10% • Estimated market size in 2015 ~ € 480 bn

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Carbon nanotubesCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely investigated and utilized in electron-ics applications. Display applications include large area CNT flat screen color field emission displays, large area surface conduction color field emis-sion displays, backlights for displays and PETS for medium resolution large area electronic billboards. Non-display applications include traveling wave tubes, non-radioactive sources, conductive additives for non-display applications, smart textiles, photovol-taics, transistors. neutron and gamma-ray sources and lighting devices. They are also employed in data storage.

MARKET POTENTIAL

APPLICATIONS AND ESTI-MATED TIME TO MARKET

l Transparent conductive films and field electron emission electrode coatings (Current)

l Color active matrix electrophoretic display (EPD) e-paper s (1-2 years)

l Heat dissipation additives in semiconductor chip packages (Current)

l Nanobuds in highly transparent, conductive and flexible films (4 years plus)

MARKET

The development of future flexible and transparent electronics relies on novel materials, which are mechan-ically flexible, lightweight and low-cost, in addition to being electrically conductive and optically transparent. The demand for transparent conductors is expected to grow rapidly as electronic devices, such as touch screens, displays, solid state lighting and photovoltaics become ubiquitous. In the electronics sector, the electrical properties of car-bon nanotubes lend themselves to many applications including transistors, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, photonics, biological sensing la-bels, and more. After considerable research efforts, CNT products are coming to the market. After two decades of extensive research, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are at last reaching multi-ton industrial produc-tion levels. Due to their excellent optoelectrical perfor-mance, processability, stability, and high conductivity, CNT-based transparent electrode films have been put forward as a candidate to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) currently used in touchscreens and displays. CNTs are deposited in thin films, leading to a conducting layer which can also be transparent. In relation to ITO they are more cost effective, have higher resistivity and greater flexibility. CNT electronic display applications

at varying stages of commercial development include large area CNT flat screen color field emission displays, large area surface conduction colour field emission displays, backlights for displays and PETS for medium resolution large area electronic billboards. Main applications of CNT in electronics are:• EMI shielding• Electronic textiles: Conductive and sensory textiles & fibers• Transparent conducting CNT-based coatings for lower cost and flexible displays and solar cells• Semiconducting materials in thin film transistors• Electronic circuits for lower power and higher speed enabling new device architectures• The thermal properties of carbon nanotubes are utilized for improved heat dissipation in semiconductor chip packages• Conductive inks• CNT pastes have been applied for highly efficient field emission.

Flexible and stretchable electronics are attracting great attention because of the variety of potential applications from flexible e-papers to wearable health-care devices. The development of future flexible and

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transparent electronics relies on novel materials, which are mechanically flexible, lightweight and low-cost, in addition to being electrically conductive and optically transparent. CNTs are highly promising for application to flexible electronics not only as thin film transistors (TFTs) but also passive devices such as transparent conductive films and trace, as CNTs have a high mobility of 10-100cm2/Vs at room temperature in addition to mechani-cal stability (high mechanical strength and elasticity) and chemical stability (thermal and chemical resis-tance).CNT thin films have advantages in flexibility, stretch-ability, and performance because of these excellent electronic and mechanical properties. Low cost manufacturing of flexible devices is also pos-sible with good processability of CNT films. Their optical transparency is also attractive for transparent elec-tronics applications. Applications based on CNT thin films include capacitive touch sensors, high-mobility CNT-TFTs and integrated circuits (ICs) on a transpar-ent plastic film, all-carbon ICs demonstrating excel-lent stretchability and mouldability, and high-mobility TFTs fabricated with high-speed flexographic printing technique.

TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORSCurrent global market size: Transparent electrode mar-ket $15 billion plus.

Developmental stage: Commercially available.

The demand for transparent conductive films (TCFs) is expected to grow rapidly as electronic devices, such as touch screens, displays, solid-state lighting and photo-voltaics become ubiquitous. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the dominant material for transparent electrode used in touch screens, LCD displays, solar cells, and solid state (OLED) lighting due to its relatively high transparency at high conductivities. However, ITO is brittle, lacks flex-ibility and the fabrication process involves high temper-atures and vacuum and therefore is relatively slow and not cost effective. Other conductive metal oxides used include antimony-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide. CNTs and a variety of other nanomaterials provide cheaper alternatives that also allow devices to become flexible. CNT transparent conductive films have demon-strated great potential in various optoelectronic devices and have already been used in touch panels for smart-phones. Main companies developing CNTs-TCFs are Canatu, Dow, Eikos, Linde, Toray, and Unidym.C3 Nano, Inc. (www.c3nano.com ) is a recent start-up developing TCFs comprising CNT inks. These conductive inks can comprise a polar solvent-based solvent system, such as water-based, alcohol-based or solvent combina-tions thereof, carbon nanotubes, and one or more dop-ants, generally including an ionic dopant. The company states that the primary issue concerning nanotubes as

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ITO replacements to date is inferior conductivity, and they have addressed this issue by using an effective combination of a multifunctional dispersant that also acts as a p-type dopant to the CNTs in the TCF. Besides C3 Nano, Inc. CNT inks are marketed by a number of companies, such as Eikos, Inc. (www.eikos.com) for printed electronics applications. These inks can be deposited easily onto a variety of rigid and flexible substrates with standard coating techniques including spray-coating and Aerosol Jet printing. Inkjet printing of CNTs is a more recent method that shows promise. Inkjet printing is currently being used to deposit vari-ous types of conductive nanomaterials such as gold and silver. Although these metals are excellent conductors, CNTs are cheaper and more versatile as they can behave as both a semiconductor and a conductor.In July 2013, Linde Electronics launched SEERe- ink, licensed from the London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN). SWNTs are difficult to isolate, and hence purify, due to their strong tendency to ‘bundle’ together.

Figure 14: Nanotube inks (Nanointegris)

They are also expensive to produce. The LCN approach provides a scalable, bulk technique that avoids the limiting sonication/centrifugation steps associated with other methods (https://www.london-nano.com/sites/default/files/uploads/research/highlights/Dissolu-tion%20and%20separation%20of%20single-walled%20carbon%20nanotubes.pdf ).In July 2013, CNTouch announced they had received significant orders for their nanotube-based touch panels for entry-level and mid-range smartphones. The company is a subsidiary of Foxconn and the technology has been developed with Tsinghua University.

HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITSCurrent global market size: $300 billion plus.Developmental stage: Applied research/prptotype.

Main materials currently used for TFTs are amorphous silicon and poly-silicon. However, these materials are processed under high temperature and vacuum condi-tions. As a result it is difficult with conventional tech-nologies to manufacture TFTs on low-cost plastic film substrates. Therefore CNTs have emerged as a prime candidate for manufacturing TFTs on plastic films at low temperatures.In September 2013, NEC and the Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC) demonstrated a CNT-TFT. In addition to suppressing noise emitted during high-speed operation to one-tenth or less than that of ordinary printed transistors, this newly developed printed CNT-TFT realizes an oper-ating speed of 500kHz, which is 10 to 50 times that of ordinary printed transistors, thanks to an output current dozens of times higher than existing printed transis-tors. As a result, the level of performance necessary for control circuits can be attained, thereby making it

Table 26: Properties of materials for transparent conducting film (Y. Lee & J.-H Ahn)

Thickness (nm)

Sheet resistance (Ω/sq)

Failure strain (%) Cost

ITO 100~200 >90 10~25 1.4 120 $/m2

PEDOT: PSS

15~33 80~88 65~176 3~5 2.3 $/ml

Silver ~160 92 100 ~1.2 40 $/m2

CNT 7 90 500 ~11 35 $/m2

0.34 90 ~35 ~7 45 $/m2

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possible to apply this printed CNT-TFT to new devices in the future, including flexible large displays and sheets mounted with multiple sensors.Toray has also developed a spray-coated CNT-TFT dem-onstrating the world’s highest performance levels: mo-bility of 2.5cm2/Vs and on/off ratio of 106, by combining its proprietary semiconductor polymer and single wall carbon nanotubes.In June 2014, Aneeve Nanoechnologies LLC announded they had overcome a major issue in carbon nanotube technology by developing a flexible, energy-efficient hybrid circuit combining carbon nanotube thin film transistors with other thin film transistors. The company stated that this hybrid could take the place of silicon as the traditional transistor material used in electronic chips, since carbon nanotubes are more transparent, flexible, and can be processed at a lower cost.

Research Developments 2013-2014July 2014Canatu launch Carbon Nanobud (CNB) Flex film, a TCF which according to the company can withstand 180° bending tests at a 1 mm radius, without compromising the conductivity. July 2014IBM announces that it expects to have commercialised its carbon nanotube transistor technology in the early 2020s, thanks to a new design that would allow the transistors to be built on silicon wafers using similar techniques to existing chip manufacturing plants.

MEMORY DEVICESCurrent global market size: $75 billion plusDevelopmental stage: Applied research.

Nanomaterials have potential to meet a wide range of memory device needs including speed, power con-sumption, density, reliability, non-volatility, and cost. There are a number of nanotechnology-based ap-proaches to the development of data storage; Magneto-resistive Random Access Memory (MRAM), Ferroelectric RAM, (FeRAM), Resistive RAM (RRAM), and NRAM (Nano-tube RAM). GMR and TMR effects has been observed in multilayered nanostructures of the form FM (Å)/NM(Å)/FM(Å), which FM is a transition-metal ferromagnetic layer (Fe,Co,Ni or alloys) and NM is a non ferromagnetic metal (Cr, Cu, Ag etc.) or an isolating (tunnel) barrier in case of Tunnel Magneto-Resistance Effect.

PRODUCT DEVELOPERSAlnair Labs CorporationProducts based on the technology developed in the field of optical communications (ultra-short pulse fiber mode-locked laser incorporated CNT, EO probe for sensing electrical field, devices for generating a high-frequency electrical pulses). www.alnair-labs.comAneeve Nanotechnologies LLCThe company is developing aligned carbon nanotubes on insulator materials and silicon for high frequency, low noise and highly linear device applications. The company’s technologies are being applied to printable electronics and carbon nanoelectronics. www.aneeve.comApplied Nanotech, Inc.Applied Nanotech, Inc. has developed a carbon nano-tube (CNT) electron emission lamp suitable for use as a backlight for large area LCD TVs, industrial or medi-cal lighting applications. ANI has developed electron and ion sources for industrial and medical sensing and monitoring. Other applications have been on large area display applications (CNT Field Emission Displays, CNT-FEDs). www.appliednanotech.netBuckeye CompositesThe company’s carbon nanomembrane, or “buckypaper,” is a thin, paper-like membrane of carbon nanotubes, nanofiber, nanoplatelets and/or other carbon nanoma-terial. Buckypaper can be comprised of 100% carbon nanomaterial or can be pre-impregnated or “pre-pregged” with resin. www.buckeyecomposites.comC3Nano Inc.The company is a spin-out from Stanford University who are developing a carbon nanotube based electrode for touch-screen electronic devices. www.c3nano.comCanatu OyCanatu Oy produces carbon nanotubes and a novel NanoBud™ nanomaterial. Carbon NanoBuds™. Carbon NanoBuds™ are utilized as electron field emitters. www.canatu.comCatalytic Materials LLCThe company produces high purity multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibers for the electrically conductive/antistatic polymer market. www.catalytic-materials.comCNTouchThe company is producing CNT touch panels forthe low cost smartphone market. www.cntouch.com

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Dupont Microcircuit Materials Developing nanotubes for flexible displays. www2.dupont.comEnvironmental Energy Nanotech Research Institute CO., Ltd. (EEnanoTech)The company produces carbon nanohorns in coopera-tion with TIE GmbH. EEnanoTech has developed an industrial production process for Carbon Nanohorns (CNH). www.eenanotech.co.jpEikos, Inc.The company is developing transparent, electrically conductive carbon nanotube films and nanotube inks for transparent conductive coatings. Eikos has branded its technology as Invisicon. Eikos is aiming to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) and conducting polymers with carbon nanotube transparent conductors in several common electronic devices, such as touch screens, LCDs, OLEDs, photovoltaics, electroluminescent lamps, electronic paper. www.eikos.comFujitsu LaboratoriesThe company is developing various applications of nano-carbon materials-such as carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, CNT interconnects, and CNT-graphene composites-for semiconductor electronics. The company has combined carbon nanotubes and grapheme to self-form a new nanoscale carbon com-posite, at the relatively low temperature of 510 degrees Celsius. http://jp.fujitsu.com/group/labs/enGS Nanotech Co., Ltd. Producing carbon-based anode materials for batteries. www.gsnanotech.co.krHanwha Nanotech Co., Ltd.The company has been producing carbon nanotubes since 2000, mainly for the electronics and displays mar-kets. www.hanwhananotech.co.krHonjo Chemical CorporationThe company manufactures electrode materials for the next generation flat display’s panel by using carbon nanotubes. The company has a nanotube and fullerene mass-production plant in Japan at Neyagawa Factory under a cooperation agreement with Mitsubishi Corp., Fullerene International Corp. (FIC) and MER Corp. www.honjo-chem.co.jpHyperion Catalysis International, Inc.FIBRIL nanotubes are used to make statically dissipa-tive plastic compounds that are fabricated into devices designed for use in environments where particulate and chemical cleanliness is critical. Applications include test sockets for ICs, silicon wafer handling and computer disk drives. http://hyperioncatalysis.com

Linde GasThe company’s scalable reductive dissolution technol-ogy uses liquid ammonia to produce solubilised carbon nanotubes in the form of inks, which can then be deposited as films. The negative charge on the SWNTs within the ink allows for further functionalisation, extending the field of potential applications to compos-ites, sensors and biology. www.linde-gas.comNanocomp Technologies, Inc.The company was formed in 2004 as a spin-out of Syn-ergy Innovations, Inc. The company is a developer of energy saving performance materials and component products from CNTs. www.nanocomptech.comNanocyl Nanocyl®-7000 series in applications requiring low elec-trical percolation threshold such as high-performance electrostatic dissipative plastics or coatings. www.nanocyl.comNanomaterials Discovery CorporationNanomaterials Discovery Corporation (NDC) develops nanostructured materials, including carbon nanotubes, using high-throughput combinatorial electrochemical methods. Their technology and intellectual property is focused on the discovery and refinement of fuel cell catalysts, rechargeable battery electrodes, flat panel display phosphors, and other inorganic and organic nanostructured materials. www.nanomaterialsdiscov-ery.comNanteroNantero is developing NRAM™, a high-density non-volatile random access memory chip. The proprietary NRAM™ design uses carbon nanotubes as the active memory elements. www.nantero.comNoritake Co., LimitedThe company is developing carbon nanotubes as field emitters for high-voltage field emission displays. www.noritake-itron.jpSamsung ElectronicsThe company is developing carbon nanotube-based color active matrix electrophoretic display (EPD) e-paper based on Unidym’s nanomaterials. www.sam-sung.comSouthWest NanotechnologiesThe company are seeking to commercialize printed TFTs using semiconducting inks, based on its single-wall car-bon nanotube (SWCNT) technology. www.swentnano.comTECO Nanotech Co., LtdThe company is focusing on the development of carbon nanotube field emission displays. XinNano Materials,

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Inc. is a joint venture of TECO Nanotech Co., Ltd. and Xintek, Inc. XinNano Materials, Inc. is market leader in producing high quality field emission grade carbon nanotubes (FECNTs) and components for commercial applications such as flat panel displays and X-ray. wwwe.teconano.com.twTOP NanosysProduce SWNT transparent conductive films. www.topnanosys.comUnidym, Inc. The company produces high-purity, electronics-grade carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for its current applications us-ing an in-house, fully-scalable, and proprietary chemical vapor deposition (CVD) production process. www.unidym.comXinNano Materials, Inc.The company has developed carbon nanotube ink that can be easily applied to substrates to produce transpar-ent conducting film (TCF) and anti-static film used for touch panel, flexible display and EMI shielding applica-tions. The company also produces Field Emission Grade Carbon Nanotubes. www.xinnanomaterials.comXintekThe Company develops and manufactures nanomate-rial-based field emission technologies and products for a broad range of applications including diagnostic medical imaging, homeland security, and information display. www.xintek.com

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Touch Screens OLEDs Conductive ink

GrapheneGraphene has remarkable electronic properties, with an extraordinarily high charge carrier mobility and con-ductivity. It is an excellent conductor, and transports electrons tens of times faster than silicon. These properties make it an ideal candidate for next generation electronic applications. Near-term electronics applications for graphene are in radio-frequency iden-tification tags, low-resolution displays and backlights, sensors, electrical contacts, analog signal processing and electronics packaging. Initially applica-tions will be in low-end electronics, depending on the manufacturing cost. High-end electronics applications are also cost sensitive. MARKET POTENTIAL

Graphene is being developed as a potential replacement for the costly indium tin oxide (ITO) in touch screens. ITO is brittle, mak-ing it unsuitable for flexible touch screens. A network of graphene nanostructures provides an inex-pensive alternative, which is also flexible and stretchable. Samsung is the main technology developer in this area. A number of companies are planning on having graphene in touchscreens by the end of 2014.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Graphene shows potential in trans-parent conductive electrodes in OLEDs due to its controllable trans-parency, good electrical conductivi-ty and tunable work function. There has been extensive research on the use of graphene as transparent electrodes for the purposes of both replacing ITO and also developing flexible OLEDs. In particular, gra-phene have a molecular structure similar to that of organic electronic materials, and thus can form strong bonds with organic electronic materials.MARKET POTENTIAL

Most conductive inks on the market are made from expensive silver particles. They also have to be heat-treated after they’re applied, which means they can’t be printed on polymers and other heat-sensitive materials. Graphene ink requires no heat treatment and is more con-ductive than other carbon-based alternatives to silver inks. BASF is developing graphene inks for electronics applications along with Vorbeck Materials.

MARKET POTENTIAL

APPLICATIONS AND ESTI-MATED TIME TO MARKET

l Graphene RFID tags (Current)

l Conductive inks in displays (1 year)

l Carbon Semiconductors (8 years plus)

MARKET

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The development of future flexible and transparent electronics relies on novel materials, which are mechan-ically flexible, lightweight and low-cost, in addition to being electrically conductive and optically transparent. The demand for transparent conductors is expected to grow rapidly as electronic devices, such as touch screens, displays, solid state lighting and photovoltaics become ubiquitous.

TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORSCurrent global market size: Transparent electrode mar-ket $15 billion plus.Developmental stage: On market in 2014.

Graphene is being developed as a potential replace-ment for indium tin oxide (ITO) in touchscreens, which is the dominant transparent conductor in the electron-ics market. ITO has a market share of more than 97% of transparent conducting coatings, but it is expensive, there are difficulties in the fabrication steps and it is becoming increasingly scarce as global indium sup-ply dwindles. ITO is also mechanically rigid, making it unsuitable for future flexible electronics applications. As a result, non-ITO transparent conductors such as graphene are coming increasingly to the fore. Applica-tions for transparent conductors include touch sensors, displays, lighting, thin-film solar (PV), smart windows, and EMI shielding. There are around 200 companies and research institutions currently developing ITO alterna-

tives such as metal meshes, silver nanowires, conduc-tive polymers, carbon nanotubes, other 2-D materials and GaN. However, graphene is at the forefront of this growing market. A network of graphene nanostructures provides an inexpensive alternative to ITO, and is also flexible and stretchable. Graphene oxide films can be deposited on virtually any substrate, and later converted into a conductor. Therefore it is expected that transparent graphene films may replace rigid and brittle ITO films in touch panel screen electrodes.

Developments in 2013/2014MarchResearchers from EPFL design a new flash memory cell prototype that is made from graphene and Molybdenite (MoS2). The new design is efficient, flexible, small and fast. The concept is that the unique electronic proper-ties of MoS2 are combined with graphene’s excellent conductivity. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn3059136MayKorean researchers develop a new blue nitride LED that uses 3D graphene foam as a transparent conductor for the p-contact. They claim that the graphene foam reduced the forward voltage by 26% and increased the light output by 14%. http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.4802798

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MayResearchers from Korea’s Sungkyunkwan University develop a highly flexible and transparent memory device using graphene electrodes (both and anode and the cathode). This is the first time graphene is used for the bottom electrode in such a device, and this was achieved by using a chemical union of the bottom electrode with the molecular film of organic molecules (which is placed between the two electrodes). http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v4/n5/full/ncom-ms2937.htmlJuneCambridge University’s Graphene Centre and Plastic Logic sign a research collaboration agreement on gra-phene in flexible plastic electronics. JunePowerbooster Technology develop a graphene-based flexible touch-panels for mobile devices. The company says that graphene is cheaper and stronger than ITO (traditionally used for touch panels). The company plans to invest $150 million in the next three years in order to bring their solutions to the market. Powerbooster is partnering with Bluestone Global Tech to supply them with graphene.NovemberGraphene platform, Cambridge Graphene Platform (CGP) and Nissha Printing will co-develop new elec-tronic devices based on CGP s graphene ink technology. This alliance is expected to last three years. Nissha will contribute its own printing technology to help develop CGP’s inks. The company hopes to apply those new inks in the field of printed electronics. CGP and Graphene Platform will develop the inks themselves (graphene inks and other nanomaterials too) and will provide advice and consulting to Nissha.December 2013Chongqing Morsh Technology begin the mass produc-tion of large area single-layer graphene sheets On December 2013Ningbo Morsh Technology announce a mass production line of high-quality graphene, with an annual capacity of 300-ton of graphene per year in the first phase. The second phase will increase annual production to over 1,000 tons of graphene material.

January 2014The Graphene Research Centre (GRC) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and BASF announce a new partnership to develop the use of graphene in organic electronics devices - such as OLED devices. The

goal of this collaboration is to interface graphene films with organic electronic materials, with an aim to create more efficient and flexible lighting devices.January 2014Chinese smartphone maker AWIT INC sells out its first batch of 2000 units of graphene-smartphone AWIT AT26 priced at CNY 799. http://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?spm=a1z10.1.w5003-3485316631.1.khgm4K&id=35344890645&mt=&scene=taobao_shop

OPTICAL SWITCHESCurrent global market size: $7 billion.Developmental stage: Applied research.

Research has demonstrated that the response rate of an optical switch using graphene is around 100 fem-toseconds. This is approximately hundred times faster than the few picoseconds measured in current optical switches.

Developments in 2013MayNorthwestern University researchers develop a gra-phene-based ink that is highly conductive and tolerant to bending, using it to inkjet-print graphene patterns that could be used for electrodes. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jz400644cJulyResearchers from the Universities of Bath and Exeter develop and demonstrate an optical switch made from graphene. http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v110/i21/e217406

CONDUCTIVE INKSCurrent global market size: $3 billion.Developmental stage: Product.

The printed electronics sector is fast growing with ap-plications in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for tracking inventory, photovoltaics, sensors, vehicles, smart packaging for anti-theft and anti-tampering purposes, smart cards, printed batteries, electrochemi-cal sensors, flexible displays and lighting and touch screens. Nanomaterials utilized in this market include graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silver and copper nanostructure (nanoparticle and nanowire) inks. Gra-phene conductive inks are expected to provide superior mechanical robustness, flexibility and enhanced inter-facial adhesion to improve lifetime and performance of printed electronics, while providing significant cost

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advantage over silver-based inks currently widely used in printed electronics industry.Vor-ink™, a graphene-based conductive ink whose first iteration became commercially available in 2009, is be-ing developed by Vorbeck Materials to not only displace silver and carbon inks in the $3 billion conductive ink market, but create new markets, such as those in smart packaging and wearable electronics. Formulations with resistivity values down to 1 ohm/sq/mil – orders of magnitude lower than traditional carbon inks – have been developed and are commercially available. Although not as conductive as silver inks, low tempera-ture curing, environmental stability (it is not a metal, so it does not corrode like one), flexibility, and a much lower price tag grant major incentives to this product. Currently Vorbeck Materials has capacity to produce ~50 tons of ink per year with expansion planned. Through a partnership with MeadWestvaco inks have been used in antitheft packaging, and a large rollout at major retailers is currently underway. Vorbeck Materi-als is also working with major apparel manufacturers to bring smart clothing, utilizing a line of graphene-enabled wearable electronics, to mass market in 2014. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding represents another major opportunity for graphene containing conductive inks. Haydale are also producing graphene inks with a sheet resistivity of under 10 ohms/sq and a low cur-ing temperature. The inks were specifically formulated for screen-printing applications but can be adapted to flexographic and gravure printing techniques. While they are not as conductive as silver, they are cheaper and the price is less volatile. It does not oxidize like cop-per and it will not crack when subject to bending like most metal based inks. The inks therefore lend them-selves to flexible printed electronics and with a high surface area can be used in chemical sensor electrodes and give equivalent or improved performance over the industry standard electrode ink. Other producers tar-getting the conductive inks market include XG Sciences, Cambridge Graphene Platform and Innophene.

Developments in 2013JuneHaydale announces that with its development partner, Gwent Electronic Materials (“GEM”), it has developed graphene based inks with properties that now quickly enable its customers to use graphene in a wide range of

applications.

HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITSCurrent global market size: $300 billion plus.Developmental stage: Applied research.

The increasing market demand for smaller and faster electronics has so far been meet by reducing transistor sizes. However, the trend will soon reach its physical limits. One solution is to incorporate new material such as graphene with silicon-based electronics. Graphene has a vanishing band-gap for semiconduc-tor application. As a result, it is not suitable for logic applications, because devices cannot be switched off. Therefore, graphene must be modified to produce a band-gap, if it is to be used in electronic devices.Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are one-dimensional nanostructures that display a variety of electronic behaviours. Depending on their structure, GNRs real-ize metallic and semiconducting electronic structures with band gaps that can be tuned across broad ranges. Certain GNRs also exhibit a peculiar gapped magnetic phase for which the half-metallic state can be induced as well as the topologically nontrivial quantum spin Hall electronic phase. Because their electronic properties are highly tunable, GNRs could prove important in electron-ics applications.

Developments in 2013JuneResearchers from the University of Copenhagen and the Chinese Academy of Sciences develop a transparent transistor made from just one molecular monolayer gra-phene. The graphene was used as transparent top-con-tacts in this design. The new “molecular computer chip” is built from three layers: gold, molecular components and graphene. The molecular transistor is switched on and of using a light impulse. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201300607/abstractJuneMIT researchers develop a new system, based on fer-roelectric materials and graphene, that uses plasmons wave control to interconnect between electronic devices and light wave devices (such as fiber optics and photonic chips). Current such interconnectors are rela-tively slow and are often a bottleneck in those systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4807762

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JulyResearchers from Singapore’s A*STAR Institute develop a new graphene ribbons (GNRs) based magnetic field-effect transistor (it responds to changes in a magnetic field). The basic idea is to use two armchair-edged GNRs joined end to end. One of the ribbons acts as a metallic conductor while the other one (which is wider) acts as a semiconductor. The existence of a magnetic field makes this device conductive. http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v101/i18/p183111_s1AugustResearchers from the University of Texas develop high performance (25-Ghz) printed graphene field-effect-transistors (G-FETs) on flexible plastic substrates. They say these are the world’s fastest such transistors to date. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn403487yAugustResearchers from Korea’s Advanced Institute of Science and Dankook University develop a new fabrication process for foldable graphene circuits based on paper substrates. The new method uses a transfer printing process to prevent direct contact of the solvent and pa-per and to easily control the thickness of the deposited graphene. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201302063/abstractOctoberResearchers in electrical and computer engineer-ing at UC Santa Barbara model an integrated circuit design scheme in which transistors and intercon-nects are monolithically patterned seamlessly on a sheet of graphene, a 2-dimensional plane of carbon atoms. The demonstration offers possibilities for ultra energy-efficient, flexible, and transparent elec-tronics. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/103/8/10.1063/1.4818462DecemberResearchers at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) in Korea develop a method for mass production of graphene-based field-effect transistors (FETs). The design creates boron/nitrogen co-doped graphene nanoplatelets (BCN-graphene) via a simple solvothermal reaction of BBr3/CCl4/N2 in the presence of potassium. Various methods of making graphene-based FETs have been exploited, including doping graphene, tailoring graphene like a nanorib-bon, and using boron nitride as a support. Among the methods of controlling the bandgap of graphene, doping methods show the most promise in terms of industrial-scale feasibility. The challenge still remains in fine-tuning a band-gap to improve the on/off current

ratio for real device applications.

July 2014Graphenea demonstrate the growth of commercially important GaN-on-silicon devices using graphene as an intermediary layer.

MEMORY DEVICESCurrent global market size: $75 billion plusDevelopmental stage: Applied research.

Charge-based memory devices such as dynamic ran-dom access memory and flash memory, while omni-present today, face severe technological and physical limitations as device dimensions shrink. As an alterna-tive, resistive random access memory relying upon a switching mechanism based on change in resistance has attracted much attention as a promising next gen-eration nonvolatile memory owing to its simple struc-ture, facile processing, high density and fast switching capabilities.Under development are various graphene–based nonvolatile resistive memory elements. As a gapless semiconductor, charge carriers in graphene can be tuned continuously from electrons to holes, crossing the charge neutral point using an external electric field. Graphene intrinsically has a high resistance state at the neutrality point and a low resistance state when heavily doped, so has excellent potential for use as a resistive memory.

Developments in 2013MayResearchers from Korea’s Sungkyunkwan University develop a highly flexible and transparent memory device using graphene electrodes (both and anode and the cathode). This is the first time graphene is used for the bottom electrode in such a device, and this was achieved by using a chemical union of the bottom electrode with the molecular film of organic molecules (which is placed between the two electrodes). http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v4/n5/full/ncom-ms2937.htmlMayResearchers from Spain succeed in giving graphene magnetic properties - creating a hybrid graphene surface that behaves like a magnet. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2610JuneResearchers from the Politecnico di Milano and the Uni-

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versity of Illinois develop a Gigahertz graphene ring os-cillator (1.28 GHz). They say that this oscillator appears to be less sensitive to fluctuations in the supply voltage compared to both conventional silicon CMOS and oscil-lators made from CNTs. And the best carbon nanotube ring oscillator made to date operates at just 50 MHz. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn401933vJuneResearchers from the University of Manchester create elementary magnetic moments in graphene and then switch them on and off. This is the first time magnetism itself has been toggled, rather than the magnetization direction being reversed. July Researchers from Japan’s Advanced Science Research Center, the Atomic Energy Agency and the National Institute for Materials Science develop a way to detect the electronic spin state of graphene contacted to a magnetic metal, using a spin-polarized metastable helium beam. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.car-bon.2013.04.077OctoberThe National University of Singapore and Fuji Electric (Malaysia) launch a new research project to develop graphene-based magnetic hard disk media. This project will explore how graphene may be used to provide a protective layer to HDD media. This will enable the magnetic heads to approach closer to the hard disks which will in turn enable higher densities. The Graphene Research Center at NUS will integrate the graphene unto conventional magnetic media, and then Fuji Electric will conduct necessary assessments to en-sure the new product is suitable for commercialization, including corrosion, durability and capacity tests. NUS is the sole proprietor of this new technology.December Researchers from the US, Singapore, Brazil and Ireland theoretically demonstrate that if you fold a graphene sheet in a fin-like structure and expose it to a magnetic field you open up a bandgap. This will also produce spin-polarized current, which should make it useful in Spintronics applications. http://phys.org/news/2013-07-elucidation-state-electrons-graphene.html#inlRlv

PRODUCT DEVELOPERSSamsung is the main technology developer in graphene transparent conductors and there are a number of producers, application developers and OEMS working in the area. Chinese company Chongqing Morsh Technol-ogy is building a production facility in Chongqing that

they claim will be used to produce 15” single-layer graphene films. They are planning start production by March 2014, and they have already signed an commer-cial agreement with Guangdong Zhengyang, an OGS maker to produce 10 million graphene based transpar-ent conducting films (TCFs) in a year for the next five years, for application in touchscreens. Vorbeck Materials (http://vorbeck.com) and BASF (www.basf.com) are developing dispersions of highly conduc-tive graphene for producing electrically conductive coating and compounds especially for the electron-ics industry. Other companies active in this sphere include Graphene Frontiers (www.graphenefrontier.com), Graphenea (www.graphenea.com)and Graphene Devices (www.graphenedev.com). Graphene Frontiers is developing methods to produce large area graphene on an industrial scale. According to Graphene Frontiers, they have solved the problems of scale: CVD Graphene films can now be mass-produced and transferred to nearly any substrate. The company claim their patent pending method for low cost production and etch-free transfer of graphene films will disrupt multi-billion dollar markets including sensors, energy storage, and flexible electronics. The company’s GF-3012 product is transparent conductive film loaded on transparent glass slides for ITO replace-ment. Most graphene producers are aiming for the electronics industry as the key market. UK-based graphene producer Haydale (www.haydale.com)is producing conductive inks in collaboration with Gwent Electronic Materials for application in flexible electronics. Bluestone Global Tech (http://bluestonegt.com) is producing Grat-FilmTM for application in touch panels and LEDs. Chinese company Powerbooster Technology is utilizing the film in graphene-based flexible touch-panels for mobile devices. The company has stated that it plans to invest $150 million over three years to incorporate graphene into mobile devices.Graphene Laboratories, Inc., sells graphene conductive films via the Graphene Supermarket (www.graphene-supermarket.com). Sony is also at the forefront of production. In 2013 it announced fabrication of high-quality 100m long graphene transparent conductive film with a sheet resistance as low as 150 Ω/sq.However, large scale production of low sheet resistance and high optical transparency graphene films that are electrically stable over time has yet to be fully estab-lished.The scalability, reproducibility and cost effectiveness of integrating them into practical devices is currently un-

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der development. Also, graphene ‘s success in transpar-ent conductors is also dependent on the development of competing alternative materials, such as thin metal films, metal nanowire films, conducting polymers and various other forms of hybrid films, as well as other 2D nanomaterials that are coming to prominence.

AMO GmbHAMO has experience with graphene devices in conjunc-tion with its experimental CMOS technology for nano-scale devices and novel materials, its advanced high resolution e-beam lithography (Leica EBPG5000) with direct write capabilities below 10 nm and its UV-Nano-imprint lithography for fast cycle nanoscale research. www.amo.deAvestaThe company has developed with A.M. Prokhorov Gen-eral Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences graphene doped ER-fiber lasers. www.avesta.ruBASF Vorbeck and BASF are developing dispersions of highly conductive graphene for producing electrically conduc-tive coating and compounds especially for the electron-ics industry. www.basf.comCambridge Graphene PlatformUsing proprietary solution processing techniques, Cambridge Graphene Platform provide printable inks derived from graphene and other 2D layered materials.www.grapheneplatform.co.ukCarben Semicon Ltd.The company’s Ribtan product is a graphene-based material, which can be produced in any of three states: insulating, semiconducting and metallic. Low cost printing deposition and inexpensive processing make materials attractive as a conductor for interconnect and as a semiconductor in thin films for electronic applica-tions such as Home TV LCD and Integrated Circuits. www.carbensemicon.comChongqing Morsh Technology The company is building a production facility in Chongqing that will be used to produce 15” single-layer graphene films. They hope to start production by March 2014, and they already signed an agreement with Guangdong Zhengyang, an OGS maker to produce 10 million graphene based transparent conducting films (TCFs) in a year for the next five years. These films will be used to produce touch panels for mobile devices. www.morsh.cnCrayoNanoThe company has developed a novel technique that

enables growth of vertically aligned and self-catalyzed nanowires on graphite and graphene. The company es-timates that they could have the semiconductor hybrid materials on the market by 2017. http://crayonano.comFirmus SAM The company has been granted a patent for a novel electronics manufacturing method using graphene and other two-dimensional carbon crystals like graphene. www.firmus.netFujitsu LaboratoriesThe company is developing various applications of nano-carbon materials-such as carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, CNT interconnects, and CNT-graphene com-posites-for semiconductor electronics. http://jp.fujitsu.com/group/labs/enIBMIBM has been researching graphene based-transistors, but do not currently view it as an acceptable replace-ment for silicon. IBM has demonstrated a 155GHz graphene transistor. They have created 100-gigahertz graphene radio frequency transistors for DARPA under its Carbon Electronics for RF Applications (CERA) program. The gate length of IBM’s graphene transistor was 240 nm. By optimizing its fabrication processes to increase mobility and reduce defects, IBM plans to increase the speed of its graphene transistors up to the CERA program goal of 1 terahertz. www.ibm.comInnophene Co. Innophene is a Thailand-based developer of graphene printed electronics products. The main product is PHENE conductive ink, based on oxygen-free graphene. The ink is said to be produced with a green technology that does not leave behind chemical waste. Innophene has established the Printed Electronics Application Research Center at the Thailand Science Park, offering custom solutions that can be developed by its research and engineering teams. It is the first Printed Electronics research center in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). http://innophene.com/index.phpIntel CorporationThe company is developing epitaxial graphene films for interference devices. www.intel.comGraphensic ABThe company are producing high-quality films of gra-phene on sic substrates with a unique manufacturing method involving high-temperature processing.Graphene-on-SiC can be used in the creation of a monolithic transistors for combining an on/ off ratio or more than 104 with the absence of damping at mega-

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hertz frequencies. Fabrication, in its most simple form, requires just a single lithography step to build transis-tors, diodes, resistors and eventually integrated circuits, without the need of metallic interconnects. One hurdle to the realization of such circuits is the lack of a band-gap for graphene. However, this can be addressed by turning to ribbons of graphene, which have a bandgap of 0.5 eV and can be produced by making forced topo-graphical changes on SiC. http://graphensic.comGraphene Devices Ltd. Projects under development include: Conductive coat-ings on solar cells and display technologies; graphene added to acrylics used in the windshields and win-dows of fighter planes. The graphene additive could strengthen the acrylics and shield against electromag-netic interference; nano-magnesium-graphene alloy for use as strong, lightweight structural materials and armor; graphene coatings for medical devices. www.graphenedev.comGraphene Industries Ltd.The company produces graphene flakes with a thick-ness of <1nm to nm. The method these use is graphite to graphene via organic solvent and ultrasound agita-tion. Electronics and optics applications. Examples include: high frequency transistors, photodiodes, transparent conductive coatings for touch screens and displays. http://grapheneindustries.comGraphenea NanomaterialsMain markets for the company’s graphene thin films are renewable energy, energy storage, electronics and optoelectronics (displays). www.graphenea.comHRL Laboratories, LLCThe company is developing graphene field-effect tran-sistors (FETs) using epitaxial graphene film operating in the radio frequency (RF) range. The goal is to develop a new generation of carbon-based radio-frequency integrated circuits for ultra-high-speed, ultra-low-power applications. www.hrl.comTexas Instruments, Inc.The company is developing large-area monolayer gra-phene nanoplatelets for electronics applications. www.ti.com

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Table 27: Carbon nanotubes and graphene in the electronics market-Target market revenues

ORNL Transparent electrode market 2011: $4 billion. 2013: $26 billion. 2015: $58 billion

Nanomarkets Global conductive coatings market 2012: $9 billion. 2019: $19 billion

University of Sheffield Global electronics coatings and films market, in 2010 is estimated to be $3 billion

Observatory Nano Global data storage market 2010: $110 billion

Engineer Live The electronic displays market, in 2010 is estimated to be $100 billion.Touchscreens account for approximately 13% of this total.

Department for Business Innovation and Skills UK

Plastic electronics market 2020: $120 billion

IC Insights IC sales 2013: $300 billion

USDC Flexible Displays Report

Flexible electronics market 2015: $62.5 billion

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LED lighting Transistors Conductors

NanowiresNanowires are impacting the next gen-eration of electronic devices, biosen-sors and solar energy technology. One of the leading candidates to replace ITO in electronic devices, nanowires is an important growing market. Batter-ies and lighting are also sectors that nanowires are likely to witness growth in over the next decade. Semiconduc-tor silicon nanowires are promising materials in printable electronics due to their well-developed synthesis pro-cesses and the ability to tailor material properties through shape, size, and atomic-composition control.

MARKET POTENTIAL

GaN-Nanowire-based LEDs are under development by a number of companies. Advantages include higher lumens, increased efficiency and lower power consumption than traditional lighting modules. Their waveguiding properties and the ability to grow nonpolar GaN nanowire-based heterostructures, leads to increased light extraction and improved internal quantum efficiency.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Silicon nanowire transistors are of interest for future generation inte-grated circuits. Current devices are formed laterally on a single crystal silicon substrate by lithography and etching – processes which are rapidly reaching their limits in terms of device feature size. Nanowire growth provides an alterative route to the fabrication of very small diameter (<20 nm) high density ver-tical transistor arrays with a wrap-around gate structure that offers improved performance.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Nanosilver wires have been devel-oped as an alternative to sputter-deposited ITO transparent conduc-tors. Companies involved in product development in this market include Blue Nano, Cambrios, Agfa, Blue Nano, Carestream Advanced Materi-als, Cima Nanotech, Dow Chemical, PolyIC, Ferro, Saint-Gobain, Sigma Technologies, Suzhou NanoGrid Technology and Sumitomo Metals and Mining.

MARKET POTENTIAL

APPLICATIONS AND ESTI-MATED TIME TO MARKET

l Hybrid CMOS/nanoelectronic systems that are based on conventional CMOS devices connected to nanowire arrays (2-5 years)

l Silver nanowire transparent conductors (Current)

l LED lighting (1 year)

MATERIALS

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PropertiesA nanowire is a filament typically measuring 2 to 100 nm in diameter. Nanowires of a variety of materials (Carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fiber; Nanoforms of wide band gap materials such as SiC, GaN, AlN, BN, ZnO; other semiconductors such as Si, CdTe, CdS; and nanostructures and nanowires of established electron emitters such as LaB6) have gained importance in the past decade owing to their potential for reliable inte-gration into electronic devices.These devices benefit from nanowires large surface to volume ratios, small active volumes, quantum confine-ment effects and integration in complex architectures on the nanoscale including sensors, optoelectronics, nanoelectronic and energy harvesting applications. Basic electronic devices like junction diodes, transistors, FETs and logic gates can be fabricated by using semi-conductor and superlattice nanowires. Controlled and uniform assembly of nanowires with high scalability is still one of the major bottleneck challenges towards the materials and device integration for electronics.

LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LED)GaN-Nanowire-based LEDs are under development by a number of companies. Advantages include higher lumens, increased efficiency and lower power consump-tion than traditional lighting modules. Their waveguid-ing properties and the ability to grow nonpolar GaN nanowire-based heterostructures, leads to increased

light extraction and improved internal quantum ef-ficiency.

ITO REPLACEMENTThe performance, cost, and durability of current touch sensors are limited by the shortfalls of the current industry standard material, indium tin oxide (ITO). Silver nanowires are one of the leading candidates for ITO replacement for capacitance touch screens, along with graphene, carbon nanotubes and PEDOT. Films utilizing silver nanowires offer several advantages over ITO in-cluding lower cost, flexibility, and durability. Companies involved in product development in this market include Blue Nano, Cambrios, Agfa, Blue Nano, Carestream Advanced Materials, Cima Nanotech, Dow Chemical, PolyIC, Ferro, Saint-Gobain, Sigma Technologies, Suzhou NanoGrid Technology and Sumitomo Metals and Min-ing. Cambrios and Cima NanoTech have developed conductive coatings by suspending silver nanowires in a solution. The ability to deposit the films using low-temperature processing such as roll-to-roll coating and printing makes the technology cost-effective and easily scalable, as opposed to high-temperature sputtering for ITO. Silver nanowires are also superior to ITO in trans-mission and conductivity. These cathodes can also be flexed (unlike ITO), making them more viable candi-dates for flexible electronics.

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TRANSISTORSSilicon nanowire transistors are of interest for future generation integrated circuits. Current devices are formed laterally on a single crystal silicon substrate by lithography and etching – processes which are rapidly reaching their limits in terms of device feature size. Nanowire growth provides an alterative route to the fabrication of very small diameter (<20 nm) high den-sity vertical transistor arrays with a wrap-around gate structure that offers improved performance.

PRODUCT DEVELOPERSBlue NanoBlue Nano is a manufacturer of silver nanowires for uses ranging from energy, automotive, printed electronics, Displays, chemical, materials and medical. In particular, they have placed an emphasis on cutting-edge clean energy products for solar cells, lithium ion batteries and a variety of chemical and fuel cell catalysts. www.bluenanoinc.comCambrios Technologies Corp.The company’s proprietary nanostructured materials can be deposited using existing production equipment to achieve enhanced performance of display devices and components at lower manufacturing cost. The company’s first product is ClearOhm™ coating material that produces a transparent, conductive film by wet processing. ClearOhm™ films have improved proper-ties by comparison to currently used materials such as indium tin oxide and other transparent conductive oxides. www.cambrios.comCarestream Advanced MaterialsCarestream FLEXX Transparent Conductive Films use silver nanowire technology and roll-to-roll process to provide a more flexible, durable and affordable alterna-tive to ITO films. The silver nanowires in our FLEXX films compare favorably to ITO’s consistent conductivity and optical quality, while offering higher light transmission, greater flexibility and bendability, longer durability, and improved cost effectiveness — all with proven environ-mental stability.www.carestream.com/specials/adv-materialsCima NanotechThe company has developed conductive coatings by suspending silver nanowires in a solution. SANTE™ is a custom formulated silver nanoparticle emulsion that is applied via a low-cost and clean wet coating process. SANTE™ self-assembles into a transparent conductive network with very high electrical conductivity, high transparency and flexibility, thus enabling increased

performance and new applications in electronics. It is used for applications like electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, touch screens, transparent heating, photovoltaic, OLED lighting, LED lighting and flexible electronics. With its simpler, faster and more cost-ef-fective deposition process, SANTE™ is poised to be the next-generation coating technology. www.cimanano-tech.comCrayoNanoThe company was spun-off from the Norwegian Univer-sity of Science and Technology (NTNU) to commercial-ize a new technology to grow gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires on graphene using molecular beam epitaxy. The new hybrid electrode material offers excellent op-toelectronic properties. The responsivity of the compa-ny’s GaAs nanowire device is estimated to be around 30 mA/W which is 3 orders of magnitude larger than previ-ously reported for a single GaAs nanowire. Their nanow-ires demonstrate no degradation in the optoelectronic material quality, as compared to GaAs nanowires grown on GaAs substrates. http://crayonano.comEverspin TechnologiesEverspin MRAM is a memory that uses the magnetism of electron spin to provide non-volatility without wear-out. Everspin MRAM stores information in magnetic material integrated with silicon circuitry to deliver the speed of SRAM with the non-volatility of Flash in a single unlimited-endurance device. Everspin MRAM devices are designed to combine the best features of non-volatile memory and RAM to enable “instant-on” capability and power loss protection for an increasing number of electronic systems. http://everspin.comglo ABFounded in 2005, glō AB is a venture-backed, devel-opment-stage company focused on development and commercialisation of entirely new, highly energy efficient and very low cost nanowire light-emitting diodes (nLED) based on its proprietary heterostructured semiconductor nanowire epitaxial growth and process technologies. www.glo.seQuNanoFounded in Sweden in 2005, QuNano works to com-mercialise cutting-edge, proprietary semiconductor and non-semiconductor nanowire technology in diverse fields such as solid state electronics, solid state illu-mination, highly efficient photovoltaics, and the life sciences. www.qunano.comRas MaterialsECOS silver nanowires & AgPURE silver nanoparticles produced by RAS Materials are used as additives or

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coatings for polymer materials. ECOS silver nanowires are engineered to have a high electrical conductiv-ity with a low concentration or content of pure silver. AgPURE Nanowires is designed for conductive appli-cations. The silver particles show a very good aspect ratio to comply with the high requirements of future markets. The low amounts of silver enable production of Transparent Conductive Surfaces. These materials are strongly desired components for use in displays, pho-tovoltaics and light emitting diodes (LED), as well as for transparent IR-reflection coatings. AgPURE nanowires are: long and ultrathin conductive wires on the basis of pure silver (scale-bar in image: 1 µm; the length is in the range of 5-20 µm; the diameter is around 100 nm. http://rasmaterials.comSeashell TechnologiesSeashell Technology LLC was started in 1996 in San Di-ego, California and is focused on developing nanoscale materials. While the company manufactures several different types of nanomaterials, they specialize in the production of silver nanowires. Seashell produces silver nanowires using HiFlex eFilmTM technology. The com-pany’s manufacturing processes can be used to create silver nanorods and nanowires with diameters as thin as 50 nanometers and lengths as great as several hundred microns. Applications are in biomedical, thermal, elec-tronic, metrology, environmental and defense applica-tions. www.seashelltech.comSigma-AldrichThe company offers high-purity silicon nanowires. The nanowires are available monodispersed either undoped or doped (p-type) as well as polydispersed with vary-ing lengths. As analogs to carbon nanotube materials, silicon nanowires are beginning to be realized for ap-plications including field-effect transistors, photovolta-ics, sensors, lithium batteries and catalysts. They can be assembled or aligned onto a number of flexible or transparent substrates using both established and cut-ting-edge methods. One such refined method includes the alignment of individual silicon nanowires between more than 16,000 electrodes using a balanced combina-tion of dielectrophoretic forces and uniform fluid flow. www.sigmaaldrich.comSinovia TechnologiesStart-up producing silver nanowire-based transparent conductive films. www.sinoviatech.comUS Nano LLCUS Nano produces semiconducting nanowires. www.

usnanollc.com

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Quantum dotsQuantum dots (QD) are already in-corporated into consumer electron-ics products including the Amazon Kindle HDX and other Sony Xperia devices. Most major companies are developing QD technology that can achieve a significantly larger range of colours (60% - 100% improve-ment) over LCD displays as well as using significantly less energy. Mass produced displays incorporat-ing QDs are set to hit the market in 2014/2015. Modified LCD-TVs from Sony (using QD Vision’s QDs) have been commercially available since 2013.

MARKET POTENTIAL

APPLICATIONS AND ESTI-MATED TIME TO MARKET

l Tablet display screens incorporating QDs (Commercialized)

l QD-TVs (within 1 year) l Quantum computing (7-

15 years)

MARKET

Market driversAs well as enabling novel approaches to display de-signs, nanomaterials are also incorporated into display components, such as transparent electrodes, thin film transistors and coatings, sensors, transparent conduc-tors, and infrared and visible photodetectors. Multi-national companies Toshiba, Motorola, Hitachi and Samsung are all developing nanomaterial-based display technologies utilizing a variety of nanomaterials includ-ing graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires and quantum dots (QD).

Liquid Crystal Displays Traditional Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) offer only a fraction of the colours that are visible to the human eye. In the current display market LCDs are both inefficient and do not produce the vibrant colors of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) are thinner, have a clearer picture and utilize significantly less power. However, they also suffer from a number of drawbacks.QD films used in displays are regarded as superior to both technologies (although QDs are easily integrated into the existing LCD displays). QD films are approxi-mately 10-50% more efficient than standard LCDs. They function by converting light of one colour into a

different colour within a precise wavelength range that can be tailoured via control of the QD particles. They produce narrow output spectral distributions that are easily tuneable in peak wavelength to match any set of LCD colour filters. QDs are also capable of doing this with high efficiency, leading to a reduction in energy consumption. However, LCDs are relatively inexpensive to produce in large screen sizes, and consumers will generally choose the right price over the right colour. The traditional LCD market is mature and very competi-tive, with revenues falling after high capital spending. Therefore the incorporation of QD films into devices is of increasing importance. QD films are also easily inte-grated into existing LCD supply chain, with white LEDs replaced by blue LEDs.

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)A number of OLED manufacturers have stated that larger size OLEDs can be built that will provide a com-parable colour gamut to quantum dot films, but the energy consumption of an OLED display is significantly higher than quantum dot film LEDs (as high as three times that of a cadmium-based QD LCD). It has been demonstrated that the cadmium generated in waste from the additional electricity generation required to operate OLEDs far exceeds the amount of cadmium

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present in an equivalent quantum dot film. A number of companies claim OLEDs cannot currently be made in acceptable yields except in small sizes and cannot be made in larger sizes in sufficient quantities to meet a fraction of the current world wide display needs due to limited capacity. Main current applications are in smartphones, tablets, digital cameras, electric razors, car stereos and monitors. OLEDs have been consistently facing mass production issues for applications on large-size displays and is expected to have high production costs for at least a few more years. Yields and capital spending requirements will keep costs high. The afore-mentioned technical issues will also limit the ability to bring OLED costs down, limiting the technology to niche/high end applications. However, the technology is improving with energy usage likely to reduce significantly in the next few

years. In terms of the scale of the displays, 55” panels are currently available in Asia, the UK and US. Although many feel they are only likely to be of significance for Suitable for thin, lightweight, small displays, according to industry sources, TVs will represent 17 % of the OLED market by 2014. A leading OLED manufacturer plans to commercialise a 60” flexible, ultrahigh definition TV by 2017.Due to drawbacks with the aforementioned technolo-gies, display developers have been seeking alternative solutions to providing high contrast and more energy-efficient products to their TV and possibly even tablet, smartphone and notebook customers, which has lead to the development of QD displays. QDs are able to meet both the performance and lifetime requirements for LCD applications.

Table 7: Approaches for integrating QDs into displays

ON-CHIP ON-EDGE ON-SURFACE

QD Integration QDs placed directly within LED package (directly on the blue LED dye), which is coupled to light guide.

QDs placed between LED package and light guide.

QDs placed in thin film on top of the light guide plate, covering entire display surface.

Operating tem-perature

High (~ 150°C) Moderate (between that of on-surface and on-chip).

Near room temperature (Resulting in Improved system lifetime).

QDs usage Low (Small surface area). In the single pass configu-ration a higher concentra-tion of quantum dots are required.

Moderate (Medium surface area). In the single pass configuration a higher con-centration of QDs are also required.

High (Largest surface area). Significantly lower concentration of quantum dots needed due to multiple light reflection.

Pros & cons • Most efficient approach • Need to withstand high temperatures • Need a cost effective way of sealing against oxygen• QDs are exposed to extreme light flux and temperature conditions re-sulting in reduced life and performance levels. There-fore this is not viewed as viable for product integra-tion for a number of years.

• Assembly issues • Need additional room in the device • Capillary is fragile (poten-tial for exposure to QD resin)• Method is not scalable to smaller screen sizes due to bezel constraints.

• Ease of mass production • Lower optical flux and heat • Easy to incorporate into an exist-ing device same assembly

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QD-LEDsCurrent applications of QD luminescence harness the optically induced emission (photoluminescence) of col-loidal QDs for use in the backlighting of liquid-crystal displays. Energy savings are associated with improved efficiency of the LED backlights. The majority of current technology is the result of over two decades of exten-sive research and development on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. QD-LEDs possess unique properties of the tunable emission wavelengths via: • controlling the size of QDs• highly saturated emission• narrow emission with small full width at half maxima (FWHM)• solution process• and compatibility with flexible substrates.

QD films are already incorporated in products such as TVs, monitors, tablets, notebooks and smartphones. According to Nanoco the proportion of quantum dots used in current LCD displays is:• TVs: 2% of a Global Annual LCD Area (m2) of 157,333,925• Monitors: 3% of a Global Annual LCD Area (m2) of 29,365,561 • Notebook/Ultrabooks: 7% of a Global Annual LCD Area (m2) of 22,819,763

• Tablets: 60% of a Global Annual LCD Area (m2) of 12,174,293• Small displays (e.g. smartphone): 20% of a Global An-nual LCD Area (m2) of 12,000,660.The lifetimes of QD-LEDs (mainly type IV) at present operated at initial video brightness (100 cd m2) are of the order of 100–1,000 hours (>10,000 hours is required for displays). They turn on instantly, and can be tuned to produce any shade of white light (or any colour). The lifetimes of state-of-the-art OLEDs are in the range of 103–106 hours. QD Vision has reported a QD-LED with a half-life of >10,000 hours when operated at an initial brightness of 100 cd m2. Advantages of QLEDs over OLEDs include:• Power consumption: more energy efficient than OLEDs (> 2 times) at the same colour purity.• Brightness: 30 - 40% luminance (brightness) efficiency advantage at the same colour quality.• Cost: ability to print large-area of QLEDs on ultra-thin flexible substrates, which will reduce manufacturing costs.

Cd-free quantum dots, e.g., InP based core/shell nano-crystals, are currently under research and development by numerous research institutions and companies. At present, according to sources, these Cd-free quantum dots still suffer from low quantum efficiencies which re-

Figure 2: Sony Triluminos LCD-TV incorporating QDs (Image: Sony).

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sults in half the energy efficiency of Cd-based quantum dots in display backlights. Furthermore, Cd-free quan-tum dots have wider emission spectra than cadmium based dots, resulting in reduced color gamut size in LCD applications. 3M state that Cd-Free QD film result in 20-40% lower system efficiency than the standard QD film solution.However, this has been refuted by Dow and Nanoco and they are planning on rolling out Cd-free QDs for application in LCD displays in the next 12 months. They signed a licence agreement in 2013 and small-scale manufacture is currently undertaken in the UK and larg-er scale manufacture is scheduled to be online by mid-2014, with Dow building a $400 million plant in Asia. According to Nanoco, the optical emission performance Cd-free currently meet the requirements for commercial LCD screens, in terms of enhanced screen colour range and lifetime (at least 30,000 hours).

PRODUCT INTEGRATIONThere are three methods to integrate quantum dots into conventional LCD BLUs: • on-chip; • on-edge;

• and on-surface. When using QD film the only other change to the LCD system that is necessary is to substitute the white LEDs with blue LEDs (nominally by using the same GaN LEDs but without the YAG phosphor). The total amount of quantum dots needed, as well as the ratio of green to red dots, depends on a number of factors. These include: • the desired colour specifications of the display, • the amount of light recycling (number and efficiency of light reflections) in the BLU• the properties of the color filters in the panel. The concentration of quantum dots, and therefore, the concentration of cadmium in QD film depend on these factors and the total thickness of the film. However, no more than 20 μg of cadmium/cm2 of screen area should be used for any application. Typically, only 3 – 5 μg of cadmium/cm2 of screen area would be used.

COMMERCIALIZATIONThe commercialization of QD-LEDs is expanding to high-volume applications. There are a large number of start-up companies and major corporations developing colloidal QD-enhanced LCD displays such as QD Vision,

Figure 3: Integrating QDs into LCD Systems (Image: 3M).

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Nanosys, LG Innotek, Samsung, Philips Lumileds Light-ing Company and Avago. Most of these are based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. In January 2013, Dow Electronic Materials entered into a global licensing agreement with Nanoco to manu-facture, market and sell CFQD™ cadmium-free quan-tum dots. A pilot launch of the first TVs using CFQD™ cadmium-free quantum dots is planned for the first half of 2014, with full commercial production expected within the following 12 months.

MANUFACTURINGThe synthesis of colloidal QDs is scalable, with the key technical challenge being to maintain monodispersity. The manufacturing cost of QD-LEDs can be broadly di-vided into the cost of raw materials and the fabrication costs of processing these materials. Because QD-LEDs and OLEDs are fabricated using a similar toolbox of thin-film processing techniques (for example, ink-jet and micro-contact printing, and thermal evaporation and sputtering), QD-LED commercialization has benefit-ted from the manufacturing infrastructure and exper-tise developed for OLED production. Aside from the QDs themselves, the materials typically employed in QD-LEDs (metals, metal oxides and organic small molecules) are also very similar to those found in OLEDs. The growth of OLED markets demonstrates that these materials costs should not be prohibitive to the

commercialization of QD-LEDs.

PRODUCT DEVELOPERS3M www.3m.comThe company has an agreement with Nanosys to produce QD films for displays. They have produced quantum dot enhancement film (http://solutions.3m.com/3MContentRetrievalAPI/BlobServlet?lmd=1383547134000&locale=en_US&assetType=MMM_Image&assetId=1361748701374&blobAttribute=ImageFile). The Asus Zenbook NX500 laptop has a 4K UHD 3M Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF) touchscreen display. Asus claims that not only does this increase resolution, but it enables an ultra-wide colour gamut of 100 per cent NTSC, 108 per cent Adobe RGB and 146 per cent sRGB.

LG DISPLAYwww.lgdisplay.com The company has agreements with QD Vision and Nano-sys to develop QD displays. They are expected to bring a QD-TV to market within the next 12 months.

NANCO GROUP PLCwww.nanocotechnologies.comThe company has an agreement with Dow Chemical for cadmium-free quantum dots in LCD displays. They have agreements with a number of other OEMs in a variety of

Figure 4: The light-blue curve represents a typical spectrum from a conventional white-LED LCD TV. With quantum dots, the spectrum is tunable to any colors of red, green, and blue, and each color is limited to a narrow band. (Courtesy SMPTE and QD Vision)

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markets. The company CFQD® quantum dot technology is expected in TVs in 2014 and in solid-state lighting applications in 2015.

NANOSYS, INC.www.nanosysinc.comQDEF™ and QuantumRail™ are composed of Nanosys’ proprietary, high efficiency quantum dot phosphors. Currently, Nanosys is focused on commercializing its quantum dot and silicon composite anode materials for the LED LCD and lithium ion battery industries and has agreements with a number of display manufacturers.

QD VISIONwww.qdvision.comThe company’s Quantum Light™ product platform was used in Sony’s 2013 Triluminos TVs. The 2014 version no longer uses the company’s QDs.

SAMSUNG www.samsung.comThe company has a number of agreements with QD manufacturers. It is anticipated that they will bring out a QD-TV in late 2014, early 2015.

SONYwww.sony.comThe company’s 2013 range of Triluminos TVs incorpo-rate QD Vision’s quantum dots. According to industry sources, the product’s high cost and use of Cadmium (Cd) impacted the product’s acceptance in the Euro-pean and U.S. market.

INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS 2013-2014January 2013 Sony demonstrates QD Vision’s quantum dots in its high-end Bravia television at the Consumer Electronics

Table 8: Quantum dots in displays: Product developers and market size

Intermediate developers • Evident Technologies• Nanoco • Nanosys, Inc.• N-N Labs • Quantum Materials Corp • QD Vision.

Product developers • LG Display• Samsung• Samsung • Sony.

Target markets size according to industry estimates

Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) Revenues for the consumer electronics (CE) industry are projected to reach a record-high of $209.6 billion in 2013

University of Sheffield Global electronics coatings and films market, in 2010 is estimated to be $3billion.

Engineer liveThe electronic displays market, in 2010 is estimated to be $100 billion. Touchscreens account for approximately 13% of this total.

Lux Research• Current market is $100 billion plus. • OLED market of nearly $11 billion in 2017.

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Show.January 2013 Dow Electronic Materials and Nanoco Group plc. an-nounce they have entered into a global licensing agree-ment for Nanoco’s cadmium-free quantum dot technol-ogy. Under the terms of the agreement, Dow Electronic Materials has exclusive worldwide rights for the sale, marketing and manufacture of Nanoco’s cadmium-free quantum dots for use in electronic displays.April 2013 QD Vision raises $20 million in financing to further expand its production capacityApril 2013 QD Vision reports achieving 18 percent External Quan-tum Efficiency, which puts QLEDs near the fundamental efficiency limit of the technology.April 2013 Nanosys expands into a new, high-capacity production facility in Milpitas, California. The 60,000 square foot facility will produce over 1,000 kilograms of quantum dots per year.

May 2013 3M announces it is in the final stages of scale-up for its new 3MTM Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF).June 2014Quantum Materials Corp. announces producing 250 kilograms of quantum dots per annum.June 2014QD Vision, Inc., announces the BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd. (BOE), China’s largest LCD panel maker, is producing prototypes of 23.6” and 27” monitors featur-ing QD Vision’s Color IQTM optics and ShineOn’s LED backlight solution.June 2014Nanosys, Inc. announces LMS Co., Ltd. as the second major supplier of optical films based on its proprietary Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF) light emitting technology. LMS, based in South Korea and one of the world’s leading producers of optical films for displays, has been qualified by Nanosys to utilize QDEF technol-ogy for its Quantum Light Accumulation Sheet (QLAS).

Figure 5: QDEF integration into a standard LCD display.

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Fullerenes

D iscovered in 1985, fuller-enes are compounds com-posed solely of an even

number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycy-clic system with 12 five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The archetypal example is the sixty-atom structure, where the atoms and bonds delineate a trun-cated icosahedron

PropertiesThe unique molecular structures of fullerenes lead to interesting pho-tonic, electronic, superconducting, magnetic and biomedical proper-ties. These include: • Superconductivity; • Heat resistance; • Physcial and chemical stability (breaking the balls requires tem-peratures of about 1000 °C); • Highest packing density of all known structures; • Impenetrability to all elements under normal circumstances, even to a helium atom with an energy of 5 eV.

MarketsFullerenes are being developed for a plethora of markets includ-ing pharmaceuticals (novel thera-peutics); anti-oxidants; imaging contrast agents; catalysts for hydro-carbon upgrading (of heavy oils, methane into higher HC, thermal stability of fuels etc.); lubricants; specialty polymers for solar cells, coatings and fiber optics; compos-ites (sports equipment, automotive, aviation and aerospace).

C60 has been applied in a num-ber of consumer products such as sports gear (badminton and tennis rackets), cosmetics and personal care products (anti-aging, eyeliner, skin creams, etc.) and lubricants (motor oil).

POSSPOSS is Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Like all silses-quioxanes, POSS has a chemical formula of (RSiO1.5)n, but unlike other silsesquioxanes, POSS has a regular, often cubic, inorganic cage structure. While fullerenes contain carbon atoms only, POSS molecules are cages of silicon and oxygen atoms, with structures that vary depending on how they are pre-pared. Additional organic chemical groups like polymers can be added to the silicon atoms to alter func-tionality, and metal atoms can be substituted for some silicon atoms to create catalysts. POSS chemical technology has two unique fea-tures (1) the chemical composition is a hybrid, intermediate (RSiO1.5) between that of silica (SiO2) and silicone (R2SiO); (2) POSS molecules are physically large with respect to polymer dimensions and nearly equivalent in size to most polymer segments and coils. Because of its chemical nature, POSS technology is easily incorporated into common plastics via copolymerization or blending and hence requires little or no alteration to existing manu-facturing processes.

ProductionBoth fullerene and POSS manu-facturers are scaling up capacity, which should lead to a drop in prices and increased applications. Several companies are developing fullerene-based solar cell technol-ogy, including Konarka, Siemens, Philips, and STMicroelectronics, but low efficiencies prevent large-scale production at present. POSS is com-mercially available in large, multi-ton scale. Smaller amounts can also be purchased from Hybrid Plastics, Gelest and Sigma-Aldrich.

ElectronicsApplications of fullerenes in elec-tronics include:• Organic photodiodes and photo-detectors• Photodiodes based on composites of fullerene derivatives and conju-gated polymers • Integrated circuits• Fullerene C60 and its derivatives are used for design of OFETs and electronic devices such as ring oscil-lators and other functional inte-grated circuits.

Product developersAmerican Dye Source, Inc.The company produces pure fullerene, fullerene derivatives, and polythiophene derivatives. Applica-tions are energy storage, conduc-tive plastics, and thermal materials, super-strong fibers, and biomedical applications. American Dye Source, Inc. offers pure and chemically modified fullerenes. www.adsdyes.

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comApNano Materials, Inc.The company produces fullerenes licensing from the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. ApNano is headquartered in New York, and its research facility is located in Nes Ziona, Israel. The company’s solid lubricants, using nanoparticles, are applied in aerospace, heavy equip-ment, metalworking and military markets. www.apnano.comBucky USAFounded in 1993, the company sells fullerenes and nanotubes. Applica-tion areas include composites, field emitters, electronic devices, gas adsorption and catalyst supports. http://buckyusa.comHonjo Chemical CorporationThe company manufactures elec-trode materials for the next genera-tion flat display’s panel by using carbon nanotubes. The company has a nanotube and fullerene mass-production plant in Japan at Neya-gawa Factory under a cooperation agreement with Mitsubishi Corp., Fullerene International Corp.(FIC) and MER Corp. www.honjo-chem.co.jp

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Germanane

G raphene has brought to the world’s attention the exceptional properties

of two-dimensional (2D) materi-als. However, graphene’s lack of an intrinsic band gap and limited ame-nability to chemical modification has resulted in increasing interest in other 2D layered nanomaterials. Germanane is a one-atom-thick sheet of hydrogenated puckered germanium atoms structurally similar to graphane. It is a 2D nano-material generated via mechanical exfoliation from GeH.

ElectronicsMonolayer 2D materials such as germanane, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), silicene, silicane, molybdenum disulfide have at-tracted enormous interest for their potential applications in batteries, solar cells, optoelectronics, sensors, catalysts, composites and thermo-electrics. Most significantly, these materials will potentially meet the future requirements for large-area, transparent and flexible electronics. In May 2013, Bianco et al. reported a unique method for generation of stable, single-layered ger-manane. The researchers synthe-sized millimeter-scale crystals of a hydrogen-terminated germanium multilayered graphane analogue (germanane, GeH) from the topo-chemical deintercalation of CaGe2.Advantages of germanane include: • a direct band gap of 1.53 eV and an electron mobility ca. five times higher than that of bulk Ge.• the

chemical surface can be modified to adjust the band gap, tempera-ture dependent stability, or other properties of the material. terned-bit-milestone-nanotechnology-pro-cess-will-double-todays-disk-drive-data-density

Figure 1: Schematic of ger-manane (credit: Goldberger et al.)

The main drawback to ger-manane is ermanane, is its behav-ior with increased temperature, which could render it ineffective for electronic materials that operate at high temperatures. This may mean that it requires cooling to be of use or can only be utilized in low power applications.

Another potential application drawback is cost as germanium is far less abundant than silicon and carbon, which could give materi-als like graphene the lead in terms of commercial viability in the next decade.

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Silicene

S ilicene is the equivalent of graphene for silicon, i.e. a monolayer of silicon in a

honeycomb structure. The success-ful formation of silicene was only reported in April 2012 by a team of researchers in Italy, Germany and France, but it could potentially usurp its carbon-based counterpart graphene as the go-to wonder ma-terial for next-generation electron-ics. Researchers expect that silicene will be relatively easy to incorporate within existing silicon-based elec-tronics.

ElectronicsSilicene has potentially useful chemical and physical properties and is predicted to feature Dirac fermions at the Fermi energy just like graphene. Research in silicone is at a very early stage but is gaining more and more attention.

Figure 2: The result of theoretical calculation of a stable silicene struc-ture on ZrB2(0001) (Image credit: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST).

ElectronicsSilicene is created by epitaxial

growth of silicon as stripes on Ag(001), ribbons on Ag(110), and sheets on Ag(111) to form a single layer of atoms. One of the downside of using graphene in electronics is that it doesn’t possess a bandgap in its electronic states. There has been progress in inducing a band gap into graphene, but this in-volves protracted methods such as bringing the graphene sheets into contact with a strongly-interacting substrate, which can sufficiently perturb the electronic properties. Silicene however exhibits a band gap even without modification and it has the advantage of inher-ent compatibility with the silicon technology infrastructure already used in manufacturing much of today’s digital electronics. The buckled hexagonal silicene lattice allows for electric field control of the band gap, contrary to the case of graphene.Another advantage is the spin-orbit coupling in silicene is much larger than in graphene, such that a 2D topological insulator state, a quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI), may be reached at relatively high temperature (10-20 K). At silicene/superconductor interfaces, the heli-cal edge modes of the QSHI are ex-pected to host Majorana fermions, which are highly sought-after in the context of topological quantum computing.

Figure 3: STM image of silicene on ZrB2 thin film (Image credit: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST).

Potential future applications of silicene range from the aforemen-tioned nanoelectronics applications to ultra-sensitive chemical sensors (electronic noses), biological and cancer markers, solar cell technol-ogy, catalysts and hydrogen storage.

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Graphdiyne

G raphdiyne is a new 2-dimensional carbon allotrope, consisting of

an sp- and sp2-hybridized car-bon network and is the subject of increasing research interest due to its promising electronic, optical, and mechanical properties that are distinct from graphene or carbon nanotubes. The interest in carbon allotropes lies in finding simple, inexpensive and readily accessible materials with novel electrical, opti-cal and magnetic properties. Graph-diyne is the first two-dimensional carbon allotrope with sp, sp2, and sp3 three hybridization states, and is predicted to be the most stable of non-natural carbon allotropes. Due to its remarkable electronic structure, graphdiyne is expected to be widely applied in the field of nanoelectronics, semiconductors, solar cells, materials and optoelec-tronics among others.

Figure 1: Graphdiyne structure.

Graphdiyne was first synthe-sized in 2010 by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The researchers grew the graphdiyne on a piece of copper foil through a cross-coupling reaction that uses hexaethynylbenzene. The copper foil functions as a catalyst for the

cross-coupling reaction and as a substrate for growing graphdiyne.2

Using this approach, the researchers produced graphdiyne films of up to 3.61 cm2 in area. Scan-ning electron microscopy showed that the films were continuous, uniform and flexible; X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy confirmed that the films were pure carbon; Raman spectroscopy revealed that the films were multilayered; and by atomic force microscopy it was found that the films exhibited excellent semiconducting proper-ties similar to silicon. The team also fabricated a test device, which has a conductivity of 2.516 × 10−4 S m1

at room temperature indicating semiconductor behaviour.

Batteries/Lithium storageThe predicted high capacity and

mobility indicate that graphdiyne may offer excellent performance as the anode of lithium batteries. The lithiation potentials (vs Li/Li+) and specific capacities in these materials are found to be enhanced consider-ably as compared to the conven-tional graphite-based electrode materials.

Hydrogen storageCompared to other known

membranes, graphdiyne can be used for means of hydrogen purification with the best balance of high selectivity and high perme-ance. Graphdiyne is atomistically porous - characterized by a regular “nanomesh”- allowing for potential applications as a separation mem-

brane for hydrogen purification. Graphdiyne provides a unique, chemically inert and mechanically stable platform facilitating selective gas separation at nominal pressures using a homogeneous material system, without a need for chemi-cal functionalization or the explicit introduction of molecular pores.

Figure 4: Schematic of graph-diyne hydrogen membrane (Source: RSC Publishing).

EnvironmentGraphdiyne nanocomposite

photocatalysts have been investi-gated for potential application in air purification and waste water treatment.

ElectronicsGraphdiyne is a semiconduc-

tor with a band gap of 0.46 eV. The calculated in-plane intrinsic electron mobility can reach the order of 105 cm2/(V s) at room temperature, while the hole mobility is about an order of magnitude lower. Graph-diyne nanowires show promise as and a novel material in electronic and photoelectric applications. Ad-ditionally, graphdiyne nanoribbons have much larger natural “holes” than graphene, thus it is easier to realize doping of various candi-dates into the “holes” to fabricate n-doping or p-doping one dimen-

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sional semiconductor.

Solar cellsIt has been demonstrated that

the doping of graphdiyne can im-prove the short circuit current (Jsc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells. A cell with 2.5 wt% graphdiyne exhibits an enhanced Jsc by 2.4 mA/cm2 and the highest PCE (3.52%), which is 56% higher than that of the cell without graphdiyne doping. The improved performance is due to high charge transport capability of graphdiyne and the formation of efficient percolation paths in the active layer.

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Graphane

F irst theorized in 2006 as a derivative of graphene, graphane (also referred to

as hydrogenated graphene) is an extended two-dimensional mate-rial consisting of a single layer of fully saturated (sp3 hybridization) carbon atoms. In 2009, a team that included the University of Man-chester researchers who discovered graphene in 2004 reported the hy-drogenation and possible synthesis of graphane by adding hydrogen atoms to graphene, turning the material into an insulator.

Figure 5: Graphane is obtained from graphene (a monolayer of car-bon atoms) by attaching hydrogen atoms (red) to each carbon atoms (blue) in the crystal (Source: Univer-sity of Manchester).

Most of the potential applica-tions and amazing properties of graphane are related with these partially hydrogenated structures and are primarily focused on electronics and hydrogen storage. Additional applications have been hypotesised in nanosensors and nanocomposites.

ElectronicsGraphane is a semiconductor

with an energy gap, obtained from hydrogenation of the two-dimen-sional graphene sheet and displays potential for use as insulation mate-rials for graphene-based electronic devices. The electronic band gap opened upon hydrogenation can be used to create channels and nanostructures of high mobility gra-phene supported by an insulating graphane matrix, allowing the sys-tem to act as a wide gap semicon-ductor with magnetic properties, high-temperature electron-photon superconductivity, giant Faraday rotation and the possible creation of quantum dots as vacancy clusters in the graphane body.

Hydrogen storage Due to the materials huge

hydrogen density, graphane has been considered as potentially important for hydrogen storage. The advantage of utilizing graphane as substrate to bind metal adatoms for storing hydrogen is the strong metal-graphane bonding. Research has shown that graphane can ad-sorb as many as four hydrogen mol-ecules per Li, Na, and K metal atom. These values correspond to 12.20, 10.33, and 8.56 wt% of hydrogen, respectively, and exceed the DOE requirements. Li-graphane complex is the most promising for hydrogen storage with the ability to adsorb three hydrogen molecules per metal atom at 300 K and pressure in the range of 5–250 atm.

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Molybdenum Disulfide

M olybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is the inorganic compound with the

formula MoS2. Single-layer MoS2 is 0.65 nm thick and is similar to gra-phene, except that it is a direct gap semiconductor, with a band gap of 1.8 eV. It has typically been used in industrial lubricant applications but it could potentially lead to new applications in high-speed logic cir-cuits- on its own or in combination with graphene. It is a semiconduc-tor with large band-gap which al-lows its use for logic devices, where a high Ion/Ioff ratio is required. Researchers at MIT, EPFL and the University of Manchester have been developing electronic circuits out of MoS2 where previously they sought to develop electronic applications for graphene.

ElectronicsGraphene has a major problem

in alternative silicon electronics application as it lacks an energy gap between its conduction and valence bands, which makes it difficult to achieve low power dissipation in the OFF state, and it therefore requires extensive modification in order to create one, whereas MoS2 naturally possesses one. Research-ers at the Univeristy of Manchester have been developing graphene heterostructure devices with nanoscale molybdenum disulfide acting as a vertical transport barrier. MoS2 has also been integrated with carbon nanotubes for application in

high performance logic circuits.The lack of a reliable large-scale

production method is viewed as an inhibiting issue at present for their practical applications. According to researchers however, the material is already widely produced as a lubri-cant and due to work in producing large sheets of the material in labs, scaling up production is likely to be easier than with other nanomateri-als.

Figure 6: Structure of 2D molyb-denum disulfide (Image: Wang et al. / MIT)

Large sheets of MoS2 have been fabricated in the Jing Kong’s group in the Department of Electrical En-gineering and Computer Science at MIT, via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Reserchers produced building blocks of electronic circuits on the sheets, as well as on MoS2 flakes produced by a mechanical method. They were able to fabricate a variety of basic electronic devices on the material: an inverter, which switches an input voltage to its op-posite; a NAND gate, a basic logic element that can be combined to carry out almost any kind of logic operation; a memory device, one of the key components of all computa-

tional devices; and a more complex circuit called a ring oscillator, made up of 12 interconnected transis-tors, which can produce a precisely tuned wave output.

Figure 7: Schematic of molyb-denum disulfide incorporated into electronic circuit (MIT)

Graphene pioneers at the University of Manchester have developed prototype devices based on graphene heterostructures with atomically thin boron nitride or molybdenum disulfide acting as a vertical transport barrier. They ex-hibit room-temperature switching ratios of ≈50 and ≈10,000, respec-tively. Such devices have potential for high-frequency operation and large-scale integration.

The Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures (LANES) at EPFL have developed a prototype microchip incorporating MoS2. They have demonstrated that sin-gle-layer MoS2 can be used to fabri-cate transistors with extremely low leakage currents (25 fA/um). The single-layer MoS2 was produced by scotch-tape peeling of naturally oc-curing molybdenite crystals.

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Figure 8: Schematic of molyb-denum disulfide microchip (EPFL).

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The integration of nanomaterials into products in the electronics sector is gathering pace. Nanomate-rials exhibit extraordinary electri-cal properties, and have a huge potential in electrical and electronic applications such as photovoltaics, sensors, semiconductor devices, displays, conductors, smart textiles and energy conversion devices (e.g., fuel cells, harvesters and batteries). Most leading semiconductors and electronics companies have R&D activities in nanotech. Lead players include General Electric, Hewlett Packard, IBM, NEC, Motorola, Sam-sung, Fujitsu Laboratories, Seagate, Kodak, Sony, Freescale, and Intel. IBM possess a raft of nanoelectron-ics patents. Application of nano-technology in integrated circuits is leading to improvements in proces-sor density and performance, ener-gy efficiency and reliability. Compa-nies such as Samsung and Nanosys are using nanocrystal memory to extend floating gate or charge trap flash memory structures.

ProductsPrintable carbon nanotube inks and graphene-based inks are hitting the market in 2014. Quantum dots displays have also been incorpo-rated into products from Amazon and Samsung. Nanocoatings have already been applied in a number of consumer electronics devices.

CollaborationThere is extensive collaboration be-tween nanomaterials producers and OEMs to bring these devices to mar-

ket. Current agreements include:• 3M and Cambrios: Flexible silver nanowire film for touch screens• Samsung and Evident Technolo-gies: Quantum dots for displays• QD Vision and Sony: Quantum dots for displays.• NUS and BASF: Graphene electron-ics applications.

Product integrationNanomaterials have the potential to greatly improve electronics products, but the timing and path to these innovative products will depend upon the adaptability of nanomaterials and its compounds to end user production processes and the ability of producers to explain the value of nanomaterials to all the industrial and manufactur-ing players in the products’ supply chain. In order for nanomaterials such as graphene to meets its poten-tial however, low cost production processes must be developed, these production processes must be both scalable and suitable for integra-tion into existing manufacturing processes and regulations, and the challenges of integrating nanoma-terials into products must be met. Great strides have been made meet-ing all these goals over the last few years as a broad range of players have pushed ahead simultaneously on many different fronts. The lead-ing incumbent companies in elec-tronics are evaluating the feasibility of incorporating nano compounds into their products. With graphene especially, many producers are fo-

cused on electronic, electro-optical and semiconductor type applica-tions.

Producers, application develop-ers and OEMS

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3DXTech

DESCRIPTION3DXTech manufactures high-quality 3D Printing products. The company is a division of Global Polymer Group.

PRODUCTS3DXTech is selling carbon nanotube (CNT) composite filament for application in the automotive and semiconductor industries, mainly for ESD protection.

ADDRESS3DX Tech889 76th St SW, Suite 1Byron Center, MI 49315USATel: +1 616-717-3811

WEBhttp://3dxtech.com

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Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.STATUSApplication developer

DESCRIPTIONAdvanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) develops microprocessors, motherboard chipsets, embedded processors and graphics processors for servers, workstations and personal computers, and embedded systems applications. AMD is researching graphene for applications in nanostructured 3-D electronic devices and holds a patent in this area.

PRODUCTSAMD is researching graphene for applications in nanostructured 3-D electronic devices and holds a pat-ent in this area.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics

ADDRESSAdvanced Micro Devices, Inc. One AMD Place P.O. Box 3453SunnyvaleCA 94088-3453USAT: +1 408-749-4000

WEBwww.amd.com

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AdvEn Solutions, Inc.DESCRIPTIONSpin-out from the University of Alberta.

PRODUCTSThe company are developing carbon nanotube array (CNTA) paper cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. The company plans to produce three types of batteries based on fluorinated carbon nanotube architecture. Type 1: high power output and long-life cycleType 2: provide high energy and quick charging rates Type 3: super-high energy storage capacity.

ADDRESSAdvEn Solutions3231 Tredger Close,Edmonton, Alberta,Canada T6R 3T6Tel: +1-780-708-7342

WEBhttp://adven-solutions.com

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Advance NanoPower, Inc.DESCRIPTIONAdvance NanoPower Inc. was established in 2004. ANP commenced with the acquisition of Century Zinctec Energy Inc.; obtaining patents, equipments and related products for Zinc Air Battery and Carbon Nanotube (CNT) technologies.

PRODUCTSThe company produce: • High purity (over 97%) Carbon Nanotube research• Special purpose Carbon Nanocapsule, Nanohorn research• Carbon Nanotube in increasing battery efficiencies and applications• Electromagnetic shield Carbon Nanotube composite materials research• Carbon Nanotube application in supercapacitor• Carbon Nanotube in solar battery application• High efficient field emission CNT paste

ADDRESSAdvance NanoPower, Inc.114 8F., 12. Alley 30, Lane 358Juei-Guan Rd, Nei-Hu DistTaipeiTaiwanT: +886 287512618

WEBwww.anp.com

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Ad-Nano TechnologiesSTATUSProducers.

DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of graphene and carbon nanotubes.

PRODUCTS• ADG-OH /OH Graphene• ADG-COOH/ COOH-Graphene• ADG-NH2/ NH2-Graphene• AD-GO/ Graphene Oxide2• ADG-PET/ PET-Graphene Transparent Conductive Film• ADG-MB/ Graphene-polymer Nanocomposites Masterbatch• ADG-H2O/ Dispersion of Graphene in water• ADG-IP/Dispersion of Graphene in IPA• Dispersion of Graphene in Organic Solvents.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Composites.

ADDRESS30, Allman Keri, 2nd CrossLashkarMOhalla, ShimogaKarnataka, India Pin-577202Phone: +91-(0)8182-402640

WEBwww.ad-nanotech.com

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American Graphite TechnologiesSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONAmerican Graphite Technologies Inc is focused on developing North American graphite mining opportu-nities along with the commercialization of graphene specific proprietary technology methods

PRODUCTSAmerican Graphite Technologies Inc is producing graphene paper with it’s manufacturing partner CTI Nanotechnologies LLC.

TARGET MARKETS• Computer and television displays• Electrical shielding• Reinforcing Material for manufacturing cars, boats, airplanes and machinery• Lightning Strike Dissipation• Heat Dissipation• Protection against electromagnetic pulses (EMP)• Armor plating• Reinforcement of plastics and polymers• Electrodes for batteries, fuel cells, solar cells and capacitors• Thermal heatsinks for electronic and computer equipment• Artificial limbs.

ADDRESS3651 Lindell Rd. Ste D#322 Las VegasNV 89103USAT: +1-855-818-0066

WEBhttp://americangraphitetechnologies.com

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AMO GmbHSTATUSApplications developer.

DESCRIPTIONAMO is working on Graphene within a BMBF supported NanoFutur project ALEGRA as well as in a Europe-an research project called GRAND (Graphene-based Nanoelectronic Devices) in cooperation with leading European academic and industrial partners and is coordinating several German and European projects in the field of nano-manufacturing and nano-electronics.

PRODUCTSAMO has experience with graphene devices in conjunction with its experimental CMOS technology for nano-scale devices and novel materials, its advanced high-resolution e-beam lithography (Leica EBPG5000) with direct write capabilities below 10 nm and its UV-Nanoimprint lithography for fast cycle nanoscale research.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics.

ADDRESSAMO GmbHOtto-Blumenthal-Straße 25(formerly: Huyskensweg 25)52074 AachenGermanyT: +49 241 8867200

WEBwww.amo.de

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Aneeve Nanotechnologies LLCSTATUSApplications developer.

DESCRIPTIONAneeve Nanotechnologies is a startup company spun-out of UCLA and currently in the California Nano-Systems Institute (CNSI). Aneeve’s mission is to develop low cost low-power-consuming nanotechnology-based electronics for wireless and mobile device applications.

PRODUCTSAneeve has developed a fully printed high mobility and high yield backplane printing technology le-veraging the superior transport properties of semiconducting carbon nanotubes that go beyond state-of-the-art LTPS, a-Si and oxide semiconductor backplane options. The company has demonstrated high throughput CNT patterning on plastic towards roll-to-roll CNT patterning for large scale TFT display ap-plications. This was achieved with room temperature and non-vacuum processing methods. This demon-stration couples with Aneeve’s demonstration of printing fully transparent TFT devices.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics.

ADDRESSAneeve Nanotechnologies LLCUCLA California NanoSystems Institute570 Westwood Plaza, Suite 6532Building 114, MC 722710Los Angeles, CA 90095-7277USAT: +1 (310) 874 3024

WEBhttp://aneeve.com

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Angstron Materials LLCSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONThe company develops nanoscaled graphene plates or platelets (NGPs) and NGP nanocomposites. Ang-stron’s 22,000 square foot manufacturing facility gives it the capability to produce tons of pristine and oxidized NGP material annually. Angstron is also able to provide small to large batch processing.

PRODUCTSAngstron produces nanoscaled graphene plates or platelets (NGPs), NGP dispersions, and NGP nanocom-posites. The nano platelets are typically in the range of 0.34-100 nanometers in thickness and 1-20 µm in length (width), leading to an exceptionally high aspect ratio (up to > 10,000). Ångstron can modify the nano platelet surface to manipulate electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, magnetic, chemical and other properties, while precisely controlling the platelet dimensions and other physical parameters. Products are available as nano platelets, surface-treated nano platelets, stable dispersions in aqueous or organic media, nanocomposites, and other readily usable forms.

TARGET MARKETSApplications under development include batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, lightweight structural components as well as electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio frequency interference (RFI), electro-static discharge (ESD), lightning strike and other functional and structural composite applications. End user markets are in aerospace, automotive, energy, marine, construction, electronics, medical, military and telecommunications markets.

ADDRESSAngstron Materials LLC1240 McCook Ave.DaytonUSAT: +1 9376727100

WEBwww.angstronmaterials.com

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Applied Graphene Materials plcSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a spinout from Durham University, incorporated in 2010. They have a patent for a new method of creating graphene in a reactor using chemical vapour deposition. Applied Graphene Materials has developed a proprietary “bottom up” process for the production of high specification graphene.

PRODUCTSThe company offers Graphene powder, including Graphene dispersions; and graphene films.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronic components• Energy-storage materials, such as capacitors and batteries, and optically transparent thin films• Advanced polymer nanocomposites to replace carbon fiber.

ADDRESSApplied Graphene Materials plcThe Wilton Centre, RedcarCleveland TS10 4RFUKT: +44 (0) 1642 438214

WEBwww.appliedgraphenematerials. com

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Applied Nanotech, Inc. DESCRIPTIONThe company was formerly known as Nano-Proprietary, Inc. Main focus is on applications of carbon nano-tubes and related technologies.

PRODUCTSCNT Composites• CNT Epoxy: The company is reinforcing epoxy with CNTs to take advantage of their mechanical proper-ties while reducing the weight of materials needed for a specified application. • CNT Nylons: The addition of CNTs to nylons can enhance certain mechanical properties and the electri-cally conductivity of this normally insulating material. In researching mechanical improvements, the com-pany achieved improvements of tensile strength by 24%, flexural modulus by 48% and impact strength by 4% over neat nylon 6. • CNT Glass Fiber: CNT enhanced composites to develop a strengthened fiberglass that can be used for wind turbine blades and other applications with long lifetime requirements.

CNT Electron Emission• ANI has developed electron and ion sources for industrial and medical sensing and monitoring. Other applications have been on large area display applications (CNT Field Emission Displays, CNT-FEDs). Dis-play applications include large area CNT flat screen color field emission displays, large area surface con-duction color field emission displays, backlights for displays and PETS for medium resolution large area electronic billboards. Non-display applications include traveling wave tubes, non-radioactive sources, neutron and gamma-ray sources and lighting devices.

Enzyme coated Carbon Nanotube SensorANI has developed an Enzyme coated Carbon Nanotubes (ECNT) as a miniaturized enzymatic biosensor for medical, environmental and chemical analysis. Sensor applications include hydrogen sensors, carbon monoxide sensors and biosensors.

The company is also working with a sporting goods manufacturer to develop improved polymeric nano-composites for and to improve the existing base material used by the sporting goods manufacturer.

ADDRESSApplied Nanotech, Inc.3006 Longhorn Blvd.Suite 107AustinTX 78758USAT: +1 5123395020

WEBwww.appliednanotech.net

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Blue NanoCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONBlue Nano is a provider of noble metal nanowires, nanoparticles and nanoporous materials for applica-tions ranging from touch screens to fuel cells.

PRODUCTSBlue Nano is a manufacturer of silver nanowires for uses ranging from energy, automotive, printed elec-tronics, Displays, chemical, materials and medical. In particular, they have placed an emphasis on cutting-edge clean energy products for solar cells, lithium ion batteries and a variety of chemical and fuel cell catalysts.

ADDRESSBlue Nano, International17325 Connor Quay CourtCornelius, NC, 28031, USAT: (+01) 980-225-1657

WEBwww. bluenanoinc.com

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BNNT, LLC COMPANY DESCRIPTIONBNNT, LLC is a startup company for the manufacture of Fibril Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNT) and Fibril BxCyNz.

PRODUCTSThe company licence a method for synthesizing Fibril Boron Nitride Nanotubes from NASA. Fibril Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNT) and Fibril BxCyNz are finding application in:• Ultra lightweight aerospace structures: polymer and metal matrix composites with unprecedented strength, even at high temperatures• Membranes, filters and catalyst: energy enhancements from filtering salt water to high temperature filters and thermal conductors• Cancer therapy• Sports equipment

Key Fibril BNNT properties include:• Strength equal to Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)• Actually fibril, i.e. few wall very long tubes (this has net yet been achieved for CNT in any quantity and may never be achieved)• Maintain strength to over 800°C (more likely 1,000°C); CNT start losing strength at 400°C• Thermally very conductive• Electrically an insulator• White/clear• Functionizable• Possibly no cytotoxic effects

ADDRESSBNNT LLCPO Box 1698Newport NewsVA 23601USA

WEBwww.bnnt.com

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Buckeye CompositesCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONBuckeye Composites is a new division of NanoTechLabs (NTL), a producer of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.

PRODUCTSBuckeye Composites’ carbon nanomembrane, or “buckypaper,” is a thin, paper-like membrane of carbon nanotubes, nanofiber, nanoplatelets and/or other carbon nanomaterial. Buckypaper can be comprised of 100% carbon nanomaterial or can be pre-impregnated or “pre-pregged” with resin. Thickness and areal weight can be tailored to meet end-user requirements.

ADDRESSBuckeye Composites2000 Composite DriveKetteringOH 45420USAT: +19372979518

WEBwww.buckeyecomposites.com

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C3 Nano, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2010, as a spinout from Professor Zhenan Bao’s chemical engineering laboratory at Stanford University, C3Nano has developed solution-coated, transparent, conductive materials that compete directly with indium tin oxide (ITO).

PRODUCTSThe company won the 2010 MIT Clean Energy Prize, and the 2010 NASA Game Changer Technology Award. It has now raised more than $10 million in support of its development of printable conductive inks and transparent conducting materials potentially suitable for use in flexible and stretchable elec-tronics in the display, touch panel, smart-phone, tablet and thin film solar industries.

ADDRESSC3Nano Inc.26225 Eden Landing Rd.Suite C, Hayward, CA, 94545USAT: +1-800-558-0459

WEBhttp://c3nano.com

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Cabot CorporationSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCabot Corporation is a global specialty chemicals and performance materials company, headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The company is a leading provider of rubber and specialty carbons, activated carbon, inkjet colorants, cesium formate drilling fluids, fumed silica, aerogel and elastomer composites.

PRODUCTSCabot Corp. launched in 2013 LITX™ G700, a graphene-based additive for high energy density lithium-ion battery applications. The LITX G700 conductive additive is a graphene-based additive designed for use in electric vehicle and high-end consumer electronics in which better driving range and longer run times are critical performance features. This new additive is designed to deliver the conductivity needed to achieve very high energy densities in lithium-ion batteries at ultra-low loadings in comparison to conventional additives. Less loading or volume allocated to conductive additives enables more volume to be available for energy storage materials. As a result, the LITX G700 graphene-based additive delivers step change performance in conductivity at ultra-low loadings and is easily incorporated into battery electrodes.

TARGET MARKETS• Energy storage materials.

ADDRESSCabot Corporation2 Seaport Lane, Suite 1300Boston, MA 02210USAT: +1 (617) 342-6090

WEBwww.cabotcorp.com

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California Lithium Battery, Inc. STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCalifornia Lithium Battery (“CALBattery”) is a start-up California company established in 2011 to develop and manufacture a breakthrough high energy density and long cycle life lithium battery for utility energy storage, transportation, and defense industries. The company is a joint venture between California-based Ionex Energy Storage Systems and CALiB Power.

PRODUCTSThe company produces a GEN3 silicon graphene composite anode material for lithium ion batteries. US production of this advanced Very Large Format (400Ah+) si-graphene LI-ion battery is scheduled to start in California in 2014. Plans are to produce the initial batteries for CALBattery JV partner Ionex Energy Storage Systems for use in 1-100MW grid scale energy storage applications essential for wide-scale re-newable energy integration in California and throughout the world. In February 2013, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory and CalBattery signed a licensing agreement for an Argonne-developed, silicon-graphene composite anode material for high-energy lithium batteries.

TARGET MARKETS• Portable electronics, grid energy storage systems and electric vehicle (EV) applications.

ADDRESSCalifornia Lithium BatteryLos Angeles Cleantech Incubator411 So. Hewitt St.Los Angeles, CA 90013USAT: +1 5622431800

WEBwww.clbattery.com

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Cambrios Technologies Corp.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s proprietary nanostructured materials can be deposited using existing production equip-ment to achieve enhanced performance of display devices and components at lower manufacturing cost.

PRODUCTSThe company’s first product is ClearOhmTM coating material that produces a transparent, conductive film by wet processing. ClearOhmTM films have improved proper- ties by comparison to currently used materials such as indium tin oxide and other transparent conductive oxides.

ADDRESSCambrios Technologies Corporation930 East Arques Ave.Sunnyvale, CA 94085USAT: +1-408-738-7400

WEBwww.cambrios.com

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CAN GmbH COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCAN GmbH was founded in November 2005 as a joint venture by the Free and Hansestadt Hamburg (24.8%), the University of Hamburg (10%) and well-known industrial enterprises (65.2%) which have com-bined to form a sponsor association.

PRODUCTSThe company produce CANdots® for various applications. Inorganic Nanoparticles • Nanoparticles consists of an inorganic core (metal, semiconductor, insulator, magnetic) • Particle synthesis in colloidal solution (2-150 nm) • In a 5 nm particle ~ 20% of the atoms are at the surface! • (Post-synthetic) surface modification allows various applications

Sales are approximately 1.5 million Euros per annum. A full list of their products is available at http://www.can-hamburg.com/english/menu/products/candots-series-a.html.

ADDRESSCenter for Applied Nanotechnology (CAN) GmbH Grindelallee 117 D-20146 Hamburg Germany Tel: +49 - 40 42 83 83 983

WEBwww.can-hamburg.com/english/home.html

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Canatu OyCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONCanatu Oy produces carbon nanotubes and a novel NanoBud™ nanomaterial. Carbon NanoBuds™.

PRODUCTSCarbon NanoBuds™ are utilized as electron field emitters. They display excellent conductive properties with wide ranging mechanical, electrical and optical applications. Fullerene molecules are attached to the outside surface of carbon nanotubes. Canatu is developing industrial scale production methods for high purity carbon NanoBuds™ tailored for specific industrial applications, including: • Flexible transparent electrodes in touch sensors, solar cells and displays field emission films in displays (main potential market)• Charge storage layers in supercapacitors• Saturable absorbers in pulsed lasers• Electron-hole generators in solar cells• Semiconductor films in field effects transistors.

Carbon NanotubesCanatu is developing industrial scale production methods for carbon nanotube films tailored for specific industrial applications. The nanotube films can be customized to contain specified features, including various patterns, purities, chemical functionality, electrical conductivity, transparency and other applica-tion driven properties.

ADDRESSCanatu OyTekniikantie 2102150 Espoo FinlandT: + 358 503444204

WEBwww.canatu.com

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Carestream Advanced MaterialsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s is a subsidiary of Carestream Health Inc.

PRODUCTSCarestream FLEXX Transparent Conductive Films use silver nanowire technology and roll-to-roll process to provide a more flexible, durable and affordable alterna- tive to ITO films. The silver nanowires in our FLEXX films compare favorably to ITO’s consistent conductivity and optical quality, while offering higher light transmission, greater flexibility and bendability, longer durability, and improved cost effectiveness — all with proven environmental stability. Carestream Advanced Materials is targeting touch panels, OLED lighting and displays, flexible displays, printed electronics and photovoltaics with its products.

ADDRESSCarestream Health Inc150 Verona Street Rochester, NY 14608FLEXX@carestream.com

WEBwww.carestream.com/specials/adv-materials

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Catalytic Materials LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces high purity multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibers for the elec-trically conductive/antistatic polymer market.

PRODUCTSMulti-walled Carbon NanotubesThe company produce ultra-high purity product (>99.5 %) MWNTs containing no nanoparticles or other common impurities. MWNT having average widths of 10 nm can be dispersed in a variety of solvents.

Platelet Graphite NanofibersStructures consisting of graphene sheets oriented perpendicular to the fiber growth axis in a configura-tion identical to that of a “stack of cards”. These conformations expose only edges and possess unique properties.

Carbon Nanochips Carbon Nanochips are newly developed products that consist of rolled sheets of graphite resulting in structures that resemble flattened nanotubes containing up to 6-8 layers. The distance between the inner layers can be a small as 0.34 nm, a value that is significantly narrower than of SWNT.

ADDRESSCatalytic Materials LLC325 Heartland DrivePittsboroNC 27312 USAT: +1 9199187638

WEBwww.catalyticmaterials.com

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Catalyx Nanotech, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCatalyx Nanotech, Inc., founded in 2007, manufactures Platelet Graphite Nanofibers (PGNF). The company is a spin off from the technology incubator, Catalyx, Inc., and was formed with the vision of using renew-able resources to produce high quality nanomaterials.

PRODUCTSBy utilizing cost-effective and patented catalysis technologies, Catalyx Nanotech is able to produce its unique Platelet Graphite Nanofibers from methane, which is produced naturally from decaying organic material in garbage at landfills. Applications of the platelet carbon nanofibers are as catalyst supports, electrodes for Li ion batteries, wastewater treatment media and gas separation media.

ADDRESSCatalyx Nanotech, Inc.1200 N.Van Buren Suite A AnaheimCA 92807 USAT: +1 7146302124

WEBwww.catalyxnano.com

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CheapTubes, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCheapTubes, Inc. was founded in 2005. CheapTubes provides low cost nano carbon materials by having in-house capability of quality control (QC) with its own characterization facilities.

PRODUCTSCheap Tubes’ CNTs can be used for a wide variety of research and commercial applications, including manufacture of CNT-polymeric, plastics, and other composite materials. Industrial grade MWNTs up to >95% purity is available in metric ton quantities (one million grams) for $0.25 per gram. Other, 90% industrial grade MWNTs can be purchased in metric ton quantities for $0.18 per gram. Metric ton quantities have a 90-day lead-time. Cheap Tubes can also provide SWNTs, OH or COOH functionalized CNTs, & Short CNTs in purified, OH, or COOH functional content. Applications development activities include the development of conductive nanotubes composite, graphitization and functionalization of CNTs, conductive ink, and single layer graphene film for trans-parent conductive film for ITO replacement. Customers include NASA, DuPont (for development of ITO replacement with thin wall CNT), Delphi and 3M. CheapTubes also works together with its partners on nano carbon materials application development, focusing on Lithium (Li) ion batteries for Electric Vehicles (EV). It is achieved by mixing 50-80nm diameter CNTs with grain electrode (carbon black) conductive additives, to minimize the entanglement of CNTs. This composite can then be dispersed easily in Li-ion battery electrode materials and there exists syner-getic effect between the CNT and grain electrode materials. As a result, the tap density of battery elec-trode coatings increases by 10%, and discharge capacity and cycle life of the battery can be improved. The addition of the CNTs allows the electrodes to expand and contract with charging/discharging cycles without becoming brittle or breaking.

ADDRESSCheaptubes, Inc. 112 Mercury DriveBrattleboroVT 05301 USAT: +1 8022546969

WEBwww.cheaptubesinc.com

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Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) spinout.

PRODUCTSThe company produce large volume and low price quantities of the following: • SWCNTs• DWCNTs• MWCNTs • Industrial MWCNTs

These are incorporated into the following: CNTs-based dispersionsTimesdisper series contains CNTs aqueous dispersion (TNWDM) and CNTs organic solvent dispersion (TNADM, TNKDM & TNEDM). It is developed for solving the difficulty of CNTs dispersing in solvent or wa-ter. By selecting high conductive CNTs and suited dispersants, TimesdisperTM series dispersion is stable and monodispersed. Timesdisper series is incorporated into aqueous and organic solvent systems for antistatic coatings, polymer composites, lubricant, transparent conductive films, field electron emission electrode and other applications.

CNTs-based conductive additivesTimescond series is a composite composed of high electric conductive CNTs and carbon black. The grain particles carbon black can not only prevent dispersed CNTs from reagglomerating, but also exhibit syn-ergetic effect with CNTs in Li-ion batteries. TNCC is easy to disperse in Li-ion battery electrode, and the CNTs network ensures the Li-ion battery has the best cycle performance.

ADDRESSChengdu Organic Chemicals Co., Ltd.No.16, South section 2, the first Circle road Chengdu, 610041 ChinaT: +86 2885236765

WEBwww.timesnano.com

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Cima NanotechCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONCima NanoTech manufactures nanomaterial-based products for use in electronics applications.

PRODUCTSThe company has developed conductive coatings by suspending silver nanowires in a solution. SANTETM is a custom formulated silver nanoparticle emulsion that is applied via a low-cost and clean wet coating process. SANTETM self-assembles into a transparent conductive network with very high electrical con-ductivity, high transparency and flexibility, thus enabling increased performance and new applications in electronics. It is used for applications like electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, touch screens, transparent heating,photovoltaic, OLED lighting, LED lighting and flexible electronics. With its simpler, faster and more cost-effective deposition process, SANTETM is poised to be the next-generation coating technology.

ADDRESSCima NanoTech Inc.1000 Westgate DriveSuite 100St. Paul, Minnesota 55114USAT: +1 (651) 646-6266

WEBwww.cimananotech.com

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CNano Technology LimitedCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONCNano Technology produces carbon nanotubes in a continuous mode with tonnage capacity in commer-cial chemical reactor.

PRODUCTSThe carbon nanotube products are in the form of agglomerates of up to a few hundreds of micrometers. These agglomerates, upon designated processes, can be dispersed into a variety of matrix including liquid, polymer, metal, ceramics, etc. FloTube 9000: Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT)• Available in wide range of quantities up to 500 tons • Purity: > 95%• Length: up to 10 μm• Diameter: 11 nm (average)• Application: high performance electrostatic dissipative plastics where low electrical percolation thresh-old is desired in order to maintain the plastics intrinsic physical properties• Key markets are Electronics, Automotive, Energy and Structural Composites

FloTube 7000: Vertically aligned CNT• Powdered product• Length: from 8 to 15 μm• Diameter: 6-8 nm FloTube 2000: Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT)• Powdered product (raw or purified)• Kg quantity• Length: 1-20 μm• Diameter: 2-4 nm

ADDRESSCNano Technology Limited3333 Bowers Ave., Suite 130Santa ClaraCA 95054USAT: +1 4088260918

WEBwww.cnanotechnology.com

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CNTouchCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a subsidiary of Foxconn Electronics (Hon Hai Precision Industry.

PRODUCTSThe company produces nanotube-based touch panels for entry-level and mid-range smartphones. CNTouch’s Tianjin production lines are able to produce three million 4-inch panels per month and its pro-duction lines in Guiyang are currently able to deliver about three million 5-inch panels per month.

WEBwww.cntouch.com

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Contour Energy Systems, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONContour Energy Systems, Inc. engages in the development, manufacture, and commercialization of pri-mary and rechargeable battery systems.

PRODUCTSThe company has signed a technology licensing agreement with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for a carbon nanotube technology that can improve the power capability of lithium-ion (Li-ion) bat-teries.

ADDRESSContour Energy Systems, Inc1300 W Optical Dr, Irwindale, CA 91702, United StatesTel: +1 626-610-0660

WEBwww.contourenergy.com

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CrayoNanoSTATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCrayoNano was spun-off from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).

PRODUCTSThe company are commercializing a new technology to grow gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires on gra-phene using molecular beam epitaxy. The new hybrid electrode material offers excellent optoelectronic properties.

TARGET MARKETS• Photovoltaics• Light emitting diodes (LED)• Thermoelectrics• Piezoelectrics.

ADDRESSCrayoNano AS Otto Nielsens vei 12 NO-7052 Trondheim Norway T: (+47) 40 22 65 51

WEBhttp://crayonano.com

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Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONDainippon Screen Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was established in 1943. The company’s principal activity is the design, manufacture and distribution of desktop publishing (DTP), press equipment and systems for the graphic arts industry.

PRODUCTSThe company possesses a number of patents for carbon nanotubes for conductors and field emission devices.

ADDRESSDainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.Tenjinkita-cho 1-1, Teranouchi-agaru 4-chome, Horikawa-dori, Kamigyo-ku,Kyoto 602-8585, JAPAN Tel: +81 75 414 7111

WEBwww.screen.co.jp/index.html

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Dow Chemical CompanyDESCRIPTIONDow Electronic Materials, a global supplier of materials and technologies to the electronics industry, brings innovative leadership to the semiconductor, interconnect, finishing, photovoltaic, display, LED and optics markets. From advanced technology centers worldwide, teams of talented Dow research scientists and application experts work closely with customers, providing solutions, products and technical service necessary for next-generation electronics.

PRODUCTSDow Electronic Materials, a business unit of The Dow Chemical Company and Nanoco Group plc global have a licensing agreement for Nanoco’s cadmium-free quantum dot technology. Under the terms of the agreement, Dow Electronic Material have exclusive worldwide rights for the sale, marketing and manufacture of Nanoco’s cadmium-free quantum dots for use in electronic displays. Dow intends to build production capacity in Asia where it has extensive manufacturing capabilities to supply high-per-formance materials to its customers in the display and semiconductor-related segments. Full commercial production is expected to begin in the first half of 2014. Dow revenues were $2.1bn in 2013 for electronic materials in 2013, and is market leader in OLED (organic light-emitting diodes) emitters.

ADDRESSDow Electronic Materials451 Bellevue Rd, Newark, DE 19713, United StatesTel: +1 800-258-2436

WEBwww.dowelectronicmaterials.com

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Eikos, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 1996, Eikos, Inc. is developing transparent, electrically conductive carbon nanotube films and nanotube inks for transparent conductive coatings. Eikos has branded its technology as Invisicon.

PRODUCTSEikos is aiming to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) and conducting polymers with carbon nanotube trans-parent conductors in several common electronic devices, such as touch screens, LCDs, OLEDs, photovol-taics, electroluminescent lamps, electronic paper.InvisiconThis product is a transparent conductive coating technology for application in displays, photovoltaic cells, lighting, energy storage, and flexible electronics. Invisicon® is suitable as a replacement for ITO (in-dium tin oxide) and conducting polymers and exhibits characteristics such as durability, index matching, and anti-reflective properties.

NanoshieldThis product is designed for EMI shielding applications. Eikos employs proprietary water-based inks to make nanotube coatings. These inks take advantage of the colloidal nature of the carbon nanotubes to form dispersions with long shelf life and predictable handling.

ADDRESSEikos, Inc. 2 Master DriveFranklinMA 02038 USAT: +1 5085280300

WEBwww.eikos.com

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EverSpin Technologies, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONEverSpin Technologies was spun off from Freescale Semiconductor in 2008 to provide magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) chips.

PRODUCTSEverspin MRAM is a memory that uses the magnetism of electron spin to provide non-volatility without wear- out. Everspin MRAM stores information in magnetic material integrated with silicon circuitry to de-liver the speed of SRAM with the non-volatility of Flash in a single unlimited-endurance device. Everspin MRAM devices are designed to combine the best features of non-volatile memory and RAM to enable “instant-on” capability and power loss protection for an increasing number of electronic systems.

ADDRESSEverSpin Technologies, Inc.1347 N. Alma School Rd., Ste. 220Chandler, AZ 85224USAT: +1-480-347-111

WEBhttp://everspin.com

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Evident TechnologiesCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONEvident Technologies produces quantum dots for various markets including life sciences, solid state light-ing, energy, security, telecommunications and emergent nanotechnology markets.

PRODUCTSEvident’s proprietary EviDots™ are high performance semiconductor nanocrystals active throughout the visible spectrum and into the near–infrared. The company’s technology is licensed by Samsung for LED production.

ADDRESSEvident Technologies65 First StreetTroy, New York 12180USATel: +1 518.273.6266

WEBwww.evidenttech.com

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Fujitsu Laboratories STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFujitsu is a computing and communications products and advanced microelectronics company. Fujitsu Laboratories was founded in 1968 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu Limited, and conducts a wide range of basic and applied research in the areas of Multimedia, Personal Systems, Networks, Peripherals, Advanced Materials and Electronic Devices.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing various applications of nano-carbon materials-such as carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, CNT interconnects, and CNT-graphene composites-for semiconductor electronics. The company has combined carbon nanotubes and graphene to self-form a new nanoscale carbon com-posite, at the relatively low temperature of 510 degrees Celsius.

TARGET MARKETS• Energy• Semiconductors and electronics.

ADDRESSFujitsu Laboratories4-1-1 KamikodanakaNakahara-kuKawasaki-shiKanagawa 211-8588Japan

WEBhttp://jp.fujitsu.com/group/labs/en

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FutureCarbon GmbHCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFutureCarbon was founded in 2002 as a subsidiary of FutureCamp GmbH. The company develops and produces carbon nanomaterials (tubes and fibers) as well as graphite specialties. The company synthesiz-es and refines carbon materials for specific applications, and manufactures them in industrial quantities.

PRODUCTSCarbon Nanotube Platelets (CNF-PL)• BET-surface: ~ 120 m2• Diameter: 200-600nm• Purity: > 95 %• Applications: Improved electrical conductivity, wetability, improved rheological and tribological proper-ties, catalyst support, composite technology

Herringbones (CNF-HB)• BET-surface: ~ 60 m2• Diameter: 300nm• Purity: > 98 %• Applications: In elastic foams, composite materials, dielectric materials, batteries, fleeces and papers for better mechanical strength, enhanced rheological and tribologic properties

Multiwalled NanoTubes• BET-surface: ~ 200 m2• Diameter: 15 nm• Purity: > 98 %• Applications: Composite materials: better electrical and thermal conductivity, enhanced rheologic and tribologic properties. Composites: polymers, resins, glass, ceramics, etc.; soil-resisting and hydrophobous surfaces, catalyst support, 2D- and 3D-networks, gas adsorption.

ADDRESSFutureCarbon GmbHGottlieb-Keim-Straße 60 95448 BayreuthGermanyT: +49 9215073880

WEBwww.future-carbon.de

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GlonatechCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONGlobal Nanotechnologies S.A. (Glonatech) is a member of the ONEX Group, established in October 2009 in Athens.

PRODUCTSIndustrial CNTs manufacturer (ultra-high purity MWCNTs, functionalized CNTs, buckypapers) used in aero-space, aviation, wire & cable, marine & electronics.

ADDRESSGlonatech S.A.87, Kon.Palaiologou Str., Chalandri, 15232Athens, HellasGreeceT: +302106083465

WEBwww.glonatech.com

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GrafentekCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2013, GRAFENTEK is a research based nanotechnology company which is set up under Yildiz Technical University Teknopark a.s. GRAFENTEK progress on the development of the energy storage sys-tems. PRODUCTSThe company synthesizes graphene, carbon nanotube and metalic nano particle by using the Arc-Dis-charge and CVD procedure.

ADDRESSYıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, B-Blok Konstrüksiyon LaboratuarıBeşiktaş – İstanbulTurkeyTel: +90 554 518 55 84

WEBhttp://grafentek.com

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GRAnPH NanotecSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is an alliance of Grupo Antolin Ingenieria and the University of Alicante.

PRODUCTSThe company produces grapheme oxide from Helical Ribbon Carbon Nanofibers via a patented method.

TARGET MARKETS• Solar cells and touch panels: graphene offers advantages over ITO, like higher chemical stability and flexibility• Batteries: increasing the effectiveness of Lithium-ion batteries• Supercapacitors• High frequency devices• Nanocomposites and structural materials• Coatings• Chemical sensors and drug delivery.

ADDRESSGRAnPH NanotecCtra. Madrid-Irún km. 244,8BurgosE09007 SpainT: +34947477700

WEBwww.graftech.com

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Graphenano s.l.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphenenano is a Spanish company who commercializes graphene products and nanofibers with a new production method, all at large-scale production.

PRODUCTSProducts include graphene sheets, graphene wires, graphene powder, graphene oxide, graphene in 3D, carbon nanofiber.

TARGET MARKETS• Solar cells and touch panels• Batteries: increasing the effectiveness of Lithium-ion batteries• Transistors• Supercapacitors.

ADDRESSGraphenano s.l.Pablo Casal, 1330510 YECLASpainT: +34 605371257

WEBwww.graphenano.com

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Graphene Devices, Ltd.STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Devices uses processes that UB chemist Sarbajit Banerjee, an assistant professor, developed with graduate students Vincent Lee, Luisa Whittaker, Robert Dennis and Brian Schultz. In exchange for eq-uity in the business, the university licensed to Graphene Devices the production processes Banerjee de-veloped. One patent is pending on the technology, and an application for a second patent is in process.

PRODUCTSGDL has invented and created intellectual property for a variety of its own graphene technologies called GRIDS™ (Graphene Intermediate Dispersion System). GDL is focused on the development of low cost manufacturing methods for graphene dispersions and its surface functionalization. The technology goal of GDL is to optimize the suspension and dispersion of its proprietary graphene in various liquids for ease of incorporation into a variety of materials and composites. Development of graphene inks, polymers, and energy storage device components have been underway since GDL’s inception.These efforts have been supported by the UB CAT, NY State, and Federal funding.

TARGET MARKETS• Aerospace• Coatings• Composites• Energy• Military

ADDRESSCon tact info@graphenedev.com

WEBhttp://graphenedev.com

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Graphene Energy, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Energy, Inc. was founded in 2008. The technology is licensed from The University of Texas at Austin and The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia.

PRODUCTSThe company is seeking to commercialize chemically modified graphene (CMG) ultra-capacitors for en-ergy storage based on graphene for electrode materials. The company uses a chemical-based method to produce graphene with thickness of 2nm to 10nm.

TARGET MARKETS• Energy.

ADDRESSGraphene Energy, Inc.7217 McNeil Dr, Suite 108AustinTX 78729USAT: +1 5127407941

WEBwww.grapheneenergy.net

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glo ABCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2005, glō AB is a venture-backed, development-stage company focused on developmentand commercialisation of entirely new, highly energy efficient and very low cost nanowire light-emitting diodes (nLED) based on its proprietary heterostructured semiconductor nanowire epitaxial growth and process technologies.

PRODUCTSglō’s RGB nanowire LEDs (nLEDs) are made using one material system with the active layers grown on the crystallographically-favorable non-polar m-plane. The wavelength shift and efficiency droop that are observed with commercially-available planar LEDs is reduced to a minimum with nLEDs. In the mid-term this will enable a true white RGB (red, green and blue) LED without the need of lossy phosphor conver-sion, thus achieving the highest CRIs and efficiencies.

ADDRESSglō ABScheelevägen 17Betahuset 6, IDEON SCIENCE PARK223 70 LundSWEDEN T: + 46 (46) 286.4840

WEBwww.glo.se

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Graphene Energy, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Energy, Inc. was founded in 2008. The technology is licensed from The University of Texas at Austin and The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia.

PRODUCTSThe company is seeking to commercialize chemically modified graphene (CMG) ultra-capacitors for en-ergy storage based on graphene for electrode materials. The company uses a chemical-based method to produce graphene with thickness of 2nm to 10nm.

TARGET MARKETS• Energy.

ADDRESSGraphene Energy, Inc.7217 McNeil Dr, Suite 108AustinTX 78729USAT: +1 5127407941

WEBwww.grapheneenergy.net

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Graphene FrontiersSTATUSThe company specialize in large area CVD graphene production and graphene-based sensor applications.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Frontiers is a spin-out from the University of Pennsylvania, developing methods to produce large area graphene on an industrial scale. According to the company Graphene Frontiers has solved the problems of scale: CVD Graphene films can now be mass-produced and transferred to nearly any substrate. Graphene Frontiers’ patent pending method for low cost production and etch-free transfer of graphene films will disrupt multi-billion dollar markets including sensors, energy storage, and flexible electronics.

PRODUCTSProjects under development include: Conductive coatings on solar cells and display technologies; gra-phene added to acrylics used in the windshields and windows of fighter planes. The graphene additive could strengthen the acrylics and shield against electromagnetic interference; nano-magnesium-gra-phene alloy for use as strong, lightweight structural materials and armor; graphene coatings for medical devices.

Product Description Applications

GF-2046 Micro-electronic grade conduc-tive film loaded on silicon wafer

Memory components, bio-sen-sors, IR detector, RF electronics

GF-3012 Transparent conductive film loaded on transparent glass slides

ITO Replacement

GF-1025 Electron microscopy sample support

On market

TEM grids and CVD graphene materials are available via channel partners. Sensor products are in proto-type phase. The company are a white label manufacturer for two major distributors and provide custom solutions for industry partners.

TARGET MARKETS• Material: transparent, flexible barrier films and conductors • Sensors: biosensors (diagnostics).

ADDRESSGraphene Frontiers3160 Chestnut StreetPhiladelphia, PA USAT: +1 2155738196

WEBwww.graphenefrontiers.com

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Graphene Industries Ltd.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Industries is a spinout from Manchester University. Flakes, membranes and devices are pro-duced under class 100 clean room conditions.

PRODUCTSGraphene Industries supply development grade samples of graphene with lateral dimensions of the or-der of 100μm on silicon substrates, processed into devices such as Hall bar geometries, ultrasensitive gas sensors or suspended from metallic scaffolding for use as support films in electron microscopy applica-tions.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics and optics applications. Examples include: high frequency transistors, photodiodes, trans-parent conductive coatings for touch screens and displays.

ADDRESSGraphene Industries Ltd.24 Ellerslie CourtUpper Park RoadManchesterM14 5RHUKT: +44 161 408 4048

WEBhttp://grapheneindustries.comhttp://grapheneresearch.com

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Graphene Platform STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s business focus is providing high-quality material to researchers. They are a subsidiary of iTRIX Corporation.

PRODUCTS• CVD-Grown Graphene- Single-layer on Copper foil- Multilayer on Nickel foil

• Graphene on PET/ Glass/SiO2- Single-layer- Single-layer laminted- Multilayer

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Composites.

ADDRESSGraphene Platform, Inc.9595 Six Pines Dr., Suite 8210 #291 The WoodlandsTX 77380USA

WEBhttp://grapheneplatform.com

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Graphene SquareSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a spin-out from the Graphene Research Lab at Seoul National University.

PRODUCTSThe company produces 50x50 monolayer graphene thin films on Cu foil for $263 per kg and PET thin film for $819 per kg. They also produce graphene oxide. Graphene Square currently markets products in three different areas.

1. Using state-of-the-art chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods developed in-house, Graphene Square offers the highest quality graphene samples currently on the market. In addition to the standard samples available online, Graphene Square can also fabricate custom samples and end-equipment proto-types tailored to the customer’s own specification.

2. For researchers who want to synthesize their own graphene samples, Graphene Square markets a low-cost thermal CVD system that allows the users to easily begin synthesizing their own large-area, high-quality graphene samples in a lab environment. Graphene Square also provides training seminars covering the current best practices for graphene growth and transfer. Graphene Square can also build custom CVD systems to the customer’s own specification.

3. Graphene Square provides general consulting services and also licenses technology from its extensive patent portfolio. Areas covered include: graphene synthesis, transfer to various substrates, patterning of graphene, other mass production techniques, and future applications.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Energy• Coatings• Nanocomposites.

ADDRESSGraphene SquareBldg. 503-326, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-guSeoul 151-742South KoreaT: +82-2-880-6569

WEBwww.graphenesq.com

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Graphene Works, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Works, Inc. produces epitaxial graphene grown on SiC. The company was founded by Walt de Heer (CEO) and Edward Conrad.

PRODUCTSThe company produces graphene film with thickness of <1nm to 5nm based on a method for reduction of silicon carbide to substrate links graphene films.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics.

ADDRESSGraphene Works508 Claire Dr NE Atlanta, GA 30307 USAT: +1 678439 935

WEBwww.grapheneworks.com

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GraphenetechSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONEficiencia Energética Aplicada S.L. (EEA) is a technology-based company founded in 2009. EEA started its business activity in energy services. Currently, one of the main activities of EAA is dedicated to research and development in graphene, under the trade name Graphenetech.

PRODUCTSGraphenetech has developed a top-down process of graphite exfoliation that allows production of nano-graphite / graphene of different qualities. Its use can improve mechanical properties, thermal and electri-cal conductivity or barrier properties among others. http://graphene-tech.net/en/productos-5/

TARGET MARKETS Products can be used as a load in polymers, paints, coatings, ink and other composite materials.

ADDRESSEficiencia Energética AplicadaCEEI ARAGÓN, Nave 1C/María de Luna 1150018 ZaragozaSPAINT: +34 976 248 137

WEBhttp://graphene-tech.net/en/

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Graphenea NanomaterialsSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company was founded in 2010 as a joint venture of private investors and nanoGUNE (www.nano-gune.eu). The company partner with industry leaders (Nokia, Philips, Intel, etc.) for applications develop-ment.

PRODUCTSThe company sell bilayer graphene, monolayer graphene, trilayer graphene and graphene oxide. A full list is available at www.graphenea.com/collections/graphene-products.They have two different lines:1. Graphene films: High Quality CVD graphene. Price for low-volume orders is around 10 EUR/cm2

2. Graphene powder: Graphene Oxide/reduced Graphene Oxide. Price for low-volume is 99 EUR/gramProduction capacity is:Films: 100,000 cm2/yearPowder: 100 Kg/year

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Optoelectronics• Solar cells• Biomedical devices• Energy storage.

ADDRESSGraphenea NanomaterialsTolosa Hiribidea, 76 E-20018 Donostia - San Sebastián SpainT: +34 943 57 40 53

WEBwww.graphenea.com

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Graphensic ABSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphensic, established in March 2012, is a spin-off from the Linköping University.

PRODUCTSThe company aims to produce single layer graphene on hexagonal silicon carbide for the electronic equipment market, and related markets. Graphensic’s technology uses a high temperature process to produce epitaxial graphene on SiC. The high temperature provides better uniformity.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Energy.

ADDRESSGraphensicMjärdevi Science Park, Teknikringen 7SE-58330 LinköpingSwedenT: +46 13 282528

WEBwww.graphensic.com

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GraphosSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONItalian start-up producing Graphos Sol-G or G-Ink.

PRODUCTSGraphos Sol-G and Graphos G-Ink consist on high quality graphene material suspend in water. The low amounts of exfoliating agent, less than 1%, maintain unaltered the properties of the pristine graphene. No oxidation processes are involved on the production of Graphos Sol-G or G-Ink.

With a lateral size up to 30 µm and concentration of 4.0 mg/ml, Sol-G & G-Ink can be used on wide appli-cation range. Sheet resistance of 15 Ω/square with thickness lower than 50 µm were measured on filtered paper; while 14 kΩ/square and 65% visible light transmittance are attainable on flexible transparent plastic film.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Energy.

ADDRESSGRAPHOS in collaboration withAMBROGI SASVia Goldoni, 440033 Casalecchio di Reno (BO) – ItalyT: +39 347 1576397

WEBwww.graphene.it

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Group NanoXplore Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGNI is a Montreal-based nanomaterials research and development services company specializing in gra-phene, advanced graphene materials and carbon nanotube technologies, including R&D for the produc-tion of graphene coatings for consumer electronics, security and graphene-based RF packaging applica-tions. GNI works on a contractual basis with manufacturers in cooperation with its academic partners.

PRODUCTSThe company is a producer of graphene powder.

TARGET MARKETS• Coatings• Composites• Electronics.

ADDRESSGroup NanoXplore Inc.1001 Rue Lenoir, Suite A-229,Montreal, QCH4C 2Z6, CANADAT: +1 514 276 9889

WEBhttp://nanoxplore.ca

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GS Nanotech Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONEstablished in 2000, the company is a manufacturer of thin film batteries.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing carbon nanotubes for battery applications.

ADDRESS4th Fl. GS Caltex New Energy Development Center453-2 Seongnae 1-dong Gangdong-guSeoul 134-848, 134-848, KRT: 0269004153

WEBwww.gsnanotech.co.kr

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Hanwha Nanotech Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company has been producing carbon nanotubes since 2000, mainly for the electronics and displays markets.

PRODUCTSASA-100F• ASA-100F is a single-walled CNT product produced using the Arc-discharge process.• It uses Fe as a catalyst and requires no separate refinery process.• The single-walled CNT (SWCNT) has purity of approximately 20 ~ 30wt. % and consists of about 40wt. % of carbon nanoparticles, 20wt. % of catalyst metal, and 10wt. % of amorphous carbon and graphite.• SWCNT has a diameter of approximately 1.2nm and forms a bundle measuring almost 10nm.

Properties• Excellent electric conductivity and heat conductivity• Excellent mechanical strength• High crystallinity and aspect ratio• Excellent Arc-discharge element characteristics

CM-95• This multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) is produced using the Thermal CVD process.• The diameter is 10 ~ 15 nm, and the purity is at least 95%.• It does not require a separate refinery process.• It is suitable for CNT-Metal composite.

Properties• Excellent electric conductivity and heat conductivity• Excellent mechanical strength• High specific surface area• High length-to-diameter ratio• High crystallinity

ADDRESSHanwha Nanotech Co., Ltd.3F Shine Bldg., 423-1 Cheongcheon-dongBupyeong-guIncheon 100-797 Korea T: +82 325137114

WEBwww.hanwhananotech.co.kr

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Haydale LimitedSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONHaydale is a wholly owned subsidiary of Innovative Carbon Limited.

PRODUCTSThe company has a patented plasma based production technology for scaleable production of Graphene Nano Platelets. The offer a range of GNPs and other materials under the brand HDPlas™. Haydale is cur-rently producing one ton per annum of Graphene and is investing millions to scale up to produce ton per annum to facilitate industrial commercialisation of graphene enabled intermediates and products.HDPlas™ is the retail Outlet for Haydale’s Split Plasma refined nanomaterials.

TARGET MARKETS• Composites• Electronics.

ADDRESSHaydale LimitedECM2 Heol Cefn Gwrgan, Margam Port TalbotUKT: 01639864740

WEBwww.haydale.comwww.hdplas.com

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Honjo Chemical Corporation COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company manufactures electrode materials for the next generation flat display’s panel by using carbon nanotubes.

PRODUCTS The company has a nanotube and fullerene mass-production plant in Japan at Neyagawa Factory under a cooperation agreement with Mitsubishi Corp., Fullerene International Corp. (FIC) and MER Corp. The company is developing fullerenes and carbon nanotubes for fuel cell and flat panel display applications. They also supply various lithium material and products such as cathode materials for Lithium-Ion Battery. They produce the materials through the arc-based method

ADDRESSHonjo Chemical Corporation5-24, Miyahara 3-chome Osaka-shi 532-0003 JapanT: +81 0663992331

WEBwww.honjo-chem.co.jp

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HRL Laboratories, LLC STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONHRL Laboratories, LLC is a corporate research-and-development laboratory owned by The Boeing Com-pany and General Motors specializing in research into sensors and materials, information and systems sci-ences, applied electromagnetics, and microelectronics. HRL provides custom research and development and performs additional R&D contract services for its LLC member companies, the U.S. government, and other commercial companies. The company is developing graphene carbon to create electronic compo-nents for application in high-bandwidth communications, imaging and radar systems.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) using epitaxial graphene film operat-ing in the radio frequency (RF) range. The goal is to develop a new generation of carbon-based radio-frequency integrated circuits for ultra-high-speed, ultra-low-power applications.

TARGET MARKETS• Military and defense• Semiconductors and electronics.

ADDRESSHRL Laboratories, LLCUSA3011 Malibu Canyon RoadMalibuCA 90265-4797 USAT: +1 3103175000

WEBwww.hrl.com

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IBM Corporation STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONIBM is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and offers infra-structure services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.

PRODUCTSIBM has been researching graphene based-transistors, but do not currently view it as an acceptable re-placement for silicon. IBM has demonstrated a 155GHz graphene transistor.

IBM is developing transistors incorporating nanotubes. They have successfully used semiconducting single and multi-walled nanotubes as channels of field-effect transistors.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics.

ADDRESSIBM Corporation 1 New Orchard RoadArmonk, New York 10504-1722USAT: +1 9144991900

WEBwww.research.ibm.com

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Incubation Alliance Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONIncubation Alliance.,Inc is a Japanese Manufacturing Company, who mass synthesizes graphene flower and graphene tubes. The company has a mass production technology to synthesize graphene flower and graphene tube, the InALA method.

PRODUCTSIncubation Alliance Inc. has used a proprietary high-speed CVD process to successfully mass synthesize graphene without the use of substrates, catalysts, or stripping.1) “GRAPHENEFLOWER” (registered trademark) is a mass of graphene that has been grown into individual flower pedal shapes, which together form a unified mass of graphene. GRAPHENE FLOWER dispersions are composed of graphene that has been finely powdered while suppressing the adhesion of the graphene by placing masses of GRAPHENEFLOWER in an organic solvent and storing the powder in the solvent.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Energy • Composites.

ADDRESSIncubation Alliance Inc.1-2-25-D-307,Wadayama-Dori, Hyogo-Ku,Kobe CityHyogo PrefJapan652-0884T: +81-78-651-1332

WEBwww.incu-alliance.co.jp

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InnopheneSTATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2011, the company is focused on the Organic and Printed Electronic business with the pat-ented technology on “Oxygen-free Graphene Conductive Ink”.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing PHENE grpahene conductive inks.

TARGET MARKETS• RFID Industry • Electronicand mobile ComponentsIndustry• Smart Objects Industry including smart card application, E-book• Alternative Energy such as Solar cell and Battery industry • Medical device Industry, focused on bio-sensors application.

ADDRESSInnophene Company Limited501/1 SoiSoonvijai 4, Rama 9 Rd., HuayKwang,Bangkok, 10310 ThailandT: +66(0) 2716 8787

WEBhttp://innophene.com

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Intel Corporation STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONIntel Corporation is the world’s largest semiconductor chipmaker, based on revenues.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing epitaxial graphene films for interference devices.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics.

ADDRESSIntel Corporation2200 Mission College Blvd, Santa Clara USAT: +1 4087658080

WEBwww.intel.com

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Irchemie COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of graphene pastes, N-doped graphene and graphene powder.

PRODUCTSN-GPaste is a silver-enhanced conductive paste for application in electronics. The company’s graphene powder can be used as lubricant and for preparation of conductive materials and masterbatches.

ADDRESSNChem USA5310 Derry Ave Suite HAgoura Hills, CA 91301USAT: +1 818-707-0115

WEBhttp://graphene-tech.org

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KemixCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a supplier of materials for life sciences applications.

PRODUCTSProduce aqueous SWNT and MWNT, and a range of other nanomaterials for medical applications.

ADDRESSKemixPO Box 1344 TullamarineVictoria Australia 3043T: 0420 652 660

WEBhttp://kemix.com.au

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KH Chemicals, Co. Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONManufacturer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT).

PRODUCTSProprietary continuous process enables the mass production of SWCNT with uniform and high quality, which can be applied for various applications including• Transparent conductive film: 250ohm/sq., TT>90% • Secondary battery and EDLC • Conductive textile

CONTACT DETAILS106-71 Gwahakdanji-roGangnung-siGangwon-doKorea210-340T: +82 336424116

WEBwww.khchem.com

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Klean Industries IncCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of SWNT, DWNT and MWNT.

PRODUCTSKlean Carbon can produce over 5 tonnes of SWNTs with purity above 80%, over 2.5 tonnes of MWNTs with a 30-50nm diameter and approximately 1 tonne of DWNTs. In addition, MWNTs with purity above 98wt% can be produced and production facilities are currently be scaled up to produce even larger vol-umes.

ADDRESSKlean Industries IncDBA Klean CarbonSuite 3038 - 349 West Georgia St.Vancouver, B.C., CanadaV6B 3X5T: +1.604.637.9609

WEBwww.kleancarbon.com

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Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONKorea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (KKPC) is a major producer of synthetic rubbers, resins and spe-cialty chemicals, and electronic components for the semiconductor industry, and also constructs heat and power plants that supply steam and electricity. Founded in 1970, KKPC is a subsidiary of the Kumho Asiana Group, a large conglomerate that is engaged in a wide variety of business fields including land and sea transportation, construction, tire manufacturing, and financial services.

PRODUCTSThe company has a nanotube production facility with an annual capacity of 50 tons, which they plan to increase to more than 250 by 2013.

ADDRESS21-24F Kumho Asiana Main Tower #115, Sinmunno 1-Ga, Jongno-Gu, South KoreaSeoul, 110-857 T: 82-2-6303-0114

WEBwww.kkpc.com/eng/index.asp

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LG Display Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONLG Display Co., Ltd. is a leading manufacturer and supplier of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panels, OLEDs and flexible displays. The company provides TFT-LCD panels in a wide range of sizes and specifications for use in TVs, monitors, notebook PCs, mobile products and other various appli-cations. LG Display currently operates eight fabrication facilities and five back-end assembly facilities in Korea, China and Poland. The company has a total of 35,000 employees operating worldwide.

PRODUCTSLG Display and QD Vision have joint development agreement focused on creating highly-efficient, high-performance active matrix displays based on electroluminescent quantum dot LED (QLED) nanotechnol-ogy.

ADDRESSLG Display Co., Ltd.West Tower, LG Twin Towers, 17th Fl., 20 Yoido-dong, Youngdungpo-guSeoul 150-721South KoreaTel: +82-2-3777-1010

WEBwww.lgdisplay.com

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London Graphene Ltd.STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONLondon Graphene has an option on some patents from the Department of Materials at the University of Oxford on CVD graphene.

PRODUCTSEstablished in 2013 to develop advanced energy storage applications based on high quality graphene.

ADDRESSImperial College IncubatorLevel 1, Bessemer BuildingImperial College LondonLondon SW7 2AZ

WEBwww.londongraphene.com

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Linde ElectronicsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONLinde Electronics is the global electronics business of The Linde Group. The company has launched SEERe- a CNT ink developed at the London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN).

PRODUCTSThe SEERe- ink is based on methods developed by the LCN team of Dr Chris Howard and Prof Neal Skip-per at University College London and Dr Siân Fogden and Prof Milo Shaffer at Imperial College London. The team discovered that charging SWNTs in ammonia-based solvents could overcome the forces bind-ing the SWNTs together in bundles and lead to their dissolution.

ADDRESSLinde AG Corporate Head Office.Klosterhofstraße 1 80331 Munich Germany Phone +49.89.35757-1437

WEBwww.linde-gas.com/en/products_and_supply/electronic_gases_and_chemicals/carbon_nanotubes/in-dex.html

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Luna NanoworksCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONLuna nanoWorks is a division of Luna Innovations Incorporated, a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: LUNA) headquartered in Roanoke, Va.

PRODUCTSThe company produces SWNT and fullerene products.

ADDRESSLuna nanoWorks Office521 Bridge St., Danville, VA 24541USAT: +1.434.483.4200

WEBwww.lunananoworks.com

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M.E.R. Corporation COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company has been supplying fullerenes since 1991, and performs contract R & D for the U.S. govern-ment and industrial clients, and manufactures niche and advanced engineering materials. Technologies include nanomaterials, composites of carbon, metals, ceramics and polymers, rapid manufacturing in metals and cermets, coatings for wear, oxidation, corrosion and specialty performance, and electrochemi-cal processes including: fuel cells, lithium ion batteries and metal extraction.

PRODUCTSMER Corporation has developed a method to produce large-area, uniformly dispersed double-wall nano-tubes (DWNT). MER’s production process can convert the DWNT into fibrous mats (C-Mats) that resemble non-woven fabrics. These materials are utilized as high performance filters since they have very small pores. MER’s proprietary manufacturing technique produces the C-Mat directly from the reactor. Applications, including: Filtration media such as bio-filters for use in liquids and gases for applications ranging from drug manufacturing to water purification to gas separation, composite materials showing exceptionally high-strength and lightweight structure materials for aerospace and military applications, and conduc-tive flexible films for electrical and thermal management applications.

ADDRESSM.E.R. CorporationAddress 7960 South Kolb Road Tucson Arizona 85706USAT: +1 5205741980

WEBwww.mercorp.com

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Meijo Nano Carbon Co, Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONJapanese producer of SWNT.

PRODUCTSProducts include:Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube- SWNT APJ- SWNT SO- SWNT FH-A- SWNT FH-P

Metallic/semiconducting Carbon Nanotube- Metallic CNT- Semiconducting CNT

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube

Graphene- Transferred Single Layer Graphene (Transferred substrate: Transparent Quartz substrate/Silicon sub-strate)

Carbon Nanotube Dispersion- SWNT Dispersion- MWNT Dispersion- Metallic CNT Dispersion- Semiconducting CNT Dispersion

ADDRESSOtsubashibuilding, 3-4-10MarunouchiNaka-ku, Nagoya 460-0002JapanT: +81-52-971-2408

WEBhttp://meijo-nano.com

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MysticMD, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONMysticMD is a Connecticut-based company developing novel applications of carbon nanotubes and coat-ings that can significantly reduce the weight and cost of materials in lithium ion batteries. The company focus is developing proprietary conductive solutions using formulations of carbon nanotubes alloyed with traditional materials and/or other nanoparticles.

PRODUCTS• nanolite® - is a technology for producing carbon nanotube based conductive that reduces the weight of rechargeable batteries by more than 25%, reduces the active catalyst required in fuel cells by 50% and costs one-third less than copper• altruvista® - high quality, single use blood glucose test strip that cuts manufacturing costs by 50%• nCard™ - identification cards for personal verification using biometrics• Intellimark™ - discreet security marks for authentication and anti-counterfeiting of high value items• nanokote™ - durable, abrasion resistant materials that increase wear resistance in potentiometers by 150%

ADDRESSMysticMD, Inc. 1084 Shennecossett RoadGrotonCT 06340USAT: +1 8602025948

WEBwww.mysticmd.com

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Nanoco Group PLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoco was founded in 2001 as a spinout company from Manchester University’s Chemistry Department. The company currently operates facilities in the UK and Japan. Nanoco partners major R&D and blue-chip industrial organizations in the development of applications incorporating quantum dots.

PRODUCTSThe company produces Cadmium-Free Quantum Dots for Display and Lighting applications. According to the company CFQD® quantum dots offer performance benefits for display and solid-state lighting technologies:– Improved colour performance – Improved efficiency – Improved efficacy with high colour rendering

Launch of CFQD® quantum dot solid-state lighting is expected in 2015.

ADDRESSNanoco Group PLCGlobal Headquarters46 Grafton Street Manchester, M13 9NT UKTel: +44 (0)161 603 7900

WEBwww.nanocotechnologies.com

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Nano-CCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of nanostructured carbon materials including fullerenes, nanotubes and their chemical derivatives. The company manufactures a full range of fullerenes, including fullerene black, C60, C70, C76/78, C84 and higher fullerenes. Their core combustion process gives a degree of control on how much of each they make. They also tailor these to specific applications via chemical derivatization. For example, the PCBM deriva-tive is the current derivative of choice for organic photovoltaics. For solar and other polymer electronics, they are now producing a broader range of derivatives that are enabling their customers to explore a full range of electronic properties and morphologies. Their range of derivatives also includes water and lipid soluble that the company is now producing for applications in health care.

PRODUCTSSingle and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT) As is true in their fullerene process, their nanotube system is exothermic which provides for a substan-tially lower cost approach than CVD or high-pressure CO-based systems. Unique variables that influence the characteristics of CNTs include:• Operating temperature and pressure • Type & particle size of catalyst • Fuel type and fuel-oxygen ratio • Dilution with inert gas • Cold gas velocity • In-situ processing of substrates • Use of electric fields to achieve greater degrees of alignment

For example, they have demonstrated that higher operating pressures result in longer nanotubes, and higher throughputs; catalyst choice quantitatively determines production of SWCNTs or MWCNTs. Their system affords the possibility of capturing the as-produced SWCNTs in water or other liquids (a “pre-dispersion”) to enable easier processing into devices. They are working on the functionalization and dispersion of nanotubes for particular electronic applications. For one polymer electronics application they are “cutting” SWCNTs to shorter lengths and following that with chemical functionalization to aid dispersion. For another application area they are producing longer nanotubes and exploring alternative dispersion methods to aid in processing using lithographic tech-niques.

ADDRESSNano-C33 Southwest Park WestwoodMA 02090 USAT: +1 7814079417

WEBwww.nano-c.com

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Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company was formed in 2004 as a spin-out of Synergy Innovations, Inc. The company is a developer of energy saving performance materials and component products from CNTs.

PRODUCTSThe company’s proprietary product is the CTex™ CNT yarn and CNT mats. Main application markets are in aerospace and aviation markets for nanotube materials to save weight in a variety of complex systems, as well as to provide electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding compo-nents.

ADDRESSNanocomp Technologies, Inc.162 Pembroke RoadConcordNH 03301USAT: +1 6034428992

WEBwww.nanocomptech.com

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NanoCompound GmbHCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoCompound GmbH was founded in January 2004. The company’s core competence is the industrial production and commercialization of Nano Carbon Fullrerenes (NCF) and their combined application under the registered trademark called FULLARON.

PRODUCTSFullatube™This material, trademarked under the name FULLATUBE™, consists of special Multi-Wall-Carbon-Nano-tubes (MWCNT), a multi-wall tube fullerene structure. These MWCNT provide unique features and allow access to various new application areas, such as:• Conductors/semiconductors in lighter and more efficient solar cells (flexible foils) • Modification of materials, e. g. as a conducting additive in polymers • High-tensile components in the fields of automotive, aircraft, aerospace and sports • Highly integrated circuits, high-capacity catalysts and mass storage media Industrial production of FULLATUBE™ is performed in a CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition) carried cata-lytic pyrolysis process with special Ni/Mg catalysts under atmospherical pressure and temperatures of 580-650°C.

Fullaron M3D/6HHigh pressure, high temperature and a special autoclave are the ingredients for a unique nanotechno-logical product - FULLARON®. It combines - like a diamond in the cage - the characteristics of the Fuller-ene-Cage-Structure and the diamond. FULLARON® M3D/6H has an additional graphite layer surrounding this Diamond-Fullerene-Structure. This monocrystallite pre product is processed to FULLARON® M3D by removing this layer by special chemical cleaning processes. This product is used in tire industry and for tribological applications.

ADDRESSNanocompound GmbHArnold-Sommerfeld-Ring 2 D-52499 BaesweilerGermanyT: +49 2401805453

WEBwww.nanocompound.de

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NanocylCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanocyl is a spin-off company founded in 2002, from the University of Namur. At present, all produc-tion is dedicated to associated laboratories and private industrials partners for use in their research and development departments. Nanocyl has chosen the “Catalytic Carbon Vapour Deposition” method of production as it allows production in large scale and is using industrial process, which is well known. Nanocyl employs 30 people with offices in Belgium and the United States. The US commercial subsidiary was opened in 2006. The Asia-Pacific market is covered through a network of partners in South Korea, Japan, India and China. Nanocyl®-7000 seriesNanocyl®-7000 series thin multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes are produced via the catalytic carbon vapor de-position (CCVD) process. A primary interest is in applications requiring low electrical percolation thresh-old such as high-performance electrostatic dissipative plastics or coatings. Nanocyl®-7000 is available in powder form in quantities starting at 1 kg to multi-tons. Pre-dispersed forms are also available (Plasti-Cyl™, EpoCyl™, AquaCyl™).

PRODUCTSPlastiCyl™PlastiCyl™ series is a unique family of Carbon Nanotubes thermoplastic concentrates. Primary use is as an additive for conductive thermoplastic applications requiring high-level of performance such as cleanli-ness and high retention of mechanical properties of the base plastic.

Epocy™Epocy™ is a family of products, based on different types of epoxy resins, modified with the company’s proprietary technology with CNTs for different applications, from the mechanical reinforcements to the electrical conductivity enhancements.

AquaCyl™AquaCyl™ incorporates CNTs in waterborne application systems (coatings, films). An example of applica-tion is antistatic coating.

ADDRESSNanocylRue de l’Essor 45060 SambrevilleBelgiumT: +32 071750381

WEBwww.nanocyl.com

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NanoInnova Technologies SL STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoInnova Technologies SL is a spin-off company of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. NanoInnova Technologies designs, develops and commercializes Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) instruments for bottom up graphene synthesis and chemically modified graphene.

PRODUCTSA range of raw materials such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, Palladium (0) nanoparticles supported in reduced graphene oxide, etc, are part of the Nanoinnova Technologies SL portfolio. Na-noinnova Technologies SL is involved in the development and commercialization of new catalyst for fine chemical transformations such as cross coupling reactions, nanostructured modification of electrodes, new stationary phases in purification and new supports and functionalities of biomolecules.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Biomedical.

ADDRESSNanoinnova Technologies SL Parque Científico de Madrid. C/ Faraday,7 28049 Madrid SpainT: +34 659 31 82 95

WEBwww.nanoinnova.com

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Nanointegris, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoIntegris was spun-out of the Hersam Research Group at Northwestern University in 2007. The com-pany is a supplier of electronically pure metallic and semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs).

PRODUCTSIsoNanotubesIsoNanotubes are SWNTs that are uniform in their electronic properties. The company producers produce IsoNanotubes by separating electronically polydisperse, as-grown SWNTs via density gradient ultracentri-fugation.

PureTubesPureTubes are unseparated SWNTs that have been extensively purified to remove catalytic and carbona-ceous impurities without causing tube damage.

Applications include:• Field Effect Transistors• Transparent Conductive Films• Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED)

ADDRESSNanointegris, Inc. 8025 Lamon Avenue Suite 43 SkokieIL 60077 USAT: +1 8475811481

WEBwww.nanointegris.com

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Nanooptical Materials, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoOptical Materials Inc (NOM) is a spin off business launched from Intelligent Optical Systems. Now completely independent, NOM has advanced technology originally developed via SBIR funding to manu-facture nanocrystals for optical applications.

PRODUCTSThe company supplies chalconide (S, Se, and/or Te) core/shell quantum dots as well as PbS quantum dots that are available in organic solvents or in water-soluble form.

ADDRESSNanooptical Materials, Inc.1330 E 223rd St, Suite 511Carson, CA 90745-4343USATel: +1 (424) 262-4666

WEBhttp://nanoopticalmaterials.com

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NanoPhotonica, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2011.

PRODUCTSFor display applications, the company’s patented, all-solution-processable quantum dot light-emitting diodes technique (S-QLED®) allows fabrication of displays using ink-jet printing methods.

ADDRESSNanoPhotonica, Inc. 5036 Dr. Phillips Blvd.Suite 319Orlando, FL 32819USA

WEBwww.nanophotonica.com

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Nanopyxis COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2010.

PRODUCTSThe company produces silver nanowires for electronics applications.

ADDRESSRm.304~306 Eco Business Incubator, 820, Palbok-dong 2-ga, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-844 KoreaTel: +82-31-776-0642

WEBhttp://nanopyxis.com

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Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc., was founded in 2001 and is involved in the research, pro-cessing, and marketing of nanostructured, ultrafine-structured and amorphous materials.

PRODUCTSThe company is a producer of graphene and graphene oxide.

TARGET MARKETS• Conductive plastics and inks.• Lubricant material in thermoplastics• Anti-static applications in polyurethane, plastics and resins• Coatings and paints• Automotive• Aerospace.

ADDRESSNanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc.16840 Clay Road, Suite #113HoustonTX 77084USAT: +1 2818586571

WEBwww.nanoamor.com

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Nanosys, Inc.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanosys, Inc designs products based on a technology platform that incorporates high performance inorganic nanostructures. Its technology, products, and processes are covered by over 750 patents and patent applications that address a wide range of industries including LED backlighting, LED general light-ing, power (batteries and fuel cells), medical applications, next generation NAND Flash memories, Solar, Flat Panel Display driver transistors, and specialized nano-surface coatings (super-hydrophobic, super-adhesive, super-hydrophilic, super-hemostatic).

PRODUCTSCurrently, Nanosys is focused on commercializing its quantum dot and silicon composite anode materials for the LED LCD and lithium ion battery industries.Major funders of the company include Venrock Associates, Samsung, Arch Venture Partners, Intel, El Do-rado Ventures, Polaris Venture Partners, Prospect Ventures, Harris & Harris Group, Lux Capital, Kodak, and Wasatch Advisors.QDEF™ and QuantumRail™ are composed of Nanosys’ proprietary, high efficiency quantum dot phos-phors. They find application in LED displays. Nanosys Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, or QDEF, is an optical film component for LED driven LCD displays. Based on Nanosys’ proprietary high efficiency Quan-tum Dot Phosphors, QDEF enables a new level of LCD display performance by providing a high quality, tri-color white light from a standard blue LED light source. Larger than a water molecule, but smaller than a virus, these tiny phosphors convert blue light from a standard Gallium Nitride (GaN) LED into different wavelengths based upon their size. Larger dots emit longer wavelengths (red), while smaller dots emit shorter wavelengths (green). Blending together a mix of dot colors allows Nanosys to precisely engineer a new spectrum of light to customer specifications.The quantum rail is a glass capillary optical component containing red and green quantum dots that is inserted between the LEDs and the light guide panel (LGP) of an LED LCD display in manufacturing to improve color gamut.

ADDRESSNanosys, Inc.2625 Hanover StreetPalo Alto, CA 94304USATel: +1 650 331 2100

WEBwww.nanosysinc.com

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Nantero, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNantero is using carbon nanotubes for the development of next-generation semiconductor devices. These devices include memory, logic, and other semiconductor products. Nantero is the first company to actively develop semiconductor products using carbon nanotubes in a production CMOS fab. Nantero is also developing microelectronic-grade carbon nanotube material, compatible with production CMOS fabs, now commercially available through licensee Brewer Science. Nantero’s extensive intellectual property portfolio currently includes over 100 patent applications, of which over 40 have already been granted.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing NRAM™, a high-density nonvolatile random access memory chip. The pro-prietary NRAM™ design uses carbon nanotubes as the active memory elements. Nantero has created multiple prototype devices, including an array of ten billion suspended nanotube junctions on a single silicon wafer. Nantero’s design for NRAM involves the use of suspended nanotube junctions as memory bits, with the “up” position representing bit zero and the “down” position representing bit one. Bits are switched between states through the application of electrical fields.

ADDRESSNanotero, Inc. 25-E Olympia AvenueWoburnMA 01801USAT: +1 7819325338

WEBwww.nantero.com

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Natcore Technology, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNatcore Technology Inc., formerly Syracuse Capital Corp., controls a process for thin film growth with ap-plications in solar energy, semiconductors, fiber optics and other industries. The Company’s products are focused for the silicon solar cell manufacturing industry. Natcore’s liquid phase deposition (LPD) process enables the growth of thin oxide films on silicon substrates in a mild chemical bath at ambient tempera-tures and pressures, eliminating the need for the high-temperature, vacuum furnaces, which is necessary for the production of these films.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing an all quantum dot tandem solar cell. See http://www.natcoresolar.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Solar-cells-and-Quantum-Dots.pdf

ADDRESSNatcore Technology, Inc.87 Maple AvenueRed Bank, NJ 07701USATel: +1 8777006262

WEBwww.natcoresolar.com

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Navillum Nanotechnologies, LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of QDs, spun-out from the University of Utah.

PRODUCTSThe company has patented a method for fabricating quantum dots on a commercial scale. The company’s process uses significantly lower temperatures than conventional methods. It allows greater control over the size of quantum dots. The lower temperature gradient also allows more uniform cooling of the solu-tion. This provides narrower quantum dot size distribution resulting to high quality batches.

ADDRESSNavillum Nanotechnologies, LLC2500 S. State St. G246 South Salt Lake, UT 84115USATel: +1 (385) 646-4022

WEBwww.navillum.com

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NChem USA STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of graphene pastes, N-doped graphene and graphene powder.

PRODUCTSN-GPaste is a silver-enhanced conductive paste for application in electronics. The company’s graphene powder can be used as lubricant and for preparation of conductive materials and masterbatches.

TARGET MARKETS• Conductive plastics and inks.• Lubricant material in thermoplastics• Anti-static applications in polyurethane, plastics and resins• Coatings and paints• Automotive• Aerospace.

ADDRESSNChem USA5310 Derry Ave Suite HAgoura Hills, CA 91301USAT: +1 818-707-0115

WEBhttp://graphene-tech.org

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NEC CorporationCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNEC Corporation is a Japanese multinational provider of information technology (IT) services and prod-ucts, with its headquarters in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. NEC provides information technology (IT) and net-work solutions to business enterprises, communications services providers and to government agencies.

PRODUCTSThe company has a manufacturing facility for the mass production (more than 1kg/day) of high-purity carbon nanohorns, and started to provide this material to the market.

ADDRESSNEC Corporation7-1, Shiba 5-chomeMinato-ku, Tokyo 108-8001JapanPhone: +81-3-3454-1111

WEBwww.nec.com

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Ningbo Morsh Technology Co., Ltd. STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNingbo Morsh Technology was established by Shanghai Nanjiang in 2012 in Ningo, Zhejiang. They use technology developed at the Chongqing Institute which was licensed to Shanghai Nanjiang.

PRODUCTSNingbo Morsh Technology’s production line will begin production in August 2013, and will have an annual capacity of 300 tons. Ningbo Morsh Technology are supplying graphene to Chongqing Morsh Technology, who’s building a production line in Chongqing that will be used to produce 15” single-layer graphene films that will be used to produce graphene transparent touch panel conductive films.

TARGET MARKETS• Conductive plastics and inks.• Lubricant material in thermoplastics• Anti-static applications in polyurethane, plastics and resins• Coatings and paints• Automotive• Aerospace.

ADDRESSNingbo Morsh Technology Co., Ltd.Cixi CityZhejiang Province Ci Dongbin Sea Days RoadChinaT: +86-574-27850877

WEBhttp://morsh.com.cn

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NNCrystal US Corp. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONArkansas-based NNCrystal US Corp. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hangzhou Nanjing Technology Ltd. and an exclusive licensee of advanced materials synthesis technology from NN-Labs LLC.

PRODUCTSNNCrystal is the owner of two patented and trademarked technology platforms for solid-state lighting applications-Qshift Lucid and Qshift Coral. NNCrystal is focused on leveraging its advanced materials ca-pabilities to deliver breakthrough, differentiated and sustainable solutions to the global lighting industry.

ADDRESSNNCrystal US Corp.534 West Research Center BlvdSuite 254FayettevilleUSA Tel: +1 5854908833

WEBwww.nncrystal.com

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NN-Labs LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNN-Labs LLC is a developer of advanced functional materials including semiconductor, noble metal and magnetic metal oxide nanocrystals.

PRODUCTSCdTeNN-Labs have developed high-quality cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystals for solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. InP/ZnSNN-Labs, LLC produces indium phosphide-based quantum dots as a new environmentally-friendly, heavy metal-free, high performance alternative to cadmium selenide-based (CdSe) quantum dots.

D-dots™Doped semiconductor nanocrystals without the presence of any heavy metal ions, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), or lead (Pb).

ADDRESSNN-LabsPO Box 2168Fayetteville, AR 72702-2168USATel: +1 479-595-0662

WEBwww.nn-labs.com

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Nokia STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNokia Research Center (NRC) is chartered with exploring new frontiers for mobility, solving scientific challenges to transform the converging Internet and communications industries. NRC consists of a global research network with some 500 people operating from 13 locations worldwide: Berkeley, Cambridge, Hollywood, and Palo Alto, USA; Cambridge, UK; Lausanne, Switzerland; Helsinki and Tampere, Finland; Nairobi, Kenya; Bangalore, India and Beijing, Shenzhen in China.

PRODUCTSNOKIA Research Center, Eurolab, Cambridge UK is participating in the Graphene Flagship Programme. They are seeking to develop graphene for camera image sensors and other consumer electonics applicai-tons.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics.

ADDRESSNRC Cambridge, UKBroers Building21 J J Thomson AvenueMadingley RoadCambridgeCB3 0FAUnited Kingdom

WEBhttp://research.nokia.com

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OCSiAl

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONOCSiAl is an international technology firm with operations in USA, UK, Germany, South Korea, Russia and headquartered in Luxembourg. Along with TUBALL®, the raw ‘as produced’ SWCNT material, OCSiAl also offers specially purified (up to 99% of SWCNT) and modified nanotubes and master batches. Having al-ready stockpiled a large reserve of carbon nanotubes, OCSiAl has agreed terms with a number of interna-tional partners for joint product development and has signed, or is about to sign, such agreements with some well-established design and technology firms.

PRODUCTSThe company has developed a technology that enables commercial-scale production of single wall car-bon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The group stated that it can produce up to 10 tons of SWNTs per annum. The company’s technique uses catalytic hydrocarbon decomposition, which tends to result in better, higher-quality yields but costs considerably more. The company’s patented process, however, lowers the costs of the technique by reducing the complexity of the catalysts needed.The company claims to have the world’s largest nanotube production facility, Graphetron 1.0, which was launched in November of 2013. The facility is currently producing more than 1 ton of single wall carbon nanotubes per year with a maximum capacity of up to 10 tons per year. In the near future they expect to achieve a target of 30 tons per year. The Company’s product is TUBALL, which contains 75% and more of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and can be used as a universal additive. Free TUBALL samples are available for online order.

ADDRESSOCSIAL USA1804 Embarcadero Rd, Suite 202, Palo Alto, California 94303, USATel: +1 415 906 5271

WEBwww.ocsial.com

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Pacific Light TechnologiesCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONPLT was founded in early 2011 by researchers formerly with SpectraWatt, an Intel spin-off which attempt-ed to develop quantum-dot-enhanced solar cells prior to closing in 2011. In late 2011 PLT acquired the intellectual property of SpectraWatt.

PRODUCTSThe company produces PLT Quantum Dots for solid-state lighting.

ADDRESSPacific Light Technologies 2828 SW Corbett Avenue, Suite 3Portland, OR 97201USATel: +1 (503) 802-0529

WEBwww.pacificlighttech.com

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QD Laser, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONQD Laser, Inc. was launched by Fujitsu and Mitsui Ventures, to commercialise semiconductor lasers and amplifiers using Quantum Dot and Quantum Well structures.

PRODUCTSQuantum dot technologies were developed through an academic-industrial research collaboration by Fu-jitsu Limited, Fujitsu Laboratories, and Professor Yasuhiko Arakawa’s laboratory at the University of Tokyo, supported by a grant from NEDO Japan.

QDL’s Quantum Well laser products encompass Fabry-Perot diodes in the 640nm to 905nm range with outputs of up to 120mW and operating temperatures of up to 70°C. These devices are offered in TO-56 packages with integrated monitor photodiodes in both common-Anode and common-Cathode configu-rations. QD Laser also offer a range of Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser diodes from 1030nm to 1180nm (Quan-tum Well) and a 1240nm Quantum Dot DFB device. These lasers offer users extremely tight wavelength control by virtue of their precise e-beam grating structures and are suitable for operation in gain-switched modes with pulse lengths from 30ps to 1000ps and can also be directly modulated for pulse lengths in the 1-20ns regime. The lasers are offered in a variety of packages including 14-pin Butterfly with integrated TEC, thermistor, monitor photodiode, isolator and polarisation maintaining fibre pigtail. They are ideally suited for use as seeds in fibre laser products. QDL also offer a combined DFB/SOA (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier) laser in 14-pin Butterfly package which is rated at 100mW CW. QDL’s Compact Visible Modules (CVMs) combine an NIR DFB/SOA device with Waveguide Periodically-Poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) frequency doubling to produce up to 50mW CW at 532nm, 561nm and 594nm in an extremely compact (<4x6x22mm) package. These lasers exhibit extremely fast stabilisation times (effectively zero) along with excellent stability in CW mode and can be modulated at up to 100MHz with extinction ratios of up to 40dB.

ADDRESSQD Laser, Inc. Keihin Bldg. 1F, 1-1 Minamiwataridacho, Kanagawa-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0855 JapanTel: +81 44 333 3338.

WEBwww.qdlaser.com

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QD Solution Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company has developed a mass production technology for QDs.

PRODUCTSThe company manufactures CdSe quantum dots, mainly for LED applications.

ADDRESSQD Solution59-303 Hanbat National University125, Dongseo-daeroYuseong-guDaejonKorea

WEBwww.qdsnano.com

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QD Vision, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is focused solely on QDs for displays and lighting.

PRODUCTSQD Vision’s Color IQ™ platform enables step-change advances in current generation solutions, such as LCDs, LEDs and even OLEDs, and ultimately a significant leap over these technologies. Leveraging a first-tier patent position in nanotechnology originating at MIT, QD Vision is a privately held company based in Watertown, Mass. QD Vision’s Color IQ ™ product platform exploits the unique light-emitting properties of semiconductor nanocrystals for application in LED-based products, with enhanced color quality, high power efficiency, manufacturing versatility, and design flexibility.

ADDRESSQD Vision Corporate Headquarters313 Pleasant StreetWatertown, MA 02472-2491USATel: +1 6176079700

WEBwww.qdvision.com

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QLight NanotechCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONQlight Nanotech was founded in 2009 by Professor Uri Banin as a spin-off of Yissum, the technology transfer company of Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

PRODUCTSQLight Nanotech is developing quantum dot semiconductor nanoparticles for energy-efficient light sources and displays. The technology can nearly double the battery run time in mobile devices, and reduce by almost half the energy consumption of TV sets. Qlight Nanotech’s film also improves the color quality of the display, thus dramatically upgrading the user’s viewing experience.

ADDRESSHi-Tech ParkGivat RamJerusalem, 91390IsraelTel: +972-2-6584253

WEBhttp://qlightnano.com

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QuNano ABCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in Sweden in 2005, QuNano works to commercialise cutting-edge, proprietary semiconductor and non-semiconductor nanowire technology in diverse fields such as solid state electronics, solid state illumination, highly efficient photovoltaics, and the life sciences.

PRODUCTSDevelop highly sophisticated, reliable and scalable processes to synthesize perfect crystalline nano-scale (< 1 billionth of a meter in diameter) heterostructured semiconductor nanowires. These QuNano semi-conductor nanowires are already en route to finding commercial application in such diverse fields as ultra-high brightness GaN epitaxial nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs), thin-film photovoltaics aerot-axial nanowire conversion enhancers, and new, smaller and faster transistors for low-power consumption electronics etc.

ADDRESSQuNano AB Scheelevägen 17 Ideon Science Park 223 70 Lund Sweden Tel: +46 46 286 4840

WEBwww.qunano.com

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Quantum Materials Corpora-tion, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONQuantum Materials Corporation, Inc. was founded in 2007 and is based in Kingston, Oklahoma.

PRODUCTSQuantum Materials Corporation, Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiary, Solterra Renewable Technologies Inc., manufactures and commercializes tetrapod quantum dots. The company, using a proprietary quantum dot synthesis method adapted to continuous flow chemistry, produces printed thin-film PV quantum dot solar cells, printed electronics, and colloidal tetrapod quantum dots. It focuses on adapting the R2R quantum dot printing presses for printed electronics via precise high-speed printing processes based on technology similar to screen printing.Quantum Materials Corp. has increased capacity equipment and is launching mass production of 250 kilograms of quantum dots per annum. In addition to manufacturing Tetrapod Quantum Dots (TQD) engineered to specific lighting, display and medical applications for leading manufacturers worldwide, QMC is also developing TQD-infused films for medical devices, solid state lighting applications, electronic displays and quantum dot solar cells.

ADDRESSQuantum Materials Corporation, Inc. 12326 Scott Drive KingstonOK 73439United States Tel: +1 214-701-8779

WEBwww.qmcdots.com

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Ras MaterialsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s was founded in 2010 and is a producer of nanosilver.

PRODUCTSECOS silver nanowires & AgPURE silver nanoparticles produced by RAS Materials are used as additives or coatings for polymer materials. ECOS silver nanowires are engineered to have a high electrical conduc-tivity with a low concentration or content of pure silver. AgPURE Nanowires is designed for conductive applications. The silver particles show a very good aspect ratio to comply with the high requirements of future markets. The low amounts of silver enable production of Transparent Conductive Surfaces. These materials are strongly desired components for use in displays, photovoltaics and light emitting diodes (LED), as well as for transparent IR-reflection coatings. AgPURE nanowires are: long and ultrathin conduc-tive wires on the basis of pure silver (scale-bar in image: 1 μm; the length is in the range of 5-20 μm; the diameter is around 100 nm.

ADDRESSRas materials Nussbergerstr. 6bRegensburg93059DEUTSCHLANDTel: +49 941 60 717-42

WEBhttp://rasmaterials.com

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Raytheon CompanyCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe Raytheon Company is a major American defense contractor and industrial corporation with core manufacturing concentrations in weapons and military and commercial electronics.

PRODUCTSRaytheon is developing quantum dot applications in collaboration with Prof. Moungi Bawendi’s Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for imaging systems in military and defence sectors.

ADDRESSRaytheon Company870 Winter StreetWaltham, MA, USA Tel: +1 (781) 933-3564

WEBwww.raytheon.com/newsroom/technology_today/2012_i1/quantom.html

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Samsung

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is a global leader in semiconductor, telecommunication, digital media and digital convergence technologies with 2011 consolidated sales of US$143.1 billion. Employing approxi-mately 206,000 people in 197 offices across 72 countries, the company operates two separate organiza-tions to coordinate its nine independent business units: Digital Media & Communications, comprising Visual Display, Mobile Communications, Telecommunication Systems, Digital Appliances, IT Solutions, and Digital Imaging; and Device Solutions, consisting of Memory, System LSI and LED.

PRODUCTSThe company is working with a number of quantum dots companies to produce displays for televisions.

Samsung is collaborating with SungKyunKwan University of Korea in developing applications of gra-phene for consumer electronics. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology has developed a transistor structure utilizing graphene. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology owns 9 major patents related to the structure and the operating method of the Graphene Barristor.

ADDRESSSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd1320-10, Seocho 2-dong, Seocho-guSeoul 137-857South KoreaT: +82 222550114

WEBwww.samsung.com

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SanDisk Corporation STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONSanDisk Corporation is an American multinational corporation that designs, develops and manufactures data storage solutions in a range of form factors using the flash memory, controller and firmware tech-nologies.

PRODUCTSThe company has R&D in graphene for data storage applications. They have a number of patents in the area.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics.

ADDRESSSanDisk Corporate Headquarters601 McCarthy Boulevard MilpitasCA 95035USA T: +1-408-801-1000

WEBwww.sandisk.com

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Seashell Technologies LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONSeashell Technology LLC was started in 1996 in San Diego, California and is focused on developing na-noscale materials.

PRODUCTSWhile the company manufactures several different types of nanomaterials, they specialize in the produc-tion of silver nanowires. Seashell produces silver nanowires using HiFlex eFilmTM technology. The com- pany’s manufacturing processes can be used to create silver nanorods and nanowires with diameters as thin as 50 nanometers and lengths as great as several hundred microns. Applications are in biomedical, thermal, electronic, metrology, environmental and defense applications.

ADDRESSSeashell Technology, LLC3252 Holiday Ct. # 115La Jolla, California 92037USAT: +1 (858) 638-0315

WEBwww.seashelltech.com

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Showa Denko K. K. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFormed in 1939 by the merger of Nihon Electrical Industries and Showa Fertilizers, Showa Denko K.K. (SDK) manufactures chemical products and industrial materials. SDK’s products serve a wide array of fields ranging from heavy industry to the electronic and computer industries.

PRODUCTSIn 2012, the company decided to focus on its VGCFTM-H grade of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an effort to strengthen its CNT business for resin composite applications. The grade, which has a fibre diameter of approximately 150 nm, is additionally used as an additive in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.

ADDRESSShowa Denko K. K.13-9, Shiba Daimon 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8518 Japan Tel: +81-3-5470-3235

WEBwww.sdk.co.jp/

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Sinovia TechnologiesCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONStart-up producing silver nanowire-based transparent conductive films.

PRODUCTSSinovia Technologies has developed the transparent conductive material that they claim will enable breakthrough, next-generation electronics.

ADDRESSinfo@sinoviatech.com

WEBwww.sinoviatech.com

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Solarno, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONSolarno, Inc., founded in 2005, is a spin-out the UTD-Nanotech Institute with the aim to develop proto-types of solar cells, using advanced nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes sheets and yarns.

PRODUCTSThe company is building and testing prototype tandems comprising Dye Sensitized Cells (DSC) with CIGS(CuInGaSe2 thin film cells) and also Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) cells with CIGS, all having interlayers and top transparent electrode of transparent carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a technology developed in UTD and licensed to SOLARNO Inc.This research on new types of hybrid tandem cells should lead to the understanding of physical process-es at interfaces of carbon nanotube three-dimensional (3-D) networks with organic and dye-sensitized solar cells and will lead to development of thin film, flexible monolithic hybrid multi-junction cells with expected efficiencies of 20-25%.for applications in space, aerospace and terrestrial systems.The company is creating several novel architectures of hybrid monolithic multi-junction solar cells by using sheets of strong, transparent carbon nanotubes (T-CNTs) recently produced at SOLARNO/UTD as a uniform interlayer. Such T-CNTs are dry-spun as a freestanding 3-D aerogel sheet from a forest of mul-tiwall CNTs and have high inherent electrical and thermal conductivities. The SOLARNO/UTD team has demonstrated advantages of flexible and chemically stable T-CNTs, densified from aerogels into 50-100 nm films as anodes in OLEDs.

ADDRESSSolarno, Inc.153 Hollywood DriveCoppellTX 75019USA

WEBwww.solarno.com

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Sony CorporationCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONSony Corporation is a Japanese multinational focused on the electronics, game, entertainment and finan-cial services sectors.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing graphene applications based on Solution-processed TFTs and CVD-grown transparent conductive films.

ADDRESS1-7-1 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan

WEBwww.sony.net

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StoreDot Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONStoreDot Ltd. is a privately owned nanotechnology startup, incorporated in Israel in 2012, which devel-ops technologies that apply bio-organic Nanodots to mobile displays and energy storage devices.

PRODUCTSStoreDot Ltd. produces bio-organic Nanodots. Manufacturing Nanodots is relatively inexpensive as they originate naturally, and utilize a basic biological mechanism of self-assembly. They can be made from a vast range of bio-organic raw materials that are readily available and environmentally friendly. StoreDot develops batteries and displays for smartphones and tablets, designed to replace current technology with more efficient power consumption and better color vividness. StoreDot batteries will be charged much faster than current batteries, and will withstand thousands of charge/discharge cycles, prolonging battery life expectancy considerably. Furthermore, StoreDot paper-thin displays can be designed to be flexible and transparent.

ADDRESSStoreDot Ltd.16 Menachem Begin St.Gamma Building, 4th floorRamat-Gan Israel 5270003Tel: +972-3-5097710

WEBwww.store-dot.com

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TECO Nanotech Co., LtdCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONProducer of carbon nanotubes and equipment systems for synthesis and testing.

PRODUCTSThe company is focusing on the development of carbon nanotube field emission displays. XinNano Ma-terials, Inc. is a joint venture of TECO Nanotech Co., Ltd. and Xintek, Inc. XinNano Materials, Inc. is market leader in producing high quality field emission grade carbon nanotubes (FECNTs) and components for commercial applications such as flat panel displays and X-ray.

ADDRESSTECO Nanotech Co., Ltd6F, No. 156-1, Sungchiang RoadTaipei CityTaiwanT: +88634736200

WEBwwwe.teconano.com.tw

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Texas Instruments, Inc.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONTexas Instruments, Inc. (TI) is the No. 3 manufacturer of semiconductors worldwide after Intel and Sam-sung, the No. 2 supplier of chips for cellular handsets after Qualcomm, and the No. 1 producer of digital signal processors (DSPs) and analog semiconductors.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing large-area monolayer graphene nanoplatelets for electronics applications.

TARGET MARKETS• Semiconductors and electronics.

ADDRESSTexas Instruments, Inc.12500 TI Boulevard Dallas, Texas P.O. Box 660199Dallas, TX 75266-0199.USAT: +1 972-995-2011

WEBwww.ti.com

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Tokushu Tokai Paper Co., Ltd. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is producing carbon nanotube paper.

PRODUCTSCNT paper is processed into sheets, and CNT is uniformly attached to the cellulose fiber surface. In this way, the CNT network is three-dimensionally composed on the paper, thus having the following charac-teristics: 1) High conductivity with high paper strength 2) Effective generation of heat at a lower voltage.

ADDRESSZyouwa Yaesu Build 2-4-1 Yaesu, Chuo-kuTokyoJAPAN

WEBwww.tt-paper.co.jp

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Toray Industries, Inc.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONToray has developed nanostructure controlled films, double walled carbon nanotubes, carbon fiber rein-forced plastics, membrane bio reactors, and an innovative drug delivery system using nanoparticles.

PRODUCTSThe company produced nanofibers for the following applications:• High-performance Air Filters• High-performance Fluid Filters• Medical Substrates

They also produce carbon nanotubes for application in: • Display Materials (electron emission materials)• Fuel Cell Materials (catalyst carriers)• Polymer Additives (electro-conductive, exothermic materials).

ADDRESSToray Industries, Inc.Nihonmbashi Mitsui Tower, 1-1,Nihonbashi-Muromachi 2-chome, Chuo-kuTokyo 103-8666 JapanT: +81 332455538

WEBwww.toray.co.jp

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Unidym, Inc.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces high-purity, electronics-grade carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for its current applica-tions using an in-house, fully-scalable, and proprietary chemical vapor deposition (CVD) production process. Arrowhead Research Corporation is the majority shareholder in Unidym.

PRODUCTSThe company deposits randomly dispersed networks of CNTs using processes that are fully-compatible with low-cost, solution-based processing techniques. These networks are not only highly mechanically robust, but offer tunable electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. The company has proprietary designs for a wide variety of CNT-based products as well as for applications incorporating those products, such as transparent electrodes in solar cells and touch screens, and thin film transistors in OLED and LCD-based displays.Transparent ElectrodesCNT-based transparent electrode intended to replace the indium tin oxide (ITO) currently used in such products as touch screens, LCD displays, solar cells, and solid state (OLED) lighting. Thin Film TransistorsA thin film transistor (TFT) intended to form the backbone of the burgeoning printable electronics indus-try. Fuel CellsCNT-based fuel cells to meet the near-term needs for powering portable electronics and to address the longer-term potential markets associated with the hydrogen-based energy economy.

ADDRESSUnidym, Inc. 1430 O’Brien DriveSuite G Menlo ParkCA 94025USAT: +1 6504621935

WEBwww.unidym.com

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US Nano LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONUS Nano produces semiconducting nanowires.

PRODUCTSCdSe Nanowires CdSe is a semiconductor (type II-VI) with optical absorption in the visible region. CdSe nanomaterials are used in solar cells, electronics, and optical sensors.

ADDRESSUS Nano, LLC1400 E. Angela Blvd., Suite 338South Bend, IN 46617 USAT: +1-574-485-2447

WEBwww. usnanollc.com

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Vorbeck Materials Corporation STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONVorbeck Materials Group was founded in 2006 to commercialize graphene products developed at the University of Princeton.

PRODUCTSVorbeck makes a proprietary form of graphene called Vor-x, containing functional groups. The method used is thermal exfoliation of highly oxidized graphene. It has carried out compounding trials in standard compounding extruders and has also created liquid dispersions. It is currently supplying masterbatch and dispersions for trials at various key customers. Masterbatches are suitable for adding to plastics at rates of up to around 20% by weight, depending on the application. Many applications can be fulfilled with a total weight of Vor-x of well under 1%.

TARGET MARKETS• Printed electronics• Smart packaging• Smart cards• Security & identification labeling.

ADDRESSVorbeck Materials Corporation8306 Patuxent Range Road Unit 105Jessup MD 20794USAT: +1 3014979000

WEBwww.vorbeck.com

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XG Sciences STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONXG Sciences Inc. manufactures and sells xGnP® Graphene Nanoplatelets in bulk powder form as an addi-tive to provide high-strength, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, anti-wear, barrier and other properties for a wide variety of products. We also produce a Silicon/Graphene Anode material and work with customers to develop high-performance electrode materials for Lithium-ion batteries, supercapaci-tors and fuel cells. Additional XG Sciences products are Conductive Inks/Coatings and XGLeafTM Gra-phene Paper for electrical and thermal management in the printing, coating, electronics and composites market. In-house development support and customization for OEM customers is also available.

PRODUCTS1. xGnP® Graphene Nanoplatelets (bulk dry powder) - Grade H – 15 nm thick, surface area of 50 – 80 m2/g- Grade M – 6 nm thick, surface area of 120 – 150 m2/g- Grade C - < 2 microns, surface area of 300, 500 or 750 m2/g2. Dispersions of xGnP® Graphene Nanoplatelets- Aqueous- IPA- Organic solvents- Resins and custom3. XG Leaf – sheet products formulated for specific applications- Electrical resistivity as low as .1 ohms/sq.- Thermal properties tailored for heat dissipation or conductive heating - Barrier properties4. Electrode formulations• AN-S-100 - High Energy Anode - Supercapacitor5. XG Ink• SG-201 - Solvent Based - WG-201 - Water Based

XG Sciences has a production capacity of 80 tons/year of graphene.

TARGET MARKETSComposites, Li-ion Batteries, Supercapacitors, Inks & Coatings, Lubricants, Consumer Electronics and Printed Electronics.

ADDRESSXG Sciences5020 Northwind DriveSuite 212East LansingMI 48823USAT: +1 5172031110

WEBwww.xgsciences.com

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176

Xintek

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company offers high quality and high purity single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nano silver, and nano gold products.

PRODUCTSCurrently, the company has applied nanotechnologies into water-based paint products, silicon wafers and high-energy lithium ion batteries. They are also working with sporting goods manufacturers.Products• Field Emission Grade Carbon Nanotubes• High Quality Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes• Carbon Nanotube AFM tips

The Company develops and manufactures nanomaterial-based field emission technologies and products for a broad range of applications including diagnostic medical imaging, homeland security, and informa-tion display.

ADDRESSXintek 7020 Kit Creek Road Suite 200PO Box 13788Research Triangle ParkNC 27709 USAT: +1 9193139638

WEBwww.xintek.com

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177

XinNano Materials, Inc.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a carbon materials producer .

PRODUCTSField Emission Grade Carbon Nanotubes for the development of field emission display, field emission X-ray system, and field emission lighting unit. Other applications in batteries, super-capacitors and composites. Has also developed carbon nanotube ink that can be easily applied to substrates to pro-duce transparent conducting film (TCF) and anti-static film used for touch panel, flexible display and EMI shielding applications.

ADDRESSNo. 1560, Sec. 1, Jhongshan Rd., Guanyin TownshipTaoyuan County 328TaiwanT: +886-3-4731718

WEBwww.xinnanomaterials.com

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Zeon Corporation

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONZEON CORPORATION is one of the top producers of polymers in the world with plants in Asia, North America and Europe, and Research and Development laboratories in Kawasaki (Japan), Louisville (KY, USA) and Barry (UK). ZEON CORPORATION, with combined sales of over US 2.8 billion, utilizes its expertise and basic position in C4 and C5 chemistry to offer a wide range of products. The company employs approximately 3,200 people worldwide.

PRODUCTSZEON has been participating in projects* sponsored by the Incorporated Administrative Agency New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). Under these projects, ZEON has been developing mass production technology for carbon nanotubes using the innovative Super-Growth Method. This method, discovered in 2004 by a team led by Dr. Kenji Hata at the Incorporated Administra-tive Agency National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), is used to synthe-size single-walled carbon nanotubes. In 2011, ZEON and AIST built a demonstration plant for mass pro-duction funded by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry’s supplementary budget for fiscal 2009, and have been operating the plant and disseminating technology by providing samples.ZEON will build a plant to manufacture high-grade single-walled carbon nanotubes using the Super Growth Method and will leverage technology developed for the construction of the AIST demonstration plant for mass production. The company will also invest in its Tokuyama Plant in Shunan City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, and plans to begin mass production there in the latter half of fiscal 2015.

ADDRESSZEON CORPORATION14F, Shin Marunouchi Center Bldg., 1-6-2, Marunouchi , Chiyoda-ku , TKY , 100-8246 , JapanTel: +81-3-3216-2747

WEBwww.zeon.co.jp

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Zeptor Corporation

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is developing nanomaterials enabled products for lithium batteries, fuel cells and capaci-tors.

PRODUCTSThe company has developed process for embedding highly-conductive carbon nano-fibers (CNF) into metal foil for application in battery anodes.

ADDRESS1430 O’Brien Dr. Suite H, Menlo Park CA, 94025USA

WEBwww.zeptoco.com

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