The Global Facility for Disaster

Reduction and Recovery

Bangladesh: Urban Resilience Project

Marc Forni

Table of Contents

BURP Case Study: GFDRR’s Power to leverage investment and convene partners towards large-scale ambitions Rationale for Engagement

GFDRR’s Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program (URP)

Planned and Proposed Investments

Established Partnerships

Rationale for Engagement

Dhaka city profile

High vulnerability to seismic events

• Dhaka is ranked among the 20 cities most

vulnerable to earthquakes

• No major earthquakes recently, but 3 events in

the past 2 years

• Major fault is less than 60 km from Dhaka

• 15 million inhabitants and widespread poverty

• Challenges of rapid urbanization

• Complex governance structures

One of the fastest growing cities

Bangladesh strengths in DRM

Bangladesh is a leader in coastal DRM

Bangladesh weaknesses in DRM

Brittle structures Flammable Slums

But Dhaka is highly vulnerable to urban disasters

Recurrent fires and building collapse

Rana Plaza – Spring 2013 Factory Fire – Fall 2012

Similar to period between 1875 and 1925

Boston

Toronto

Seattle

Spokane

San Francisco

Baltimore

Tokyo

The Same Causes Apply Today

• Poor implementation and enforcement of building codes

• Land plans were biased by rent seeking and lobbies

• Limited infrastructure to support emergency services

• Emergency service providers were not professionalized

Experts believed cities were doomed to never improve

These are the exact same challenges we help our clients confront

today!

A lack of government responsiveness to the needs of their citizens is at

the source of these fires:

GFDRR’s Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program

Earthquake Risk Mitigation Program

1. Build consensus among stakeholders about seismic risk.

2. Create hazard and vulnerability data platform as a tool for planners,

developers, and policymakers.

3. Generate widespread understanding of seismic hazards and ways in

which risks can be reduced.

4. Develop a seismic engineering certification program to promote

seismic resilient construction.

The program engages stakeholders to increase collective

understanding of risk, identify major disincentives for resilient

development, support planning for prevention, and gradually shift

toward more resilient development.

12

Phased Approach to National Earthquake Risk Management Strategy and Action

Plan

Establishment of Institutional Framework, Data, Communication and Capacity Building Platform

for Multi-stakeholder Engagement

Preliminary Elements for

Dhaka City Strategy

Final Elements for Dhaka

City Strategy

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Education, Communication

and Outreach

Training and Capacity Building Information and Communication

Technology

Platforms for Multi-stakeholder

Engagement

Hazard, Vulnerability and

Risk Analysis

Legal and Institutional

Arrangements

Land Use Planning Disaster Management Systems

Resiliency of Slums and Shelters

Resiliency of Water & Sewage Systems

Development of Dhaka and

National Strategy

Dhaka Earthquake Risk

Management Plan

National Earthquake Risk

Management Strategy

Development of Resiliency

Indicators

Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk

Analysis

Legal and Institutional

Arrangements

Land Use Planning

Capacity Building for Engineers and Builders

Building Code Enforcement and

Implementation Certification of Engineers and

Architects

Training of Masons and Bar Benders

Scaling, Testing

and Validating

Core Elements to Understand Risk

Earthquake Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Analysis • Technical review of studies already completed by other agencies. • Data to provide comprehensive scientific information to relevant decision-makers.

Legal and Institutional Arrangements • Technical review of acts and policies related to disaster risk management.

• Establish clear understanding of institutional linkages and reporting mechanisms.

Land Use Planning • Integrate hazard, vulnerability and risk parameters in existing development plans.

• Develop guidelines and systems for risk-sensitive land use planning.

Disaster/Emergency Management System • Review of current emergency management system and identification of gaps.

• Conceptualize a local Emergency Operations Plan to include Emergency Support Function

System and Incident Response System.

Planned and Proposed Investments

Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program – Phase I

To be implemented by four agencies: The Department of Disaster Management (DDM), Dhaka

North City Corporation (DNCC), the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK), or Capital

Development Authority of GoB, and the Ministry of Planning (PCMU).

$175 million program that seeks to enhance the capacity of relevant

government entities in Dhaka and Sylhet to effectively plan for, respond

to, and recover from, emergency events:

Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program – Phase II

Scaling City-level

Emergency Preparedness &

Response systems by the

strengthening the City

Corporations

1. Seismic vulnerability

reduction and

retrofitting

2. Flood risk mitigation for

Dhaka

Continued technical

assistance to Rajuk, City

Corporations, and Ministry

of Local Government

Phase II will start being implemented in 2016

Established Partnerships

ARUP

• Facilitating urban response units comprising factories and communities;

• Opportunity to scale up efforts under World Bank-financed funding.

Partnerships JICA

GIZ

• Technical Review Panel that will review and sign off on all seismic resilient construction;

• Three areas where URP and UBSP can finance mutually reinforcing and complementary activities: (a) emergency

management and response; (b) retrofitting fire stations; (c) retrofitting private garment factories, schools, public

administrative buildings and infrastructure;

• Tokyo Hub Partnership to act as a facilitator, particularly with respect to outreach events.

• Developing a Property Catastrophe Insurance pool with two objectives;

1) Transfer a portion of Bangladesh’s financial risk to earthquake;

2) Improve the quality of construction by developing a risk-differentiated financial incentive.

WB BURP

RAJUK URU

FSCD

MoHPW/PWD

1) National Level BNBC Enforcement

• HRD (FSCD) • Control Room (incl Mobile)

• Drill Program • Warehouses • Equipment

3) HRD

2) Building Construction

Technical Review Panel (similar to Building Regulatory Authority)

JICA UBSP/WB BURP Establishment of National Coordination Center

Structural Integrity Emergency Response

DSCC

Retrofitting EOC Establish Emergency Operation Center

• DB of Pvt Critical & essential facilities • Survey of structural vulnerability assessment • Data Sharing Platform

RMG Factories

2) Assessment of existing facilities

3) Building Permission & Approval

• Training for URU • Electronic Construction Permitting • Professional Accreditation Program • Training on BNBC to URU • Develop the process, technical criteria for

BNBC enforcement

Sylhet CC

Retrofit/Remediation (approx. 20 factories) New FSCD HQ 14 Fire Stat.

WB BURP JICA UBSP JICA UBSP JICA UBSP

WB BURP

1) Emergency Coordination System

WB

B

UR

P

WB

B

UR

P

WB BURP

4) HRD (PWD/Pvt Engineering firm/Pvt Contractor)

• Training • Seminar • Workshop

JICA UBSP

TRP Review of Design & Construction

Conceptual Collaboration between JICA and WB for Urban Resilience in Bangladesh