The Game Stats

Appendix A: Further Reading

Checkers OrganizationsAmerican Checker Federation (ACF). http://usacheckers.com. Membership in-

cludes the bimonthly ACF Bulletin.English Draughts Association (EDA). http://home.clara.net/davey. Membership

includes the occasional English Draughts Journal.

CheckersIrving Chernev, The Compleat Draughts Player, Oxford University Press, 1981.

A readable and instructive book including the history of the game, openings, strate-gies, endgames, problem solving, and classic games. Chernev is one of the fewplayers to reach the title of master in both chess and checkers.

Robert Pike, Checker Power: A Game of Problem Solving, Charlesbridge Pub-lishing, 1997. Pike has authored a series of readable books on using checkers forproblem solving (and fun).

Robert L. Schuffett, Checkers the Tinsley Way, published privately, 1982. Avail-able through the ACF. This book contains over seven hundred of Tinsley’s games,along with pictures, anecdotes, and statistics from his remarkable career.

Richard Pask, The Legendary MFT, Checkered Thinking, 2007. Available athttp://www.bobnewell.net/nucleus/checkers.php. The most comprehensive collec-tion of material on Tinsley.

Richard Fortman, Basic Checkers, seven volumes, privately published. Availablefrom the ACF and at http://home.clara.net/davey/basicche.html. A detailed intro-duction to the main lines of play of the three-move ballot openings.

Computer Checkers HistoryChristopher Strachey, “Digital Computers Applied to Games,” Faster Than

Thought, B.V. Bowden (editor), Pitman & Sons, London, 1953.Arthur Samuel, “Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Check-

ers,” IBM Journal of Research and Development 3, 1959, pp. 210-229.

549

550

Arthur Samuel, “Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game ofCheckers—Recent Progress,” IBM Journal of Research and Development 11, 1967,pp. 601-617.

Tom Truscott, “The Duke Checkers Program,” Journal of Recreational Mathe-matics 12(4), 1979-80, pp. 241-247.

David N.L. Levy (ed.), Computer Games, Volumes I and II, Springer-Verlag,New York, 1988. Contains the pioneering research papers for computer game play-ing. Volume I contains backgammon, chess, checkers (Strachey’s and Samuel’sworks), and Scrabble. Volume II contains bridge, chemin-de-fer, dama, dominoes,Go, Gomoku, halma, hearts, Othello, poker, push-over, and Qubic.

Solving CheckersThe papers in this section plus earlier CHINOOK-related solving work are avail-

able at http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/˜chinook.Jonathan Schaeffer, Neil Burch, Yngvi Bjornsson, Akihiro Kishimoto, Martin

Muller, Rob Lake, Paul Lu, and Steve Sutphen, “Checkers is Solved,” Science317(5844), 2007, pp. 1518-1522. The definitive article on solving checkers.

Jonathan Schaeffer, Yngvi Bjornsson, Neil Burch, Akihiro Kishimoto, MartinMuller, Rob Lake, Paul Lu, and Steve Sutphen, “Solving Checkers,” InternationalJoint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2005, pp. 292-297. Reportingthe first solved checkers opening, the White Doctor.

CHINOOKThe papers in this section plus additional CHINOOK-related work are available

at http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/˜chinook.Jonathan Schaeffer, Joseph Culberson, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu,

and Duane Szafron, “A World Championship Caliber Checkers Program,” ArtificialIntelligence 53(2-3), 1992, pp. 273-290. The definitive paper on CHINOOK, circa1991. Unfortunately, we haven’t written an update to this paper to reflect work donesubsequently.

Jonathan Schaeffer, Yngvi Bjornsson, Neil Burch, Rob Lake, Paul Lu, and SteveSutphen, “Building the Checkers 10-piece Endgame Databases,” Advances in Com-puter Games 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, pp. 193-210. The paper de-scribes the techniques used to build the ten-piece endgame databases.

Yngvi Bjornsson, Jonathan Schaeffer, and Nathan Sturtevant, “Partial Informa-tion Endgame Databases,” Advances in Computer Games 11, Lecture Notes in Com-puting Science #4250, Springer-Verlag, 2005, pp. 11-22. The techniques used tobuild the partial-information endgame databases.

Jonathan Schaeffer, Robert Lake, Paul Lu, and Martin Bryant, “CHINOOK: TheWorld Man-Machine Checkers Champion,” AI Magazine 17(1), 1996, pp. 21-29.The story of the 1994-95 world championship matches.

Jonathan Schaeffer, Norman Treloar, Paul Lu, and Robert Lake, “Man VersusMachine for the World Checkers Championship,” AI Magazine 14(2), 1993, pp. 28-35. The story of the 1992 world championship match.

One Jump Ahead

Appendix A: Further Reading 551

Programming Computers to Play GamesJonathan Schaeffer and Jaap van den Herik (eds.), Chips Challenging Champi-

ons, Elsevier Science Publishers, 2002. Also appears as a special issue of Artifi-cial Intelligence 134(2), 2002. Contains papers on the latest advances in computergames, including chess, poker, Scrabble, backgammon, and Go.

Peter Frey (ed.), Chess Skill in Man and Machine, Springer-Verlag, New York,1977 (1st edition), 1983 (2nd edition). Although the original edition is over thirtyyears old, this book is still a gem. If you are interested in writing a chess or checkersprogram, the Slate and Atkins paper is a historic landmark.

Journal of the International Computer Games Association (formerly the Journalof the International Computer Chess Association), http://www.cs.unimaas.nl/icga.A quarterly publication describing the latest results and advances in computers play-ing the classic board and card games.

Feng-hsiung Hsu, Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated theWorld Chess Champion, Princeton University Press, 2002. Hsu relates his personalexperiences as part of the DEEP BLUE team.

Solving GamesLinks to all the papers in this section and other solving-related works can be

found at http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/˜chinook.John Romein and Henri Bal, “Solving Awari with Parallel Retrograde Analysis,”

IEEE Computer 36(10), 2003, pp. 26-33. The techniques used to solve Awari.Jaap van den Herik, Jos Uiterwijk, and Jack van Rijswijck, “Games Solved: Now

and in the Future,” Artificial Intelligence 134, 2002, pp. 277-311. Also in ChipsChallenging Champions (see above). An excellent overview of the state of the artfor solving games circa 2001.

Victor Allis, Searching for Solutions in Artificial Intelligence, Ph.D. thesis, De-partment of Computer Science, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Nether-lands, 1994. Allis discusses the techniques he used to solve Qubic and Gomoku,including proof-number search.

The Wikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.org) has an excellent article on the subject(look under “solved board games”).

Artificial IntelligenceStuart Russell and Peter Norvig. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach,

Prentice Hall (multiple editions). A hefty book with both high-level overviews anddetailed information. The best book on the market.

Appendix B: Tinsley’s Record

The sources for this information are Richard Pask’s The Legendary MFT and RobertSchuffett’s Checkers the Tinsley Way.

Year Formative Years (1945-1950) Result W-L-D1945 South Louisiana 1st1945 Ohio State Junior Championship vs. R. McDowell won 7-0-41945 Match vs. Carrol Binsack lost 1-2-71946 Inter-State 1st1946 Cedar Point 1st1946 U.S. National Championship 2nd1947 6th District Championship 1st1947 Chicago Open 1st1947 Ohio State Open 1st1947 U.S. Junior Championship vs. Maurice Chamblee won 3-2-251948 Ohio State Open 1st1948 Cedar Point 1st (tied)1948 U.S. National Championship 1st1949 Ohio State Open 1st1949 Cedar Point 1st1949 Canadian Open 1st1949 6th District Championship 1st (tied)1950 Match vs. Ralph Banks won 1-0-51950 Match vs. Jack Cox won 1-0-51950 Match vs. Roy Hunt won 3-0-111950 Cedar Point 1st1950 Canadian Open 1st1950 U.S. National Championship 5th

553

554

Year Peak Years (1951-1995) Result W-L-D1951 Lakeside 1st1952 Match vs. Maurice Chamblee won 1-0-71952 Lakeside 1st1952 Canadian Open 1st (tie)1952 World Two-Move Championship vs. Newell Banks won 3-0-371952 Match vs. William Fraser won 14-0-261954 Match vs. Alex Cameron won 4-0-81954 U.S. National Championship 1st1955 World Three-Move Championship vs. Walter Hellman won 3-0-351956 U.S. National Championship 1st1957 British Isles matches N/A 13-0-161957 Match vs. James Marshall won 1-0-71958 Match vs. Harold Freyer drawn 0-0-101958 British Open 1st1958 World Three-Move Championship vs. Derek Oldbury won 9-1-241970 Southern States Championship 1st1970 U.S. National Championship 1st1974 Florida Open 1st1974 Lakeside 1st1974 Southern States Championship 1st1974 U.S. National Championship 1st1975 Florida Open 1st1975 Lakeside 1st1975 Southern States Championship 1st1976 Florida Open 1st1977 Florida Open 1st1978 U.S. National Championship 1st1979 World Three-Move Championship vs. Elbert Lowder won 15-0-101981 World Three-Move Championship vs. Asa Long won 3-0-341982 Southern States Championship 1st1982 U.S. National Championship 1st1983 U.S.-Great Britain International match 1st board1985 World Three-Move Championship vs. Asa Long won 6-1-281986 Match vs. Ron King won 3-0-111986 Match vs. J. Wolcott won 2-0-41987 World Three-Move Championship vs. Don Lafferty won 2-0-361989 World Three-Move Championship vs. Paul Davis won 10-0-201989 U.S.-U.S.S.R. match 1st board1990 U.S. National Championship 1st1990 Match vs. CHINOOK won 1-0-131992 Man-Machine World Championship vs. CHINOOK won 4-2-331994 Mississippi State Championship 1st1994 U.S. National Championship 1st-3rd1994 Man-Machine World Championship vs. CHINOOK forfeit 0-0-6

One Jump Ahead

Appendix B: Tinsley’s Record 555

The following is a list of games lost by Marion Tinsley in serious tournamentsand matches. The principal source for this information is Richard Pask’s The Leg-endary MFT.

Year Opponent Event1945 Carrol Binsack Match1945 Carrol Binsack Match1946 Willie Ryan U.S. National Championship1946 Willie Ryan U.S. National Championship1946 Everett Fuller U.S. National Championship1946 Abe Bernstein U.S. National Championship1946 Maurice Chamblee U.S. National Championship1947 Maurice Chamblee U.S. Junior Championship match1947 Maurice Chamblee U.S. Junior Championship match1947 Perry Gray Ohio State Open1947 Bobby Martin Chicago Open1948 E. Zuber Ohio State Open1948 George Farley Cedar Point1949 Roy Hunt 6th District Championship1949 Barney Talis Ohio State Open1950 Alex Cameron U.S. National Championship1950 George McRitchie Canadian Open1958 Derek Oldbury World Three-Move Championship1975 Everett Fuller Florida Open1985 Asa Long World Three-Move Championship1992 CHINOOK World Man-Machine Championship match, game 81992 CHINOOK World Man-Machine Championship match, game 14

Richard Pask records Tinsley losses in the following casual games:

Year Opponent Type of Game1945 Asa Long practice1946 W. Stacey practice1948 G. Bass postal1950 Gilbert Romine simultaneous exhibition1954 Carm Avery simultaneous exhibition1956 P. Thompson practice1957 R. Surgenour simultaneous exhibition1960 P. Thompson practice1980 Don Lafferty practice

Appendix C: CHINOOK’s Record

Formative Years (1989-1993) Result W-L-D1989 Computer Olympiad 1st1990 Mississippi State Championship 1st1990 U.S. National Championship 2nd1990 Computer Olympiad 2nd1990 Match vs. Marion Tinsley lost 0-1-131991 Match vs. Don Lafferty lost 2-3-111992 Match vs. Asa Long drawn 1-1-181992 Match vs. Jim Loy won 3-0-11992 Southern States Open 1st1992 U.S. National Championship 3rd-8th1992 World Man-Machine Championship vs. Marion Tinsley lost 2-4-331993 Match vs. Don Lafferty lost 1-3-141993 Match vs. COLOSSUS won 9-2-43

Peak Years (1994-1997) Result W-L-D1994 Match vs. Derek Oldbury won 3-0-91994 Match vs. Don Lafferty drawn 0-0-181994 Southern States Open 1st1994 U.S. National Championship 1st-3rd1994 World Man-Machine Championship vs. Marion Tinsley win (forfeit) 0-0-61994 World Man-Machine Championship vs. Don Lafferty drawn 1-1-181995 World Man-Machine Championship vs. Don Lafferty won 1-0-311996 Match vs. Jerry Childers won 8-0-121996 Southern States Open 1st1996 U.S. National Championship 1st1997 Match vs. Ron King won 1-0-1

557

Appendix D: CHINOOK Technical Specifications

Legend

Event: CHINOOK tournaments and matches.Computer: The computer used by CHINOOK for that event. Manufacturers in-

clude:HP = Hewlett-PackardIBM = International Business MachinesSGI = Silicon Graphics InternationalSun = Sun Microsystems

Proc: The number of processors available on the machine and the number actuallyused.

RAM: Machine memory in megabytes.SP: Machine speed as measured using the popular SPECi benchmark. The

larger the number, the faster the computer.Pos: The time in seconds taken by PHOENIX to analyze a standard set of chess

positions. It was tempting to put the CHINOOK numbers here but since theprogram was continually changing, this would be misleading. For exam-ple, before the 1992 Tinsley match the evaluation function was modified,and it became much more expensive to compute.The PHOENIX numbers were compiled by Steve Sutphen. Since 1986 hehas been using an old version of PHOENIX to assess the speed of comput-ers. Note that the SPECi numbers are the published speed of the computer,while the PHOENIX numbers represent the observed speed of a particularapplication. Of interest is that by the SPECi benchmark, the SGI Chal-lenge is faster than the Sun-4/260 by a factor of 94/7 = 13.5. Accordingto the PHOENIX test, a program similar in structure to CHINOOK, the im-provement factor is only 3500/357 = 9.8. For some reason CHINOOK’s andPHOENIX’s performance never quite matched up with the manufacturer’sadvertised claims.

**: Numbers not available.

559

560

Event Computer Proc RAM SP Pos

1989 Computer Olympiad Sun 4/260 1 32 7 3500

1990 Mississippi State IBM RS6000/520 1 32 16 1800

1990 U.S. Championship IBM RS6000/520 1 32 16 1800

1990 Computer Olympiad IBM RS6000/520 1 64 16 1800

1990 Match vs. Tinsley SGI 4D/340 (innisfree) 4/1 64 22 1327

1991 Match vs. Lafferty SGI 4D/340 (innisfree) 4/1 64 22 1327

1992 Match vs. Long SGI 4D/340 (innisfree) 4/1 64 22 1327

1992 Match vs. Loy SGI 4D/340 (innisfree) 4/1 64 22 1327

1992 Southern States SGI 4D/480 8/8 64 25 **

1992 U.S. Championship SGI 4D/480 8/8 64 25 **

1992 Match vs. Tinsley SGI 4D/480 8/8 256 25 **

1993 Match vs. Lafferty HP 9000/720 (hobbema) 1 32 39 629

1993 Match vs. COLOSSUS HP 9000/720 (hobbema) 1 32 39 629

1994 Match vs. Oldbury SGI Challenge 150 MHz (quebec) 20/1 1024 94 357

1994 Match vs. Lafferty SGI Challenge 150 MHz (hawaii) 8/4 512 94 357

1994 Southern States SGI Challenge 150 MHz (hawaii) 8/8 512 94 357

1994 U.S. Championship SGI Challenge 150 MHz 8/8 512 94 357

1994 Match vs. Tinsley SGI Challenge 150 MHz 16/16 1024 94 357

1994 Match vs. Lafferty SGI Challenge 150 MHz 16/16 1024 94 357

1995 Match vs. Lafferty SGI Challenge 150 MHz 8/8 512 94 357

1996 Match vs. Childers SGI Challenge 150 MHz 8/1 192 94 357

1996 Southern States SGI Challenge 150 MHz 8/8 192 94 357

1996 U.S. Championship SGI Challenge 150 MHz 8/8 384 94 357

1997 Match vs. Ron King SGI Challenge 150 MHz 8/8 384 94 357

One Jump Ahead

Appendix E: Tinsley–CHINOOK games

1990 U.S. National ChampionshipTupelo, August 12, 1990

CHINOOK - Tinsley 11. d6-e5 a3-b4 2. f6-g5 c3-d4 3. e5×c3 b2×d4 4. g7-f6 b4-a5 5. b6-c5 d4×b6 6.a7×c5 a1-b2 7. g5-h4 g3-f4 8. f6-g5 f4-e5 9. h8-g7 e3-f4 10. g5×e3 f2×d4×b6 11.b8-a7 b2-a3 12. a7×c5 e5-d6 13. c7×e5 a5-b6 14. g7-f6 b6-a7 15. h6-g5 a7-b8=k16. g5-f4 b8-a7 17. d8-c7 d2-c3 18. c5-d4 c3-b4 19. e7-d6 b4-a5 20. d6-c5 a7-b8 21.c7-d6 b8-c7 22. d4-c3 a5-b6 23. c3-b2 c7-d8 24. f8-e7 b6-a7 25. b2-a1=k a7-b8=k26. a1-b2 e1-d2 27. b2-a1 b8-c7 28. a1-b2 c7-b8 29. b2-a1 b8-c7 30. a1-b2 c7-b831. b2-a1 d8-c7 32. a1-b2 b8-a7 33. b2-a1 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 21. d6-e5 a3-b4 2. f6-g5 b4-a5 3. g5-h4 c3-d4 4. e5×c3 b2×d4 5. g7-f6 a1-b2 6.b6-c5 d4×b6 7. a7×c5 g3-f4 8. f6-g5 d2-c3 9. c5-b4 e1-d2 10. e7-d6 b2-a3 11. f8-e7 a3×c5 12. d6×b4 c3-d4 13. h8-g7 h2-g3 14. c7-b6 a5×c7 15. b8×d6 c1-b2 16.b4-a3 b2-c3 17. a3-b2 c3-b4 18. b2-c1=k d4-e5 19. d8-c7 e5-f6 20. g7×e5 b4-c521. d6×b4 f4×d6×b8=k 22. c1-b2 e3-d4 23. e7-f6 d2-e3 24. b2-c3 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 31. f6-g5 a3-b4 2. e7-f6 b4-c5 3. d6×b4 c3×a5 4. f6-e5 e3-f4 5. g5×e3 d2×f4×d66. c7×e5 a5×c7 7. b8×d6 f2-e3 8. g7-f6 b2-c3 9. f6-g5 g3-f4 10. e5×g3 h2×f4 11.h8-g7 a1-b2 12. g7-f6 c3-d4 13. g5-h4 g1-f2 14. f8-e7 c1-d2 15. f6-e5 d4×f6 16.e7×g5 d2-c3 17. d8-c7 c3-b4 18. c7-b6 b4-a5 19. d6-c5 a5×c7 20. c5-d4 e3×c5 21.g5×e3×g1=k Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 41. f6-g5 a3-b4 2. e7-f6 b4-c5 3. d6×b4 c3×a5 4. f6-e5 e3-f4 5. g5×e3 d2×f4×d66. c7×e5 a5×c7 7. b8×d6 b2-c3 8. g7-f6 a1-b2 9. h6-g5 g3-h4 10. g5-f4 b2-a3 11.h8-g7 f2-g3 12. d6-c5 c3-b4 13. c5-d4 h4-g5 14. f6×h4×f2 g1×e3×c5 15. g7-h6c5-d6 16. f4-g3 h2×f4 17. e5×g3 b4-a5 Draw

561

562

Exhibition MatchEdmonton, December 11-14, 1990

CHINOOK - Tinsley 11. d6-c5 e3-f4 2. c7-d6 f4-e5 3. d6×f4 g3×e5 4. f6×d4 c3×e5 5. e7-f6 d2-c3 6.f6×d4 c3×e5 7. c5-b4 a3×c5 8. b6×d4 h2-g3 9. h6-g5 g3-h4 10. g5-f4 h4-g5 11.b8-c7 e1-d2 12. g7-h6 g5-f6 13. h6-g5 b2-a3 14. c7-b6 e5-d6 15. f8-g7 f6-e7 16.d8×f6 d6-e7 17. f6-e5 e7-f8=k 18. g5-h4 f8×h6 19. f4-g3 f2-e3 20. d4×f2 g1×e321. g3-f2 d2-c3 22. f2-e1=k e3-d4 23. e5-f4 h6-g5 24. f4-g3 d4-e5 25. g3-h2 g5-f426. h8-g7 e5-d6 27. e1-f2 d6-e7 28. f2-g3 f4-e3 29. g7-h6 e7-d8=k 30. g3-f4 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 21. d6-c5 e3-f4 2. c7-d6 f2-e3 3. b6-a5 c3-d4 4. f6-e5 d4×b6 5. a7×c5 b2-c3 6. e7-f6 c1-b2 7. b8-a7 c3-d4 8. e5×c3 b2×d4×b6 9. a7×c5 d2-c3 10. f6-e5 g3-h4 11.e5×g3 h2×f4 12. f8-e7 c3-d4 13. c5-b4 a3×c5 14. d6×b4 d4-c5 15. e7-d6 c5×e716. d8×f6 g1-h2 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 31. d6-e5 g3-h4 2. e5-f4 e3×g5 3. h6×f4 f2-g3 4. e7-d6 g3×e5 5. d6×f4 a3-b4 6.f6-e5 g1-f2 7. c7-d6 b4-c5 8. b6×d4 d2-e3 9. f4×d2 c1×e3×c5×e7 10. f8×d6 h4-g5 11. g7-f6 g5×e7 12. d8×f6 c3-d4 13. e5×c3 b2×d4 14. a7-b6 a1-b2 15. h8-g7h2-g3 16. b8-a7 b2-c3 17. b6-a5 f2-e3 18. a7-b6 g3-f4 19. g7-h6 e1-f2 20. f6-g5f2-g3 21. g5-h4 d4-e5 22. h4×f2 e5×c7 23. f2-e1=k c7-b8=k 24. b6-c5 c3-d4 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 41. d6-e5 g3-h4 2. e5-f4 e3×g5 3. h6×f4 f2-g3 4. e7-d6 g3×e5 5. d6×f4 a3-b4 6. f6-e5 g1-f2 7. c7-d6 b4-c5 8. b6×d4 d2-e3 9. f4×d2 c1×e3×c5×e7 10. f8×d6 h4-g511. g7-h6 f2-g3 12. h6×f4 c3-d4 13. e5×c3 g3×e5×c7 14. b8×d6 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 51. d6-e5 a3-b4 2. f6-g5 b4-a5 3. g5-h4 g3-f4 4. e5×g3 h2×f4 5. g7-f6 c3-d4 6. h8-g7 b2-a3 7. b6-c5 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 a1-b2 9. e7-d6 f4-g5 10. h6×f4 e3×g5×e7 11.d8×f6 b2-c3 12. f6-e5 c3-b4 13. e5-d4 c1-b2 14. g7-f6 d2-e3 15. d6-e5 b4×d6 16.d4-c3 b2×d4 17. e5×c3 d6-e7 18. f8×d6 e3-d4 19. c3-b2 a3-b4 20. b2-c1=k d4-c521. d6-e5 c5-d6 22. e5-d4 d6-e7 23. d4-c3 b4-c5 24. c7-d6 c5-b6 25. d6-c5 e7-f8=k26. c5-b4 f8-e7 27. b8-a7 e7×g5 28. a7×c5 a5-b6 29. b4-a3 g5-f4 30. a3-b2 f4-e531. b2-a1=k e5-d6 32. c5-b4 d6-c5 33. b4-a3 c5-b4 34. c1-d2 b6-c7 35. a1-b2 c7-d8=k 36. b2-a1 d8-c7 37. a1-b2 c7-b6 38. b2-a1 b6-c5 39. a1-b2 c5-b6 40. b2-a1b6-c5 41. a1-b2 c5-b6 42. b2-a1 b6-c5 43. a1-b2 f2-e3 44. d2×f4 b4×d2 45. b2-c1d2-c3 46. c1-d2 c5-b4 47. d2-e3 e1-f2 48. a3-b2 c3×a1 49. e3-d2 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 61. d6-e5 a3-b4 2. f6-g5 b4-a5 3. g5-h4 c3-d4 4. e5×c3 b2×d4 5. g7-f6 a1-b2 6. b6-c5 d4×b6 7. a7×c5 b2-a3 8. e7-d6 d2-c3 9. f8-e7 c3-b4 10. f6-e5 g3-f4 11. e5×g3h2×f4 12. e7-f6 c1-d2 13. h8-g7 f4-g5 14. h6×f4 e3×g5×e7 15. d8×f6 d2-e3 16.f6-e5 a5-b6 17. c7×a5×c3 e3-d4 18. c5×e3 f2×d4×f6×h8=k 19. d6-c5 h8-g7 20.c3-b2 g7-f6 Draw

One Jump Ahead

Appendix E: Tinsley–CHINOOK games 563

Tinsley - CHINOOK 71. f6-g5 c3-d4 2. g7-f6 g3-f4 3. h8-g7 b2-c3 4. g5-h4 c3-b4 5. f6-g5 b4-a5 6. b6-c5d4×b6 7. a7×c5 d2-c3 8. c5-b4 a3×c5 9. d6×b4×d2 e1×c3 10. e7-d6 c3-d4 11.g7-f6 c1-b2 12. d8-e7 h2-g3 13. d6-e5 f4×d6 14. c7×e5×c3 b2×d4 15. e7-d6 g3-f416. b8-a7 a1-b2 17. d6-c5 d4×b6 18. a7×c5 b2-c3 19. c5-b4 c3-d4 20. b4-c3 a5-b621. c3-d2 d4-e5 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 81. f6-g5 c3-d4 2. g7-f6 b2-c3 3. g5-h4 g3-f4 4. h8-g7 c3-b4 5. f6-g5 d2-c3 6. b6-c5d4×b6 7. c7×a5 c1-d2 8. a7-b6 a1-b2 9. d8-c7 b4-c5 10. b6×d4 c3×e5 11. d6-c5 h2-g3 12. e7-d6 b2-c3 13. c5-d4 e3×c5×e7 14. g5×e3×c1=k e5-d6 15. c7×e5e1-d2 16. f8×d6 a3-b4 17. c1×e3 f2×d4×f6×h8=k 18. h4×f2 g1×e3 19. d6-e5Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 91. b6-a5 a3-b4 2. c7-b6 b2-a3 3. f6-e5 g3-f4 4. e5×g3 h2×f4 5. g7-f6 c3-d4 6.a5×c3 d2×b4 7. b6-c5 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 a1-b2 9. f6-e5 f2-g3 10. e7-f6 b2-c3 11.f8-g7 b4-a5 12. b8-c7 c1-d2 13. e5-d4 c3×e5 14. f6×d4×f2 g1×e3 15. g7-f6 g3-h416. h8-g7 f4-g5 17. h6×f4 e3×g5×e7 18. d8×f6 d2-e3 19. g7-h6 e1-d2 20. f6-e5h4-g5 21. h6×f4 e3×g5 22. c5-d4 g5-f6 23. e5-f4 f6-e7 24. d6-e5 e7-f8=k 25. c7-d6a5-b6 26. f4-e3 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 101. b6-a5 a3-b4 2. c7-b6 b2-a3 3. f6-e5 g3-f4 4. e5×g3 h2×f4 5. g7-f6 c3-d4 6.a5×c3 d2×b4 7. b6-c5 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 a1-b2 9. f6-g5 b2-c3 10. h8-g7 g1-h2 11.g7-f6 c1-d2 12. b8-c7 c3-d4 13. g5-h4 d4×b6 14. c7×a5×c3 d2×b4 15. d6-c5b4×d6 16. e7×c5 e1-d2 17. f6-g5 f4-e5 18. d8-c7 e5-f6 19. c7-d6 f6-g7 20. g5-f4e3×g5 21. h6×f4 g7-h8=k 22. c5-d4 a3-b4 23. d4-c3 f2-e3 24. c3×e1=k e3×g5 25.e1-d2 g5-h6 26. d2-c3 b4-a5 27. c3-d4 a5-b6 28. d4-e5 h8-g7 29. d6-c5 b6-c7 30.c5-d4 c7-d8=k 31. d4-e3 d8-c7 32. e3-f2 c7-b6 33. f2-e1=k b6-a7 34. e1-f2 a7-b635. f2-e3 b6-c7 36. e3-f4 Tinsley wins

Tinsley - CHINOOK 111. h6-g5 e3-d4 2. g5-f4 g3×e5 3. d6×f4 a3-b4 4. b6-c5 b4×d6 5. e7×c5×e3 f2×d46. f6-e5 d4×f6 7. g7×e5 c3-d4 8. e5×c3 b2×d4 9. c7-d6 a1-b2 10. h8-g7 g1-f2 11.b8-c7 f2-e3 12. g7-h6 e3×g5 13. h6×f4 e1-f2 14. f8-g7 b2-c3 15. g7-f6 f2-e3 16.f6-g5 d4-e5 17. g5-h4 e3×g5 18. d6×f4 d2-e3 19. f4×d2 c1×e3 20. c7-d6 g5-f621. a7-b6 f6-g7 22. d6-c5 g7-f8=k 23. b6-a5 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 121. h6-g5 e3-d4 2. g5-f4 g3×e5 3. d6×f4 a3-b4 4. b6-c5 b4×d6 5. e7×c5×e3 f2×d46. f6-e5 d4×f6 7. g7×e5 c3-d4 8. e5×c3 b2×d4 9. c7-d6 g1-f2 10. h8-g7 a1-b2 11.a7-b6 b2-c3 12. b8-c7 f2-g3 13. f8-e7 g3×e5 14. d6×f4 e1-f2 15. c7-d6 f2-g3 16.d8-c7 g3×e5 17. d6×f4 c3-b4 18. e7-d6 d2-e3 19. f4×d2 c1×e3 Draw

564

CHINOOK - Tinsley 131. d6-e5 c3-b4 2. e5-f4 g3×e5 3. f6×d4 e3×c5 4. b6×d4 d2-e3 5. c7-b6 e3×c5 6.b6×d4 c1-d2 7. a7-b6 h2-g3 8. g7-f6 b4-c5 9. b6-a5 d2-e3 10. b8-a7 g3-h4 11. f6-e5a3-b4 12. a5×c3 f2-g3 13. d4×f2 b2×d4×f6 14. e7×g5 h4×f6 15. f8-g7 g1×e3 16.g7×e5 a1-b2 17. e5-d4 g3-h4 18. d4×f2 e1×g3 19. d8-c7 b2-c3 20. c7-b6 c5-d6 21.b6-c5 d6-e7 22. a7-b6 e7-d8=k 23. b6-a5 d8-e7 24. c5-b4 c3-d4 25. b4-c3 e7-d6 26.a5-b4 d6-c5 27. b4-a3 d4-e5 28. c3-d2 c5-d4 29. d2-e1=k d4-e3 30. h8-g7 g3-f4 31.a3-b2 e5-d6 32. b2-c1=k d6-e7 33. e1-d2 e7-f8=k 34. d2-c3 f4-e5 35. c1-b2 f8-e736. b2-c1 e7-d6 37. c1-b2 d6-c7 38. b2-c1 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 141. d6-e5 c3-b4 2. e5-f4 g3×e5 3. f6×d4 e3×c5 4. b6×d4 d2-e3 5. c7-b6 e3×c56. b6×d4 c1-d2 7. a7-b6 b4-c5 8. b6-a5 d2-e3 9. b8-a7 a3-b4 10. a5×c3 c5-b6 11.a7×c5 f2-g3 12. d4×f2 b2×d4×b6 13. g7-f6 g1×e3 14. h6-g5 a1-b2 15. h8-g7 g3-f4 16. g7-h6 b2-c3 17. e7-d6 b6-a7 18. g5-h4 e1-f2 19. d6-c5 a7-b8=k 20. f6-g5f4-e5 21. f8-g7 b8-a7 22. d8-c7 a7-b8 23. c7-b6 e5-d6 24. b6-a5 d6-e7 25. c5-b4c3-d4 26. b4-c3 e7-f8=k 27. g5-f4 e3×g5 28. h6×f4 f8×h6 29. f4-e3 b8-c7 30.e3×g1=k Draw

1992 World Man-Machine Championship MatchLondon, August 17-29, 1992

CHINOOK - Tinsley 11. d6-e5 e3-d4 2. c7-d6 d4-c5 3. b6×d4 g3-f4 4. e5×g3 c3×e5×c7 5. b8×d6 h2×f46. f6-e5 f2-g3 7. g7-f6 b2-c3 8. f6-g5 d2-e3 9. a7-b6 c3-b4 10. g5-h4 e1-f2 11. h8-g7b4-a5 12. g7-f6 a5×c7 13. d8×b6 a1-b2 14. f6-g5 a3-b4 15. e7-f6 b4-a5 16. b6-c5a5-b6 17. c5-d4 e3×c5×e7 18. g5×e3 f2×d4 19. h4×f2 g1×e3 20. e5×c3×a1=ke7-d8=k 21. f6-e5 b6-a7 22. h6-g5 a7-b8= 23. e5-f4 e3-d4 24. g5-h4 b8-c7 25. f4-e3c7-d6 26. h4-g3 d6-e5 27. g3-f2 d8-c7 28. f2-e1=k c7-d6 29. e1-d2 d4-c5 30. d2-c3c5-b6 31. c3-b4 b6-c7 32. e3-f2 e5-f4 33. f2-g1=k f4-g3 34. g1-h2 g3-f4 35. h2-g1f4-g3 36. g1-h2 g3-f4 37. h2-g1 f4-g3 38. g1-h2 g3-f4 39. h2-g1 f4-g3 40. g1-h2g3-f4 41. h2-g1 f4-e3 42. g1-h2 e3-f4 43. h2-g1 c7-b8=k 44. g1-f2 b8-a7 45. b4-a5f4-g5 46. f2-g3 d6-e5 47. g3-h2 g5-f4 48. h2-g1 f4-e3 49. g1-h2 e5-f4 50. h2-g1f4-g3 51. f8-e7 g3-f2 52. e7-d6 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 21. d6-e5 e3-d4 2. c7-d6 d4-c5 3. b6×d4 g3-f4 4. e5×g3 c3×e5×c7 5. b8×d6 h2×f46. f6-e5 f2-g3 7. g7-f6 e1-f2 8. a7-b6 b2-c3 9. b6-a5 f2-e3 10. f6-g5 a3-b4 11. e7-f6b4-c5 12. d6×b4 f4×d6 13. f6-e5 a1-b2 14. b4-a3 e3-d4 15. f8-g7 d4×f6 16. g7×e5g3-h4 17. g5-f4 h4-g5 18. f4-g3 g5-f6 19. h6-g5 f6-g7 20. h8×f6 d6-e7 21. d8-c7e7-d8=k 22. c7-b6 d8-e7 23. b6-c5 e7-d6 24. e5-d4 c3×e5×g7 25. g5-h4 d6×b426. a5×c3×e1=k b2-c3 27. g3-f2 g1×e3 Draw

One Jump Ahead

Appendix E: Tinsley–CHINOOK games 565

Tinsley - CHINOOK 31. d6-e5 e3-d4 2. f6-g5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 c3-d4 4. e5×c3 b2×d4 5. g5-h4 g3-f4 6. h8-g7 a1-b2 7. b6-c5 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 f2-e3 9. g7-f6 b2-c3 10. c7-d6 c3-d4 11. c5-b4a3×c5 12. d6×b4 e1-f2 13. b8-c7 d4-e5 14. f6×d4 e3×c5 15. e7-f6 d2-e3 16. b4-c3e3-d4 17. c7-d6 c5×e7 18. f8×d6 f4-e5 19. d6×f4 f2-g3 20. h4×f2 g1×e3×g5×e7Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 41. d6-e5 e3-d4 2. f6-g5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 c3-d4 4. e5×c3 b2×d4 5. g5-h4 g3-f4 6.h8-g7 a1-b2 7. b6-c5 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 f2-e3 9. g7-f6 b2-c3 10. c7-d6 c3-d4 11. c5-b4 a3×c5 12. d6×b4 f4-e5 13. f8-g7 e5-d6 14. e7×c5 d4×b6 15. b8-a7 b6-c7 16.d8×b6 e3-f4 17. b4-a3 d2-c3 18. b6-a5 g1-f2 19. a7-b6 c3-d4 20. f6-g5 f4-e5 21.g5-f4 f2-e3 22. f4×d2 e1×c3 23. h6-g5 e5-d6 24. g5-f4 d6-c7 25. f4-e3 c7-b8=k26. e3-d2 c1×e3 27. a3-b2 b8-a7 28. b2-c1=k a7×c5 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 51. f6-e5 a3-b4 2. g7-f6 b4-a5 3. h8-g7 e3-f4 4. e5-d4 c3×e5 5. f6×d4 b2-a3 6. b6-c5a1-b2 7. c5-b4 a3×c5 8. d6×b4 g3-h4 9. b4-a3 d2-e3 10. c7-d6 e3×c5 11. d6×b4f2-g3 12. b8-c7 g1-f2 13. g7-f6 f2-e3 14. c7-d6 e1-d2 15. f6-e5 b2-c3 16. e7-f6f4-g5 17. h6×f4 e3×g5×e7 18. d8×f6 a5-b6 19. a7×c5 c3×a5 20. e5-d4 a5-b6 21.c5-b4 b6-c7 22. d4-c3 d2-e3 23. c3-d2 e3-d4 24. d6-e5 c1×e3 25. e5×c3 c7-d8=k26. c3-d2 e3-f4 27. d2-e1=k d8-c7 28. f8-e7 c7-d8 29. e1-d2 f4-g5 30. d2-e3 g5-h631. e3-d4 h6-g7 32. d4-c5 g7-h8=k 33.b4-c3 g3-f4 34. a3-b2 d8-c7 35. c5-b4 c7-d836. b4-c5 d8-c7 37. c5-b4 c7-d8 38. b4-c5 d8-c7 39. c5-b4 c7-d8 40. b4-c5 d8-c741. c5-b4 f4-g5 42. b2-c1=k h8-g7 43. f6-e5 g7-f6 44. e5-f4 f6×d8 45. f4-e3 g5-h646. c1-d2 h2-g3 47. c3-b2 h6-g7 48. b2-c1=k g7-f8=k 49. e3-f2 g3-f4 50. c1-b2 f8-e7 51. f2-g1=k f4-g5 52. d2-e3 g5-h6 53. g1-h2 h6-g7 54. e3-f4 g7-f8=k 55. f4-g3Tinsley wins

Tinsley - CHINOOK 61. f6-e5 a3-b4 2. g7-f6 b4-a5 3. b6-c5 b2-a3 4. f6-g5 g3-f4 5. e5×g3 h2×f4 6. h8-g7 c3-d4 7. g7-f6 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 a1-b2 9. f6-e5 b2-c3 10. e5×g3 f2×h4×f6 11.e7×g5 c3-d4 12. b8-a7 d4×b6 13. a7×c5 d2-c3 14. g5-f4 e3×g5 15. h6×f4 c3-b416. f8-g7 g1-f2 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 71. f6-e5 e3-d4 2. d6-c5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 d2-e3 4. c7-d6 c3-d4 5. e5×c3 b2×d4 6.h8-g7 g3-f4 7. g7-f6 h2-g3 8. d8-c7 c1-d2 9. c5-b4 a3×c5 10. d6×b4 f4-e5 11.f8-g7 e3-f4 12. b6-a5 d2-c3 13. b4×d2 e1×c3 14. f6-g5 f2-e3 15. g5-h4 e5-d6 16.h4×f2 d6×f8=k 17. g7-f6 f8-e7 18. f6-g5 e7-f6 19. g5-h4 f6-e7 20. f2-e1=k a1-b221. e1-f2 e7-f8 22. f2-e1 f8-e7 23. h4-g3 b2-a3 24. e1-f2 g1-h2 25. c7-b6 e7-d6 26.f2-e1 f4-e5 27. g3-f2 e5-f6 28. f2-g1=k e3-f4 29. g1-f2 f4-e5 30. h6-g5 f6-e7 31.g5-f4 e7-d8=k 32. f4-e3 e5-f6 33. e3-d2 d6-c5 34. d2-c1=k f6-g7 35. c1-b2 d8-e736. f2-e3 g7-f8=k 37. e3-f4 c5-d6 38. f4-e3 d6-c5 39. e3-f4 c5-d6 40. f4-e3 d6-c5Draw

566

CHINOOK - Tinsley 81. f6-e5 e3-d4 2. d6-c5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 c3-b4 4. c5-d4 g3-f4 5. e5×g3 h2×f4 6.e7-f6 b4-c5 7. f6-g5 f4-e5 8. h8-g7 a3-b4 9. g5-f4 b4-a5 10. h6-g5 b2-a3 11. d4-c3d2×b4 12. b6×d4 a1-b2 13. g5-h4 b4-c5 14. d8-e7 a3-b4 15. f4-g3 c1-d2 16. e7-d6 c5×e7 17. f8×d6×f4 f2-e3 18. d4×f2 g1×e3×g5 19. g3-f2 e1×g3 20. h4×f2d2-c3 21. g7-h6 g5-f6 22. f2-e1=k f6-e7 23. e1-d2 b2-a3 24. d2-c1 c3-d4 25. c1-d2d4-c5 26. d2-c3 CHINOOK wins

CHINOOK - Tinsley 91. d6-c5 g3-h4 2. f6-g5 h4×f6 3. g7×e5 c3-d4 4. e5×c3 b2×d4 5. h8-g7 h2-g3 6.g7-f6 a1-b2 7. c7-d6 b2-c3 8. b8-c7 g3-f4 9. f6-g5 g1-h2 10. g5-h4 f2-g3 11. h4×f2e1×g3 12. b6-a5 d4×b6 13. a7×c5 g3-h4 14. c5-b4 a3×c5 15. d6×b4 e3-d4 16.e7-f6 d4-c5 17. c7-d6 c5×e7 18. f8×d6 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 101. d6-c5 g3-h4 2. f6-g5 h4×f6 3. g7×e5 c3-d4 4. e5×c3 b2×d4 5. h8-g7 h2-g36. g7-f6 a1-b2 7. c7-d6 b2-c3 8. b8-c7 g3-h4 9. f6-g5 h4×f6 10. e7×g5 f2-g3 11.g5-f4 g3×e5 12. d6×f4 e3×g5 13. h6×f4 d2-e3 14. f4×d2 c1×e3 15. c7-d6 e1-d216. d8-e7 d4-e5 17. d6×f4 e3×g5 18. b6-a5 g1-h2 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 111. f6-g5 g3-h4 2. g5-f4 e3×g5 3. h6×f4 c3-d4 4. b6-c5 d4×b6 5. a7×c5 b2-c3 6.d6-e5 c3-b4 7. c7-d6 a1-b2 8. g7-f6 b4-a5 9. h8-g7 b2-c3 10. d8-c7 c3-b4 11. g7-h6f2-g3 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 121. f6-g5 g3-h4 2. g5-f4 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 131. h6-g5 a3-b4 2. b6-c5 b4-a5 3. g5-f4 g3×e5 4. d6×f4 e3×g5 5. f6×h4 d2-e3 6.g7-f6 c3-d4 7. e7-d6 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 b2-c3 9. h8-g7 a1-b2 10. c5-b4 e1-d2 11.d6-e5 b2-a3 12. b8-a7 a3×c5 13. c7-b6 a5×c7 14. d8×b6×d4×b2 c1×a3 15. f6-g5a3-b4 16. g7-h6 b4-c5 17. f8-e7 d2-c3 18. e5-f4 e3-d4 19. e7-f6 h2-g3 20. f4×h2c3-b4 21. f6-e5 d4×f6 22. g5-f4 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 141. h6-g5 a3-b4 2. b6-c5 b4-a5 3. g5-f4 g3×e5 4. d6×f4 e3×g5 5. f6×h4 d2-e3 6.g7-f6 c3-d4 7. e7-d6 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 b2-c3 9. h8-g7 c3-d4 10. c5-b4 e1-d2 11.d6-e5 d4-c5 12. g7-h6 h2-g3 13. h6-g5 a1-b2 14. b4-a3 c5-b6 15. f8-g7 b6-a7 16.c7-d6 a5-b6 17. b8-c7 a7-b8=k 18. c7×a5 b8-a7 19. d8-e7 a7-b8 20. g7-h6 g1-h221. d6-c5 b8-c7 22. e5-d4 c7-d6 23. f6-e5 d6×f8 24. g5-f4 e3×g5 25. h6×f4 f8-e726. c5-b4 d2-c3 27. b4×d2 c1×e3×g5 28. a3×c1=k e7-d6 29. d4-c3 d6×f4 30.c3-d2 g5-f6 31. d2-e1=k f6-e7 32. c1-b2 f4-e3 33. b2-c3 e7-f8=k 34. c3-b4 e3-d4CHINOOK wins

One Jump Ahead

Appendix E: Tinsley–CHINOOK games 567

Tinsley - CHINOOK 151. b6-c5 c3-d4 2. a7-b6 b2-c3 3. f6-g5 d4-e5 4. d6×f4 g3×e5 5. e7-d6 f2-g3 6.d6×f4 g3×e5 7. d8-e7 e1-f2 8. g7-f6 e5×g7 9. h8×f6 c3-b4 10. b6-a5 b4×d6 11.c7×e5 a1-b2 12. b8-c7 b2-c3 13. c7-d6 a3-b4 14. g5-f4 e3×g5 15. h6×f4 f2-e3 16.f4-g3 h2×f4 17. e5×g3 e3-d4 18. d6-e5 c1-b2 19. f8-g7 b2-a3 20. g7-h6 d4-c5 21.e5-d4 c3×e5×g7 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 161. b6-c5 c3-d4 2. a7-b6 g3-h4 3. d6-e5 h2-g3 4. e5×c3 d2×b4×d6 5. e7×c5 b2-c36. b8-a7 c3-b4 7. c5-d4 e3×c5 8. b6×d4 c1-d2 9. f6-e5 d2-c3 10. d4×b2 a1×c311. f8-e7 f2-e3 12. g7-f6 e3-f4 13. c7-d6 e1-f2 14. a7-b6 b4-a5 15. b6-c5 a5-b6 16.c5-d4 a3-b4 17. d4×b2 b4-c5 18. d6×b4 f4×d6×f8=k 19. f6-e5 f2-e3 20. b2-c1=kg1-h2 21. c1-d2 e3-f4 22. e5-d4 f8-g7 23. h8×f6 f4-g5 24. h6×f4 g3×e5×g7 25.d4-e3 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 171. b6-a5 e3-f4 2. c7-b6 f2-e3 3. f6-e5 c3-d4 4. e5×c3 b2×d4 5. g7-f6 f4-e5 6.d6×f4 g3×e5×g7 7. h8×f6 e1-f2 8. d8-c7 a1-b2 9. c7-d6 d4-c5 10. b6×d4 e3×c511. d6×b4 a3×c5 12. b8-c7 f2-e3 13. c7-b6 e3-d4 14. e7-d6 c5×e7 15. f8×d6 h2-g3 16. d6-e5 b2-c3 17. h6-g5 d2-e3 18. b6-c5 d4×b6 19. a7×c5 g1-h2 20. c5-b4Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 181. b6-a5 e3-f4 2. c7-b6 f2-e3 3. b6-c5 c3-d4 4. f6-e5 d4×b6 5. a7×c5 b2-c3 6. e7-f6 c1-b2 7. b8-a7 c3-b4 8. a5×c3 b2×d4×b6 9. a7×c5 d2-c3 10. f6-g5 g3-h4 11.e5×g3 h4×f6 12. g7×e5 h2×f4 13. e5×g3 c3-d4 14. h6-g5 d4×b6 15. g5-h4 e3-f416. d6-c5 e1-d2 17. c5-d4 d2-c3 18. d4×b2 CHINOOK forfeits; Tinsley wins

Tinsley - CHINOOK 191. f6-g5 a3-b4 2. b6-a5 b2-a3 3. a7-b6 e3-d4 4. d6-e5 d4×f6 5. g7×e5 g3-f4 6.g5×e3 f2×d4×f6 7. e7×g5 c1-b2 8. f8-e7 b4-c5 9. b6×d4 c3×e5 10. e7-f6 e5×g711. h8×f6 a3-b4 12. a5×c3 b2×d4 13. c7-d6 a1-b2 14. b8-a7 h2-g3 15. d6-c5d4×b6 16. a7×c5 d2-c3 17. f6-e5 b2-a3 18. c5-d4 g3-h4 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 201. f6-g5 a3-b4 2. b6-a5 b2-a3 3. a7-b6 e3-d4 4. d6-e5 d4×f6 5. g7×e5 g3-f4 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 211. d6-c5 c3-d4 2. f6-e5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 g3-f4 4. e5×g3 h2×f4 5. c7-d6 b2-c3 6.h8-g7 c3-d4 7. g7-f6 f2-g3 8. b6-a5 d4×b6 9. a7×c5 g3-h4 10. d8-c7 a1-b2 11.d6-e5 f4×d6 12. c7×e5 b2-c3 13. e5-f4 e3×g5 14. h6×f4 d2-e3 15. f4×d2 c1×e316. b8-c7 c3-d4 17. c7-b6 e1-d2 18. f8-g7 g1-f2 19. e7-d6 f2-g3 20. d6-e5 d2-c3 21.g7-h6 e3-f4 22. c5×e3 f4×d6 23. e3-d2 Draw

568

Tinsley - CHINOOK 221. d6-c5 c3-d4 2. f6-e5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 d2-c3 4. c7-d6 c3-b4 5. h8-g7 e3-f4 6. g7-f6b4-a5 7. b8-c7 b2-c3 8. c5-b4 a3×c5 9. b6×d4×b2 a1×c3 10. a7-b6 f2-e3 11. b6-c5 e1-d2 12. c5-b4 g3-h4 13. e5×g3 h2×f4 14. f6-e5 g1-h2 15. e5×g3 h2×f4 16.e7-f6 c3-d4 17. f8-e7 f4-g5 18. h6×f4 e3×g5 19. c7-b6 a5×c7 20. d8×b6 g5-h6 21.b4-a3 h6-g7 22. d6-e5 d2-c3 23. e7-d6 g7-f8=k 24. d6-c5 f8-e7 25. c5×e3 e7×g526. e5-f4 g5-f6 27. f4-g3 f6-e5 28. e3-f2 c3-b4 29. b6-a5 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 231. f6-e5 g3-f4 2. e5×g3 h2×f4 3. g7-f6 c3-d4 4. f6-g5 b2-c3 5. g5-h4 c3-b4 6. h8-g7b4-a5 7. g7-f6 d2-c3 8. b6-c5 d4×b6 9. a7×c5 c3-d4 10. b8-a7 d4×b6 11. a7×c5c1-d2 12. f6-e5 f4-g5 13. h6×f4 e3×g5 14. c5-b4 a3×c5 15. d6×b4 a1-b2 16. e7-d6 b2-c3 17. b4-a3 d2-e3 18. a3-b2 e3-d4 19. e5-f4 c3-b4 20. b2-a1=k d4-c5 21.a1-b2 c5×e7 22. f8×d6 g5-f6 23. b2-c3 f6-g7 24. f4-e3 f2×d4 25. c3×e5 e1-d2 26.e5-f4 g7-f8=k 27. d6-e5 b4-c5 28. e5-d4 c5-b6 29. c7-d6 b6-c7 30. d8×b6 a5×c731. d6-c5 f8-e7 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 241. f6-e5 g3-f4 2. e5×g3 h2×f4 3. g7-f6 c3-d4 4. f6-g5 b2-c3 5. g5-h4 c3-b4 6. h8-g7b4-a5 7. g7-f6 d2-c3 8. b6-c5 d4×b6 9. a7×c5 c3-d4 10. b8-a7 d4×b6 11. a7×c5c1-d2 12. f6-e5 g1-h2 13. e5×g3 h2×f4 14. e7-f6 f4-g5 15. h6×f4 e3×g5×e7 16.d8×f6 a1-b2 17. f6-e5 d2-e3 18. f8-e7 f2-g3 19. h4×f2 e1×g3 20. e5-d4 e3-f4 21.c5-b4 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 251. b6-a5 e3-d4 2. f6-e5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 g3-h4 4. e7-f6 h2-g3 5. h8-g7 f2-e3 6. a7-b6 g1-h2 7. b8-a7 c3-d4 8. e5×c3 b2×d4 9. d6-e5 d2-c3 10. c7-d6 c1-d2 11. b6-c5d4×b6 12. a7×c5 e3-f4 13. c5-d4 c3-b4 14. a5×c3 d2×b4 15. h6-g5 f4×h6 16.d4-c3 e1-f2 17. c3-d2 f2-e3 18. d2-e1=k e3-f4 19. e1-f2 b4-c5 20. d6×b4 f4×d621. b4-c3 d6-e7 22. f8×d6 h6×f8=k 23. f6-e5 g3-f4 24. e5×g3 h2×f4 25. d6-c5f4-g5 26. d8-c7 g5-f6 27. c5-d4 Tinsley wins

Tinsley - CHINOOK 261. b6-a5 e3-d4 2. f6-e5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 g3-h4 4. f8-g7 f2-e3 5. g7-f6 h2-g3 6. h8-g7e3-d4 7. a7-b6 g1-h2 8. b8-a7 d2-e3 9. e5-f4 e3×g5 10. h6×f4 g3×e5 11. d6×f4c1-d2 12. e7-d6 d4-e5 13. f6×d4 c3×e5 14. b6-c5 h4-g5 15. c5-d4 g5-f6 16. d4-e3f6×h8=k 17. e3×c1=k h8-g7 18. d6-c5 e5-f6 19. c5-b4 a3×c5 20. c1×a3 g7-h6 21.f4-e3 h6-g5 22. c7-b6 c5-d6 23. a3-b4 d6-e7 24. e3-d2 e1×c3 25. b4×d2 e7-f8=k26. b6-c5 g5-f4 27. a5-b4 h2-g3 28. b4-c3 f4-e5 29. c5-b4 f8-e7 30. b4-a3 e7-d6 31.a3-b2 e5-f4 32. b2-c1=k g3-h4 33. c1-b2 h4-g5 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 271. b6-c5 e3-f4 2. c5-d4 c3×e5 3. f6×d4 d2-c3 4. e7-f6 c3×e5 5. f6×d4 e1-d2 6.g7-f6 f4-e5 7. d6×f4 g3×e5×g7 8. h8×f6 h2-g3 9. f6-e5 a3-b4 10. f8-e7 b4-c5 11.c7-d6 b2-a3 12. d6×b4 a3×c5 13. b8-c7 d2-e3 14. h6-g5 a1-b2 15. c7-b6 c1-d2 16.e7-d6 c5×e7 17. d8×f6 e3×c5 18. b6×d4 d2-e3 19. d4-c3 b2×d4 20. e5×c3 g3-f421. g5-h4 e3-d4 Draw

One Jump Ahead

Appendix E: Tinsley–CHINOOK games 569

CHINOOK - Tinsley 281. b6-c5 e3-f4 2. c5-d4 c3×e5 3. f6×d4 d2-c3 4. e7-f6 c3×e5 5. f6×d4 a3-b4 6.f8-e7 b2-a3 7. e7-f6 c1-d2 8. f6-g5 f4-e5 9. d6×f4 g3×e5 10. a7-b6 b4-a5 11.g5-f4 a3-b4 12. h6-g5 b4-c5 13. g7-h6 c5×a7 14. d4-e3 f2×d4 15. f4-g3 h2×f416. g5×e3×c1=k e5-f6 17. h6-g5 d4-e5 18. g5-h4 g1-f2 19. c7-b6 a5×c7 20.b8×d6×f4 a7-b8=k 21. f4-g3 b8-a7 22. g3-h2 a7-b6 23. h2-g1=k e1-d2 24. c1×e3f2×d4 25. g1-f2 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 291. f6-g5 a3-b4 2. b6-c5 b2-a3 3. g5-f4 g3×e5 4. d6×f4 b4×d6 5. c7×e5 e3×g56. h6×f4 a3-b4 7. d8-c7 a1-b2 8. a7-b6 b2-a3 9. g7-h6 f2-e3 10. h8-g7 e3×g5 11.h6×f4 g1-f2 12. c7-d6 b4-a5 13. b8-c7 d2-e3 14. f4×d2 c1×e3 15. b6-c5 c3-b4 16.e7-f6 f2-g3 17. g7-h6 g3-f4 18. e5×g3 h2×f4 19. f6-e5 e1-d2 20. e5×g3 d2-c3 21.g3-h2 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 301. f6-g5 a3-b4 2. b6-c5 b2-a3 3. g7-f6 b4-a5 4. f6-e5 g3-f4 5. e5×g3 h2×f4 6. h8-g7 c3-d4 7. g7-f6 d4×b6 8. a7×c5 a1-b2 9. f6-e5 b2-c3 10. e5×g3 f2×h4×f6 11.e7×g5 c3-d4 12. b8-a7 d4×b6 13. a7×c5 d2-c3 14. g5-f4 e3×g5 15. h6×f4 c3-b4Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 311. b6-a5 c3-d4 2. d6-e5 b2-c3 3. c7-d6 e3-f4 4. f6-g5 d4×f6 5. g5×e3 f2×d4 6.g7×e5 d4×f6 7. e7×g5 g3-h4 8. g5-f4 c3-d4 9. h8-g7 g1-f2 10. f8-e7 d4-c5 11.d6×b4 a3×c5 12. g7-f6 f2-e3 13. f6-e5 e3×g5 14. h6×f4 e1-f2 15. e5-d4 a1-b2 16.b8-c7 f2-g3 17. f4-e3 d2×f4 18. d4-e3 b2-c3 19. c7-d6 c5-b6 20. a7×c5 c3-d4 21.c5-b4 f4-g5 22. e7-f6 g5×e7 23. d8×f6 d4-c5 24. d6-e5 c5-d6 25. e3-f2 d6-e7 26.f2-e1=k e7-d8=k 27. e1-f2 d8-e7 28. f6-g5 h4×f6 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 321. b6-a5 c3-d4 2. d6-e5 b2-c3 3. c7-d6 e3-f4 4. f6-g5 d4×f6 5. g5×e3 f2×d4 6.g7×e5 d4×f6 7. e7×g5 c3-d4 8. h8-g7 a1-b2 9. g7-f6 d4-c5 10. d6×b4 a3×c5 11.f8-e7 g1-f2 12. b8-c7 f2-e3 13. a5-b4 g3-f4 14. c7-d6 b2-a3 15. d8-c7 e3-d4 16.g5×e3 d2×f4 17. f6-g5 e1-d2 18. g5×e3 d2×f4 19. b4-c3 a3-b4 20. c7-b6 b4-a521. d6×b4 a5×c7 22. e7-f6 c7-d8=k 23. f6-g5 f4-e5 24. g5-f4 d8-e7 25. f4-e3 e7-d626. c3-d2 d6-c5 27. b4-c3 e5-d6 28. d2-e1=k d6-e7 29. e1-f2 e7-d8=k 30. c3-d2 d8-e7 31. d2-e1=k e7-d6 32. e1-d2 c5-b4 33. a7-b6 b4-a5 34. f2-g3 h2×f4 35. d2-c3a5×c7 36. c3×e5×g3 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 331. f6-g5 a3-b4 2. g7-f6 b4-c5 3. d6×b4 c3×a5 4. h8-g7 e3-d4 5. g5-f4 g3×e5 6.b6-c5 d4×b6 7. f6×d4 b2-a3 8. a7×c5 h2-g3 9. e7-f6 a1-b2 10. f6-e5 d2-e3 11.f8-e7 c1-d2 12. e7-d6 e3-f4 13. g7-f6 d2-e3 14. d8-e7 g1-h2 15. b8-a7 a3-b4 16.c5×a3×c1=k e3×c5 17. d6×b4 f4×d6×f8=k 18. f6-g5 g3-h4 19. g5-f4 f8-e7 20.c1-b2 e7-f6 21. b4-c3 f2-g3 22. f4-e3 h4-g5 23. h6×f4 g3×e5 24. c3-d2 e1×c3 25.b2×d4 Draw

570

Tinsley - CHINOOK 341. f6-g5 a3-b4 2. g7-f6 b4-c5 3. d6×b4 c3×a5 4. h8-g7 e3-d4 5. g5-f4 g3×e5 6.b6-c5 d4×b6 7. f6×d4 h2-g3 8. a7×c5 d2-e3 9. e7-f6 b2-a3 10. f6-e5 a1-b2 11.g7-f6 c1-d2 12. f8-e7 d2-c3 13. f6-g5 c3-b4 14. c7-d6 b2-c3 15. d4×b2 e3-f4 16.g5×e3 f2×d4×b6 17. b2-a1=k b6-c7 18. d8×b6 a5×c7 19. e5-f4 g3×e5 20. d6×f4c7-d8=k 21. e7-f6 b4-c5 22. f4-e3 c5-d6 23. a1-b2 d6-e7 24. f6-e5 e7-f8=k 25. e5-d4f8-g7 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 351. b6-a5 e3-d4 2. c7-b6 d2-e3 3. b8-c7 c1-d2 4. f6-e5 d4×f6 5. g7×e5 c3-b4 6.a5×c3 b2×d4×f6 7. e7×g5 g3-h4 8. f8-g7 h4×f6 9. g7×e5 a1-b2 10. h8-g7 b2-c311. g7-f6 h2-g3 12. b6-c5 g3-h4 13. c7-b6 c3-b4 14. e5-d4 b4-a5 15. d6-e5 a5×c716. d8×b6 e3-f4 17. e5×g3 g1-h2 18. d4-e3 d2×f4 19. b6-a5 h4-g5 20. f6×h4 f4-e521. a5-b4 h2×f4 22. b4-c3 e5-d6 23. c3-b2 d6-c7 24. b2-c1=k c7-d8=k 25. c1-b2d8-c7 26. c5-d4 f4-g5 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 361. b6-a5 e3-d4 2. c7-b6 d2-e3 3. b8-c7 c1-d2 4. f6-e5 d4×f6 5. g7×e5 c3-b4 6.a5×c3 b2×d4×f6 7. e7×g5 a1-b2 8. h8-g7 g3-h4 9. g7-f6 b2-c3 10. d6-c5 c3-b4 11. c5-d4 e3×c5 12. b6×d4 f2-e3 13. d4×f2 g1×e3 14. f8-e7 h2-g3 15. f6-e5h4×f6 16. e7×g5 g3-h4 17. g5-f4 e3×g5 18. h6×f4 d2-e3 19. f4×d2 e1×c3 20.e5-f4 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 371. b6-a5 g3-h4 2. d6-e5 h2-g3 3. a7-b6 e3-d4 4. b8-a7 f2-e3 5. c7-d6 e3-f4 6. f6-g5 h4×f6 7. e7×g5×e3 d4×f6 8. g7×e5 d2×f4 9. f8-e7 c1-d2 10. e7-f6 d2-e3 11.b6-c5 c3-d4 12. e5×c3 b2×d4×b6 13. a7×c5 a1-b2 14. f6-e5 b2-c3 15. d8-e7 g3-h4 16. e5×g3 c3-d4 17. c5-b4 a3×c5 18. d6×b4 g1-h2 19. g3-f2 e1×g3 20. b4-c3Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 381. b6-a5 g3-h4 2. d6-e5 h2-g3 3. a7-b6 e3-f4 4. c7-d6 d2-e3 5. b8-a7 c1-d2 6. b6-c5c3-b4 7. a5×c3 b2×d4×b6 8. a7×c5 d2-c3 9. c5-d4 e3×c5 10. d6×b4×d2 f4×d611. e7×c5 e1×c3 12. c5-d4 c3×e5 13. f6×d4 f2-e3 14. d4×f2 g1×e3 15. f8-e7a3-b4 16. g7-f6 e3-d4 17. f6-g5 h4×f6 18. e7×g5 b4-a5 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 391. d6-c5 c3-d4 2. h6-g5 g3-h4 3. g5-f4 e3×g5 4. c5×e3 d2×f4 5. g7-h6 b2-c3 6.c7-d6 a1-b2 7. f6-e5 c1-d2 8. e5×g3 h2×f4 9. h8-g7 c3-d4 10. g7-f6 d4-e5 11.f6×d4 d2-c3 12. d6-e5 f4×d6 13. h6×f4 c3×e5 14. e7×c5 f2-e3 15. f4×d2 e1×c316. b6-a5 h4-g5 17. d8-c7 e5-f6 18. c7-d6 g1-f2 19. d6-e5 f2-g3 20. c5-d4 g5-h6 21.d4-e3 f6-g7 22. e3-f2 g7-h8=k 23. f2-g1=k h8-g7 24. b8-c7 g7-f6 25. c7-d6 f6-d426. d6-c5 d4×b6 27. a7×c5 c3-d4 28. c5×e3 b2-c3 29. e3-d2 g3-h4 30. g1-f2 c3-d431. f2-e3 d4-c5 32. e3-d4 c5-b6 33. d2-e1=k b6-a7 34. e1-f2 a7-b8=k Tinsley wins

One Jump Ahead

Appendix E: Tinsley–CHINOOK games 571

1994 U.S. National ChampionshipDallas, August 1, 1994

Tinsley - CHINOOK 11. d6-e5 e3-f4 2. e7-d6 c3-d4 3. e5×c3 b2×d4 4. b6-c5 d4×b6 5. a7×c5 f2-e3 6.f6-e5 g3-h4 7. e5×g3 h2×f4 8. g7-f6 f4-g5 9. h6×f4 e3×g5×e7 10. d8×f6 a1-b211. h8-g7 b2-c3 12. g7-h6 c3-b4 13. f6-e5 e1-f2 14. e5-f4 d2-c3 15. c7-b6 f2-e3 16.f4×d2 c1×e3 17. b6-a5 e3-f4 18. f8-g7 h4-g5 19. d6-e5 f4×d6 20. h6×f4 d6-e7 21.c5-d4 c3×e5 22. a5×c3 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 21. d6-e5 e3-f4 2. e7-d6 c3-d4 3. e5×c3 b2×d4 4. b6-c5 d4×b6 5. a7×c5 f2-e3 6.f6-e5 g3-h4 7. e5×g3 h2×f4 8. g7-f6 f4-g5 9. h6×f4 e3×g5×e7 10. d8×f6 a1-b211. h8-g7 d2-e3 12. d6-e5 g1-f2 13. f8-e7 b2-c3 14. g7-h6 c1-d2 15. e7-d6 c3-d4 16.e5×c3 d2×b4 17. c7-b6 b4-a5 18. d6-e5 a5×c7 19. b8×d6 e1-d2 20. h6-g5 f2-g321. e5-d4 g3-f4 22. d4×f2 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 31. b6-a5 e3-f4 2. c7-b6 f4-e5 3. d6×f4 g3×e5 4. f6×d4 c3×e5 5. e7-f6 d2-c3 6.f6×d4 c3×e5 7. a5-b4 a3×c5 8. b6×d4 h2-g3 9. h6-g5 g3-h4 10. g5-f4 b2-a3 11.a7-b6 a1-b2 12. b6-a5 e5-d6 13. g7-f6 c1-d2 14. f6-e5 f2-e3 15. d4×f2 g1×e3×g516. e5-f4 b2-c3 17. f4-g3 c3-d4 18. g3-h2 a3-b4 19. a5×c3 d2×b4 20. d8-c7 d4-e5 21. h2-g1=k g5-f6 22. c7-b6 b4-a5 23. b6-c5 a5-b6 24. g1-h2 f6-e7 25. h2-g3e7-d8=k 26. g3-f4 d8-e7 27. c5-d4 b6-c7 28. d4-c3 c7-d8=k 29. c3-b2 e5-f6 30.b2-c1=k f6-g7 31. f8×h6 e7-f6 32. c1-b2 e1-d2 33. f4-g3 d6-e7 34. b2-c1 d2-c3 35.h6-g5 e7-f8=k 36. g5-f4 c3-b4 37. f4-e3 b4-a5 38. c1-b2 d8-e7 39. b2-c3 f6-e5 40.e3-d2 e5-d6 41. d2-e1=k d6-c5 42. g3-f4 a5-b6 43. f4-e5 e7-f6 44. e5×g7 f8×h645. e1-d2 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 41. b6-a5 e3-f4 2. c7-b6 f2-e3 3. b6-c5 c3-d4 4. f6-e5 d4×b6 5. a7×c5 b2-c3 6. e7-f6 c1-b2 7. b8-a7 c3-b4 8. a5×c3 b2×d4×b6 9. a7×c5 d2-c3 10. f6-g5 g3-h4 11.e5×g3 h4×f6 12. g7×e5 h2×f4 13. e5×g3 c3-d4 14. h6-g5 d4×b6 15. g5-h4 e3-f416. d6-c5 e1-d2 17. c5-d4 d2-c3 18. d4×b2 a1×c3 19. h8-g7 a3-b4 20. g7-h6 b4-c521. f8-g7 c3-b4 22. g7-f6 c5-d6 23. g3-f2 g1×e3 24. f6-e5 d6-e7 25. e5×g3 e7-f8-kDraw

1994 World Man-Machine Championship MatchBoston, August 15-16, 1994

CHINOOK - Tinsley 11. b6-c5 c3-d4 2. f6-e5 d4×b6 3. a7×c5 b2-c3 4. e5-f4 g3×e5 5. d6×f4 e3×g5 6.h6×f4 c3-b4 7. c7-d6 f2-g3 8. d8-c7 g3×e5 9. d6×f4 b4×d6 10. e7×c5 a1-b2 11.g7-f6 b2-c3 12. h8-g7 d2-e3 13. f4×d2 c1×e3 14. f6-e5 e1-f2 15. g7-f6 h2-g3 16.c7-d6 g3-h4 17. b8-c7 c3-b4 18. e5-d4 e3-f4 19. d4-c3 f4-g5 20. f6-e5 g5-f6 21.e5-f4 f6-e7 22. c5-d4 g1-h2 23. c3-d2 b4-a5 24. d6-e5 e7-d8=k 25. f4-e3 d8×b6 26.e3×g1=k b6-c5 27. d4-e3 c5-d6 28. e5-d4 h4-g5 29. d2-e1=k g5-f6 30. g1-f2 Draw

572

Tinsley - CHINOOK 21. b6-c5 c3-d4 2. f6-e5 d4×f6 3. g7×e5 b2-c3 4. c7-b6 a1-b2 5. b8-c7 e3-d4 6.c5×e3 f2×d4×f6 7. e7×g5 c3-d4 8. f8-e7 b2-c3 9. h8-g7 g3-h4 10. g7-f6 h2-g311. b6-c5 d4×b6 12. a7×c5 d2-e3 13. d6-e5 g1-h2 14. e7-d6 e1-d2 15. c7-b6 c1-b216. d8-c7 g3-f4 17. e5×g3 h2×f4 18. f6-e5 h4×f6 19. e5×g3 e3-f4 20. g3-f2 f6-e7 21. f2-g1=k d2-e3 22. g1-h2 c3-d4 23. h2-g1 e7-f8=k 24. g1-f2 f8-e7 25. f2-e1b2-c3 26. e1-f2 e7-f6 27. f2-e1 f6-g5 28. e1-f2 g5-h4 29. b6-a5 d4×b6×d8=k 30.f2×d4×b2 d8-c7 31. d6-c5 f4-e5 32. c5-d4 e5-f6 33. d4-c3 c7-d6 34. c3-d2 d6-e535. b2-c3 f6-e7 36. d2-c1=k e7-d8=k 37. c1-d2 d8-c7 38. d2-c1 c7-d6 39. c1-d2d6-c5 40. d2-c1 c5-d4 41. c1-b2 d4-e3 42. b2-c1 h4-g3 43. c1-b2 g3-f4 44. b2-c1e3-d4 45. c3-d2 e5-f6 46. c1-b2 f4-e5 47. d2-c3 d4-e3 48. b2-c1 f6-e7 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 31. d6-e5 e3-d4 2. e7-d6 f2-e3 3. f8-e7 g3-h4 4. e5-f4 e3×g5 5. h6×f4 d4-e5 6.f6×d4 c3×e5 7. e7-f6 g1-f2 8. f6×d4 d2-e3 9. f4×d2 c1×e3×c5×e7 10. d8×f6a3-b4 11. g7-h6 f2-e3 12. c7-d6 b2-a3 13. f6-e5 e3-f4 14. e5×g3 h2×f4 15. h8-g7h4-g5 16. b6-a5 b4-c5 17. d6×b4 a3×c5 18. a5-b4 a1-b2 19. b8-c7 b2-c3 20. b4×d2e1×c3 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 41. d6-e5 e3-d4 2. e7-d6 d2-e3 3. d6-c5 g3-f4 4. e5×g3 h2×f4 5. f6-g5 f2-g3 6. g5-h4 e1-f2 7. g7-f6 c3-b4 8. h8-g7 b4×d6 9. c7×e5×c3 b2×d4 10. b6-c5 d4×b6 11.a7×c5 a1-b2 12. f8-e7 b2-c3 13. e7-d6 c3-d4 14. b8-a7 d4×b6 15. a7×c5 e3-d4 16.c5×e3 f2×d4 17. h4×f2 g1×e3 18. f6-g5 d4-c5 19. d6×b4 Draw

CHINOOK - Tinsley 51. f6-e5 e3-f4 2. b6-c5 f2-e3 3. g7-f6 c3-d4 4. e5×c3 b2×d4×b6 5. a7×c5 a1-b26. f6-e5 b2-c3 7. h8-g7 g3-h4 8. e5×g3 h2×f4 9. g7-f6 c3-b4 10. f6-e5 g1-h2 11.e5×g3 h2×f4 12. e7-f6 f4-g5 13. h6×f4 e3×g5×e7 14. d8×f6 d2-e3 15. c7-b6 e3-f4 16. f6-e5 f4-g5 17. b6-a5 c1-d2 18. a5×c3 d2×b4 19. c5-d4 g5-f6 20. e5-f4 f6-e721. d6-e5 e7-d8=k 22. d4-c3 b4-c5 Draw

Tinsley - CHINOOK 61. f6-e5 e3-f4 2. b6-c5 c3-b4 3. e7-f6 b2-c3 4. f6-g5 d2-e3 5. a7-b6 b4-a5 6. f8-e7 a1-b2 7. b8-a7 c3-b4 8. g7-f6 e1-d2 9. h8-g7 b2-c3 10. g5-h4 e3-d4 11. c5×e3f2×d4 12. h4×f2 g1×e3 13. e5×g3 h2×f4 14. f6-g5 b4-c5 15. d6×b4 a3×c5 16.g5-h4 f4-e5 17. e7-f6 e3-f4 18. h4-g3 c5-d6 19. g3-f2 d6×b8=k 20. b6-c5 d4×b621. f6×d4×b2 c1×a3 22. a7×c5 b8-a7 23. g7-f6 Draw

One Jump Ahead

Appendix F: Proof Statistics

The table on the following page gives statistics for the nineteen openings used tosolve checkers. The columns are as follows:

Proof: The proven value for this opening.Searches: The number of positions handed off by the proof-tree manager to be

searched by the solvers.Max ply: The depth of the longest line searched by the proof-tree manager in the

complete tree built for this opening.Minimal: The size of the proof-tree manager’s search tree once all computations

that are unnecessary for the final result are removed.Max ply: The depth of the longest line searched by the proof-tree manager in the

minimal tree.

Note that the total for a column does not necessarily match the sum of the col-umn entries. When all nineteen openings are merged into one tree, there are someduplicate positions. They have been removed.

573

574

# Opening Proof Searches Max ply Minimal Max ply

1 b6-a5 c3-b4 a5×c3 Draw 736,984 56 275,097 55

2 b6-a5 a3-b4 a7-b6 Draw 1,987,856 154 684,403 85

3 b6-a5 c3-d4 d6-e5 Draw 715,280 103 265,745 58

4 b6-a5 e3-d4 a7-b6 Draw 671,948 119 274,376 94

5 b6-a5 e3-f4 f6-g5 Draw 964,193 85 358,544 71

6 b6-a5 g3-f4 f6-e5 Draw 554,265 53 212,217 49

7 b6-a5 g3-h4 f6-e5 Draw 1,058,328 59 339,562 58

8 b6-c5 e3-d4 c5×e3 ≤Draw 2,202,533 77 573,735 75

9 d6-c5 e3-d4 c5×e3 ≤Draw 1,296,790 58 336,175 55

10 d6-e5 c3-d4 e5×c3 ≤Draw 543,603 60 104,882 41

11 f6-e5 c3-d4 e5×c3 ≤Draw 919,594 67 301,310 59

12 f6-g5 e3-f4 g5×e3 ≤Draw 1,969,641 69 565,202 64

13 h6-g5 g3-f4 b6-a5 Loss 205,385 44 49,593 40

14 h6-g5 g3-f4 b6-c5 ≤Draw 61,279 45 23,396 44

15 h6-g5 g3-f4 d6-c5 ≤Draw 21,328 31 8,917 31

16 h6-g5 g3-f4 d6-e5 ≤Draw 31,473 35 13,465 35

17 h6-g5 g3-f4 f6-e5 ≤Draw 23,803 34 9,730 34

18 h6-g5 g3-f4 g5-h4 ≤Draw 283,353 49 113,210 49

19 h6-g5 g3-f4 g7-h6 ≤Draw 266,924 49 107,109 49

Overall Draw Total Max Total Max

15,123,711 154 3,301,807 94

One Jump Ahead

Index

A Boy From Emporia, xvi, 88, 89ACF Bulletin, xii, 142, 158, 165, 173, 182,

196, 216–218, 240, 273, 343, 416, 443,447, 511, 549

Adams, Michael, 489Ajeeb automaton, 87Albrecht, Karl, 147–152, 157, 162, 164, 171,

177, 179, 181, 185, 187Alekhine, Alexander, 341Allen, James, 42, 431Allis, Victor, 42, 348, 431, 435, 551Alpha-beta search, 68–69, 436American Checker Federation (ACF), xv, 32,

53, 94, 95, 102–103, 112–113, 136, 142,143, 150, 168, 173, 197–198, 214–220,243, 261, 266, 269, 374, 375, 391,407–411, 413, 416–418, 423, 511, 549

Anantharaman, Thomas, 69, 74Anderson, Andrew, 31Artificial intelligence, 7, 9–10, 42, 55–71, 83,

90, 93, 97, 108, 263, 344, 380, 508, 509,518, 526, 551

alpha-beta search, 68–69, 436best-first search, 434brute-force search, 65–66, 68, 70credibility, 59Deep Blue significance, 442depth-first search, 434ends justify the means, 57evaluation function, 17, 60–63, 99, 107–109history heuristic, 69horizon effect, 415illusion of intelligence, 57iterative deepening, 149–150knowledge, 11, 60–65, 69, 71, 249,

448–449, 508

learning, 58, 69, 70, 88, 90, 96, 178–179,448, 451

neural net, 448proof-number search, 435–437, 551reinforcement learning, 451retrograde analysis, 38, 432, 462, 551search, 60, 65–70, 191, 203–204, 225, 249,

271, 348–349, 351–353selective deepening, 203–204singular extensions, 69

Artificial stupidity, 58Atkins, Larry, 378, 551Awari, 42, 430–433, 461–462, 535, 536, 551

Babbage, Charles, 88Backgammon, 15, 40, 73, 76, 435, 445, 447,

451, 550, 551Bal, Henri, 432, 462, 551Balderson, Les, 112–113Banks, Mac, 465Banks, Newell, 124, 242, 447, 554Banks, Ralph, 553Barto, Andy, 451Basic Checkers, 144–145, 148, 153–154, 159,

162, 163, 166, 179–181, 191, 195, 203,244, 266, 267, 273, 274, 278, 283, 355,389, 400, 461, 471, 477, 511, 533, 549

BBN TC2000 computer, 236–237, 239,254–258, 326, 354, 360, 361

Beal, Don, 449Bellman, Richard, 97Berliner, Hans, 73–74, 76–77, 375, 415Bernstein, Abe, 555Berry, Pat, 413Bierman, Alan, 11, 93, 94, 97Billings, Darse, ix, 394, 452, 466, 484, 487,

500, 505

575

576

Binsack, Carrol, 553, 555Bishop, Anthony, 32, 136Bishop, Bob, xv, 252, 283, 324, 328, 345, 358,

380, 390, 392, 418Bit rot, 456, 503Bjornsson, Yngvi, ix, 416, 467–469, 474, 478,

481, 483, 495, 501, 503, 550BKG backgammon program, 73, 76Blakeman, Nelson, 520Blondie24 learning program, 448–450, 509Boland, Ben, 443Boland, Noel, 131, 132, 142Brattin, Don, 369Breen, Patricia, 220Breuker, Dennis, 347Bridge, 15, 40, 198, 445, 550British Draughts Federation (BDF), 391British Draughts Journal, 356Brockington, Mark, 359, 401, 416, 447Brooks, Eugene, xv, 235–236Bruch, Ed, 143, 146–147, 167, 243, 261, 263,

422, 423, 511Brute-force search, 65–66, 68, 70Bryant, Martin, ix, xv, 29, 52, 169–170, 242,

266–267, 329–330, 335–342, 344–346,354–356, 365–367, 375, 376, 380, 383,384, 386–390, 392, 395, 396, 399–402,407, 409, 423, 424, 492, 512, 531–534,550

Bug (programming error), 22, 80–81, 175–176,182, 201, 225, 234, 262–263, 371–372

Burch, Neil, ix, 452, 461, 462, 468–471, 473,474, 477–478, 481, 483–487, 491–498,500, 501, 503, 505, 512, 535–537, 550

Buro, Michael, 445Butler, David, xv, 45–46, 52, 423Buzan, Tony, 129, 252, 324, 328–329, 345,

376, 380, 408, 523

Cameron, Alex, 554, 555Campbell, Murray, 59, 69, 74, 77, 202, 375,

441, 517, 518Capablanca, Jose Raul, 127Carlacci, Franco, 109–110Case, Basil, 285, 447Cash, Murray, 453, 454, 457, 462, 463, 465,

466Caws, Joan, 220Chamberlain, William, 57Chamblee, Maurice, 447, 553–555Channel Tunnel (Chunnel), 224Charosh, Mannis, 27Checkers, viii, 10, 25–33, 40, 52–53

197-year problem, 443–444

3130 endgame, 240–242aging community, 131, 140, 146, 173, 218,

511, 527back rank, 91Black Doctor opening, 63Black Widow opening, 473, 492bridge formation, 269, 349Canadian checkers, 25chess comparison, 31–32, 527cooks, 202, 242, 252, 262, 370, 372, 377,

389, 396–397, 414cramps, 116–117, 164, 396dog-hole, 62, 63, 294Dunne’s trap, 148, 179, 181, 187eleven-man ballot, 30, 110, 464first position, 27–29, 37go-as-you-please (GAYP), 30, 43history, 31International checkers, 25, 26, 40, 102, 347,

511low membership, 102material balance, 61, 262Minotaur opening, 293Octopus opening, 155, 162, 342openings, 29–30, 96, 144–145, 153, 155,

177–178, 180, 198, 268, 443, 464popularity, 198Rattlesnake opening, 388reputation, 29rules, 25–26runaway checker, 61, 349Russian checkers, 511Skullcracker opening, 191–192, 313three-move ballot, 30, 177–178, 202–203,

274, 549tournament atmosphere, 172–173trapped king, 61, 205, 212–213, 320, 415two-for-one, 16, 353two-move ballot, 29–30, 124White Doctor opening, 48–49, 63, 96, 178,

317, 319, 337, 343, 470–471world championship, 30–31, 33, 93, 102,

124–126, 242–243, 421, 554world man-machine championship

(WMMC), 197, 220, 554, 557, 564–572Checkers matches

1934 Long-Banks WCC, 2421948 Long-Hellman WCC, 125, 2421952 Tinsley-Banks WCC, 124, 5541952 Tinsley-Fraser, 124, 5541955 Tinsley-Hellman WCC, 125, 5541958 Tinsley-Oldbury WCC, 125, 297, 554,

5551961 Long-Hellman WCC, 242

One Jump Ahead

Index 577

1976 Oldbury-Levitt GAYP, 1101979 Tinsley-Lowder WCC, 126, 138, 244,

272, 5541981 Tinsley-Long WCC, 126, 242, 5541985 Tinsley-Long WCC, 126, 243, 554,

5551987 Tinsley-Lafferty WCC, 126, 217, 262,

5541989 Tinsley-Davis WCC, 126, 145, 217,

5541990 Tinsley-Chinook, 184–196, 557, 560,

562–5641991 Lafferty-Chinook, 198–199, 204–206,

208–214, 557, 5601991 Oldbury-Hallett WCC, 136, 2521992 Long-Chinook, 557, 5601992 Tinsley-Chinook WMMC, 277–297,

299–321, 527, 532, 554, 555, 557, 560,564–570

1993 Colossus-Chinook, 336–340, 557, 5601993 Lafferty-Chinook, 332–334, 557, 5601993 Oldbury-King GAYP, 3581994 Lafferty-Chinook, 365, 557, 5601994 Lafferty-Chinook WMMC, 390–392,

395–401, 470, 557, 5601994 Oldbury-Chinook, 356–357, 557, 5601994 Tinsley-Chinook WMMC, 377–384,

554, 557, 560, 571–5721995 Lafferty-Chinook WMMC, 412–416,

557, 5601996 King-Lafferty WCC, 4211997 King-Chinook, 445–4462000 Moiseyev-King WCC, 5112002 Moiseyev-Lowder WCC, 5112003 Moiseyev-King WCC, 511

Checkers programsBlondie24, 448–450, 509Borchek, 378Cake++, 463–465Checker Challenger, 136, 163Checker Hustler, 46, 50Checker-Mate, 169Checkers, 42–43, 52, 82, 111, 112, 139, 151,

166, 168, 269, 329, 356, 368, 378, 463Checkers 3.0, 272, 273Checkers Experimental, 139, 143, 145–147,

150, 151, 156–158, 163–168, 243Colossus, 52, 169–171, 177, 220, 242,

265–267, 305, 309, 329–330, 334–343,355, 356, 373, 378, 385, 399, 512,531–533, 557, 560

Duke University (PAASLOW), 63, 64,93–95, 97, 140, 550

KingsRow, 463–465, 478

Nemesis, 453, 457, 463–466Sage Draughts, 50, 52, 356Samuel’s, 16–19, 44, 91–97, 108, 381, 487Tournament Checkers, 45–46, 52Truus, 347, 353Wyllie, 463, 465

Checkers the Tinsley Way, 104–106, 124, 180,200, 549, 553

Checkers tournaments1907 U.S. championship, 1431922 U.S. championship, 2421946 U.S. championship, 124, 553, 5551948 U.S. championship, 124, 5531950 U.S. championship, 124, 126, 553, 5551954 U.S. championship, 125, 5541956 U.S. championship, 125, 5541970 U.S. championship, 126, 5541974 U.S. championship, 126, 5541976 Florida Open, 147, 150, 5541978 U.S. championship, 136, 5541980 U.S. championship, 2421982 U.S. championship, 5541984 U.S. championship, 2421986 U.S. championship, 140, 152, 2171988 U.S. championship, 1451989 Computer Olympiad, 40–46, 50–52,

557, 5601990 Computer Olympiad, 169–171, 220,

557, 5601990 Mississippi State, 131–142, 557, 5601990 U.S. championship, 143–168, 218,

243, 554, 557, 560–5611991 Computer Olympiad, 2421992 Southern States, 259–262, 557, 5601992 U.S. championship, 269–273, 557, 5601994 Southern States, 367–368, 557, 5601994 U.S. championship, 368–375, 470,

554, 557, 560, 5711996 Southern States, 422, 557, 5601996 U.S. championship, 422–423, 476,

557, 5602002 computer championship, 462–466

Chernev, Irving, 549Chess, xiii, 5–6, 10, 12, 15, 26, 29–32, 37–41,

45, 51, 59, 61, 64, 68, 70, 73–74, 102,104, 112, 123, 127–129, 132, 136, 137,140, 144, 161, 167, 172–174, 178, 197,198, 202, 203, 211, 234, 239, 243, 262,265, 289, 325, 339, 341, 345, 351, 392,429, 430, 441, 442, 479, 489, 550–551

Chess programsAwit, 518Bebe, 375Belle, 38, 49, 70, 78, 179, 401, 487

578

Chess 4.x series, 378Coko III, 265Colossus, 335Cray Blitz, 375Deep Blue, 9, 59, 68–70, 78, 202, 247, 248,

393, 421, 441, 442, 445, 489, 509, 551Deep Fritz, 489Deep Thought, 9, 43, 50, 69, 74, 76–77, 82,

108, 109, 202, 303Duchess, 93Genie, 265Hitech, 70, 74, 75, 78, 202, 375Hydra, 70, 78, 489Mephisto, 43Phoenix, 5, 8–9, 13–14, 16, 38, 43, 45, 50,

66, 74, 75, 82, 102, 108, 161, 171, 172,212, 270, 327, 348, 375, 513, 559

Planner, 7, 8Prodigy, 7–8, 49, 74Ribbit, 6, 7Treefrog, 6

Childers, Jerry, 144, 463, 557, 560Chinook, vii, ix, xi–xiii, xv, xvi, 2, 15, 22,

23, 29, 37, 40, 42–55, 61–65, 68–71,73, 75–77, 79–84, 91, 92, 99, 102–104,106–117, 119–121, 129, 131–143,145–172, 174–206, 208–221, 223–225,231, 232, 234–237, 239, 240, 242–245,247–249, 251, 253, 254, 256, 258–297,300–321, 323–345, 348–362, 365–379,381–403, 407–425, 429, 430, 432–434,439–451, 453–457, 459, 463–467,469–471, 473, 474, 477, 480, 481, 487,491, 492, 494–498, 500–505, 507–513,517–521, 523–529, 531–534, 539, 540,543, 544, 550, 554, 555, 557, 559,561–572

1-piece databases, 4010-piece databases, 355, 433, 452, 453, 457,

462, 468–470, 473, 478–483, 506, 55011-piece databases, 482–483, 488197-year problem, 443–4441989 Computer Olympiad, 42–43, 45–46,

103, 212, 280, 557, 5601990 Computer Olympiad, 121, 169–171,

330, 335, 557, 5601990 Mississippi State, 133–142, 557, 5601990 Oldbury practice, 1101990 Tinsley-Chinook, 182–196, 203–204,

332, 557, 560, 562–5641990 U.S. championship, 112–113,

143–168, 187, 368, 369, 441, 557,560–561

1990 checkers conference, 111–112

1991 Lafferty-Chinook, 205–214, 557, 5601992 Long-Chinook, 244–245, 557, 5601992 Loy-Chinook, 557, 5601992 Southern States, 259–264, 269, 270,

305, 377, 557, 5601992 Tinsley-Chinook WMMC, 266,

275–297, 299–321, 327, 330, 332, 369,420, 550, 554, 555, 557, 560, 564–570

1992 U.S. championship, 269–273, 305,368, 369, 377, 421, 557, 560

1993 Colossus-Chinook, 336–340, 557, 5601993 Lafferty-Chinook, 331–334, 557, 5601994 Lafferty-Chinook, 365–366, 399, 557,

5601994 Lafferty-Chinook WMMC, 396–403,

470, 550, 557, 5601994 Oldbury-Chinook, 356–358, 557, 5601994 Southern States, 367–368, 377, 399,

557, 5601994 Tinsley-Chinook WMMC, 376–384,

399, 520, 550, 554, 557, 560, 571–5721994 U.S. championship, 368–375, 377,

399, 470, 557, 560, 5711995 Lafferty-Chinook WMMC, 412–416,

550, 557, 5601996 Childers match, 463, 557, 5601996 Southern States, 422, 424, 557, 5601996 U.S. championship, 422–424, 463,

557, 5601997 Chinook-King, 445–446, 557, 5602-piece databases, 403-piece databases, 404-piece databases, 40, 51, 75, 3555-piece databases, 75–77, 99, 110, 1216-piece databases, 77, 84, 99, 101, 110,

119–121, 135, 145, 166, 176–177, 201,208, 235, 240, 311, 326, 340, 341, 344,355, 356, 465–466

7-piece databases, 84, 176, 201, 202,235–236, 240, 242, 257–258, 265, 275,306, 330, 455–456, 478, 479

8-piece databases, 84, 190, 202, 235–239,242, 248, 254–258, 275, 278, 279, 306,313, 325–327, 330–332, 334–336, 344,355–356, 361, 365, 377, 421, 433, 443,452, 454–457, 465–466, 470, 517–519,521

9-piece databases, 361, 429, 443–445,452–454, 457, 462, 468–469

analysis of Tinsley’s games, 104–107, 470anti-book, 181back rank, 62, 207balance, 207, 208

One Jump Ahead

Index 579

bugs, 40, 80–81, 84, 110, 113–115,117–119, 156, 190, 193, 199–201, 225,245, 247, 264, 304, 306–309, 332–334,348–349, 371–372, 400, 484

cooks, 203, 206, 208, 214, 231, 244, 274,275, 279, 312, 341, 354–356, 365–367,369–371, 374, 377, 381, 383, 389, 392,396, 400, 411–413, 416

cramps, 116–117database notation, 100dog-hole, 62, 207, 294draw score, 258, 330–331, 339endgame databases, 84–85, 117–121, 214,

236, 307, 324, 332–333, 340, 357, 415,452–453, 459, 467–468, 517–518

evaluation function, 17, 19, 61–63, 99,107–109, 206–208, 248–251, 259, 264,270–271, 312, 317, 349–350

evaluation function tuning, 176, 232, 250,251, 451

fudge factor, 152, 154, 164, 175–176, 207,314

Guinness Book of World Records, 442king centralize, 207knowledge, 176, 263–264, 314, 357man-down positions, 261–263, 270, 296,

526material balance, 61, 64, 107, 116, 207, 262,

448, 526mobile king, 62, 207mobility, 207, 208, 249–251naming, 22–23Oldbury, Derek, 47–49, 51–52opening book, 37, 117, 178–181, 187,

200–203, 206, 208, 231–232, 244–245,264, 267–269, 273–275, 279, 312,340–345, 354–357, 365–366, 369–370,377, 381, 383, 400, 411–413, 464

parallel databases, 236, 254, 255, 361parallel search, 231, 234, 258–259, 264,

265, 296, 307, 325, 356, 357, 360, 365,366, 377, 379

partial-information databases, 550Pask, Richard, 44–45playing record, 557PV-extensions, 264random evaluation, 449runaway checker, 61–62, 207, 349–350search, 70, 204, 264, 270–271, 351–354,

357technical specifications, 559–560The Beast, 17, 19–22, 104time usage, 211–212, 264, 301–303, 446Tinsley bias, 312, 314, 317, 319

trapped king, 61, 207, 213, 214, 225, 263,264

turn, 61, 207two-for-one, 353–354web page, 448, 494, 502–504, 521

Chinookitis, 383, 386, 388, 398Clark, Mary, xvi, 385, 417–419Cocke, John, 77, 181–182Cohen, Samuel, 124Computer Museum, 377–378Computer Olympiad, 15, 40–46, 50–52, 242,

330, 335, 431, 432, 531Connect Four, 42, 348, 430–431, 433Conspiracy number search, 434–435Cooper, Bob, 422, 520Cox, Jack, 553Cravens, Howard, 243, 269–271, 273, 274,

281, 294, 296, 511Culberson, Joe, xv, 5, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19,

40, 53, 75, 101–102, 105, 110–112, 174,183, 192, 202, 208, 231, 239, 265, 315,386, 495, 512, 518, 523, 550

Davis, Paul, 126, 143, 145–146, 217, 554Debugging, 114, 118–119, 234, 308–309Devenport, Martin, 285Devlin, Hugh, 243Dewdney, A.K., 60Dodgen, Gil, xv, 42–43, 52, 82, 103, 110–112,

139, 143, 145, 150–151, 156–158, 163,166–167, 169, 241, 269, 272, 329, 356,368, 453–457, 464

Dominoes, 40

Elio, Renee, 63Elo ratings, 243Endgame databases, 37–41, 100–101, 429,

479–481English Draughts Association (EDA),

197–198, 214–216, 218, 266, 324, 391,549

English Draughts Journal, 343, 549Etter, Thomas, 57Everitt, Iris, 503–504Excel spreadsheet program, 227

Farley, George, 555Feigenbaum, Edward, 90, 91Feldman, Julian, 90, 91Ferrie, James, 262Fierz, Martin, 463, 465Fischer, Bobby, 173, 197, 429, 517Fogel, David, 448–450, 453, 509

580

Fortman, Richard, ix, 94, 124, 128, 131,132, 144–145, 153–156, 158, 160, 165,179–180, 182, 204, 208, 215, 239, 244,245, 272–273, 283, 335, 366, 383, 394,412, 447, 533, 549

Four color theorem, 433Franklin, Brother, 410Fraser, William, 124, 554Frey, Peter, 551Freyer, Harold, 128, 243, 511, 554Fudge factor, 152, 154, 164, 175–176, 207,

314Fuller, Everett, 555

Gaines, Judith, 396, 399Galebach, Brian, 241Gardner, Martin, 97Gasser, Ralph, 361, 461Gentleman, Morven, 7Gentlemen’s agreement, 276, 279, 280, 292,

345, 381, 407–410George, Mike, 385, 386Gib bridge program, 445Gilbert, Ed, 463, 465, 478–480, 483, 506Gilberto, Joe, 378, 398Ginsberg, Matt, 445Go, 17, 29, 40, 432–433, 472, 550, 551Goebel, Randy, 8, 474Goetsch, Gordon, 74Gomoku, 42, 348, 430, 431, 433, 550, 551Goodwin, Don, 20Gorda, Brent, xv, 235–236, 238, 334, 412Grandjean, Burke, 94Graph-history interaction (GHI), 471–473, 536Gray, Perry, 555Greiner, Russ, 481Guinness Book of World Records, 243, 244,

442Guo. Yuhong, 481

Hal (2001 movie), 59Hall of Champions, 445–447Hallett, Richard, 136–138, 140–143, 167, 168,

171, 218, 220, 243, 252, 272–273, 368,374–375, 422, 511

Hansen, Ron, 6, 7Hartmann, Dap, xv, 175, 314, 355Hartston, William, 123, 321Hashing, 89–90Hein, Piet, 431Hellman, Walter, 33, 93, 95–96, 125–126, 128,

242, 447, 554Henderson, Angus, 272, 379Hex, 430–431

History heuristic, 69Hoane, Joe, 441Hooper, Charles Alfred, 87Hoover, Thomas, 97Hopper, Grace, 22Hsu, Feng-hsiung, 50, 69, 74, 77, 393, 441,

551Human intelligence, 10–11, 56–57, 203, 528Hunt, Edwin, 447Hunt, Roy, 553, 555Hussain, Donna, 90

iCORE, ix, 451–452, 467, 483, 512, 523IJCAI, 475, 478, 481, 483–484, 492, 550International Checker Hall of Fame, 216, 244,

410, 412, 512International Computer Chess Association

(ICCA), 15, 18, 219, 551Iterative deepening, 149–150

Jansen, Peter, 82–84, 331Jassim, Ayad, 272, 307Jensen, Eric, xv, 93–94, 97Johnson, Howard, 7Johnson, Jack, 394Junghanns, Andreas, ix, xv, 416, 445–448,

452, 467

Kasparov, Garry, 59, 68, 76–77, 102, 173, 247,421, 429, 441, 442

Keene, Raymond, 129, 252, 291, 304, 307,325, 329, 351, 376, 378–381, 386–392,394, 395, 398, 407–410

Keetman, Stef, 347, 350, 353King, Ron, 140, 143, 145, 146, 152–153,

157, 163, 165, 243, 272–273, 358, 368,372–374, 394, 421–423, 445–447, 463,511, 554, 557, 560

Kishimoto, Akihiro, 472–473, 481, 495, 550Knight, Brent, xv, 101–102, 107, 110–111,

117–119, 174, 176–177, 201–202, 208,231, 235, 239, 265, 550

Koestler, Arthur, 528Korf, Richard, xv, 481Kornelson, Randal, xv, 105Kramer, David, xii, xvi, 22Kramnik, Vladimir, 59, 102, 489Kulchitsky, Jamie, 501, 502Kurzweil, Raymond, 97

Lafferty, Don, xv, 126, 128, 132, 168,172–173, 182, 184, 232, 242, 243, 247,251, 259–264, 270, 274–276, 281, 294,296, 300, 302, 329–332, 334–340, 342,

One Jump Ahead

Index 581

358, 359, 361–363, 365–368, 374, 377,383, 384, 391–392, 394, 397, 402, 408,411–413, 417, 421–424, 441, 443–444,447, 511, 519–520, 555

1987 Tinsley-Lafferty WCC, 126, 217, 262,554

1990 U.S. championship, 143, 145–147,151, 156–158, 163–168, 171, 372

1991 Lafferty-Chinook, 198–199, 204–206,208–214, 329, 557, 560

1992 U.S. championship, 2731993 Lafferty-Chinook, 332–334, 557, 5601994 Lafferty-Chinook, 365–366, 557, 5601994 Lafferty-Chinook WMMC, 390–392,

395–402, 408–411, 423, 470, 534, 557,560

1994 U.S. championship, 372–3751995 Lafferty-Chinook WMMC, 412–416,

423, 557, 5601996 King-Lafferty WCC, 421death, 447

Lake, Robert, ix, xv, xvi, 202, 214, 231,234–235, 240, 254, 256–257, 265, 273,302–304, 306, 312, 315, 321, 322,325–328, 330, 333–335, 337–339, 341,348, 351, 360–363, 365–371, 374–376,380, 381, 384, 386, 388–390, 392, 395,397–400, 402, 407, 409, 411–413, 415,418–419, 421, 422, 452, 466, 469, 481,494, 495, 501, 503, 512, 513, 517–521,544, 550

Landry, Tom, 42, 53, 170, 171, 177, 296, 305,323–324

Lane, Winthrop, 274Lang, Richard, 43Larsen, Bent, 74Laverty, Tim, 135–136, 138, 146, 260, 372Lawson, Dominic, 297Lee, Patrick, xv, 40Leopold, Jules, 381Levitt, Leo, 103, 110–113, 115–117, 128, 135,

136, 143, 145, 150, 163, 167, 173, 243,447, 511

Levy, David N.L., xv, 15, 22, 40, 169–171,198, 215, 218–220, 239, 251–253,278–280, 292, 297, 299, 303–306, 308,315, 325, 328–329, 345, 351, 376, 378,380, 381, 383–387, 390–392, 395, 398,409, 410, 475, 512, 531, 550

Lewin, Roger, 97Lincke, Thomas, 432Lindsay, Gene, 146Lines of Action, 467Loew, Milton, 447

Logistello Othello program, 445Long, Asa, xv, 123–126, 143, 156, 158, 167,

168, 184, 218, 242–245, 247–249, 259,260, 263, 319, 408, 447, 511, 526, 554,555, 557, 560

Lowder, Elbert, 94, 110, 126, 138–141, 143,167, 243, 244, 260–261, 263, 265,272–273, 368, 374–375, 447, 511, 554

Loy, Jim, 450, 557, 560Lu, Paul, vii, ix, xv, 107, 109, 111, 121, 125,

169–171, 174, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237,239, 257–260, 263–265, 268–270, 272,273, 277, 288, 289, 291–293, 296–297,299, 302–308, 312, 315, 321, 322, 325,334, 341, 344, 358–360, 365, 366,375, 376, 378–379, 381, 382, 384–386,388–390, 392, 395, 397, 398, 402, 407,409, 451, 452, 469, 481, 495, 501, 512,523–524, 531, 533, 544, 550

Lyman, Al, xii, xiii

Muller, Martin, 472–473, 481, 495, 550

Marchand, Benoit, 354, 358, 378–380, 533Markusic, Ed, 143, 145, 150–151, 167, 243,

269, 273, 274, 511Mars Rover, 227Marshall, James, 554Marsland, Tony, 8, 13, 15, 75, 467, 518Martin, Bobby, 555Marvin Awari program, 432Maven Scrabble program, 445, 447McAllester, David, 434McCarrick, Con, 1, 277, 292, 296, 317, 378McCarthy, John, 442McCarthy, Pat, 53, 294McDermott, Drew, 442McDowell, R., 553McRitchie, George, 555McSherry, Stewart, 360Miller, George, 356, 357Millett, Adrian, 50, 52, 169–170, 356Minsky, Marvin, 380, 487–488Moiseyev, Alex, 511Morrison, Earl, 141, 145, 152Morrison, James, 152–156, 162, 164–165, 167,

171, 243, 272, 273, 422, 511

Multidata Systems International, 228Murakami, Takeshi, 445Myrias Research, 16, 18, 235–237

NASA, 227Nash, John, 431National Institute of Standards and Technology,

230

582

Nealey, Robert, 91–93Newborn, Monroe, 6Newell, Alan, 59Nievergelt, Jurg, 361, 472Nine Men’s Morris, 42, 361, 430, 431, 433,

461Nobel prize, 59, 60, 83, 84, 431North American computer chess champi-

onships, 7, 8, 43, 45, 49, 74, 82, 181,265, 303

Norvig, Peter, 488, 551Nowatzyk, Andreas, 74

Oldbury, Derek, xv, 46–53, 80, 93, 110, 125,136, 139, 143, 146, 169–170, 184, 198,202–203, 215, 216, 218, 220, 241,243, 251–253, 273, 297, 335, 356–358,366–368, 377, 383, 390, 397, 399, 411,421, 447, 464, 470, 511, 554, 555, 557,560

One Jump Ahead, vii, 439–441, 502, 507Optimization game, 78–79, 110, 135, 249, 372Othello, 40, 359, 445, 550Ovenden, Michael, 528

Parallel computing, 9, 232–234, 237–239,308–309, 326, 359–360, 376

Parnas, David, 229Partial-information databases, 482–483, 488Pask, Richard, ix, 13, 44–45, 52–53, 80, 81,

196, 203, 280, 305, 337, 549, 553, 555Patriot missile, 227Payne, William, 27, 31Pearson, George, 337Pentium computer chip, 230Perot, Ross, 32Pike, Robert, 549Pillsbury, Harry Nelson, 87Pitney, Earl, 133–135, 138Plaat, Aske, xv, 416Poker, 15, 40, 394, 452, 484, 505–506, 550,

551Proof-number search, 435–437, 551Propp, Jim, xvi, 126, 129, 172, 377, 396, 401

Qubic, 42, 430, 433, 550, 551

Racter, 57Rec.games.chess, 407, 408, 416, 419Reed, James, 286Regine, Birute, 97Restak, Richard, 97Retrograde analysis, 38, 432, 462, 551Richmond, Catrina, 281, 283

Rippener, Howard, 271Romein, John, 432, 462, 551Rubin, Nathan, 447Russell, Stuart, 488, 551Ryan, Willie, 32–33, 153, 155, 294, 447, 555

Saavedra, Pedro, 420Samuel, Arthur, xvi, 5, 16–19, 22, 44, 52, 77,

87–97, 108, 171–172, 182, 193, 381,451, 487, 488, 509, 549, 550

Schaeffer, Jonathan, vii, 9–12, 172, 176–177,197, 215, 239, 240, 247–248, 256–257,264–266, 271–272, 322, 328–329,345–346, 402, 407, 439–441, 447–448,501, 512–513, 518–521, 523–525, 528,531–537, 539–541, 543–545, 550, 551

1989 Computer Olympiad, 15, 16, 22,42–52, 257, 367, 498

1989 sabbatical, 73–851990 Mississippi State, 131–1421990 Tinsley-Chinook, 182–1961990 U.S. championship, 112–113,

143–168, 4391990 checkers conference, 103–104,

110–1121991 Lafferty-Chinook, 205–2141992 Long-Chinook, 243–2451992 Southern States, 259–2641992 Tinsley-Chinook WMMC, 1–2,

275–297, 299–321, 323–324, 440, 489,527, 544

1992 U.S. championship, 269–2731993 Colossus-Chinook, 330, 335–340, 5321993 Lafferty-Chinook, 331–3341994 Lafferty-Chinook, 365–3661994 Lafferty-Chinook WMMC, 390–392,

396–403, 470, 5341994 Oldbury-Chinook, 356–358, 3831994 Southern States, 367–3681994 Tinsley-Chinook WMMC, 377–390,

533–5341994 U.S. championship, 368–375, 4701995 Lafferty-Chinook WMMC, 412–4161996 Southern States, 4221996 U.S. championship, 422–423, 476, 5193130 article, 240–242analysis of Tinsley’s games, 104–107, 470Bryant deal, 340–345checkers knowledge, 16–17checkers solved, 496–498, 500, 540Chinook naming, 22–23Cocke, John, 77, 181–182Dartmouth conference, 487–488

One Jump Ahead

Index 583

database completion, 40, 119, 350–351,468–470, 482

database errors, 177, 273, 326–327,334–335, 454–457, 478–479, 518

David Fogel, 449–450debugging, 80–81, 114–115, 175–176,

199–201, 237–239, 306–309, 371–372department chair, 474, 481–482, 513entry to 1990 U.S. championship, 102–103evaluation function tuning, 107–109,

450–451finding Norm Treloar, 17–20first position, 27–29game 18 forfeit, 299–307, 323, 400, 440gentlemen’s agreement, 276, 279, 280, 292,

345, 381, 407–410Guinness Book of World Records, 442iCORE, 451–452, 467IJCAI, 475, 478, 481, 483–484, 492Kasparov-Deep Blue, 76–77, 441–442Lafferty death, 447Las Vegas tournament, 462–466losing, 45Maastricht sabbatical, 346–363marriage, 73, 99media, 283, 289–291, 324, 383, 396, 399,

402–403, 442, 448, 503–507, 540meets Tinsley, 131–132minimum openings, 484–485, 492–493Oldbury, Derek, 46–49, 51–52, 251–253,

366–367, 411One Jump Ahead, 439–441opening book, 179–181, 465optimization game, 78–81, 110, 231, 372partial-information databases, 482–483, 488Phoenix, 8–9, 13–14poker, 452, 484, 505–506pre-Chinook days, 5–9Prodigy, 7–8rec.games.chess debate, 392–394, 407research significance, 507–509Science paper, 495, 497, 500–501, 503,

505–507, 523, 540, 550SGI sponsorship, 251–253, 257, 380, 390Simon, Herbert, 83–84Smith, Herschel, 44, 47, 51, 53, 102, 103,

157, 161, 166, 260–261, 268, 381, 388,390, 409, 468–469, 476–477

solving error, 484solving party, 494, 500–501, 506start of project, 5, 13–16The Beast, 17, 19–21, 104Thompson, Ken, 49–50, 487, 496Tinsley death, 417–421

Tinsley forfeit, 387–390, 407–411, 424–425Tinsley illness, 385–387, 389–390, 396–397Tinsley resignation, 215–216turning 50, 501, 503White Doctor solved, 477–478

Schaeffer, Rebecca, ix, 175, 242, 312, 315,316, 321, 333, 346, 350–351, 363, 371,373, 396, 399–401, 407, 423, 474, 478,482–483, 492, 495–498, 500–502, 506,507, 509, 512–513, 539–541, 544–545

Schaeffer, Steph, vii, ix, xv, 14–15, 22, 73, 77,82, 99, 162, 175, 183, 211, 215, 242,253, 257, 263, 267, 289, 312, 315, 316,321, 327, 328, 333, 338, 339, 346–348,350–351, 359, 361–363, 372–373, 396,399, 401, 407, 423, 445, 453, 457, 474,478, 479, 481–483, 491, 492, 495, 497,498, 500–501, 504, 506, 507, 509, 513,519, 539, 543–545

Scheidt, Ed, 178, 239–241, 511Schuffett, Robert, 105, 549, 553Schuurmans, Dale, 481Schwartz, Joe, 138, 145, 157–158, 272, 372Science journal, 495, 497, 500–501, 503,

505–507, 540, 550Scrabble, 40–42, 445, 447, 550, 551Selective deepening, 203–204Shannon, Claude, 87, 88Sheppard, Brian, 445Shogi (Japanese chess), 129, 472Shore, John, 223Silicon Graphics (SGI), xv, 2, 183, 252–253,

257–259, 271–272, 275, 277, 283, 288,291, 296, 299, 304, 307, 308, 324, 326,328, 332, 342, 343, 354, 356, 359–360,365, 376–379, 388, 390, 391, 402, 403,408–410, 412, 462, 559, 560

Simon, Herbert, 59, 83–85, 487Singular extensions, 69Slate, David, 378, 551Smith, Herschel, xv, 44, 47–48, 51, 53, 95–96,

102–103, 111, 157, 161, 166, 216, 217,244, 260–261, 268, 381, 388–390, 409,411–413, 468–469, 476–477, 520–521

Smith, Warren, 400Software engineering, 78–79, 81, 89, 110Softwari Awari program, 432Solving checkers, 12–13, 84, 430, 432–434,

437–438, 550Andreas Junghanns, 448Black Widow opening, 473–474, 478,

484–486, 488, 491, 492, 494–496checkers solved, 496–500

584

Graph-history interaction (GHI), 471–473,484, 495

improved proof numbers, 485–487initial results, 452method, 459–461minimum openings, 484–485, 492–493proof solver, 459proof statistics, 573proof-tree manager, 459, 460, 506proving at least a draw, 488–489research significance, 507–509seeding, 460solver processes, 506solving error, 484threshold, 471White Doctor opening, 470–471, 473–475,

477–479, 482, 484–486Solving games, 430–438, 551

Awari, 431–433, 461–462, 551chess, 432Connect Four, 431, 433conspiracy number search, 434–435decision complexity, 432–433Go, 432–433Gomoku, 431, 433Hex, 430–431Nine Men’s Morris, 431, 433proof-number search, 435–437Qubic, 433search space complexity, 432–433strongly solved, 432tic-tac-toe, 430, 432ultra-weakly solved, 431weakly solved, 431

Southey, Finnegan, 488Space shuttle, 227Spassky, Boris, 173, 197, 517Spielmann, Rudolph, 341Spraggett, Kevin, 64Staples, David, 289–290Steen, Lynn, 97Steinitz, Wilhelm, 430Stiller, Lewis, 39Strachey, Christopher, 88, 549, 550Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars), 229Strimpel, Oliver, 399Stubblefield, Luther, 368Sturtevant, Nathan, 483, 550Sutphen, Steve, xv, 118, 210, 211, 265, 481,

487, 495, 550, 559Sutton, Rich, 451Szafron, Duane, xv, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19, 53,

101, 120, 174, 202, 204–206, 208–211,

213, 231, 239, 251, 265, 386, 452, 484,505, 512, 518, 523, 550

Tal, Mikhail, 128–129Talis, Barney, 555TD-Gammon backgammon program, 445, 447,

451Tesauro, Gerry, 445, 451The Beast, 19–21, 104The Legendary MFT, ix, 549, 553, 555The Turk automaton, 87Therac-25, 227–228Thompson, Ed, 20–21, 38, 40, 43, 53Thompson, Ken, xv, 38, 49–50, 75–78, 99,

105, 179, 196, 401, 412, 416, 487, 496Tic-tac-toe, 430, 441Tinsley, Marion, viii, xi, xv, xvi, 31, 44, 53,

102, 104, 109, 112, 138, 140, 144,146–148, 171, 173–179, 181, 197–202,204, 205, 208, 215, 219–221, 231, 235,237, 239, 240, 242–245, 247, 249, 251,253, 257–268, 271, 273, 274, 323–331,333, 335, 339, 341–346, 349, 350, 355,356, 358, 360–363, 365–368, 370, 372,374, 375, 381, 391–392, 395, 396, 401,407, 415, 416, 420, 422–424, 429–430,434, 439, 441, 447, 454, 470, 480, 486,497, 507, 509–511, 519–521, 523, 524,526, 527, 529, 543–545, 549

1946 U.S. championship, 124, 553, 5551948 U.S. championship, 124, 5531950 U.S. championship, 124, 126, 5531952 Tinsley-Banks WCC, 124, 5541952 Tinsley-Fraser, 124, 5541954 U.S. championship, 125, 5541955 Tinsley-Hellman WCC, 125, 5541956 U.S. championship, 125, 5541958 Tinsley-Oldbury WCC, 125, 297, 470,

554, 5551970 U.S. championship, 126, 5541974 U.S. championship, 126, 5541978 U.S. championship, 5541979 Tinsley-Lowder WCC, 126, 138, 244,

272, 5541981 Tinsley-Long WCC, 126, 242, 5541982 U.S. championship, 5541985 Tinsley-Long WCC, 126, 243, 554,

5551987 Tinsley-Lafferty WCC, 126, 217, 262,

5541989 Tinsley-Davis WCC, 126, 145, 5541990 Tinsley-Chinook, 182–196, 203, 204,

207, 332, 557, 560, 562–564

One Jump Ahead

Index 585

1990 U.S. championship, 143, 145–147,151, 156–168, 171, 176, 183, 372, 554,561

1992 Tinsley-Chinook WMMC, 1–2, 266,275–297, 299–321, 327, 332, 337, 423,440, 527, 554, 555, 557, 560, 564–570

1994 Tinsley-Chinook WMMC, 376–390,396, 408, 423, 429, 533–534, 554, 557,560, 571–572

1994 U.S. championship, 368–375, 377,554, 571

biography, 123–128Boston forfeit, 387–392, 394, 402, 407–413,

424–425death, 417–421Duke program, 94–95Fischer comparison, 173game analysis by Chinook, 106–107, 470gentlemen’s agreement, 276, 279, 280, 292,

345, 381, 407–410illness, 385–387, 389–390, 396–397loss record, 555meets Schaeffer, 131–132Oldbury’s opinion, 252–253playing record, 553–555resigns title, 215–219why was he so good, 128–129

Toyota Motor Corporation, 226Treloar, Norman, ix, xv, 18–20, 22, 27–29, 37,

53, 63, 75, 78, 99, 102, 103, 108–114,116–117, 121, 131–133, 135–137, 139,142–143, 145, 148, 151–152, 155, 156,159, 162–164, 166, 168–172, 174, 176,179, 203–206, 208, 214, 225, 231–232,239, 240, 248–251, 253, 259, 263,264, 267–269, 277–279, 281–286, 289,291–293, 297, 304–305, 308, 310, 312,313, 315, 317, 319, 321, 322, 325, 331,335, 340–345, 348, 411, 439, 451, 512,525–529, 550

Trice, Ed, 241, 453–457Truscott, Tom, xv, 18, 63–64, 93–94, 97, 550Turing Award, 49, 76, 77, 83, 84Turing Test, 57Turing, Alan, 49, 57

Uiterwijk, Jos, 347, 551

Van den Herik, Jaap, xv, 41, 73, 219, 327,346–348, 350, 512, 551

Van der Goot, Roel, 432, 461Van der Meulen, Maarten, 348Van Rijswijck, Jack, 551Vancouver stock exchange, 226Villa, Luigi, 76Von Kempelen, Baron Wolfgang, 87

Walden, Brother, 385, 396, 418, 419Waldteufel, Roberto, 463, 465Walker, Charles, 103, 111–112, 161, 182–183,

185, 192, 193, 197–199, 216, 218–220,242–245, 266, 297, 358, 391, 407–413,439, 475–477, 483, 486, 511–512,520–521

Walker, Deloris, 244, 476, 520Watson, Thomas, 90Webster, John, 372Weiss, Eric, 96Wexler, Norman, 103, 111–112, 117, 135, 136,

180, 243, 381, 511Whelton, Clark, 97Winton, Ronnie, 170–171Wolcott, J., 554Woods, Tiger, 249World computer chess championships, 8, 9, 13,

14, 45, 73–75, 198, 327, 375, 468Wyllie, James, 31

Zuber, E., 555