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TRANSCRIPT
The Future
Is Renewable
Targets and Policies
by Country
Phillip Riley Research Series
Philippines | January 2017
2
Introduction
This Phillip Riley research series is an investigation into the renewable energy policies
of Australia the United States and various Asia Pacific nations The reports look into
the countriesrsquo renewable energy potential climate change targets and the success of
their policy to date Each report focuses on the current and future use of renewable
energy and takes into account the political geographical and economic challenges
unique to each nation
Phillip Riley is a specialist recruitment and consulting practice focusing on the
Renewable Energy amp Energy Efficiency sectors We attract and retain talent across a
broad range of job disciplines including Pre-Construction (Sales Project Development
Corporate Finance) Construction (Construction Commissioning Consulting)
Operations (OampM Energy Information Systems) and Retail (Commercial and Industrial
Solar Energy Efficiency)
Our clients span the breadth of the Renewable Energy generation (Wind Hydro Solar
PV Solar Thermal Bioenergy Wave Tidal) types and includes supporting companies
such as Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) Engineer Procure Construction
(EPCs) Transportation amp Logistics Project Development amp Consulting Firms In
addition we are a recruitment partner to Transmission Distribution amp Energy Retail
companies and have demonstrable track record across the Private Public amp Not-For-
Profit Sectors
To view and download all reports of this Research Series please visit the Research
section of our website at httpphilliprileycomaufeaturedresearch
The Future
is Renewable
Targets and Policies
by Country
Philippines | January 2017
Author
Daila Ziedars
4
Targets and Policies by Country
Philippines
The Philippines is a tropical country made up of thousands of islands in the Pacific
ocean Its location makes it susceptible to natural disasters but it also bestows it with
vast natural resources The nation has acknowledged that it is especially vulnerable to
the effects of climate change particularly rising sea levels and increasing disaster risks
and in light of this the Philippines has made commitments to limit increasing
temperatures and switch to a cleaner energy supply
The Philippines has abundant renewable energy resources and very limited availability
of fossil fuels but the current energy use patterns do not reflect this with the bulk of
electricity generated in the Philippines coming from coal fired power plants The
Philippines has only a small amount of locally available coal so it imports the majority
from Indonesia China and Australia Historically oil-based power generation has also
contributed a great deal to the energy mix and in the past 15 years natural gas has
been used more and more1 The cost of electricity and fuel in the Philippines has long
been high and as demand for energy continues to increase the Philippine government
needs to improve the nationrsquos energy security by changing the energy portfolio to
include more locally available resources and reduce expensive fossil fuel imports
The Philippines is a signatory of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement where the main
goal is to reduce the threat of climate change by limiting increasing global
temperatures to below 15 degrees above pre-industrial levels The Philippines
released its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions in October 2015 stating
they would undertake a greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 70 by 2030 (relative
1 Department of Energy 2015 Philippine Power Statistics 2015 httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
5
Philippines
to the business-as-usual scenario of 2000-2030)2 Further to this the Philippines has set
ambitious goals to become a leading clean energy nation in Southeast Asia Their aim is
to increase the renewable energy share of the portfolio by 200 in 20 years3 but it is
yet to commit to any quotas
The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 paved the way for the Philippinesrsquo goal to become
energy self-sufficient by providing tax incentives to renewable energy companies and
giving renewable energy generators priority in grid connection transmission and
purchase It also set out policy framework for net-metering in an aim to incentivise
small scale renewable energy generation (up to 100kW) and introduced the feed-in-
tariff (FIT) scheme in 2012 for wind solar biomass and hydro (run-of-the-river)4 The
FIT scheme is the main instrument currently used to promote investment in renewable
energy with other regulatory mechanisms including the utility quota obligation (to be
determined) net metering and a biofuel obligation
The Philippines have embraced wind power technology and have rapidly increased
their wind power generating capacity Prior to 2005 wind energy was used only for
pumping and small kilowatt scale generation but now the Philippines have a goal to be
the number one wind energy producer in Southeast Asia The wind power targets
originally set have already been exceeded with more projects (amounting to over
1000 MW) already having been awarded Over 10000 further sites have been
identified as having adequate wind speeds for electricity generation amounting to
about 76600 MW potential generation5
2 Republic of the Philippines Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 2015 httpwww4unfcccintsubmissionsINDCPublished20DocumentsPhilippines1Philippines20-20Final20INDC20submissionpdf3 Renewable Energy Management Bureau Philippines Renewable Energy Policy Updates 2015 httpwwwegnretewgapecorgmeetingsegnret45economy20presentation5BPhilippines5D20RE20Law20Policy20Updatespdf4 International Energy Agency Renewable Energy Act 2014 httpwwwieaorgpoliciesandmeasurespamsphilippines5 Department of Energy IIIRenewable Energy Plans and Programs(2011-2030) httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfnrepnrep_books_021-087_re_plans_programspdf
6
Small-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) have been widely adopted by residential and
industrial consumers in the Philippines This has been mainly due to the introduction of
net metering and the decreasing cost of PV technology Rooftop solar has played a
major role in contributing to Household Electrification Program - to have 90 of all
households electrified by the end of 20175 The main limitation for utility-scale solar
projects is land availability however the original targets set by the government are still
expected to be met due to the success of the FIT and net-metering schemes The short-
term solar capacity goals have already been exceeded even more so than for wind
power and 144 grid-scale solar projects have already been awarded as of June 20166
A significant portion of the Philippinesrsquo electricity is currently generated by large-scale
hydro power but the countrys aim is to double their already large capacity by 20303
Studies have indicated that untapped reserves could amount to an immense 13097
MW Because large-scale hydro power plants have the capability to generate
considerable amounts of electricity they can compete with traditional baseload power
stations given that enough water available year round meaning that hydropower will
play a very important role in the Philippinesrsquo transition to a cleaner energy mix Many
potential generation sites are located in remote mountainous areas thereby
increasing transmission costs and limiting accessibility but an acknowledged benefit for
remote power stations is that they do increase local employment Although the largest
portion of future hydropower projects will be utility scale 14 of the new installed
capacity is set to be from mini-hydro and micro-hydro Micro-hydro projects will be
focused in rural areas where the technology has multiple functions ie generating
electricity as well as flood prevention grain milling and irrigation The government is
also researching the viability of creating small interconnected microgrids to increase
6 Department of Energy Summary of RE Projects as of 30 June 2016 2016 httpswwwdoegovphrenewable-energySummary-of-Projects
Philippines
7
electricity availability in remote areas further contributing to its household
electrification goals5
Geothermal energy is also set to play a major role in improving the Philippinesrsquo energy
security The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire meaning it has
considerable confirmed geothermal resources Geothermal power plants contribute
about 10000 MWh of electricity to the grid each year (since 1999)1 however there are
still very large untapped reserves available The Philippines aim to be the number one
geothermal energy producer in the world by increasing generating capacity by 75
before 20303 Electricity generated from geothermal resources is not eligible to receive
any FIT Instead the government actively promotes the advancement of geothermal
power and offers viable sites to private investors who then bid for it More research is
being done on non-power applications of geothermal energy including in heating and
crop drying to better utilise this resource
Bioenergy in the Philippines has been used for years in the transport sector but is used
little in electricity generation The Philippines has a fair biomass resource from
agricultural waste municipal waste and forest residues however a lot more research
needs to be done to plan for commercially viable bioenergy projects There is a drive to
limit the Philippinesrsquo dependence on imported oil products by building a competitive
biofuels industry in the country The Biofuels Act of 2007 mandated that a certain
percentage of diesel and petroleum products must include biodiesel and bioethanol
respectively Although local biofuel production is increasing the Philippines still
imports at least a quarter of its ethanol from overseas to meet the growing demand
for fuel7 There is however evidence of biomass electricity generation being embraced
by communities In a town called Alicia a consortium of rice growers has started
7 International Trade Association 2016 Top Markets Report Renewable Fuels Country Case Study Philippines2016 httptradegovtopmarketspdfRenewable_Fuels_Philippinespdf
Philippines
8
building a 20 MW biomass power generation plant utilising the waste from their
farming8 Once connected to the grid they will be eligible to receive the FIT ensuring a
return on their investment for a fixed time This sort of local interest in utilising
agricultural waste for power generation is on the rise in the Philippines and more
plants are expected to be built in the near future
As a nation made up of many islands the potential for ocean energy has certainly been
investigated The resources look good but as this is a relatively new and costly
technology the Philippines has so far not made a commitment to include this in the
renewable energy mix and will instead monitor the success of other projects around
the world Despite this as of June 2016 there are 7 awarded ocean energy projects
(with a total generating capacity of 26 MW) however these are yet to be constructed
and no FIT is available for ocean energy6
The Philippines has made a lot of progress in their climate change and renewable
energy commitments however even as hundreds of renewable energy projects are
being awarded there is still a lot of investment in coal fired power stations In July
2015 23 new coal fired power plants were proposed and several are already approved
for construction9 raising concerns about how committed the Philippines is to tackling
global warming The new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte indicated that it
will revoke the nationrsquos commitment to the Paris Agreement He has suggested that
the deal unfairly distributes the load to developing countries when wealthy
industrialised nations are not doing enough calling them ldquohypocritesrdquo10 This may be
true as according to United Nations Environment Program in 2015 investment in
8 Philippine Daily Inquirer New growth areas for renewable energy 2016 httpsbusinessinquirernet211490new-growth-areas-for-renewable-energy9 Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute Philippines climate change agenda High vulnerability High ambition 2016 httpsustainableunimelbeduauphilippines-climatechange10 GMA News Online OPINION Figuring out the Duterte adminrsquos energy policy 2016 httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory574159scitechscienceopinion-figuring-out-the-duterte-admin-s-energy-policy
Philippines
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
2
Introduction
This Phillip Riley research series is an investigation into the renewable energy policies
of Australia the United States and various Asia Pacific nations The reports look into
the countriesrsquo renewable energy potential climate change targets and the success of
their policy to date Each report focuses on the current and future use of renewable
energy and takes into account the political geographical and economic challenges
unique to each nation
Phillip Riley is a specialist recruitment and consulting practice focusing on the
Renewable Energy amp Energy Efficiency sectors We attract and retain talent across a
broad range of job disciplines including Pre-Construction (Sales Project Development
Corporate Finance) Construction (Construction Commissioning Consulting)
Operations (OampM Energy Information Systems) and Retail (Commercial and Industrial
Solar Energy Efficiency)
Our clients span the breadth of the Renewable Energy generation (Wind Hydro Solar
PV Solar Thermal Bioenergy Wave Tidal) types and includes supporting companies
such as Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) Engineer Procure Construction
(EPCs) Transportation amp Logistics Project Development amp Consulting Firms In
addition we are a recruitment partner to Transmission Distribution amp Energy Retail
companies and have demonstrable track record across the Private Public amp Not-For-
Profit Sectors
To view and download all reports of this Research Series please visit the Research
section of our website at httpphilliprileycomaufeaturedresearch
The Future
is Renewable
Targets and Policies
by Country
Philippines | January 2017
Author
Daila Ziedars
4
Targets and Policies by Country
Philippines
The Philippines is a tropical country made up of thousands of islands in the Pacific
ocean Its location makes it susceptible to natural disasters but it also bestows it with
vast natural resources The nation has acknowledged that it is especially vulnerable to
the effects of climate change particularly rising sea levels and increasing disaster risks
and in light of this the Philippines has made commitments to limit increasing
temperatures and switch to a cleaner energy supply
The Philippines has abundant renewable energy resources and very limited availability
of fossil fuels but the current energy use patterns do not reflect this with the bulk of
electricity generated in the Philippines coming from coal fired power plants The
Philippines has only a small amount of locally available coal so it imports the majority
from Indonesia China and Australia Historically oil-based power generation has also
contributed a great deal to the energy mix and in the past 15 years natural gas has
been used more and more1 The cost of electricity and fuel in the Philippines has long
been high and as demand for energy continues to increase the Philippine government
needs to improve the nationrsquos energy security by changing the energy portfolio to
include more locally available resources and reduce expensive fossil fuel imports
The Philippines is a signatory of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement where the main
goal is to reduce the threat of climate change by limiting increasing global
temperatures to below 15 degrees above pre-industrial levels The Philippines
released its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions in October 2015 stating
they would undertake a greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 70 by 2030 (relative
1 Department of Energy 2015 Philippine Power Statistics 2015 httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
5
Philippines
to the business-as-usual scenario of 2000-2030)2 Further to this the Philippines has set
ambitious goals to become a leading clean energy nation in Southeast Asia Their aim is
to increase the renewable energy share of the portfolio by 200 in 20 years3 but it is
yet to commit to any quotas
The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 paved the way for the Philippinesrsquo goal to become
energy self-sufficient by providing tax incentives to renewable energy companies and
giving renewable energy generators priority in grid connection transmission and
purchase It also set out policy framework for net-metering in an aim to incentivise
small scale renewable energy generation (up to 100kW) and introduced the feed-in-
tariff (FIT) scheme in 2012 for wind solar biomass and hydro (run-of-the-river)4 The
FIT scheme is the main instrument currently used to promote investment in renewable
energy with other regulatory mechanisms including the utility quota obligation (to be
determined) net metering and a biofuel obligation
The Philippines have embraced wind power technology and have rapidly increased
their wind power generating capacity Prior to 2005 wind energy was used only for
pumping and small kilowatt scale generation but now the Philippines have a goal to be
the number one wind energy producer in Southeast Asia The wind power targets
originally set have already been exceeded with more projects (amounting to over
1000 MW) already having been awarded Over 10000 further sites have been
identified as having adequate wind speeds for electricity generation amounting to
about 76600 MW potential generation5
2 Republic of the Philippines Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 2015 httpwww4unfcccintsubmissionsINDCPublished20DocumentsPhilippines1Philippines20-20Final20INDC20submissionpdf3 Renewable Energy Management Bureau Philippines Renewable Energy Policy Updates 2015 httpwwwegnretewgapecorgmeetingsegnret45economy20presentation5BPhilippines5D20RE20Law20Policy20Updatespdf4 International Energy Agency Renewable Energy Act 2014 httpwwwieaorgpoliciesandmeasurespamsphilippines5 Department of Energy IIIRenewable Energy Plans and Programs(2011-2030) httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfnrepnrep_books_021-087_re_plans_programspdf
6
Small-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) have been widely adopted by residential and
industrial consumers in the Philippines This has been mainly due to the introduction of
net metering and the decreasing cost of PV technology Rooftop solar has played a
major role in contributing to Household Electrification Program - to have 90 of all
households electrified by the end of 20175 The main limitation for utility-scale solar
projects is land availability however the original targets set by the government are still
expected to be met due to the success of the FIT and net-metering schemes The short-
term solar capacity goals have already been exceeded even more so than for wind
power and 144 grid-scale solar projects have already been awarded as of June 20166
A significant portion of the Philippinesrsquo electricity is currently generated by large-scale
hydro power but the countrys aim is to double their already large capacity by 20303
Studies have indicated that untapped reserves could amount to an immense 13097
MW Because large-scale hydro power plants have the capability to generate
considerable amounts of electricity they can compete with traditional baseload power
stations given that enough water available year round meaning that hydropower will
play a very important role in the Philippinesrsquo transition to a cleaner energy mix Many
potential generation sites are located in remote mountainous areas thereby
increasing transmission costs and limiting accessibility but an acknowledged benefit for
remote power stations is that they do increase local employment Although the largest
portion of future hydropower projects will be utility scale 14 of the new installed
capacity is set to be from mini-hydro and micro-hydro Micro-hydro projects will be
focused in rural areas where the technology has multiple functions ie generating
electricity as well as flood prevention grain milling and irrigation The government is
also researching the viability of creating small interconnected microgrids to increase
6 Department of Energy Summary of RE Projects as of 30 June 2016 2016 httpswwwdoegovphrenewable-energySummary-of-Projects
Philippines
7
electricity availability in remote areas further contributing to its household
electrification goals5
Geothermal energy is also set to play a major role in improving the Philippinesrsquo energy
security The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire meaning it has
considerable confirmed geothermal resources Geothermal power plants contribute
about 10000 MWh of electricity to the grid each year (since 1999)1 however there are
still very large untapped reserves available The Philippines aim to be the number one
geothermal energy producer in the world by increasing generating capacity by 75
before 20303 Electricity generated from geothermal resources is not eligible to receive
any FIT Instead the government actively promotes the advancement of geothermal
power and offers viable sites to private investors who then bid for it More research is
being done on non-power applications of geothermal energy including in heating and
crop drying to better utilise this resource
Bioenergy in the Philippines has been used for years in the transport sector but is used
little in electricity generation The Philippines has a fair biomass resource from
agricultural waste municipal waste and forest residues however a lot more research
needs to be done to plan for commercially viable bioenergy projects There is a drive to
limit the Philippinesrsquo dependence on imported oil products by building a competitive
biofuels industry in the country The Biofuels Act of 2007 mandated that a certain
percentage of diesel and petroleum products must include biodiesel and bioethanol
respectively Although local biofuel production is increasing the Philippines still
imports at least a quarter of its ethanol from overseas to meet the growing demand
for fuel7 There is however evidence of biomass electricity generation being embraced
by communities In a town called Alicia a consortium of rice growers has started
7 International Trade Association 2016 Top Markets Report Renewable Fuels Country Case Study Philippines2016 httptradegovtopmarketspdfRenewable_Fuels_Philippinespdf
Philippines
8
building a 20 MW biomass power generation plant utilising the waste from their
farming8 Once connected to the grid they will be eligible to receive the FIT ensuring a
return on their investment for a fixed time This sort of local interest in utilising
agricultural waste for power generation is on the rise in the Philippines and more
plants are expected to be built in the near future
As a nation made up of many islands the potential for ocean energy has certainly been
investigated The resources look good but as this is a relatively new and costly
technology the Philippines has so far not made a commitment to include this in the
renewable energy mix and will instead monitor the success of other projects around
the world Despite this as of June 2016 there are 7 awarded ocean energy projects
(with a total generating capacity of 26 MW) however these are yet to be constructed
and no FIT is available for ocean energy6
The Philippines has made a lot of progress in their climate change and renewable
energy commitments however even as hundreds of renewable energy projects are
being awarded there is still a lot of investment in coal fired power stations In July
2015 23 new coal fired power plants were proposed and several are already approved
for construction9 raising concerns about how committed the Philippines is to tackling
global warming The new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte indicated that it
will revoke the nationrsquos commitment to the Paris Agreement He has suggested that
the deal unfairly distributes the load to developing countries when wealthy
industrialised nations are not doing enough calling them ldquohypocritesrdquo10 This may be
true as according to United Nations Environment Program in 2015 investment in
8 Philippine Daily Inquirer New growth areas for renewable energy 2016 httpsbusinessinquirernet211490new-growth-areas-for-renewable-energy9 Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute Philippines climate change agenda High vulnerability High ambition 2016 httpsustainableunimelbeduauphilippines-climatechange10 GMA News Online OPINION Figuring out the Duterte adminrsquos energy policy 2016 httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory574159scitechscienceopinion-figuring-out-the-duterte-admin-s-energy-policy
Philippines
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
The Future
is Renewable
Targets and Policies
by Country
Philippines | January 2017
Author
Daila Ziedars
4
Targets and Policies by Country
Philippines
The Philippines is a tropical country made up of thousands of islands in the Pacific
ocean Its location makes it susceptible to natural disasters but it also bestows it with
vast natural resources The nation has acknowledged that it is especially vulnerable to
the effects of climate change particularly rising sea levels and increasing disaster risks
and in light of this the Philippines has made commitments to limit increasing
temperatures and switch to a cleaner energy supply
The Philippines has abundant renewable energy resources and very limited availability
of fossil fuels but the current energy use patterns do not reflect this with the bulk of
electricity generated in the Philippines coming from coal fired power plants The
Philippines has only a small amount of locally available coal so it imports the majority
from Indonesia China and Australia Historically oil-based power generation has also
contributed a great deal to the energy mix and in the past 15 years natural gas has
been used more and more1 The cost of electricity and fuel in the Philippines has long
been high and as demand for energy continues to increase the Philippine government
needs to improve the nationrsquos energy security by changing the energy portfolio to
include more locally available resources and reduce expensive fossil fuel imports
The Philippines is a signatory of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement where the main
goal is to reduce the threat of climate change by limiting increasing global
temperatures to below 15 degrees above pre-industrial levels The Philippines
released its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions in October 2015 stating
they would undertake a greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 70 by 2030 (relative
1 Department of Energy 2015 Philippine Power Statistics 2015 httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
5
Philippines
to the business-as-usual scenario of 2000-2030)2 Further to this the Philippines has set
ambitious goals to become a leading clean energy nation in Southeast Asia Their aim is
to increase the renewable energy share of the portfolio by 200 in 20 years3 but it is
yet to commit to any quotas
The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 paved the way for the Philippinesrsquo goal to become
energy self-sufficient by providing tax incentives to renewable energy companies and
giving renewable energy generators priority in grid connection transmission and
purchase It also set out policy framework for net-metering in an aim to incentivise
small scale renewable energy generation (up to 100kW) and introduced the feed-in-
tariff (FIT) scheme in 2012 for wind solar biomass and hydro (run-of-the-river)4 The
FIT scheme is the main instrument currently used to promote investment in renewable
energy with other regulatory mechanisms including the utility quota obligation (to be
determined) net metering and a biofuel obligation
The Philippines have embraced wind power technology and have rapidly increased
their wind power generating capacity Prior to 2005 wind energy was used only for
pumping and small kilowatt scale generation but now the Philippines have a goal to be
the number one wind energy producer in Southeast Asia The wind power targets
originally set have already been exceeded with more projects (amounting to over
1000 MW) already having been awarded Over 10000 further sites have been
identified as having adequate wind speeds for electricity generation amounting to
about 76600 MW potential generation5
2 Republic of the Philippines Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 2015 httpwww4unfcccintsubmissionsINDCPublished20DocumentsPhilippines1Philippines20-20Final20INDC20submissionpdf3 Renewable Energy Management Bureau Philippines Renewable Energy Policy Updates 2015 httpwwwegnretewgapecorgmeetingsegnret45economy20presentation5BPhilippines5D20RE20Law20Policy20Updatespdf4 International Energy Agency Renewable Energy Act 2014 httpwwwieaorgpoliciesandmeasurespamsphilippines5 Department of Energy IIIRenewable Energy Plans and Programs(2011-2030) httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfnrepnrep_books_021-087_re_plans_programspdf
6
Small-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) have been widely adopted by residential and
industrial consumers in the Philippines This has been mainly due to the introduction of
net metering and the decreasing cost of PV technology Rooftop solar has played a
major role in contributing to Household Electrification Program - to have 90 of all
households electrified by the end of 20175 The main limitation for utility-scale solar
projects is land availability however the original targets set by the government are still
expected to be met due to the success of the FIT and net-metering schemes The short-
term solar capacity goals have already been exceeded even more so than for wind
power and 144 grid-scale solar projects have already been awarded as of June 20166
A significant portion of the Philippinesrsquo electricity is currently generated by large-scale
hydro power but the countrys aim is to double their already large capacity by 20303
Studies have indicated that untapped reserves could amount to an immense 13097
MW Because large-scale hydro power plants have the capability to generate
considerable amounts of electricity they can compete with traditional baseload power
stations given that enough water available year round meaning that hydropower will
play a very important role in the Philippinesrsquo transition to a cleaner energy mix Many
potential generation sites are located in remote mountainous areas thereby
increasing transmission costs and limiting accessibility but an acknowledged benefit for
remote power stations is that they do increase local employment Although the largest
portion of future hydropower projects will be utility scale 14 of the new installed
capacity is set to be from mini-hydro and micro-hydro Micro-hydro projects will be
focused in rural areas where the technology has multiple functions ie generating
electricity as well as flood prevention grain milling and irrigation The government is
also researching the viability of creating small interconnected microgrids to increase
6 Department of Energy Summary of RE Projects as of 30 June 2016 2016 httpswwwdoegovphrenewable-energySummary-of-Projects
Philippines
7
electricity availability in remote areas further contributing to its household
electrification goals5
Geothermal energy is also set to play a major role in improving the Philippinesrsquo energy
security The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire meaning it has
considerable confirmed geothermal resources Geothermal power plants contribute
about 10000 MWh of electricity to the grid each year (since 1999)1 however there are
still very large untapped reserves available The Philippines aim to be the number one
geothermal energy producer in the world by increasing generating capacity by 75
before 20303 Electricity generated from geothermal resources is not eligible to receive
any FIT Instead the government actively promotes the advancement of geothermal
power and offers viable sites to private investors who then bid for it More research is
being done on non-power applications of geothermal energy including in heating and
crop drying to better utilise this resource
Bioenergy in the Philippines has been used for years in the transport sector but is used
little in electricity generation The Philippines has a fair biomass resource from
agricultural waste municipal waste and forest residues however a lot more research
needs to be done to plan for commercially viable bioenergy projects There is a drive to
limit the Philippinesrsquo dependence on imported oil products by building a competitive
biofuels industry in the country The Biofuels Act of 2007 mandated that a certain
percentage of diesel and petroleum products must include biodiesel and bioethanol
respectively Although local biofuel production is increasing the Philippines still
imports at least a quarter of its ethanol from overseas to meet the growing demand
for fuel7 There is however evidence of biomass electricity generation being embraced
by communities In a town called Alicia a consortium of rice growers has started
7 International Trade Association 2016 Top Markets Report Renewable Fuels Country Case Study Philippines2016 httptradegovtopmarketspdfRenewable_Fuels_Philippinespdf
Philippines
8
building a 20 MW biomass power generation plant utilising the waste from their
farming8 Once connected to the grid they will be eligible to receive the FIT ensuring a
return on their investment for a fixed time This sort of local interest in utilising
agricultural waste for power generation is on the rise in the Philippines and more
plants are expected to be built in the near future
As a nation made up of many islands the potential for ocean energy has certainly been
investigated The resources look good but as this is a relatively new and costly
technology the Philippines has so far not made a commitment to include this in the
renewable energy mix and will instead monitor the success of other projects around
the world Despite this as of June 2016 there are 7 awarded ocean energy projects
(with a total generating capacity of 26 MW) however these are yet to be constructed
and no FIT is available for ocean energy6
The Philippines has made a lot of progress in their climate change and renewable
energy commitments however even as hundreds of renewable energy projects are
being awarded there is still a lot of investment in coal fired power stations In July
2015 23 new coal fired power plants were proposed and several are already approved
for construction9 raising concerns about how committed the Philippines is to tackling
global warming The new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte indicated that it
will revoke the nationrsquos commitment to the Paris Agreement He has suggested that
the deal unfairly distributes the load to developing countries when wealthy
industrialised nations are not doing enough calling them ldquohypocritesrdquo10 This may be
true as according to United Nations Environment Program in 2015 investment in
8 Philippine Daily Inquirer New growth areas for renewable energy 2016 httpsbusinessinquirernet211490new-growth-areas-for-renewable-energy9 Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute Philippines climate change agenda High vulnerability High ambition 2016 httpsustainableunimelbeduauphilippines-climatechange10 GMA News Online OPINION Figuring out the Duterte adminrsquos energy policy 2016 httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory574159scitechscienceopinion-figuring-out-the-duterte-admin-s-energy-policy
Philippines
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
4
Targets and Policies by Country
Philippines
The Philippines is a tropical country made up of thousands of islands in the Pacific
ocean Its location makes it susceptible to natural disasters but it also bestows it with
vast natural resources The nation has acknowledged that it is especially vulnerable to
the effects of climate change particularly rising sea levels and increasing disaster risks
and in light of this the Philippines has made commitments to limit increasing
temperatures and switch to a cleaner energy supply
The Philippines has abundant renewable energy resources and very limited availability
of fossil fuels but the current energy use patterns do not reflect this with the bulk of
electricity generated in the Philippines coming from coal fired power plants The
Philippines has only a small amount of locally available coal so it imports the majority
from Indonesia China and Australia Historically oil-based power generation has also
contributed a great deal to the energy mix and in the past 15 years natural gas has
been used more and more1 The cost of electricity and fuel in the Philippines has long
been high and as demand for energy continues to increase the Philippine government
needs to improve the nationrsquos energy security by changing the energy portfolio to
include more locally available resources and reduce expensive fossil fuel imports
The Philippines is a signatory of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement where the main
goal is to reduce the threat of climate change by limiting increasing global
temperatures to below 15 degrees above pre-industrial levels The Philippines
released its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions in October 2015 stating
they would undertake a greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 70 by 2030 (relative
1 Department of Energy 2015 Philippine Power Statistics 2015 httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
5
Philippines
to the business-as-usual scenario of 2000-2030)2 Further to this the Philippines has set
ambitious goals to become a leading clean energy nation in Southeast Asia Their aim is
to increase the renewable energy share of the portfolio by 200 in 20 years3 but it is
yet to commit to any quotas
The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 paved the way for the Philippinesrsquo goal to become
energy self-sufficient by providing tax incentives to renewable energy companies and
giving renewable energy generators priority in grid connection transmission and
purchase It also set out policy framework for net-metering in an aim to incentivise
small scale renewable energy generation (up to 100kW) and introduced the feed-in-
tariff (FIT) scheme in 2012 for wind solar biomass and hydro (run-of-the-river)4 The
FIT scheme is the main instrument currently used to promote investment in renewable
energy with other regulatory mechanisms including the utility quota obligation (to be
determined) net metering and a biofuel obligation
The Philippines have embraced wind power technology and have rapidly increased
their wind power generating capacity Prior to 2005 wind energy was used only for
pumping and small kilowatt scale generation but now the Philippines have a goal to be
the number one wind energy producer in Southeast Asia The wind power targets
originally set have already been exceeded with more projects (amounting to over
1000 MW) already having been awarded Over 10000 further sites have been
identified as having adequate wind speeds for electricity generation amounting to
about 76600 MW potential generation5
2 Republic of the Philippines Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 2015 httpwww4unfcccintsubmissionsINDCPublished20DocumentsPhilippines1Philippines20-20Final20INDC20submissionpdf3 Renewable Energy Management Bureau Philippines Renewable Energy Policy Updates 2015 httpwwwegnretewgapecorgmeetingsegnret45economy20presentation5BPhilippines5D20RE20Law20Policy20Updatespdf4 International Energy Agency Renewable Energy Act 2014 httpwwwieaorgpoliciesandmeasurespamsphilippines5 Department of Energy IIIRenewable Energy Plans and Programs(2011-2030) httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfnrepnrep_books_021-087_re_plans_programspdf
6
Small-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) have been widely adopted by residential and
industrial consumers in the Philippines This has been mainly due to the introduction of
net metering and the decreasing cost of PV technology Rooftop solar has played a
major role in contributing to Household Electrification Program - to have 90 of all
households electrified by the end of 20175 The main limitation for utility-scale solar
projects is land availability however the original targets set by the government are still
expected to be met due to the success of the FIT and net-metering schemes The short-
term solar capacity goals have already been exceeded even more so than for wind
power and 144 grid-scale solar projects have already been awarded as of June 20166
A significant portion of the Philippinesrsquo electricity is currently generated by large-scale
hydro power but the countrys aim is to double their already large capacity by 20303
Studies have indicated that untapped reserves could amount to an immense 13097
MW Because large-scale hydro power plants have the capability to generate
considerable amounts of electricity they can compete with traditional baseload power
stations given that enough water available year round meaning that hydropower will
play a very important role in the Philippinesrsquo transition to a cleaner energy mix Many
potential generation sites are located in remote mountainous areas thereby
increasing transmission costs and limiting accessibility but an acknowledged benefit for
remote power stations is that they do increase local employment Although the largest
portion of future hydropower projects will be utility scale 14 of the new installed
capacity is set to be from mini-hydro and micro-hydro Micro-hydro projects will be
focused in rural areas where the technology has multiple functions ie generating
electricity as well as flood prevention grain milling and irrigation The government is
also researching the viability of creating small interconnected microgrids to increase
6 Department of Energy Summary of RE Projects as of 30 June 2016 2016 httpswwwdoegovphrenewable-energySummary-of-Projects
Philippines
7
electricity availability in remote areas further contributing to its household
electrification goals5
Geothermal energy is also set to play a major role in improving the Philippinesrsquo energy
security The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire meaning it has
considerable confirmed geothermal resources Geothermal power plants contribute
about 10000 MWh of electricity to the grid each year (since 1999)1 however there are
still very large untapped reserves available The Philippines aim to be the number one
geothermal energy producer in the world by increasing generating capacity by 75
before 20303 Electricity generated from geothermal resources is not eligible to receive
any FIT Instead the government actively promotes the advancement of geothermal
power and offers viable sites to private investors who then bid for it More research is
being done on non-power applications of geothermal energy including in heating and
crop drying to better utilise this resource
Bioenergy in the Philippines has been used for years in the transport sector but is used
little in electricity generation The Philippines has a fair biomass resource from
agricultural waste municipal waste and forest residues however a lot more research
needs to be done to plan for commercially viable bioenergy projects There is a drive to
limit the Philippinesrsquo dependence on imported oil products by building a competitive
biofuels industry in the country The Biofuels Act of 2007 mandated that a certain
percentage of diesel and petroleum products must include biodiesel and bioethanol
respectively Although local biofuel production is increasing the Philippines still
imports at least a quarter of its ethanol from overseas to meet the growing demand
for fuel7 There is however evidence of biomass electricity generation being embraced
by communities In a town called Alicia a consortium of rice growers has started
7 International Trade Association 2016 Top Markets Report Renewable Fuels Country Case Study Philippines2016 httptradegovtopmarketspdfRenewable_Fuels_Philippinespdf
Philippines
8
building a 20 MW biomass power generation plant utilising the waste from their
farming8 Once connected to the grid they will be eligible to receive the FIT ensuring a
return on their investment for a fixed time This sort of local interest in utilising
agricultural waste for power generation is on the rise in the Philippines and more
plants are expected to be built in the near future
As a nation made up of many islands the potential for ocean energy has certainly been
investigated The resources look good but as this is a relatively new and costly
technology the Philippines has so far not made a commitment to include this in the
renewable energy mix and will instead monitor the success of other projects around
the world Despite this as of June 2016 there are 7 awarded ocean energy projects
(with a total generating capacity of 26 MW) however these are yet to be constructed
and no FIT is available for ocean energy6
The Philippines has made a lot of progress in their climate change and renewable
energy commitments however even as hundreds of renewable energy projects are
being awarded there is still a lot of investment in coal fired power stations In July
2015 23 new coal fired power plants were proposed and several are already approved
for construction9 raising concerns about how committed the Philippines is to tackling
global warming The new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte indicated that it
will revoke the nationrsquos commitment to the Paris Agreement He has suggested that
the deal unfairly distributes the load to developing countries when wealthy
industrialised nations are not doing enough calling them ldquohypocritesrdquo10 This may be
true as according to United Nations Environment Program in 2015 investment in
8 Philippine Daily Inquirer New growth areas for renewable energy 2016 httpsbusinessinquirernet211490new-growth-areas-for-renewable-energy9 Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute Philippines climate change agenda High vulnerability High ambition 2016 httpsustainableunimelbeduauphilippines-climatechange10 GMA News Online OPINION Figuring out the Duterte adminrsquos energy policy 2016 httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory574159scitechscienceopinion-figuring-out-the-duterte-admin-s-energy-policy
Philippines
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
5
Philippines
to the business-as-usual scenario of 2000-2030)2 Further to this the Philippines has set
ambitious goals to become a leading clean energy nation in Southeast Asia Their aim is
to increase the renewable energy share of the portfolio by 200 in 20 years3 but it is
yet to commit to any quotas
The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 paved the way for the Philippinesrsquo goal to become
energy self-sufficient by providing tax incentives to renewable energy companies and
giving renewable energy generators priority in grid connection transmission and
purchase It also set out policy framework for net-metering in an aim to incentivise
small scale renewable energy generation (up to 100kW) and introduced the feed-in-
tariff (FIT) scheme in 2012 for wind solar biomass and hydro (run-of-the-river)4 The
FIT scheme is the main instrument currently used to promote investment in renewable
energy with other regulatory mechanisms including the utility quota obligation (to be
determined) net metering and a biofuel obligation
The Philippines have embraced wind power technology and have rapidly increased
their wind power generating capacity Prior to 2005 wind energy was used only for
pumping and small kilowatt scale generation but now the Philippines have a goal to be
the number one wind energy producer in Southeast Asia The wind power targets
originally set have already been exceeded with more projects (amounting to over
1000 MW) already having been awarded Over 10000 further sites have been
identified as having adequate wind speeds for electricity generation amounting to
about 76600 MW potential generation5
2 Republic of the Philippines Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 2015 httpwww4unfcccintsubmissionsINDCPublished20DocumentsPhilippines1Philippines20-20Final20INDC20submissionpdf3 Renewable Energy Management Bureau Philippines Renewable Energy Policy Updates 2015 httpwwwegnretewgapecorgmeetingsegnret45economy20presentation5BPhilippines5D20RE20Law20Policy20Updatespdf4 International Energy Agency Renewable Energy Act 2014 httpwwwieaorgpoliciesandmeasurespamsphilippines5 Department of Energy IIIRenewable Energy Plans and Programs(2011-2030) httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfnrepnrep_books_021-087_re_plans_programspdf
6
Small-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) have been widely adopted by residential and
industrial consumers in the Philippines This has been mainly due to the introduction of
net metering and the decreasing cost of PV technology Rooftop solar has played a
major role in contributing to Household Electrification Program - to have 90 of all
households electrified by the end of 20175 The main limitation for utility-scale solar
projects is land availability however the original targets set by the government are still
expected to be met due to the success of the FIT and net-metering schemes The short-
term solar capacity goals have already been exceeded even more so than for wind
power and 144 grid-scale solar projects have already been awarded as of June 20166
A significant portion of the Philippinesrsquo electricity is currently generated by large-scale
hydro power but the countrys aim is to double their already large capacity by 20303
Studies have indicated that untapped reserves could amount to an immense 13097
MW Because large-scale hydro power plants have the capability to generate
considerable amounts of electricity they can compete with traditional baseload power
stations given that enough water available year round meaning that hydropower will
play a very important role in the Philippinesrsquo transition to a cleaner energy mix Many
potential generation sites are located in remote mountainous areas thereby
increasing transmission costs and limiting accessibility but an acknowledged benefit for
remote power stations is that they do increase local employment Although the largest
portion of future hydropower projects will be utility scale 14 of the new installed
capacity is set to be from mini-hydro and micro-hydro Micro-hydro projects will be
focused in rural areas where the technology has multiple functions ie generating
electricity as well as flood prevention grain milling and irrigation The government is
also researching the viability of creating small interconnected microgrids to increase
6 Department of Energy Summary of RE Projects as of 30 June 2016 2016 httpswwwdoegovphrenewable-energySummary-of-Projects
Philippines
7
electricity availability in remote areas further contributing to its household
electrification goals5
Geothermal energy is also set to play a major role in improving the Philippinesrsquo energy
security The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire meaning it has
considerable confirmed geothermal resources Geothermal power plants contribute
about 10000 MWh of electricity to the grid each year (since 1999)1 however there are
still very large untapped reserves available The Philippines aim to be the number one
geothermal energy producer in the world by increasing generating capacity by 75
before 20303 Electricity generated from geothermal resources is not eligible to receive
any FIT Instead the government actively promotes the advancement of geothermal
power and offers viable sites to private investors who then bid for it More research is
being done on non-power applications of geothermal energy including in heating and
crop drying to better utilise this resource
Bioenergy in the Philippines has been used for years in the transport sector but is used
little in electricity generation The Philippines has a fair biomass resource from
agricultural waste municipal waste and forest residues however a lot more research
needs to be done to plan for commercially viable bioenergy projects There is a drive to
limit the Philippinesrsquo dependence on imported oil products by building a competitive
biofuels industry in the country The Biofuels Act of 2007 mandated that a certain
percentage of diesel and petroleum products must include biodiesel and bioethanol
respectively Although local biofuel production is increasing the Philippines still
imports at least a quarter of its ethanol from overseas to meet the growing demand
for fuel7 There is however evidence of biomass electricity generation being embraced
by communities In a town called Alicia a consortium of rice growers has started
7 International Trade Association 2016 Top Markets Report Renewable Fuels Country Case Study Philippines2016 httptradegovtopmarketspdfRenewable_Fuels_Philippinespdf
Philippines
8
building a 20 MW biomass power generation plant utilising the waste from their
farming8 Once connected to the grid they will be eligible to receive the FIT ensuring a
return on their investment for a fixed time This sort of local interest in utilising
agricultural waste for power generation is on the rise in the Philippines and more
plants are expected to be built in the near future
As a nation made up of many islands the potential for ocean energy has certainly been
investigated The resources look good but as this is a relatively new and costly
technology the Philippines has so far not made a commitment to include this in the
renewable energy mix and will instead monitor the success of other projects around
the world Despite this as of June 2016 there are 7 awarded ocean energy projects
(with a total generating capacity of 26 MW) however these are yet to be constructed
and no FIT is available for ocean energy6
The Philippines has made a lot of progress in their climate change and renewable
energy commitments however even as hundreds of renewable energy projects are
being awarded there is still a lot of investment in coal fired power stations In July
2015 23 new coal fired power plants were proposed and several are already approved
for construction9 raising concerns about how committed the Philippines is to tackling
global warming The new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte indicated that it
will revoke the nationrsquos commitment to the Paris Agreement He has suggested that
the deal unfairly distributes the load to developing countries when wealthy
industrialised nations are not doing enough calling them ldquohypocritesrdquo10 This may be
true as according to United Nations Environment Program in 2015 investment in
8 Philippine Daily Inquirer New growth areas for renewable energy 2016 httpsbusinessinquirernet211490new-growth-areas-for-renewable-energy9 Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute Philippines climate change agenda High vulnerability High ambition 2016 httpsustainableunimelbeduauphilippines-climatechange10 GMA News Online OPINION Figuring out the Duterte adminrsquos energy policy 2016 httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory574159scitechscienceopinion-figuring-out-the-duterte-admin-s-energy-policy
Philippines
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
6
Small-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) have been widely adopted by residential and
industrial consumers in the Philippines This has been mainly due to the introduction of
net metering and the decreasing cost of PV technology Rooftop solar has played a
major role in contributing to Household Electrification Program - to have 90 of all
households electrified by the end of 20175 The main limitation for utility-scale solar
projects is land availability however the original targets set by the government are still
expected to be met due to the success of the FIT and net-metering schemes The short-
term solar capacity goals have already been exceeded even more so than for wind
power and 144 grid-scale solar projects have already been awarded as of June 20166
A significant portion of the Philippinesrsquo electricity is currently generated by large-scale
hydro power but the countrys aim is to double their already large capacity by 20303
Studies have indicated that untapped reserves could amount to an immense 13097
MW Because large-scale hydro power plants have the capability to generate
considerable amounts of electricity they can compete with traditional baseload power
stations given that enough water available year round meaning that hydropower will
play a very important role in the Philippinesrsquo transition to a cleaner energy mix Many
potential generation sites are located in remote mountainous areas thereby
increasing transmission costs and limiting accessibility but an acknowledged benefit for
remote power stations is that they do increase local employment Although the largest
portion of future hydropower projects will be utility scale 14 of the new installed
capacity is set to be from mini-hydro and micro-hydro Micro-hydro projects will be
focused in rural areas where the technology has multiple functions ie generating
electricity as well as flood prevention grain milling and irrigation The government is
also researching the viability of creating small interconnected microgrids to increase
6 Department of Energy Summary of RE Projects as of 30 June 2016 2016 httpswwwdoegovphrenewable-energySummary-of-Projects
Philippines
7
electricity availability in remote areas further contributing to its household
electrification goals5
Geothermal energy is also set to play a major role in improving the Philippinesrsquo energy
security The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire meaning it has
considerable confirmed geothermal resources Geothermal power plants contribute
about 10000 MWh of electricity to the grid each year (since 1999)1 however there are
still very large untapped reserves available The Philippines aim to be the number one
geothermal energy producer in the world by increasing generating capacity by 75
before 20303 Electricity generated from geothermal resources is not eligible to receive
any FIT Instead the government actively promotes the advancement of geothermal
power and offers viable sites to private investors who then bid for it More research is
being done on non-power applications of geothermal energy including in heating and
crop drying to better utilise this resource
Bioenergy in the Philippines has been used for years in the transport sector but is used
little in electricity generation The Philippines has a fair biomass resource from
agricultural waste municipal waste and forest residues however a lot more research
needs to be done to plan for commercially viable bioenergy projects There is a drive to
limit the Philippinesrsquo dependence on imported oil products by building a competitive
biofuels industry in the country The Biofuels Act of 2007 mandated that a certain
percentage of diesel and petroleum products must include biodiesel and bioethanol
respectively Although local biofuel production is increasing the Philippines still
imports at least a quarter of its ethanol from overseas to meet the growing demand
for fuel7 There is however evidence of biomass electricity generation being embraced
by communities In a town called Alicia a consortium of rice growers has started
7 International Trade Association 2016 Top Markets Report Renewable Fuels Country Case Study Philippines2016 httptradegovtopmarketspdfRenewable_Fuels_Philippinespdf
Philippines
8
building a 20 MW biomass power generation plant utilising the waste from their
farming8 Once connected to the grid they will be eligible to receive the FIT ensuring a
return on their investment for a fixed time This sort of local interest in utilising
agricultural waste for power generation is on the rise in the Philippines and more
plants are expected to be built in the near future
As a nation made up of many islands the potential for ocean energy has certainly been
investigated The resources look good but as this is a relatively new and costly
technology the Philippines has so far not made a commitment to include this in the
renewable energy mix and will instead monitor the success of other projects around
the world Despite this as of June 2016 there are 7 awarded ocean energy projects
(with a total generating capacity of 26 MW) however these are yet to be constructed
and no FIT is available for ocean energy6
The Philippines has made a lot of progress in their climate change and renewable
energy commitments however even as hundreds of renewable energy projects are
being awarded there is still a lot of investment in coal fired power stations In July
2015 23 new coal fired power plants were proposed and several are already approved
for construction9 raising concerns about how committed the Philippines is to tackling
global warming The new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte indicated that it
will revoke the nationrsquos commitment to the Paris Agreement He has suggested that
the deal unfairly distributes the load to developing countries when wealthy
industrialised nations are not doing enough calling them ldquohypocritesrdquo10 This may be
true as according to United Nations Environment Program in 2015 investment in
8 Philippine Daily Inquirer New growth areas for renewable energy 2016 httpsbusinessinquirernet211490new-growth-areas-for-renewable-energy9 Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute Philippines climate change agenda High vulnerability High ambition 2016 httpsustainableunimelbeduauphilippines-climatechange10 GMA News Online OPINION Figuring out the Duterte adminrsquos energy policy 2016 httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory574159scitechscienceopinion-figuring-out-the-duterte-admin-s-energy-policy
Philippines
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
7
electricity availability in remote areas further contributing to its household
electrification goals5
Geothermal energy is also set to play a major role in improving the Philippinesrsquo energy
security The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire meaning it has
considerable confirmed geothermal resources Geothermal power plants contribute
about 10000 MWh of electricity to the grid each year (since 1999)1 however there are
still very large untapped reserves available The Philippines aim to be the number one
geothermal energy producer in the world by increasing generating capacity by 75
before 20303 Electricity generated from geothermal resources is not eligible to receive
any FIT Instead the government actively promotes the advancement of geothermal
power and offers viable sites to private investors who then bid for it More research is
being done on non-power applications of geothermal energy including in heating and
crop drying to better utilise this resource
Bioenergy in the Philippines has been used for years in the transport sector but is used
little in electricity generation The Philippines has a fair biomass resource from
agricultural waste municipal waste and forest residues however a lot more research
needs to be done to plan for commercially viable bioenergy projects There is a drive to
limit the Philippinesrsquo dependence on imported oil products by building a competitive
biofuels industry in the country The Biofuels Act of 2007 mandated that a certain
percentage of diesel and petroleum products must include biodiesel and bioethanol
respectively Although local biofuel production is increasing the Philippines still
imports at least a quarter of its ethanol from overseas to meet the growing demand
for fuel7 There is however evidence of biomass electricity generation being embraced
by communities In a town called Alicia a consortium of rice growers has started
7 International Trade Association 2016 Top Markets Report Renewable Fuels Country Case Study Philippines2016 httptradegovtopmarketspdfRenewable_Fuels_Philippinespdf
Philippines
8
building a 20 MW biomass power generation plant utilising the waste from their
farming8 Once connected to the grid they will be eligible to receive the FIT ensuring a
return on their investment for a fixed time This sort of local interest in utilising
agricultural waste for power generation is on the rise in the Philippines and more
plants are expected to be built in the near future
As a nation made up of many islands the potential for ocean energy has certainly been
investigated The resources look good but as this is a relatively new and costly
technology the Philippines has so far not made a commitment to include this in the
renewable energy mix and will instead monitor the success of other projects around
the world Despite this as of June 2016 there are 7 awarded ocean energy projects
(with a total generating capacity of 26 MW) however these are yet to be constructed
and no FIT is available for ocean energy6
The Philippines has made a lot of progress in their climate change and renewable
energy commitments however even as hundreds of renewable energy projects are
being awarded there is still a lot of investment in coal fired power stations In July
2015 23 new coal fired power plants were proposed and several are already approved
for construction9 raising concerns about how committed the Philippines is to tackling
global warming The new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte indicated that it
will revoke the nationrsquos commitment to the Paris Agreement He has suggested that
the deal unfairly distributes the load to developing countries when wealthy
industrialised nations are not doing enough calling them ldquohypocritesrdquo10 This may be
true as according to United Nations Environment Program in 2015 investment in
8 Philippine Daily Inquirer New growth areas for renewable energy 2016 httpsbusinessinquirernet211490new-growth-areas-for-renewable-energy9 Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute Philippines climate change agenda High vulnerability High ambition 2016 httpsustainableunimelbeduauphilippines-climatechange10 GMA News Online OPINION Figuring out the Duterte adminrsquos energy policy 2016 httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory574159scitechscienceopinion-figuring-out-the-duterte-admin-s-energy-policy
Philippines
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
8
building a 20 MW biomass power generation plant utilising the waste from their
farming8 Once connected to the grid they will be eligible to receive the FIT ensuring a
return on their investment for a fixed time This sort of local interest in utilising
agricultural waste for power generation is on the rise in the Philippines and more
plants are expected to be built in the near future
As a nation made up of many islands the potential for ocean energy has certainly been
investigated The resources look good but as this is a relatively new and costly
technology the Philippines has so far not made a commitment to include this in the
renewable energy mix and will instead monitor the success of other projects around
the world Despite this as of June 2016 there are 7 awarded ocean energy projects
(with a total generating capacity of 26 MW) however these are yet to be constructed
and no FIT is available for ocean energy6
The Philippines has made a lot of progress in their climate change and renewable
energy commitments however even as hundreds of renewable energy projects are
being awarded there is still a lot of investment in coal fired power stations In July
2015 23 new coal fired power plants were proposed and several are already approved
for construction9 raising concerns about how committed the Philippines is to tackling
global warming The new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte indicated that it
will revoke the nationrsquos commitment to the Paris Agreement He has suggested that
the deal unfairly distributes the load to developing countries when wealthy
industrialised nations are not doing enough calling them ldquohypocritesrdquo10 This may be
true as according to United Nations Environment Program in 2015 investment in
8 Philippine Daily Inquirer New growth areas for renewable energy 2016 httpsbusinessinquirernet211490new-growth-areas-for-renewable-energy9 Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute Philippines climate change agenda High vulnerability High ambition 2016 httpsustainableunimelbeduauphilippines-climatechange10 GMA News Online OPINION Figuring out the Duterte adminrsquos energy policy 2016 httpwwwgmanetworkcomnewsstory574159scitechscienceopinion-figuring-out-the-duterte-admin-s-energy-policy
Philippines
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
9
renewable energy by developing countries was greater than in developed countries for
the first time ever However by the end of 2016 Duterte agreed to ratify the landmark
agreement The Philippines will continue to work towards the agreed goals but the
government stated it will prioritise the economic requirements of the nation over
climate change goals This includes continuing to utilise coal power to ensure a reliable
supply of electricity
Philippines
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
10
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Oil-based
Coal
Natural Gas
New Ren
Hydro
Geothermal
Total
2005 2015
27
3011
15
17
45
23
7
11
131
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil-based
Hydro
Geothermal
Otherrenewables
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2005)
Power Generation by Source Philippines (2015)
CO2 Emissions per capita (t CO2 population)
1 Taiwan 1068
2 Singapore 829
3 Malaysia 737
4 China 666
5 Thailand 360
6 Indonesia 172
7 Vietnam 158
8 Philippines 097
9 Cambodia 04
Installed Generation Capacity (MW) Philippines
Resource httpswwwdoegovphphilippine-power-statistics
From fuel combustion onlyresource httpwwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearch
CO2 Intensity of nations in the region
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources
11
Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Program 2016 httpswwwdoegovphnational-renewable-energy-program
Department of Energy Economic Fiscal and Energy Policies of the Duterte Administration 2016 httpswwwdoegovphenergistindexphp2-uncategorised11048-economic-fiscal-and-energy-policies-of-the-duterte-administration
Department of Energy Providing Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) 2016 httpswwwdoegovphsitesdefaultfilespdfannouncementsdraft_dc_rpspdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement 2017 httpunfcccintparis_agreementitems9485php
World Resources Institute 4 Lessons in Renewable Energy Planning The Philippine Experience 2013 httpwwwwriorgblog2013064-lessons-renewable-energy-planning-philippine-experience
Business Insider After high-profile backlash the Philippines president is softening his stance on a landmark climate deal 2016 httpwwwbusinessinsidercomauphilippine-president-duterte-paris-agreement-climate-change-2016-11r=USampIR=T
United Nations Environment Programme Renewable Energy Investments Major Milestones Reached New World Record Set 2016 httpwwwuneporgnewscentreDefaultaspxDocumentID=27068ampArticleID=36112
B Bakhtyar K Sopian A Zaharim E Salleh CH Lim Potentials and challenges in implementing feed-in tariff policy in Indonesia and the Philippines 2013 httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileAzami_Zaharim2publication257126765_Potentials_and_challenges_in_implementing_feed-in_tariff_policy_in_Indonesia_and_the_Philippineslinks567e9b8b08ae1e63f1e7d111pdf
International Energy Agency Philippines Renewables and Waste for 2014 2015 httpswwwieaorgstatisticsstatisticssearchreportproduct=Indicatorsampcountry=PHILIPPINE
Ateneo De Manila University Striking a Balance Coal Fired Power Plants in the Philippinesrsquo Energy Future httpstrikingabalancewixsitecomateneopolicybrief2
Philippine Daily Inquirer Why is PH building 25 more coal powered plants 2016 httpnewsinfoinquirernet773681why-is-ph-building-25-more-coal-powered-plants
Further Resources