claudio acioly jr. united nations human settlements ......china indonesia philippines cambodi a...

Claudio Acioly Jr.United Nations Human Settlements Programme – [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Dar-es-Salaam

Cities Alliance Programme

Dar-es-Salaam Cities Alliance Programme

ACTION PLAN TO UPGRADE ALL INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN DAR- ES-SALAAM BY 2015

What Is The Cities Alliance Supporting?

The Cities Alliance works through its’ members,engaging…

Civic leadersLocal authority associationsInvestment partners

…to achieve citywide scales of action

Citywide & NationwideUpgrading

City DevelopmentStrategies (CDS) *

*City development strategies: reflect a shared vision for the city’s future and local priorities for action to reduce urban poverty.

Where are Cities Alliance activities?

China

Indonesia

Philippines

Cambodia

Mongolia

Brazil

Peru

Jamaica

Pakistan

Russia

India

Bosnia-Herzegovina Latvia

Bulgaria

Ethiopia

Madagascar

Morocco

Niger

South Africa

Rwanda

BurkinaFaso Yemen

Ghana

Nigeria

Vietnam

Kenya

Mauritania

Mozambique

Swaziland

East Timor

Bolivia

Chile

El Salvador

Mexico

Egypt

Iran

Jordan

ColombiaTanzania

BhutanNepal

Azerbaijan

West bank & Gaza

Sri Lanka

1. Improves the quality of urban development cooperation by sharpening the focus on scaling-up successes.

2. Organizes and promotes the existing resources, knowledge, experiences and expertise of on-going initiatives to achieve greater value through enhanced collaboration, synergies and linkages.

3. Engages partner network in developing new tools and practical approaches for knowledge sharing.

Cities Alliance: Cities Without Slums Approach

Cities Alliance proposals & co-financing

Size of Proposal

Small$75,000 or less

Mediumover $75,000, up to $250,000Largeover $250,000up to $500,000

All proposals should include co-financing, combining seed funding from the Cities Alliance with a target of at least 20% financing of the total project budget.

For all proposals requesting over US$250,000 from Core Funds, the co-financing target is graduated based on the amount of funds requested from the Cities Alliance.

Co-financing

266.7

368.2

128.6

188.5

500

83.462.5

4020

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

100 200 250 251 300 350 400 450 500

Fund Requested from Cities the Cities Alliance (in $ 1000)

Co-

finan

cing

Tar

get (

in $

100

0)

Selection Criteria

• Targeting the objective• Government commitment and approval • Linkage to investment follow-up• Partnerships• Co-financing• Coherence of effort• Scaling up• Institutionalisation and replication• Positive impact on environment

Criteria Avoid DoTargeting the objective

- pilot project- sectoral activities- capacity building solely

- City wide activity- SU, CDS- pro-poor & gender

Government commitment and approval

-Avoid undocumented statements- “confusing” commitment

-Clear commitment of central and local authorities,- leagues of cities, mayors’ associations

Linkage to investment follow-up

- Unclear source of investment or conditional statement (“government budget may fund…”)

- Investment partners clearly identified - Involve partners from the beginning in the design - linkage to previous/other development activities carried out by Alliance members

Understanding Selection Criteria

Criteria Avoid DoPartnerships -unclear participatory

processes,- unclear role of stakeholders (especially Civil Society and Private sector)

-Involve broad spectrum of stakeholders,- strong demonstrated ownership

Co-financing - Unclear sources of co-financing,- using exclusively in-kind resources

- in-kind must demonstrate additional efforts (not activities that are usual business)- cash financing demonstrates commitment.

Coherence of efforts

-Unclear commitments of partners,- lack of donor coordination

-multi-donor coordination and multi-sponsoring,- maximize collaboration between World Bank, UN system and other members


Criteria Avoid DoScaling-up ,Institutionalization, replication

- Relying solely on foreign expertise,

- Anticipate scaling up and replication modalities and processes,- involve local expertise and national associations (cities, NGOs, etc.)

Positive impact on environment

- only “do no harm”provisions

- emphasize “do good”dimensions,-expect increased emphasis on environment criterion.


Dar-es-Salaam

African cities are growing fast:

• Urbanization rates exceed 4 - 5% per annum.

• Slums absorb about ¾ of the population growth

• The number of poor is expected to reach 400 million in 2015 – equivalent to 46% of Africa’s population

• In 2030 the sub-saharan cities will host over 50% of the population and absorb 87% of the population growth

Dar es Salaam city is also growing fast:

• Largest metropolitan area and economic capital of the country

• Current Population: 2.9 million

• Urbanization rate: 4% per annum

• 70 per cent of the city’s residents live in unplanned, poorly

serviced settlements under inadequate housing conditions.

• 50 per cent of residential land (5,000 ha) is unplanned and

accommodates 2 million people.

• The average density is 400 persons per ha.

Urbanization context in Dar-es-Salaam• Four Dar es Salam Local Authorities

(DLAs): Ilala, Kinondoni and TemekeMunicipalities and Dar es Salaam City Council (DCC).

• Three municipalities deal with issues specific to their areas of jurisdiction. DCC handles cross-cutting issues and coordinates activities of the three LGAs.

• 54 major unplanned and unservicedsettlements.

• 100 with villages (previously outside of the city boundary) and other small unplanned settlements.

Karakata

Mogo

Gongo la mboto

Shar

if Sh

amba

Ilala

Hananasif

Mwananyamala

Kawe

Pugu

Goba

Kimara

Kitunda

Ukonga

Segerea

Kipawa

Kinyerezi

Msasani

Mbagala Kuu

Ubungo

Mbagala

Makuburi

Kurasini

Mikocheni

Yombo Vituka

Sinza

Makangarawe

Tabata

Kiwalani

Mabibo

Ilala

Mtoni

MiburaniSandali

Vingunguti

Buguruni

Azimio

Keko

Kigogo

Tandika

Temeke

Kijito Nyama

Kivukoni

Chang'ombe

Kinondoni

Manzese

Mzimuni

Tandale

Makurumla

Magomeni

Mchikichini

Mburahati

516000

516000

520000

520000

524000

524000

528000

528000

532000

532000

9236

000

9236

000

9240

000

9240

000

9244

000

9244

000

9248

000

9248

000

9252

000

9252

000

9256

000

9256

000

KinondoniShamba

Makongo

Changanyikeni

Mwenge

Msim

bazi River

Tazara line

C entral li n e

Morogo ro Road

Bagamoyo Ro ad

Nyerere Road

Kilw

a R

oad

ILALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL,DAR ES SALAAM -TANZANIA

Source: SURVEY & MAPPING DIVISION DSM

2,200 0 2,200 4,400 6,6001,100

Meters

1:120,000

4

I N F O R M A L S E T T L E M E N T S

DAR ES SALAAM CITY

LegendRailwayline

Arterial Road

River

Unplanned Settlements

Ward Coverage

Water Body

Study_Area

• Inadequate water supply and poor sanitation, most people depending on poorly constructed pit latrines and open dumping of solid waste.

• Many houses not connected to piped water and electricity.

Unplanned and un-serviced settlements characteristics

• Haphazard urban/settlement layout

• Lack of land reserves for service infrastructure or amenities such as access roads, schools, clinics, community centres, sports facilities, and public spaces.


• No security of tenure.

• High rates of unemployment and income levels that are too low for securing access to formal credit for housing and services.


Dar-es-Salaam Cities Alliance ProgrammeReview and operationalize urban upgrading policiesReview and operationalize urban upgrading policies

Developing Citywide Strategies which are a vehicle for problem identification, consensus building, implementing wide-ranging reforms, and

long-term investment strategies.

Developing Citywide Strategies which are a vehicle for problem identification, consensus building, implementing wide-ranging reforms, and

long-term investment strategies.

Design a citywide Action Plan for the regularization and upgrading of the Unplanned and un-serviced settlements

Design a citywide Action Plan for the regularization and upgrading of the Unplanned and un-serviced settlements

Capacitate 4DLA’s to adopt and implant reforms necessary to effect a citywide approach

Capacitate 4DLA’s to adopt and implant reforms necessary to effect a citywide approach

Strengthen existing community capacity to organize and undertake broad based initiatives on poverty reduction and urban safety

Strengthen existing community capacity to organize and undertake broad based initiatives on poverty reduction and urban safety

Design a long-term sustainable financing strategy for settlement upgrading

Design a long-term sustainable financing strategy for settlement upgrading

Overall objective:The four Local Authorities work with partners to implement urban policy reforms, and to prepare a citywide upgrading programme with the following specific objectives:

Overall objective:The four Local Authorities work with partners to implement urban policy reforms, and to prepare a citywide upgrading programme with the following specific objectives:

Objective 1: To review and operationalize urban upgrading policies and to design a Citywide Action Plan

Objective 2: To enable local government to adopt and implement reforms necessary to effect a city-wide approach and to strengthen existing community capacity

Objective 3: To design a long-term sustainable financing strategy for settlement upgrading.

Dar-es-Salaam Cities Alliance Programme

Total Budget: US$ 770,000

Cities Alliance: US$ 360,000

Co-financing: GoT: US$ 200,000; DSM Local Authorities: US$ 65,000; UN-HABITAT & ILO: US$ 145,000

Previous & ongoing initiatives in Dar-es-Salaam

1. World Bank sponsored Sites and Services Programme (1970-80s)

2. UN-HABITAT-supported Sustainable Dar es Salaam Programme (SDP): Dar es Salaam Strategic Urban Development Plan (SUDP) in 1999 and Hanna NassifCommunity-Based Upgrading Project (1994-2000).

3. On-going Community Infrastructure Upgrading Programme(CIUP): 31 unplanned settlements in Dar es Salaam

4. The 20,000 plots project implemented by the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements Development: surveyed and serviceable plots in various locations in the three municipalities and urban land property register for economic empowerment of residents in unplanned settlements with the objective of making unregistered land useable as collateral

Adequate shelter for all•Community Infrastructure UpgradingProgramme (CIUP)•Water And Sanitation Programme•Safer Cities Programme•Regularisation And Licensing Project

Sustainable environmental development•Sustainable Cities Programme (SCP)•Community Infrastructure upgradingProgramme (CIUP)•Water And Sanitation Programme

Good governance•Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP)•Safer Cities Programme•Dar Es Salaam Rapid Transportation (DART)

Secure Tenure•Regularisation And Licensing Project•20,000 Plots Project•TAWLAT

The approach organizes and promotes the existing resources, knowledge, experiences and expertise

This should result in improvement of the existing programmes and achieving The Cities Alliances priorities without the existing Programmes loosing their own identity.

UPGRADING STRATEGIES

Promoting gender equality

Reducing poverty

Reducing infant and maternal mortality

Reversing HIV/AIDS

Expanding employment opportunities

Reducing vulnerability

Promoting cultural heritage

Promoting inclusion

Securing tenure

Expanding access to credit

Sustaining the environment

Promoting education opportunities

Expanding access to basic infrastructure

Promoting economic opportunities

Citywide Development Strategies as an instruments for problem identification, consensus building, implementing wide-ranging reforms, and long-term investment strategies with the aim of:

I. Preparations for Social Economic Mapping

1. To map the actual physical location of unplanned and un-serviced settlements

Phasing

1. To establish the actual situation and living condition of the people living and working in unplanned settlements and un-serviced settlements in the city.

2. To capture the peoples’ perception living in these areas with regards to service delivery, livelihood needs, and future expectations rather than gathering the information/literature from book review.

3. To initiate a process of community participation by providing information, generating their interest and commitment without creating unrealistic expectations.

II. Physical Mapping Exercise

• Several initiatives exist in land and housing development and infrastructure provision, however: there are uncoordinated efforts of local actors and inadequate institutional capacity.

• Innovative initiatives in DSM are not known by key stakeholders esp. communities in unplanned and un-serviced settlements

• Low capacity to document, disseminate, draw lessons and scale up lessons learnt.

• Innovative initiatives need to be legally anchored into policy, guidelines, by-laws, and legislative instruments

• There is no monitoring and maintenance of improved infrastructure at settlement level

Findings:Capacity-building Needs Assessment

Policy, legislation, guidelines formulation and implementation

1. Lack of operational policies and guidelines for housing, urban development and unplanned settlement regularization

2. Insufficient harmonization with other sector laws, policies, planning and building requirements

3. Poor enforcement of existing policies, laws and by-laws


Awareness and internalisation 1. Limited comprehension of the relationship of the policies and legal

frameworks to the Cities Alliance Programme processes and activities2. Limited knowledge of the Cities Alliance Programme at all levels3. Limited awareness of innovative sources of funding for sustainable, large

scale settlement upgrading

Structural and coordination issues1. Insufficient coordination between programmes implemented in DCC with

those being implemented by the MLHHSD and the local government reforms being implemented in the city

2. Lack of clear mechanisms through which the 4LAs work with civil society organisations and the private sector.

3. Lack of urban planners, land officers, housing and settlement upgrading experts and some other land related fields at the ward level


Capacity building supply

1. Capacity building interventions often tagged and tailored to specific Programmes rather than LGA wide capacity needs

2. Glaring gaps in coordinating capacity building activities in local authorities

3. Limited training programmes directly related to upgrading informal settlements;

4. Limited on-the-job, in-house courses;

5. Limited cross-departmental training sessions for cross-fertilization;

6. Lack of formal municipal resource pools, to participate in capacity building delivery

7. Lack of a systematic and robust system through which the 4LAs monitor and evaluate the capacity building activities – including systems for quality assurance


Specific thematic skills1. Resource mobilisation and management;2. Community mobilisation to participate and get involved in upgrading work;3. Project planning and management; 4. Programmatic operation and maintenance; 5. Participatory planning and upgrading of unplanned and unserviced

settlements; 6. Infrastructure design standards; 7. Collection, storage, retrieval and use of information (including data base); 8. Monitoring and evaluation of upgraded projects


1. Extension and improvement of Residential Licenses 2. Incremental generalization of Certificates of Occupancy3. Community Land Trusts4. New land development with cost recovery and cross-

subsidies5. Block surveys to be promoted as intermediate solution6. Land-use standards to be reviewed to increase affordability7. Property registers managed by municipalities8. Land rent collection and utilization

Consultative Strategy Workshop (May 2007)

1 Land:

Water1. Increased infrastructure investment by Government2. DAWASA to cover the entire City 3. Water kiosks at 400m managed by Communities4. Water paid for by user fees

Sanitation1. Individual VIP latrines2. Emptying services through Public Private Partnerships (PPP)3. Technical and financial assistance to low-income households by DLAs

and NGOs4. Better collection of property taxes and their use for improved service

delivery


Basic Services:

Roads and Storm Water Drainage1. Gravel roads with storm water drainage provided by DLAs

Solid Waste Management1. Public waste collection points with trailer system managed by DLAs

Funding and Maintenance1. Services to be funded by capital grants from central government,

municipal bonds and part of land rents2. Maintenance by communities


Basic Services:

1. Housing Department in each Municipality to coordinate and provide technical assistance

2. Small scale private rental housing to be encouraged3. Building codes and standards to be reviewed to improve

affordability4. Loans for housing improvements managed by existing

institutions


Housing:

National Level:Steering Committee representatives of the Prime Ministers Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, MLHHSD and civil society organisations. The Steering Committee should be strengthened to include the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning as well as the Private Sector.

Dar-es-Salaam City Council:Establishment of clear functional roles for coordination

Municipalities:Physical implementation of the Action Plan

Communities:at the Ward and mtaa levels will be involved in the delivery of the Action Plan in decision-making, prioritising of interventions, community planning, and through community contracting and provision of labour.

Institutional roles & responsibilities

National Government to allocate resources for upgrading of the unplanned and unserviced settlements. Government could establish a Trust Fund for Upgrading to be financed from different sources including borrowing.

National Government to support the DLAs to mobilize resources for programme implementation.

Active engagement of local and international development partners.

Financial responsibilities

• Clarification that the ensuing Action Plan will be the next phase of CIUP and collaboration with other funded programmes relating to upgrading.

• Involvement of the private sector in the preparation and implementation of the Action Plan so as identify their areas of interest early in the process and to gain their support.

• Cost recovery to be the aim, which can be achieved in different ways, including through targeted subsidies. This must be clearly spelt out and sources for subsidies identified.

Financial responsibilities

Are City Development Strategies a good start for up scaling?

http://www.citiesalliance.org

claudio acioly jr. united nations human settlements ......china indonesia philippines cambodi a...

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