the french revolution. the french monarchy: 1775 - 1793 marie antoinette & louis xvi
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The French Revolution
The French Monarchy:The French Monarchy:1775 - 17931775 - 1793
Marie Antoinette & Louis Marie Antoinette & Louis XVIXVI
Let Them Eat Cake! Let Them Eat Cake!
The Necklace ScandalThe Necklace Scandal
““Madame Deficit”Madame Deficit”
““The Austrian Whore”The Austrian Whore”
The French Urban The French Urban PoorPoor
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Income Spent on Bread
1787
1788
Arthur Young
Travels in France
Socio-Economic Data, Socio-Economic Data, 17891789
Where is the tax Where is the tax money?money?
Lettres de CachetLettres de Cachet
The French king could warrantThe French king could warrantimprisonment or death in aimprisonment or death in asigned letter under his seal.signed letter under his seal.
A A carte-blanchecarte-blanche warrant. warrant.
Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000during the reign of Louis XV!during the reign of Louis XV!
Eliminated in 1790.Eliminated in 1790.
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate
The Number of The Number of RepresentativesRepresentatives
in the Estates General:in the Estates General:300
300
648
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate
The Suggested Voting The Suggested Voting Pattern:Pattern:
Voting by EstatesVoting by Estates1
1
1
Sieyes What is the
Third Estate?
Convening the Estates General Convening the Estates General May, 1789May, 1789
The Cahiers
Key Causes1. Property Rights - still very feudal
2. Financial ruin - debt, ineffective taxation, failed reforms, poverty
3. Resurgence of nobility v. Rising Bourgeoisie OR Purely Political(Classical vs Revisionist view)
4. Commoners- Fear, desperation, Storming of Bastille & The
Great Fear
““The Tennis Court The Tennis Court Oath”Oath”
by Jacques Louis Davidby Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789June 20, 1789
Storming the Bastille, Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789July 14, 1789
A rumor that the king was planning a military coup A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly.against the National Assembly.
18 died.18 died.
73 wounded.73 wounded.
7 guards killed.7 guards killed.
The Great Fear: The Great Fear: Peasant RevoltPeasant Revolt
(July 20, 1789)(July 20, 1789)
Rumors that the feudal aristocracy were Rumors that the feudal aristocracy were sending hired brigands to attack peasants sending hired brigands to attack peasants and pillage their land.and pillage their land.
““Great Fear”Great Fear”
The First PhaseModerate
Constituent Assembly1789-1791
National Constituent National Constituent AssemblyAssembly
1789 - 17911789 - 17911.1. Adopt the August DecreesAdopt the August Decrees
August 4-11, 1789August 4-11, 1789
• A rejection of aristocratic privileges!A rejection of aristocratic privileges!
2. 2. The Declaration of the Rights of Man The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizenand of the Citizen
• Liberty, propertyLiberty, property
Garnering Peaceful Support
The “October Days” The “October Days” (1789)(1789)
Violence & Fear Violence & Fear Again!...Again!...
Tuileries PalaceTuileries Palace
Flight of the Flight of the ÉmigrésÉmigrés
March of the March of the WomenWomen
To Versailles
Louis XVI “Accepts” the Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution Constitution
& the National Assembly. & the National Assembly. 17911791
Would it be correct to say Would it be correct to say that the French Revolution that the French Revolution did not truly get underway did not truly get underway
until two years after its until two years after its beginning?beginning?
French Constitution of 1791
A Bourgeois Government
A New GovernmentA New Government
• King with suspensive veto• Legislative Assembly
– Elected by “active citizens”
• An independent judiciary• 83 Departments• Financed by church
lands - assignats
Relationship with the Church
Revolution is anti-clerical!
Begins the long relationship between the Church and Conservative forces
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
• Government paid the salaries of the French clergy Government paid the salaries of the French clergy and maintained the churches.and maintained the churches.
• The church was reorganized:The church was reorganized:– Parish priests were elected by the district assemblies.Parish priests were elected by the district assemblies.– Bishops were named by the department assemblies.Bishops were named by the department assemblies.– The pope had NO voice in the appointment of The pope had NO voice in the appointment of
the French clergy.the French clergy.
• It transformed France’s Roman Catholic ChurchIt transformed France’s Roman Catholic Churchinto a branch of the state!!into a branch of the state!!
October 1791:
Constituent Assembly disbands for
Legislative Assembly under New
Constitution