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The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4Vocabulary 6-4
• Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that time between
Napoleon’s return to Paris from Elba (March 20), his final defeat
at Waterloo (June 18) and the restoration of King Louis XVIII
(June 28)
• Prince Klemens von Metternich: Austrian statesmen and
diplomat; he was the Austrian representative a the Congress of
Vienna
• Indemnity: compensation that is paid to a nation for the damage
inflicted upon it.
• Reactionary: an extremist who not only opposes change but
also wants to undo certain changes.
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
Main Idea
After defeating Napoleon, the European allies sent him into exile and held a
meeting in Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe.
Content Statement/Learning Goal:
Explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced the American Revolution, French
Revolution and Lain American wars for Independence.
Napoleon’s Fall
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
Costly Mistake
• Napoleon turned east in 1812 for attacks on Russia
• Was not prepared for attack on Russia
• Hoped for a quick victory before end of summer.
• Gets pulled into battles lasting through winter.
Russia
• Czar Alexander I didn’t like French troops on western border
• Sends troops to border
• Russia hurt by Continental System; country needed imports
• Napoleon did not like Russia troops movements
• wanted to teach Czar a lesson
1) Disaster and Defeat /The Russian Campaign
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
June 1812
• Napoleon w/ 600,000 troops
• Marched across Russian
border
French Move to Russia
• Russian troops/citizens pulled
east burned towns and fields
• French victory at Borodino, but
Russian army is larger
• Found Moscow in flames, where
they had hoped to stay winter.
Problems for French Army
• New recruits with no loyalty
• Supplies lost or spoiled
• Disease, desertion, and
hunger. 60,000-70,000 desert.
Retreat from Moscow
• Lacked food/supplies for brutal
winter temp.
• Attacked by citizen on march
• Only 94,000 men survived
1)The Russian Campaign-Beginning of the End
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
• Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain allied
against France. French Army very weak.
• Napoleon raised another army, but troops
inexperienced
• In March 1814, victorious allies entered Paris.
• Terms of surrender
• Napoleon gave up throne
• Exiled on tiny island of Elba
• Given a small pension and guards
2)Defeat and Exile to Elba
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4Location of Elba
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
• Allies thought that exiling Napoleon to Elba was the end of any
threat from Napoleon. They were wrong.
• French monarchy restored with King Louis XVIII by allies.
• King was unpopular (brother of Louis XVI):feared return of Old
Order.
• Returned borders of France back to what they were in 1792.
3)The Last Campaigns
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 44)The Hundred Days
• Napoleon returns after year in exile: Louis
leaves in panic
• Napoleon declared outlaw by allies
• French citizens were split on Napoleon’s return
• Hundred Days- Brief period of renewed glory
• Hundred Days: (1815) period that marks that
time between Napoleon’s return to Paris from
Elba (March 20), his final defeat at Waterloo
(June 18) and the restoration of King Louis XVIII
(June 28)
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
• Duke of Wellington led
final confrontation
• British and Prussian
armies defeat weak
French troops
• Crushing defeat for
Napoleon
• End of Napoleons control
• End of the Napoleonic
Wars
5)Battle of Waterloo
• Tried to escape capture during
battle
• French turn him over to British
• Exiled to Saint Helena
• Volcanic island in South
Atlantic 1200 miles from land
• Remained imprisoned for six
years
• Died at 51; cause of death
never determined
6)Napoleon’s Final Days
The Last Campaigns
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4Location of St. Helena
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
700 delegates attend the negotiators
• Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain
• Czar Alexander I of Russia
• Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
LeaderReactionary
• Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France in place of King
Louis VXIII who has retaken the throne of France.
Goals for Other Decision Makers
• Make sure France could not rise again to power
• Remove traces of Napoleon and French Revolution; Restore
order to Europe
• Put down revolution wherever it might appear
• Gave $$ to allies for war
• Redraw map of Europe
7) The Congress of Vienna/The Negotiators
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
National borders
• Congress changed many borders
• Wanted to strengthen nations
surrounding France
• Reduce chances of French
attacks
Process
• Countries that aided
France lost territory
• Countries that fought
France gained territory
New Countries
• Netherlands created
• Sweden and Norway combine
• Austria and 38 German states
in German Confederation
France’s loss
• All conquered territory
• Boundaries back to 1792
• Forced to pay indemnity,
or compensation for
damages
8)Redrawing the Map
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 4
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 49)Metternich’s Influence
• His reactionary attitudes influenced politics and
society.
• Wanted conditions to return to an earlier time
• He hated constitutions, voting rights, freedom of
religion and press. ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS!!
• MONARCHIES RESTORED!
• Liberal ideas were suppressed in Austria, the German
states, and northern Italy.
• Secret police spied on violators
• Opponents were jailed or fined
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 410)The Revolution’s Legacy
Was the French Revolution a failure?
Short Term:
• After Congress of Vienna, monarchs ruled again even in
France
– Citizens’ rights restricted
– Nobles returned to their previous lifestyles
Long Term:
• French Revolution changed Europe
– Monarchies no longer secure
– Common people learned they could change the world
– Ideals of human dignity, personal liberty, and equality
– Enlightenment crossed the Atlantic to Latin America,
eventually inspired political movements in Asia and Africa