the formation of english nouns

8/17/2019 The Formation of English Nouns

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THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH NOUNS

THROUGH DERIVATION

GROUP 5:

11B01086 RIZKA INDAHYANTI

11B01095 RAHMANIAR GUSRIANTI

11B01097 ASRIANA

11B01099 SUHARTINA A. BUSRAH

GRADUATE PROGRAM

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR

011


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THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH NOUNS THROUGH DERIVATION

1. T!" F#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! N#)- /('! '!" S**( (#)

Dictionary

For the formation of English nouns with suffix-ion, first we list all the words or stems used as the base of the word formation rules in the Dictionary (3-1) as thefirst component of generatie morphology of !ronolf"s model as follows#

(3-1) (a) $compete% (g) $rebel%

(b) $educate% (h) $repeat%

(c) $examine% (i) $reeal%(d) $exclude% (&) $resole%

(e) $express% (') $resume%

(f) $&ustify%

ord formation ule

*he rule for the formation of English nouns with the suffix-ion can be formulated

as follows#

(+F-1) $% $$% .$-ion%suf%+

*he (+F-1) states that English nouns can be formed by adding the suffix-ion tothe base consisting of erbs as found in the Dictionary (3-1) with the meaning /theact of .ing02nderlying epresentation

y applying (+F-1), the following underlying representations can be generated#

4$5$compete% . $-ion%suf5%+ 4$5$rebel% . $-ion%suf5%+

4$5$educate% . $-ion%suf5%+ 4$5$repeat% . $-ion%suf5%+

4$5$examine% . $-ion%suf5%+ 4$5$reeal% . $-ion%suf5%+

4$5$excludee% . $-ion%suf5%+ 4$5$resole% . $-ion%suf5%+

4$5$express% . $-ion%suf5%+ 4$5$resume% . $-ion%suf5%+

4$5$&ustify% . $-ion%suf5%+ 4$5$rebel% . $-ion%suf5%+


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!ll of the aboe underlying representations are ungrammatical or unacceptable*here are underlying representations which are phonologically unacceptable# andthere are underlying representations which are phonologically and morphologicallyunacceptable

ead&ustment ule

*he following unacceptable underlying representations6

4$5$examine7 ig8 min7%$-ion%suf5%+ᴂ

4$5$reeal% . $-ion%suf5%+

9ust go through a read&ustment process in which the formatie at is inserted at theend of the base *he rule for this read&ustment process can be formulated#

(-1) $$base% . $-ion%suf%+

1 :

1.at :

*his rule states that the base ta'es the formatie at when the suffix-ion is added tothe base

;urface epresentation

y applying (-1), the following surface representations can be generated

4$5$examine.at% . $-ion%suf5%+

4$5$reeal.at% . $-ion%suf5%+

*hese surface representation are phonologically unacceptable, so that they must gothrough certain processes


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. T!" F#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! N#)- /('! '!" S**( '2

Dictionary

a) $actie%!d&

b) $certain%!d&

c) $continue%

d) $cruel%!d&

e) $electric%!d&

f) $frail%!d&

g) $loyal%!d&

h) $noel%!d&

ord Formation ule

(+F-:) $%7!d& $ $%!d& . $-ty%;uf%+

;emantics /the @uality, state, or condition of 02nderlying epresentation

4$5$actie%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$certain%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$continue% . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$cruel%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$electric%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$frail%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$loyal%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$noel%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$safe%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$similar%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+

4$5$special%!d& . $-ty%;uf5%+


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utput 6 $continuity 7 'entinyu6iti7%

3. T!" F#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! N#)- /('! '!" S**( %")'

Dictionary

a) $abolish%

b) $achiee%c) $assign%

d) $fulfill%

e) $goern%

f) $inest%

g) $manage%


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h) $measure%

ord Formation ule

(+F-3) $$% $$% . $-ment%;uf%+2nderlying epresentation

$5$abolish% . $-ment%;uf5%+

$5$achiee% . $-ment%;uf5%+

$5$assign% . $-ment%;uf5%+

$5$fulfill% . $-ment%;uf5%+

$5$goern% . $-ment%;uf5%+

$5$inest% . $-ment%;uf5%+

T!" F#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! N#)- /('! '!" S**( )"--

Dictionary

a) $clean%!d&

b) $fast%!d&

c) $fine%!d&

d) $'ind%!d&

e) $la8y%!d&

f) $li'e%!d&

g) $mad%!d&h) $polite%!d&

i) $rude%!d&

&) $short%!d&

') $sweet%!d&


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ord Formation ule

(+F-) $%!d& $$%!d& . $-ness%;uf%+

;emantics 6 /the state or condition of 02nderlying epresentation

$5$clean%!d& . $-ness% ;uf5%+

$5$fast%!d& . $-ness% ;uf5%+

$5$fine%!d& . $-ness% ;uf5%+

$5$'ind%!d& . $-ness% ;uf5%+

$5$la8y%!d& . $-ness% ;uf5%+

$5$li'e%!d& . $-ness% ;uf5%+

$5$mad%!d& . $-ness% ;uf5%+

5. T!" F#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! N#)- /('! '!" S**( !##4

Dictionary

a) $bachelor%+

b) $boy%+

c) $brother%+

d) $child%+

e) $father%+

f) $mother%+

g) $priest%+

h) $widow%ord Formation ule

(+F-A) $% $$%+ . $-hood%;uf%+

$-abstr% $-abstr% $-abstr%

;emantics 6 1/the status or condition of the sex of 0


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: /the @uality of ran' of 02nderlying epresentation

!ll already acceptable

T!" F#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! N#)- /('! '!" S**( &)"

Dictionary (3-)

a) $accept%

b) $ac@uaint%

c) $annoy%

d) $appear%

e) $assist%

f) $attend%

g) $further%

h) $maintain%

ord Formation ule

( +F-) $$% $$% . $-ance%;uf%+2nderlying epresentation

$5$accept% . $-ance%;uf5%+

$5$ac@uaint% . $-ance%;uf5%+

$5$annoy% . $-ance%;uf5%+

$5$appear% . $-ance%;uf5%+

$5$assist% . $-ance%;uf5%+

$5$attend% . $-ance%;uf5%+

G T!" F#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! N#)- /('! '!" S**( ")"

Dictionary


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*he base for the formation of the English nouns with the suffix Hence is listed indictionary (3-G) as follows6

(3-G) (a) $confide% (f) $precede%

(b) $emerge% (g) $prefer%

(c) $correspond% (h) $maintain%

(d) $exist% (i) $reminisce%

(e) $interfere%

ord Formation ule

(+F-G) $% $$% . $-ence%;uf%+

;emantics6 /the act or result of .ing0

*his rule states that English nouns can be formed by adding the suffix Hence to the base consisting of erbs as indicated in the Dictionary (3-G) with the meaning /theact or result of .ing02nderlying epresentation

*he application of (+F-G) can generate the following underlying representations6

4$5$confide% . $-ence%;uf5%+ $5$precede% . $-ence%;uf5%+

$5$correspond% . $-ence%;uf5%+ 4$5$prefer% . $-ence%;uf5%+

$5$emerge% . $-ence%;uf5%+ 4$5$proide% . $-ence%;uf5%+

$5$exist% . $-ence%;uf5%+ 4$5$refer% . $-ence%;uf5%+

$5$infer% . $-ence%;uf5%+ $5$reminisce% . $-ence%;uf5%+

$5$interfere% . $-ence%;uf5%+

*here are four underlying representations, which are phonologically unacceptable,and the others are already acceptable *he acceptable underlying representationscan directly become the output without going through the read&ustment rule as wellas the phonological rule as follows6

$correspondence% $interference%

$emergence% $precede%


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$existence% $reminiscence%

$inference%


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9ust go through two phonological processes, namely lowering in which the highowel phoneme 7i7 changes to the mid owel phoneme 7e7# and shortening in whichthe log owel phoneme 7 67 changes to the short owel phoneme 7 7 *he firstǝ ǝ

phonological process is handled by (


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$collector% $reader%

$consumer% $spea'er%

$drier% $superisor%

$farmer% $teacher%

$instructor% $isitor%

$inader% $wor'er%

$obserer% $writer%

9. T!" *#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! )#)- /('! -**( "

Dictionary

*he base for the formation of english nouns with suffix H ce is listed in thedictionary as follows6

a) $apparent%ad& (i) $independent%ad&

b) $deiant%ad& (&) $impudent%ad&

c) $diligent%ad& (') $patient%ad&

d) $distant%ad& (l) $pertinet%ad&

e) $dominant%ad& (m) $present%ad&

f) $elegant%ad& (n) $tolerant%ad&

g) $excelent%ad& (o) $tubulent%ad&

h) $ignorant%ad&ord formation rule

(+F-I)$%ad& $$%ad& . $-ce%suf%n

;emantics6 /the state of being 0


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2nderlying representation

hen (+F-I) is applied, we can generate the following 26

4$5$apparent%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n 4$5$independent%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n

4$5$deiant%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n 4$5$impudent%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n

4$5$diligent%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n 4$5$patient%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n

4$5$distant%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n 4$5$pertinent%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n

4$5$dominant%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n 4$5$present%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n

4$5$elegant%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n 4$5$tolerant%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n

4$5$excelent%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n 4$5$turbulent%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n

4$5$ignorant%ad& . $-ce%suf5%n

!ll the 2 aboe are phonologically unacceptable *o be acceptable, they must gothrough a phnological process called syllable structure processin which the stopconsonant phoneme 7t7 at the end of the base is deleted *he rule for this

phonological process is (


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10. T!" *#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! )#)- /('! -**( 2

Dictionary

*he base for the formation of English nouns with the suffix H cy is listed in thedictionary as follows6$accountant%n g) $president%n$agent%n h) $redundant%ad&$constant%ad& i) $stagnant%ad&$infant%n &) $sufficient%ad&$malignant%ad& ' $acant%ad&$pregnat%ad&

ord formation rule

(+F-1K) $%ad&7n $$%ad&7n . $-cy%suf%n

;emantics6 1 /*he state of being 0

: /the office or term of office of an 0

3 /place of business of an 0

/profession of an 0

A /use of land, ect !s an , length of time during which an uses land, ect0


*he application of (+F-1K) can generate the following 26

4$5$accountant%n . $-cy%suf5%n 4$5$president%n . $-cy%suf5%n

4$5$agent%n . $-cy%suf5%n 4$5$redundant%ad& . $-cy%suf5%n

4$5$constant%ad& . $-cy%suf5%n 4$5$sufficient%ad& . $-cy%suf5%n

4$5$infant%n . $-cy%suf5%n 4$5$stagnant%ad& . $-cy%suf5%n

4$5$malignant%ad& . $-cy%suf5%n 4$5$acant%ad& . $cy%suf5%n

4$5$pregnant%ad& . $-cy%suf5%n

!ll the 2 aboe are phonologically unacceptable *o be acceptable, they must gothrough a phnological process called syllable structure processin which the stopconsonant phoneme 7t7 at the end of the base is deleted *he rule for this

phonological process is (


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*he process of deriation can be described by giing some example below6

2 6 4$5$accountant%n . $-cy%suf5%n

utput 6 $accountancy%

2 6 4$5$president%n . $-cy%suf5%n

utput 6 $presidency%

2 6 4$5$redundant%ad& . $-cy%suf5%n

utput 6 $redundancy%

11. T!" *#$%&'(#) #* ")+,(-! )#)- /('! -**( &,

Dictionary

*he base for the formation of english nouns with the suffix H al is listed in thedictionary as follows6

a) $appraise% f) $propose%

b) $approe% g) $rehearse%

c) $aow% h) $renew%

d) $disperse% i) $rent%

e) $dispose% &) $withdraw%

ord formation rule

(+F-11) $% $$% . $-al%suf%n

;emantics6 /the act of . ing02nderlying representation

*he application of (+F-11) can generate the following 26


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$5$appraise% . $-al%suf5%n $5$propose% . $-al%suf5%n

$5$approe% . $-al%suf5%n $5$rehearse% . $-al%suf5%n

$5$aow% . $-al%suf5%n $5$renew% . $-al%suf5%n

$5$disperse% . $-al%suf5%n $5$rent% . $-al%suf5%n

$5$dispose% . $-al%suf5%n $5$withdraw% . $-al%suf5%n

ecause all the 2 aboe are acceptable, so that they directly become the output asfollows6

$apprisal% $proposal%

$approal% $rehearsal%

$aowal% $renewal%

$dispersal% $rental%

$disposal% $withdrawal%

1. T!" *#$%&'(#) #* E)+,(-! )#)- /('! -**( ""

Dictionary

*he base for the formation of english nouns with the suffix H ee is listed in thedictionary as follows6

a) $address% f) $examine%

b) $detain% g) $interiew%

c) $diorce% h) $nominate%d) $employ% i) $pay%

e) $eacuate% &) $train%ord formation rule

(+F-1:) $% $$% . $-ee%suf%n

;emantics6 /one who is . ed02nderlying representation


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*he application of (+F-1:) can generate the following 26

$5$address% . $-ee%suf5%n $5$examine% . $-ee%suf5%n

$5$detain% . $-ee%suf5%n $5$interiew% . $-ee%suf5%n

$5$diorce% . $-ee%suf5%n $5$nominate% . $-ee%suf5%n

$5$employ% . $-ee%suf5%n $5$pay% . $-ee%suf5%n

$5$eacuate% . $-ee%suf5%n $5$train% . $-ee%suf5%

>ut of the aboe 2, two of them are morphologically unacceptableead&ustment rule

*he following unacceptable 26

4$5$eacuate% . $-ee%suf5%n

4$5$nominate% . $-ee%suf5%n

*he , that is, the truncation rule can be formulated as follows6

(-A) $$eacu7nomin.ate% . $-ee%suf%n

1 : 3

1 C 3

*his process of deriation can be described in the following6

2 6 4$5$eacu.ate% . $-ee%suf5%n

-A Deletion of ate 6 $5$ eacu% . $-ee%suf5%n

;7>utput 6 $eacuee%

2 6 4$5$nomin.ate% . $-ee%suf5%n

-A Deletion of ate 6 $5$nomin% . $-ee%suf5%n

;7>utput 6 $nominee%


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13. T!" *#$%&'(#) #* ")+,(-! )#)- /('! -**( &)

Dictionary

*he base for the formation of english nouns with the suffix Han is listed in thedictionary as follows6$america%n$cosetic%n$egipt%n$history%n$indonesia%ord formation rule

(+F-13) $%n $$%n . $-an%suf%n

;emantics 6 1 /one who is expert or s'illful in 0

: /the people or language of 02nderlying epresentation

*he application of (+F-13) can generate the folowing 26

4$5$america%n . $-an%suf5%n

4$5$cosmetic%n . $-an%suf5%n

4$5$ma&ic%n . $-an%suf5%n

4$5$logic%n . $-an%suf5%n

4$5$indonesia%n . $-an%suf5%n

!ll the 2 aboe are phonological unacceptable , so that they must go throughcertain phonological processesutput 6 $american 7Mmeri'Mn7%

2 6 4$5$indonesia 7indouni68iM7%n . $-an%suf5%n


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>utput 6 $Nndonesian 7indouni68iMn7%

2 6 4$5$cosmetic 7'osmeti'7%n . $-an%suf5%n

utput 6 $logician 7louOi=Mn7%

2 6 4$5$magic 7m?Oi'7%n . $-an%suf5%n


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: /custom or practice related to 0

3 /theory or belief related to 0

/system related to 0

A /science related to 0

/policy related to 0


*he application of (+F-1)can generate the following 26

$5$cannibal%n . $-ism%suf5%n $5$material%n . $-ism%suf5%n

$5$capital%n . $-ism%suf5%n $5$national%ad& . $-ism%suf5%n

$5$colonial%ad& . $-ism%suf5%n $5$social%ad& . $-ism%suf5%n

4$5$feminine%ad& . $-ism%suf5%n $5$symbol%n . $-ism%suf5%n

4$5$hero%n . $-ism%suf5%n $5$tour%n . $-ism%suf5%n

$5$magnet%n . $-ism%suf5%n

!mong the 2 aboe , only two of them are phonological unacceptable, so thatthey must go through certain phonological processes in order that they can beacceptableead&ustment rule


4$5$feminine%ad& . $-ism%suf5%n

(-) $femin.ine%ad& . $-ism%suf%n1 : 3

1 C 3;urface representation

*he application of (-) can generate the following ;6

$5$femin%ad& . $-ism%suf5%n

*he process of deriation can be described as follows6


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2 6 4$5$femin.ine%ad& . $-ism%suf5%n

-: Deletion of ine 6 $5$femin%ad& . $-ism%suf5%n

;7>utput 6 $feminism 7femini8Mm7%


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*he application of (+F-1A) can generate the following 26

4$5$bicycle%n . $-ist%suf5%n $5$&ournal%n . $-ist%suf5%n

4$5$biology%n . $-ist%suf5%n $5$national%ad& . $-ist%suf5%n

$5$capital%n . $-ist%suf5%n $5$natural%ad& . $-ist%suf5%n

4$5$economy%n . $-ist%suf5%n 4$5$psychiatry%n . $-ist%suf5%n

$5$instrumental%ad& . $-ist%suf5%n 4$5$psychology%n . $-ist%suf5%n

!mong the 2 aboe, there are fie of them which are phonological unacceptableutput 6 $bicyclist 7baisi'list7%


4$5$biology%n . $-ist%suf5%n

4$5$economy%n . $-ist%suf5%n

4$5$psychiatry%n . $-ist%suf5%n

4$5$psychology%n . $-ist%suf5%n*he process of deriation can be described in the following6

2 6 4$5$biology 7baiolMOi7%n . $-ist%suf5%n

utpt 6 $biologist 7 bailoMOist7%

2 6 4$5$economy 7i'onMmi7%n . $-ist%suf5%n


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utput 6 $psychiatrist 7sai'aiMtrist7%

2 6 4$5$psychology 7sai'olMOi7%n . $-ist%suf5%n


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1 C 3;urface representation

*he process of deriation can be described as follows6

2 6 4$5$intim.ate%ad& . $-acy%suf5%n

- Deletion of ate 6 $$intim%ad& . $-acy%suf5%n

>utput 6 $intimacy%

2 6 4$5$intric.ate%ad& . $-acy%suf5%h

-G Deletion of ate 6 $$intric%ad& . $-acy%suf5%n

>utput 6 $intricacy%

2 6 4$5$legitim.ate%ad& . $-acy%suf5%n

-G Deletion of ate 6 $$legim%ad& . $-acy%suf5%n

>utput 6 $legitmacy%

2 64$5$obstin.ate%ad& . $-acy%suf5%n

-G Deletion of ate 6 $$obstin%ad& . $-acy%suf5%n

>utput 6 $obstinacy%


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$hermit%+ $5$hermit%+ . $-age%;uf 5%+ hermitage

$pac'%+ $5$pac'%+ . $-age%;uf 5%+ pac'age

$brea'%B $5$brea'%B . $-age%;uf 5%+ brea'age

$parson%+ $5$parson%+ . $-age%;uf 5%+ parsonage

$patron%B $5$patron%B . $-age%;uf 5%+ patronage

$post%+ $5$post%+ . $-age%;uf 5%+ postage

$icar%+ $5$icar%+ . $-age%;uf 5%+ icarage

18. T!" F#$%&'(#) #* N#)- /('! '!" S**( 4#%

a Dictionary b ord Formation ule c 2nderlying epresentation >utput

listed in the dictionary (3H1L) (+F-1L) $%+7B7!d& $$%+7B7!d& . $-dom%;uf%+

$bore%B $5$bore%B . $-dom%;uf 5%+ boredom

$free%!d& $5$free%+ . $-dom%;uf 5%+ freedom

'ing%+ $5$'ing%+ . $-dom%;uf 5%+ 'ingdom

$martyr%+ $5$martyr%+ . $-dom%;uf 5%+ martyrdom

$wise%!d& 4$5$wise%!d& . $-dom%;uf 5%+ wisdom

4d


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19. T!" F#$%&'(#) #* N#)- /('! '!" S**( $2"$2


listed in the dictionary (3H1I) (+F-1I) $%+7B7!d& $$%+7B7!d&.$-ry7-ery%;uf%+

$brae%!d& $5$brae%!d& . $-ery%;uf 5%+ braery

$citi8en%+ $5$citi8en%+ . $-ry%;uf 5%+ citi8enry

$dentist%+ $5$dentist%+ . $-ry%;uf 5%+ dentistry

$gallant%!d& $5$gallant%!d& . $-ry%;uf 5%+ gallantry

$herald%+ $5$herald%+ . $-ry%;uf 5%+ heraldry

$machine%+ $5$machine%+ . $-ery%;uf 5%+ machinery

$moc'%B $5$moc'%B . $-ery%;uf 5%+ moc'ery

$peasant%+ $5$peasant%+ . $-ry%;uf 5%+ peasantry

$rial%B $5$rial%B . $-ry%;uf 5%+ rialry

0. T!" F#$%&'(#) #* N#)- /('! '!" S**( $"


listed in the dictionary (3H:K) (+F-:K) $%B7!d& $$%B7!d& . $-ure%;uf%+

$depart%B 4$5$depart%B . $-ure%;uf 5%+ departure

$rapt%!d& 4$5$rapt%!d& . $-ure%;uf 5%+ rapture

4d


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>utput 6 $departure 7d1"pa6RM7%

2 6 4$5$rapt 7r?pt7%!d& . $-ure%;uf 5%+

utput 6 $rapture 7r?pRM7%


Qisted in the dictionary (3H:K) (+F-:K) $%B7!d& $$%B7!d& . $-ure%;uf%+

$expand%B 4$5$expend%B . $-ure%;uf 5%+ expenditure

$inest%B 4$5$inest%B . $-ure%;uf 5%+ inestiture

4d ead&ustment ule

*he read&ustment process in which the formatie it is inserted at the end of the basewhen the suffix Hure is added to the base

(-L) $$expend7inest%B . $-ure%;uf%+

1 :

: 1 . it :

4e ;urface epresentation

*he application of (-L) can generate the following unacceptable surfacerepresentations6

4$5$expend.it%B . $-ure%;uf 5%+

4$5$inest.it%B . $-ure%;uf 5%+

hich are phonologically unacceptable, so that they must go through certain


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phoneme 7R7 when suffix Hure is added to the base *he rule for this phonological process can be formulated in the following6

(


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4d


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$wide%!d& 4$5$wide%!d& . $-th%;uf 5%+ width

4d


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$occupy%B 4$5$occupy%B . $-ant%;uf 5%+ occupant

$participate%B 4$5$participate%B . $-ant%;uf 5%+ participant

4d ead&usment ule

4$5$participate%B . $-ant%;uf 5%+

(-I) 4$$particip . ate%B . $-ant%;uf%

1 : 3

1 C 3

*he rule states that the formatie ate is deleted from base when the suffix Hant isadded to the base

e ;urface epresentation

$5$participate%B . $-ant%;uf 5%+

. T!" F#$%&'(#) #* N#)- /('! '!" S**( ()+

Dictionary

*he base for the formation of English nouns with the suffix-ing is listed in thedictionary (:) as follows#

(:) (a) $begin%B (f) $open%B

(b) $close%B (g) $read%B

(c) $come%B (h) $spea'%B

(d) $hear%B (i) $teach%B(e) $listen%B

ord Formation ule

(+F-:) $%B $$%B . $-ing%;uf%

*he rules states that English nouns can be formed by adding the suffix-ing to the base consisting of erbs as listed in the dictionary (:) with the meaning /act of .ing0

2nderlying epresentation


33/33

*he application of (+F-:) can generatie the following underlyingrepresentations#

4$5$begin%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+ 4$5$open%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+

4$5$close%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+ 4$5$read%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+

4$5$come%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+ 4$5$spea'%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+

4$5$hear%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+ 4$5$teach%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+

4$5$listen%B . $-ing%;uf 5%+

>nly one of the aboe underlying represntations is unacceptable# the others are

already acceptable, so they directly become the output as follows#

$closing% $opening%

$coming% $reading%

$hearing% $spea'ing%

$listening% $teaching%

the formation of english nouns

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