the five theories of river management_1

7/26/2019 The Five Theories of River Management_1

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THE FIVE THEORIES OF RIVER

MANAGEMENT

(Based on Nucleus Solution of Analogous Problems

of the Human Body System)

Let the whole world enjoy the Ganga!al

Prof" #" $" %houdharyThe Ganga Research Centre,Deptt.of Civil Engg.I.T.,Banaras Hindu University

THE GANGA RESEARCH CENTRE

I.T., B.H.U., VARANASI-221 005 (INDIA)

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Choudhary, U.K. (b. 1!5)

The Five Theories of River Management

("# $a%&' ("2 $a%&' $r*&d boo+) *h 1 $ho*o%ra$h, %ur&',

ad *ab/&')

(RC ub/a*o No.-2)

Ist Edition, 2!

"ri#e Rs$ %!&', ( %!

u!lisher

Ganga S#ientifi# and Te#hni#a) Co*n#i)

The Ganga Resear#h Center

I.T., B.H.U.,Varaa'-221005 (Ida)

+ $-$ Cho*dhar.

Th& a%a R&'&arh C&*r&

I.T., B.H.U., Varaa', U 221 005 (Ida)

3-4a/ u+6*bhu7yahoo.o4

"ll rights reserved. #o part of the pu!lication $ay !e reproduced,

stored in a retrieval syste$, or trans$itted in any for$ or !y any$eans% electronic, $echanical, photocopying, recording or other&ise,

&ithout the prior &ritten per$ission of the copyright holder.

"


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CONTENTS

&" 'heory of lood itigation P" *

+" %onfluence 'heory of eandering anagement P" &&

," 'heory of 'hree Gradients P" &-

." 'heory of /aterSharing P" ++

*" 'heory of 0i1er Pollution odelling P" +2ew %omments 3n 'he 'heories P" ,&

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INTRO/CTION

Th& a*&r r&8ur&4&* o our body 9ar&' aord% *o *h&8ua/*y ad 8ua**y o ood & o'u4&. 39& *h& ra*& ad8ua**y o ar & ha/& ha%&. Aord%/y '*o4ah, /u%',

body '$a&, &*. &:$ad ad o*ra*, ad a/'o b/ood ru/a*o(&&r%y) %&*' 4od&d. Aa/o%ou' ' *h& a'& *h *h& r9&r

'y'*&4. Th& 'o/ ba'& o r9&r d&&' *h& 8ua/*y ad dya4' oa*&r. Th' ur*h&r d&&' *h& ha%& o:y%& o*&* o

/o% a*&r a' &// a' '$a& ad &&r%y o *h& r9&r. Thu', *h&*&rr&/a*o'h$ o *h& o'**u&*' ad u*o% o our body

ad r9&r ar& a/+&. R9&r, *h&r&or&, ' a /9% 'y'*&4. Th&

a$$/a*o o *h' o&$* $ro9d&' a &a'y ad 'u'*aab/&

'o/u*o *o a// r9&r $rob/&4' a* a 44a/ o'*.

Th& o&$* o r9&r a' /9% 'y'*&4 a' $ro9d&d by %r&a*'a%&' *h& V&da',uranasad o*h&r Ida &$', da*&d .1000

BC3- C300. Th' &&d' *o b& a$$/&d *h& &/d o '&& ad

*&ho/o%y. Th& or/d o*u&' *o 'u&r ro4 /ood, 'o/&ro'o, a*&r $o//u*o ad o*h&r r9&r r&/a*&d $rob/&4' d&'$*&

h%h /&9&/ o '&* ah&9&4&*'. ;ay '&*'*' *hrou%hou**h& or/d ar& *ry% *h&r /&9&/ b&'* *o 'o/9& *h&'& $rob/&4'.

Ho&9&r, *h& 'o/u*o' ar& ar o *h *h& $r&'&* 4&*hodo/o%y.

Ud&r *h& /9% o&$* * ' oud *ha* *h& o'**u&*', or%a',

&&r%&' ad or+% $o*&*a/' o r9&r 'y'*&4' ar& *&r-r&/a*&da' *h&y ar& our body. , =Th&ory o ?a*&r Shar% ad Th&ory o o//u*o

;od&/%>. Th&'& *h&or&' ar& d&*a/&d ou* *h& au*hor>' boo+ @==Th& 9% S4/ar*y b&*&& *h& a%a ad *h& Hu4a

Body>> (ISBN 1-525-"2-). *h& ba' ra4& a' d&&dabo9&, * ' *hou%h* *o d&*y *h& aa/o%ou' hu4a $rob/&4' *ha*

ou/d b& d&9&/o$&d *o *h& *h&ory or 'o/9% r9&r $rob/&4' a*

%/oba/ /&9&/.

Prof" #" $" %houdhary

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THEOR0 OF F1OO/ MITIGATION

ocal thought 4Is flood analogous to hu$an vo$iting'inding 4 Drag and flood are as related as (tress and

(trains.

Preamble 5

6f the digestive potential of a hu$an !eing is so strongthat &hatever he eats, gets digested) one can ta*e large

+uantity of food &ithout suffering fro$ pro!le$s li*e vo$iting.But, if a hu$an !eing suffering fro$ poor digestion ta*es

ecessive food, he &ill vo$it. (i$ilar to this, &hen a river runs

through the $ountain, its !asin area is s$all and rainfall is$ore, !ut the sharp gradient of the land disposes the fastaccu$ulating run%off and there is no pro!le$ of flood here.

The !asin area of the sa$e river continuously increases as it

reaches the plain. Thus, the run%off increases, !ut the slope ofthe river decreases. Therefore, the pro!le$ of flood increases

as the distance in do&nstrea$ increases. " da$ constructed on

the $ountain, is therefore, not the solution of flood. "s thenu$!er of da$s is increasing) proportionately the flood%prone

area is also increasing. In the !ody of the river and the hu$an

!eing the inco$ing su!stances can !e controlled. Thus

volu$etric potentials of flood%plain of river and sto$achpotential of hu$an can !e conserved. (i$ilarly, the drainage

potential of river and digestive potential of hu$an can !e

$ai$i-ed. This $ethodology can !e used in the $anage$entof flood also. n this concept the theory of flood $itigation has

!een postulated. 5 /The 0iving (i$ilarity Bet&een the Ganga and the Hu$anBody/ 1GHB2 I(B# 34%5676%837%5, pu!lished !y Ganga (cientific

and Technical Council, Ganga Research Centre, "uthorrof.U.9.Choudhary, age%7:.

Introd*#tion

Iuda*o ad /ood ar& $r4ar/y *h& u*o o '*a*a&ou'

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ru-o. Th&y ar& a/'o u*o o '*ora%& ad draa%& $o*&*a/'

o /ood $/a. I* a a/'o b& '*a*&d *ha* /ood ' 9&r'&/y

$ro$or*oa/ *o dra% or& o *h& ba', ad dr&*/y $ro$or*oa/

*o dra% or& o *h& /ood-$/a. I* ' *h&r&or&, 4aa%&4&* odra% or&' *h& ba' ad *ha* *h& /ood $/a /&ad' *o


8/37

*h& r9&r b&d '&d4&*a*o. H&&, dya4 ha%&' *h&

/o hara*&r'*', ur*h&r /&ad *o &ro'o o r9&r ba+ ad

r'& /ood h&%h*. Th' $rob/&4 a b& 4aa%&d *h *h&

a$$/a*o o r'* $r$/& o Th&ory o


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Thu', *h& S&od r$/& o


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576

5#6ig"+" 6ncreasing Pressuredrag orces of the Sand Bed and its

0elationshi8 with the 9rosion:eandering

ig" ," 6ncreasing height of sand bed as the flow ad1ances

down stream

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or4 ad $r&''ur& dra% b&o4& 44u4.

>The adverse gradient of the flood plain area !e $anaged

parallel to the average $ain strea$ !ed%slope &hich is

re+uired to enhance the drainage potential for $itigating theflood.?

Remar8s

Th& ad9&r'& %rad&* o *h& o9&: 'd& /ood $/a '

ba'&d o *h& /oa*o ad d4&'o o u/&u' o'&d4&*a*o ad Go& o /o '&$ara*o a* *h& &:* $or*o o

*h& r9&r b&d.


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CONF1ENCE THEOR0

OF MEAN/ERING MANAGEMENT

ocal 'hought4(piritual i$portance of river confluence

in India'

inding4River confluences on concave side.

Preamble5

"n Ideal friendship@relationship cul$inates in happiness.

The !odyAs vi!ration reduces, and the energy gets !alanced

and it is felt that the !ody has attained its o&n natural

fre+uency. Thus !ody function !eco$es nor$al and the span oflife increases as a pleasant at$osphere is created. (i$ilarly,

river confluences provide relatively sta!le &ater energy level,

pleasant region of silt and sand 1locally *no&n as Di%ara2,$oderate !ed slope and fresh air &ith $ore hu$idity, &hich

provide the life su!stances. It see$s fro$ the description in the

ancient past that the great sages of India &ere the greatscientists &ho reali-ed the space and ti$e in &hich the

do$inance of energy%flo& ta*es place. They had therefore,

instructed the hu$an !eing to utili-e this. n account of thisfact, the 9u$!h%ela1an Indian religious festival2 is

organi-ed at the confluence of the holy river Ganga and the

a$una at "llaha!ad. This is the largest gathering of the&orld &here $illions of people gather. It see$s, the unification

of various &isdo$s, cultures, civili-ations and different &ays

of spiritualis$ is depicting the colour of the integrated energy

!and of India. n the !asis of the sta!ility criteria of theconfluence region, the confluence theory of $eandering

$anage$ent has !een postulated.

1GHBPage no" .;)

Introd*#tion

Th& a*ur& 44G&' ad o*ro/' *h& 4&ad&r% da4a%&' a*

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*h& o/u&&. R9&r o/u&&' our o *h& oa9& 'd& a'

'ho Tab/&-1. Th' ' *h& 'd& h&r& 4&ad&r% a/'o *a+&'

$/a&. Th' d%, a*ura//y, u'*&' *ha* *h& o/u&%

*rbu*ary 4&&*' o *h& oa9& 'd& o *h& 4a r9&r. Th&y4&&* a* 'u*ab/& o/u&& a%/& *h& 'a4& b&d /&9&/ &ar *h&

ba+. Th& &ro'o $o+&* ' //&d u$ du& *o r&a*o o

'&$ara*o Go&. Th& '*r&a4 d*h &/ar%&', *h& '*r&a4 /&'d9&r%&d. Th& 4a:4u4 9&/o*y 9&*or ' d&/&*&d ro4 *h&

ba+ 'd& *o *h& 4a '*r&a4. Th& ba+ '/o$& ' r&du&d. Th&'&

hara*&r' ar& o$$o'*& *o *ha* o 4&ad&r% ourr% o *h&'a4& 'd&. H&&, a*ura//y, *h& o/u&& ' *h& 'o/u*o o

r9&r 4&ad&r%.

3ro'o o *h& oa9& ba+ or *h& /a*&ra/ 'h*% o *h&

r9&r, *h& 4&ad&r% ' a*ura//y 4aa%&d &ar *h& o/u&&.

Thu', *h& o4$ar'o b&*&& *h& 9arou' hara*&r'*' o4&ad&r% ad *h& o/u&& (Tab/&-2) ha' $ro9&d *ha* *h&

o/u&& '&*' *h& a*-4&ad&r% $ara4&*&r' a' 'ho

Tab/&-". *h& ba'' o *h& aa/yG% *h& da*a, *h& Th&ory o

;&ad&r% ;aa%&4&* ha' b&& $o'*u/a*&d. I* ' *o b& o*&d*ha* o *h& $r$/& o o/u&&, *h& 4&ad&r% a b&

&a'/y 4aa%&d.

'able & 4 0i1er %onfluencing Site and Angle of confluence

S$No$ Conf)*en#ing

River

Conf)*en#ing Site Conf)*en#e

Ang)e

1. a%a JVarua u*&r Coa9& Sd& o

*h& a%a

2

2. a%a Jo4a* u*&r Coa9& Sd& o

*h& a%a

5o

". a4ua- a%a Coa9& Sd& o

!. a%a JKo'h Coa9& Sd& 0o

1"


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5. a%a JSo& Coa9& Sd& 0o

#. a%a Jada+ Coa9& Sd& 0o

. a%a-Burh

ada+

Coa9& Sd& #0o

'able + 4 6ntegrated %haracteristics of eandering and

%onfluence

S$No Chara#teristi#s Meandering Conf)*en#e

1. urr&& Coa9&

Ba+

Coa9& Ba+

2. 3ro'oED&$o'*o

3ro'o D&$o'*o

". V&/o*y A&/&ra*&d D&-a&/&ra*&dE

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00 1.1 15. #5.

#00 0.5 1"."

"

#5.0

!00 0.0 1100 #!. !12Co/u&& 0.# 1125 #!.2

Th& *ab/& da*&' *ha* a' *h& d'*a&' u$'*r&a4 ro4 *h&o/u&& r&a'&', *h& ba+ '/o$& r'&. Bu* a' *h& o/u&&

a$$roah&' *h& '/o$& r&du&'. Th& ba+ %&*' 4or& '*ab/*y.

Th& *ab/& ur*h&r r&9&a/' *ha* a' *h& o/u&& ' a$$roah&d*h& 4a:4u4 h&%h* o *h& ba+ r&du&' ad d*h o r9&r

r&a'&' *hu', *h& r&'u/* 'ho' *ha* *h& o/u&& '&*' a*-

4&ad&r% $h&o4&a.

Comarative Chara#teristi#s of the Meandering and

Conf)*en#e

5A6 Meandering

(1) Co9&r%&& o '*r&a4 /&' o *h& oa9& 'd& du&

*o *hr&& d4&'oa/ %ro*h o '&$ara*o $o+&* o

*h& o9&: 'd&.

(2) ;a:4u4 /o%*uda/ 9&/o*y o *h& ba+ 'd&.

(") H%h '*r&%*h *h& '&odary &//'.

(!) ar%& 9a/u& o boudary 'h&ar '*r&''&'.

(5)


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(#) o %rad&* *h& ba+ '/o$&.

() S&d4&*a*o *h& &ro'o $o+&*.

*h& ba'' o *h& abo9& hara*&r'*' ad d%' o *h&

4&ad&r% ad o/u&& a *h&ory a b& $o'*u/a*&d a'

Theor. of Meandering Management

The Conf)*en#e Sets the Anti'Meandering "arameters

H&&, *h& 4&ad&r% 4aa%&4&* 4&*hodo/o%y d&'rb&'

() Th& &ro'o $o+&* o *h& ba+ r&%o &&d' *o b&//&d u$.

() Th& r'% '/o$& o *h& ba+ r&8ur&' *h& /a**&%a/4o'* &8ua/ *o *h& ba+ '/o$& o *h& '*ab/& r&%o *h& u$ '*r&a4.

() Th& ad9&r'& '/o$& o *h& 'ad b&d o *h& o9&: 'd&' r&8ur&d *o b& 4ad& $ara//&/ *o *h& a9&ra%& '/o$& o

*h& r9&r b&d ad *h& &:*ra a4ou* o 'ad &&d' *o b&

r&4o9&d.

Remar8s

Th& /a*&ra/ 'h*% o 4a:4u4 &ro'o $o+&* our'

&ar *h& oa9& ba+. I* ' o *h' 'd& h&r& *h& o/u&&our'. A/'o, *h&r& &:'*' hu%& 'ad b&d *h ad9&r'& '/o$& o

*h& o9&: 'd&. I* ' o aou* o *h', *ha* *h&r& ' ra$dr&a'& *h& &ro'o ad ba+ '/o$& o *h& oa9& 'd&.

Th&'& &&*' ar& 44G&d by *h& o/u&& ad *h&r&by *h&'*ab/*y o *h& ba+ ' a''ur&d.

1#


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THEOR0 OF THREE GRA/IENTS FOR

RIVER "O11TION MANAGEMENT

ocal 'hought4Fhy sand !ed is in flood plain'

inding 4City, to&ns and villages are situated on

concave !an*s of rivers in plain.

Preamble5

In the hu$an !ody all the $eta!olic processes &hichdisintegrate food ta*e place inside the !ody. (i$ilar to this in

the !ody of the river all the processes of pollution $anage$ent

need to !e done in the flood%plain area on the surface of thesand !ed. This is possi!le only &hen energies availa!le in the

for$ of hydraulic gradient, velocity gradient and gradient in

the soil property are utili-ed together. This eplains the utilityof theory &hich gives the natural solution of the pollution

pro!le$ at less cost on sustaina!le !asis for all rivers.

The unsta!le@poor people &ant to reside near the

rich@sta!le people. The !asic cause of this is that the

sta!le@rich people have $any facilities to live on. The poorpeople &ant to avail those facilities. This &as the !asic cause

&hy civili-ation originated on the concave !an* of the river.

The higher level of !an*, fertile soil and availa!ility of &ater

near the !an* &ere suita!le for the gro&th and develop$ent oflives. n the !asis of this, the theory of three gradients has

!een postulated.

1 5GHBPage no" -;=&&+)

Introd*#tion

I*&%ra*&d &&r%y o 'o/, a*&r ad ar a* a r9&r ro''-

'&*o ha%&' *h *h& ha%& /oa*o o *h& '&*o ad

*4&. Th& r&&ab/& &&r%&', *hu', a b& 'u'*aab/y u'&d or

*ra'$or*%, /*&r% ad d'$&r'% *h& $o//u*a*' a* 44a/o'*. Th& d% *ha* *h& 4&%a *&', *o' ad 9//a%&' ar&

'*ua*&d /o'& *o *h& a*&r o oa9& ba+ o r9&r

'ub'*a*a*&' *h& Th&ory o Thr&& rad&*'. Th& %rad&*'

r&&r *o *h& d&r&&' () /&9&/ (44) () 'o/ $ro$&r*&'

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*&r4' o o&&* o $&r4&ab/*y (44E'&) ad () d&$*h'

o a*&r (44) hh u/*4a*&/y o*ro/ *h& 9&/o*y o /o

(44E'&) &ar *h& *o ba+-'*&'. Thu', *h&r& &:'*' &//

d&&d hydrau/ %rad&*, d&r&&' o&&*$&r4&ab/*y o *h& 'o/' ad d&$*h' or *h& 9&/o*&' o a*&r

&ar *h& r&%o'. I *h&'& %rad&*' ar& u'&d $ro$&r/y, *h&

$o//u*a*' a b& *ra'$or*&d ro4 *h& oa9& ba+ *o *h&o9&:. Th& &/u&* a b& 4aa%&d ar b&**&r ay' *h&

o9&: 'd& 'ad b&d hh &:'*' a* u$'*r&a4, a* do '*r&a4

ad a/'o ro* o *y a' 'ho ban? side suitable for 8ollution management"

S$No Energies

avai

)a7)

e

Pro8erties of the sand bed and the

flow

1. Hydrau/

%rad&*

10-12 4 h&ad d&r&& b&*&&

Varaa' 'd& ad *h& 'ad b&d.

3a'y *ra'$or*a*o o $o//u*a*'.

2. Sorb%

$o&r

H%h, *h' ' u'&u/ or r&4o9%

BD /oad, h&a9y 4&*a/' L

4rob&'.

1


19/37

". R&har%&

$o*&*a/

V&ry h%h , K 102- 10-"4E'&.

!. S*r&a4

K&*

&&r%y &ar*h& ba+ 'd&

H%hM D'$&r'o $h&o4&o '

9&ry *&'&.

5. Turbu/&*&&r%y

H%h, ra$d 4:%, (a* h%h&r '*a%&or r9&r)

#. S*r&%*h ''&odary

ru/a*o

H%h, /a*&ra/ 4:% ' 8u+

. So/ar &&r%y ;a:4u4 *&4$&ra*ur& ' 55oC MRa%& o *&4$&ra*ur& 15-55oC M

H%h 4roba/ a*9*y

Tab/& 1 da*&' *ha* a hydrau/ %rad&* o 9a/u& 10 *o 12 4.' &:'*% b&*&& *h& 9araa' *y 'd& ad 'ad b&d o *h&

a%a r9&r. Th' a*ura//y da*&' *ha* *h& *ra'$or*a*o o

$o//u*a*' a *a+& $/a& *h *h' a9a/ab/& &&r%y. Th& 'adb&d ha' a*ura//y 4or& ab'orb% $o&r ad h%h r&har%&

$o*&*a/. Th& 9a/u& o *h& o-&&* o $&r4&ab/*y 9ar&'

b&*&& 10-2 *o 10-"4E'&. ;or&o9&r *h& r9&rF' +&* &&r%y&ar *h& ba+ ' 'u&*/y h%h. A* h%h&r '*a%&' *h& *urbu/&*

&&r%y ' r&'$o'b/& or h%h 4:% ra*&. Th& '*r&%*h

'&odary ru/a*o ' 8u*& h%h. Th&r&or&, /a*&ra/ 4:% 'a/'o 8u+. So/ar &&r%y 9ary% *&4$&ra*ur& *h& ra%& o 15-550C' a add*oa/ &&r%y. Th' ' a9a/ab/& $/&*y h&

*h& r9&r $o//u*o /&9&/ ' 8u*& h%h a* *h& /o '*a%&' .&.,

'u44&r '&a'o. Th& o4$ara*9& 4$or*a& o *o ba+' '/'*&d b&/o.

'able + 4 %om8arison of %haracteristics of 'wo Ban?s

Con#ave 7an8 side Conve: 7an8 side() S/*y /ay, /o

$&r4&ab/*y

() Sady, h%h $&r4&ab/*y

() S*&&$ '/o$& () ;/d '/o$&

() S4a//&r /ood $/a () ar%&r /ood-$/a ar&a

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20/37

ar&a,

(9) 3ro'9& (ou*&r ha/) (9) ;o'* '*ab/&

(9) Ba+ a* h%h&r R.. (9) Ba+ a* /o&r R..

(9)a. o&r a:a/ 9&/o*y,/ar%&r d&$*h o a*&r,d9&r%% '*r&a4/&'

( *h& r'* ha/

$or*o o *h& b&d)

ad /o '*r&%*h *h&

'$ra/ 4o*o

(9)a. H%h&r 9&/o*y ad /o&rd&$*h o a*&r, h%h/yo9&r%% '*r&a4/&',

h%h&r '*r&%*h

'&odary urr&*' *h&

r'* ha/ $or*o o *h&

b&d.

(9) b ar%& /o%*uda/ ad*ra'9&r'& '$r&ad% o

$o//u*a*'.

(9)b o//u*a*' %&*' 4aa%&d o4$ara*9&/y '4a//

/&%*h ad d*h o *h&

r9&r ba+ r&%o.

(9) H%h&r a:a/ 9&/o*y,

o9&r%%'*r&a4/&', h%h&r'*r&%*h '&odary

urr&*' ou*&r ha/

$or*o o *h& b&d

(9) o&r 9&/o*y,

'&$ara*o Go&, /o'*r&%*h '&odaryurr&*' *h& '&od ha/

$or*o o *h& b&d.

(9) Tra'9&r'& 9&/o*y o

*h& 'ura& *oard' *h&

ba+

(9) Tra'9&r'& 9&/o*y o *h&

'ura& aay ro4 *h&

ba+

(:) Tra'9&r'& 9&/o*y

aay ro4 *h& ba+

/o&r /ay&r'.

(:) Tra'9&r'& 9&/o*y

*oard' *h& ba+ /o&r

/ay&r'.

(:) o*&*a/ r&a'&'

*h R..

(:) o*&*a/ r&a'&' 4uh

4or& *h R..(:) ;or& &ro'9& *h

%roud a*&r /o

(:) No &&* o '*ab/*y *h

%roud a*&r /u*ua*o'.

Th& *ab/& da*&' *ha* *h& oa9& ba+ ha' '/*y /ay,

/o $&r4&ab/*y, '*&&$ '/o$&, '4a// /ood-$/a ar&a, &ro'9&Go&, h%h&r R.. o ba+, /o a:a/ 9&/o*y, /o *ra'9&r'&

9&/o*y, h&r&a', *h& o9&: ba+ ha' 'ady b&d *h 4/d

'/o$&, /ar%& '*ab/& /ood-$/a ar&a /oa*&d a* /o R.., h%h/o%*uda/ ad *ra'9&r'& 9&/o*y &*. ar& a9a/ab/& *h&

/o o *h' 'd&. Th& %.2.(a) 'ho' *h& &:'*% od*o' o

'$r&ad% $o//u*o. Th& $rob/&4 a b& 'o/9&d *h *h&

20


21/37

u*/Ga*o o r&&ab/& &&r%&' $r&'&*&d *h& or4 o

Th&ory o Thr&& rad&*' a' 'ho


22/37

Varaa' *y ' /oa*&d o *h& oa9& 'd& ad 'ad-b&d

&:'*' a* u$'*r&a4, do'*r&a4 ad /a*&ra//y aro'' *h& r9&r o

*h& o*h&r ba+. Th&ory a b& a$$/&d o *h& 'a4& 'd& o *h&

*y h&r& 'ad b&d &:'*' o *h& o9&: 'd&.

ig" +(a) @ +(b)" Pollution management with 0enewable

9nergies

A Case St*d. I))*strating the 3enefits of the se of Three

Gradients Theor.'

A* $r&'&* 1.5 4//o $&o$/& o Varaa' *y %&&ra*&

"10 ;D $o//u*a* /oad (a9&ra%& ".4"E'&.) ad *h& *o*a/'&&$a%& ra*& $o''b/& *hrou%h 'ad b&d 4ay 9ary ro4 5 *o 0

22


23/37

4"E'& (a*&r $r4ary ad '&odary *r&a*4&* *h& *r+/%

/*&r) ad *hu', *h& ar&a &&d&d or *h& $ur$o'& // b& o/y

0." +42. Ho&9&r, *h& ar&a o 'ad b&d ' a9a/ab/& ' 25

*4&' 4or& *ha *ha* r&8ur&d. Thu', *h *h& $r&'&* ra*& o$o$u/a*o %ro*h, *h&

ig" ," #tility of the 'heory in the case of Ganga

Pollution at


24/37

'&r9& o *h& 'ad b&d 4ay b& o*u&d u$ *o "50 y&ar'. Bu*

*h& 'ad ' a'h&d dur% *h& /ood $&rodM *h&r&or&, * %&*'

r&&&d &9&ry y&ar. Thu', * a b& u'&d or d&*& y&ar' *o

o4&.


25/37

THEOR0 OF RIVER 9ATER SHARING

5A TECHNICA1 SO1TION FOR NATIONA1

AN/ INTERNATIONA1 9ATER CONF1ICTS6ocal 'hought4Best &ay of sharing of &ealth !et&een a

father and his sons.

inding4 Hydrodyna$ics sets the condition of &ater%

sharing.

Preamble5

1a2 "ll the sons of a person have an e+ual right to share

their paternal property. The father has also the right in the

paternal property. There is no la& !y &hich all paternal

property is shared a$ong the sons &ith nothing left to thefather. "ccording to these principles, different states@countries

through &hich the river flo&s have an e+ual right to share the

river%&ater. The &ater flo&ing fro$ the origin of the riverserves as the paternal property. "ll the states and the river

herself have right to this &ater. Therefore, the average flo&

fro$ the place of origin needs to !e o!tained. The !alance!et&een the average flo& and the $ini$u$ flo& defines the

+uantity of flo&, &hich $ay !e shared e+ually a$ong all states

through &hich river passes. The river has also the right to get

her due share. The $ini$u$ flo& fro$ the place of originneeds to !e legally ensured in river.

1!2 "n individual has full right to the property he earns)

he $ay rightfully spend it the &ay he li*es. n the sa$e

principle, the different states, &hich add to the flo& through

surface and su!%surface $edia in the river through theirsurrounding land areas, have the right to use the river%&ater

for their needs. n this !asis the duty defines the energy and

the right defines the $atter. Integrating the facts contained in1a !2 the /Theory of the &ater sharing/ has !een postulated.

(5GHBPage no" &-;)

25


26/37

Introd*#tion

A* *h& $/a& o or% o r9&r *h& %roud a*&r bur'*' ad

*h& a*&r '*ar*' /o%. Th& d'har%& h&r& ' a u*o ou$'*r&a4 4ou*a od*o. Th' 9ar&' *hrou%h ou* *h& y&ar

*h a '$&*ra ra%&. I* ha' u$$&r ad /o&r /4*'. Th&/o&r /4* o *h' d'har%& ' *h& au'& o *a*o ad

&:'*&& o &*r& /&%*h o *h& r9&r. Th' '&*' *h& od*o

or *&ra*o *h *h& %roud a*&r.


27/37

?a*&r ro4 *h& Go& o or%

No. o S*a*&'

?a*&r r&&9&d a' ru o ro4 *h& ba' o *h& '*a*&. roud a*&r o*rbu*&d by *h& '*a*&.

526 Ma:im*m river ;ater a state #an *ti)i Th& 44u4 a*&r ro4 *h& Go& o or% ad %/a&r

.&. !0-#0 $&r&* o *h& a9&ra%& a*&r ro4 *h& Go& oor% ad %/a&r *h *h& boudary od*o *ha* *h&

r&& '&&$a%& h&%h* *&d' *o G&ro.

Hence, the theory sets the per$anent solution of &ater

sharing to the states of a country. It can !e $easured directly

at the re+uired place and ti$e. The theory is neither affected!y place nor &ith ti$e. It sets the condition to conserve river%

ecosyste$ on per$anent !asis.

Da*a r&8ur&4&*' or a*&r 'har% ar&

() Hydro%ra$h o *h& $/a& o or% o r9&r.

() Hydro%ra$h h&r& a*&r ' *o b& 'har&d.

2


28/37

E:)anation and "ro#ed*re of finding o*t ?*antit. of ;ater

to 7e shared

A* ay '&*o d'har%& r9&r ' &8ua/ *o *h& d'har%&ro4 or% $/u' *h& %roud a*&r ad /oa/ 'our&' o 'ura&

a*&r. u* o *h' *o*a/ d'har%& *h& 44u4 d'har%& hh&&d' *o /o *h& r9&r a*&r *h& du& 'har& o *h& o&r&d

'*a*& ' &8ua/ *o *h& 44u4 d'har%&' o *h& $/a&' o

or%' $/u' 'har& o *h& o*h&r '*a*&'. Thu' *h& hydro%ra$h' o

*h& r9&r' o *h& $/a&' o *h&r or%' ad *ha* o *h& $/a&h&r& a*&r ' *o b& 'har&d ar& r&8ur&d.

ig"&" 7ischarge of the Ganga at the Barrage Site at

Haridwar 6ndia

ig"+" 7ischarge of 0a1i 0i1er in one of 3rigin at %hemera

7am at $hairi= Himanchal Pradesh= 6ndia

2


29/37

Th& r9&r d'har%& 9ara*o' o *o d&r&* r9&r' ha9&

b&& 'ho %ur&' 1L 2. Th& da*a d'**/y '%&' *ha*

*h& r9&r &o-'y'*&4 ' 4a*a&d *h& '$&*ra ra%& o

d'har%&'.


30/37

THEOR0 OF RIVER "O11TION

MO/E11ING

ocal thought4Digestion process in the hu$an !ody.

inding4 ariation in density defines the changes in

physico%che$ical para$eters.

Preamble5

During the digestion of food in our !ody, the density ofthe food continuously changes and the products vary. The

ho$eopathic $edicine see*s to re$ove the root causes of

different diseases of patients. The function of this $edicinedepends on potency@dilution factor@the ratio !et&een $edicine

and &ater. oreover, the spreading of the s$ell of the perfu$e

is related to the density of the perfu$e and that of air. Thea!ove t&o ea$ples su!stantiate that spreading of any

su!stance depends upon the density ratio of the su!stance and

$ediu$. Thus, to si$ulate the !ehaviour of pollutant

dispersion in river, the ratio of the densities of flo&ing &ater inthe $odel to the dye !e adopted as that of the density ratio of

river &ater and effluent. This is the !asis of the pollution

$odeling theory.

( 5GHBPage no" &,.)

River "o))*tion Mode)ing Theor.

D'$&r'o $a**&r o 9arou' $hy'oh&4a/ $ara4&*&r'o &/u&* ay ha&/ a u*oa//y b& r&/a*&d *o *h&

o&*ra*o 9ara*o o a 'u*ab/& dy& o d&'*y &8ua/ *od&'*y o *h& &/u&* *h& /u4& ha9% %&o4&*r,

+&4a*' ad dya4 '4/ar*y *o *ha* o *h& ha&/. r,

4uh 4or& '4$/&d 4a&r * a b& '*a*&d *ha* *h& d&r&*/ud' o *h& 'a4& d&'*y *ra9&r'% *h& 'a4& %&o4&*ry ud&r

*h& 'a4& '&* o '*a* ad dya4 od*o' au'&' *' d&'*y

*o 9ary u$'*r&a4 ad do'*r&a4 *h& 'a4& a'ho.

;a*h&4a*a//y, d'$&r'o a b& r&$r&'&*&d a'

"0


31/37

I *h& $r&'&* '*udy *h& 9&ra*o o *h& *h&ory ha' b&&4ad& +&&$% a// $ara4&*&r' o'*a* &:&$* d. Th&r&or& D E

ho,D ,D* ad D* Eho ar& o/y u*o o d.

E:)anation

;o9&4&*' o $o//u*a*' r9&r ud&r $r&''ur& ad9&/o*y %rad&*' ha%& *' d&'*y. Th' au'&' *h& $r&'&&

o h&4a/' *o 9ary *h ha%& /oa*o. Thu', a

r&/a*o'h$ b&*&& o&*ra*o o $o//u*a*' or ha%& *' d&'*y *h *h& h&4a/' $r&'&* * a b& ob*a&d. A

'&* o a/bra*o ur9&' a b& dra or d/u*o a*or V'

Ch&4a/ $r&'&* * or a *ab/& or d/u*o a*or ad

d&r&* h&4a/' a b& $r&$ar&d. (Th' ha' b&& 'ho Tab/& No-1) Th& ud&r *h& 'a4& %&o4&*r, '*a* ad

dya4 od*o' a 'u*ab/& dy& 'ay Rhodo4&-B o *h&

'a4& d&'*y a' *ha* o &/u&* a b& a//o&d *o /o. Th&ha%& *h&r o&*ra*o a* d&r&* /oa*o' a b&

ob*a&d *h *h& h&/$ o S$&*ro$ho*o4&*&r.


32/37

". r&$ara*o o d&r&* d/u*o *h& &/d ad or

d&r&* d/u*o a*or' d&*&r4a*o o or%a,

or%a ad bo/o%a/ $ara4&*&r' (a' 'ho Tab/& 1)

!. 3:$&r4&*a*o ad 4&a'ur&4&* o o&*ra*o (ord/u*o a*or) o dy& a* 9arou' $o*' *h& $hy'a/

4od&/.

5. r&$ara*o o Tab/& 2 *h *h& h&/$ o Tab/& 1.#$ 3:$&r4&*a*o *h &/u&* $/a& o dy&.

. Co//&*o o 'a4$/& ad d&*&r4a*o o $hy'o-

h&4a/ $ara4&*&r' 'ho *ab/& ". Co4$ar'o o r&'u/*' ob*a&d *ab/&' 2 ad ".

'able &4


33/37

Vo/u4& o So/u*&

'able +4 'he water uality 8arameters when dye was used

'able ,4 'he water uality 8arameters when effluent in 8lace

of dye was used"/istan#e 5#m6

@: from

"oint of

/isosa)

&S > ':

/&S > B:

Ch)oride

5mg&16

/$O$

5mg&16

H E$C$ 5S&

#m6

T$/$S$

5m6

S*)hate

5mg&16

-10

0

25

50

5

100

125

150

20

#

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1.

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#.5

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225.#

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Remar8s

D'*a&

(4) =:>ro4 o*

oD'$o'a/

UES -:DES :

Ch)oride

5mg&16

/$O

5mg&

16

H E$C$

5Sm

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T$/$S$

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5100125

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""


34/37

Th& 4&*hodo/o%y $&r4*' *o a''&' 4ay a*&r 8ua/*&' a*

a *4&. Th& u*ur& a*&r 8ua/*y '*a*u' o a*&r r&'our&' a

b& &a'/y a''&''&d.

u Tra'9&r'& 9&/o*y o4$o&* r9&rE4od&/ a*

*h& ou*a// '*&.

9 o%*uda/ 9&/o*y o4$o&* r9&rE4od&/ a**h& ou*a// '*&.

h A9&ra%& d&$*h o /o,

V0 A9&ra%& 9&/o*y o /o.

h Ay d&$*h o /o aroud *h& o/u&&,

h0 A9&ra%& d&$*h o /o aroud *h& o/u&&

Co/u&& a%/&,

U o%*uda/ 9&/o*y o nalaa*&r.V0 A9&ra%& 9&/o*y o nalaa*&r,

' D&'*y o &/u&*

u D&'*y o u$'*r&a4 r9&r a*&r,

D.


35/37

A Fe; Comments On The Theories

The ideas &hich you are putting forth are eciting. ou

have done a co$$enda!le o!. Prof" 0"P" 0astogi

=or$er ice%Chancellor, B.H.U., ct. 7


36/37

The Theory of the Conve Ban* is interesting in ter$s ofur!an geography and see$s to !e !orn out for $any cases.

The section revie&ing different theories on &ater sharing is

interesting. "s a revie& of approaches to trans%!oundarysharing or allocation of &ater. The paper $ight !e good.

!ay 0" Lund=

rof. of Civil and Environ$ental Engineering University of California, U(", Editor, "(CE, LFR

4;, =e!%7;;;

our theories are interesting, and I hope they &ill

&or*.

A" !acob 3dgaard

rof. "ssociate Dean, The University of IF",

U("#ov. 47, 4JJ3

=ive theories of hydraulics you had su!$itted to the$inistry. ou have indeed proposed so$ething that is entirely

ne&.

" Go8ala $rishana

Chief Engineer, C.F.C., #e& Delhi.

=e!. 76, 7;;7.

A7o*t The A*thor

"#


37/37

ro. Uda Ka* Choudhary a' bor o 15*h Ou/y, 1!5

9//a%& Bhaa$ur, Darbha%a, Bhar (Ida). radua*&d

1# C9/ 3%&&r% ro4 Bhar I'**u*& o T&ho/o%y,Sdr. Co4$/&*&d ;.T&h. ad h.D. D&%r&&' ro4 Ida

I'**u*& o T&ho/o%y, oa, ;u4ba 12 ad 15

r&'$&*9&/y ?a*&r R&'our&' 3%&&r% (R9&r3%&&r%). S&/&*&d 3%&&r% S&r9&' 3:a4a*o

1!. Oo&d C9/ 3%&&r% D&$ar*4&*. I.T., B.H.U. a'

&*ur&r 1#.S*ar*&d do% *h& a%a R&'&arh 1#. ?a' '&/&*&d

a' R&ad&r I.T., B.H.U. 1. ?a' a$$o*&d a' ro&''or

1. ?a' *h& H&ad o C9/ 3%&&r% D&$ar*4&* ro4

S&$*&4b&r 1! *o S&$*&4b&r 1. 3'*ab/'h&d *h& a%a

R&'&arh C&*r& a* Baara' Hdu U9&r'*y 15 *h h'R&'&arh ro&*'. D&9&/o$&d *o & I'*ru4&*'. Co4$/&*&d

'&9& 4aor R&'&arh ro&*' r&/a*&d *h R9&r ;aa%&4&*.

the five theories of river management_1

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