THE FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

THE FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERSTHE FIRST GENERATIONUsed for circuitry and magnetic drums for memoryIt is enormousIt is expensive to operateUsed great deal of electricityRelied on machine language ,low level programing language understood by computers to perform operationsIts input is based on punched cards/ paper tapeIts output was displayed in printouts

Vacuum Tubes 1940 -1956

EXAMPLE OF VACUUM TUBE COMPUTERS

UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computers the first commercial computers produced in US on 1951

ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computerwas the first electronic general-purpose computer. It was Turing-complete, digital, and capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.

Both computers are invented by JOHN MAUCHLY AND J. PRESPER ECKERT (ENIAC AND UNIVAC )

THE SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERSTransistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electric powerInvented in 1947Superior to vacuum tubesSmaller, fast and cheaper than vacuum tubesEnergy efficient and reliable from first generationRelied on punched card for input and print out for outputMoved cryptic binary machine language to symbolic or assembly languageTHE TRANSISTORS1956 - 1963

EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER USING TRANSISTORS

COBOL Common Business Oriented Language used in business, finance and administrative systems for companies and governmentsFORTRAN - derived from The IBM Mathematical Formula Translating System

These are high-level programming language being developedFirst computers that stored their instructions in their memoryThese computers were developed for atomic energy industry

THE THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERSAn integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. Most of transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips called semi-conductors which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.Instead of punched cards and printouts, Users interact through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with operating system, which allowed the device to run many differnet applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memoryINTEGRATED CIRCUITS1964 - 1971Became accessible to mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of producing integrated circuits.THE FOURTH GENERATIONMade of thousands of integrated circuits which were built onto a single silicon chipMuch smaller that could fit in the palm of the handmoved out the realm of desktop computerMore powerful, led to the development of the internetSaw the development of GUIs , mouse and handheld devicesExample of computer using microprocessor

Intel 4004 chip developed in 1971 located all the components of the computer from CPU ( central processing unit) and memory to input / output controls ---- on a single chipIBM Company introduced its first computer for the home usersAPPLE 1984 introduced the Macintosh

MICROPROCESSORS

1971- PRESENTTHE FIFTH GENERATION AND BEYONDBased on artificial intelligence, still in developmentMost artificial intelligence systems involve some sort of integrated technologies, for example the integration of speech synthesis technologies with that of speech and voice recognition The use of parallel processing and semi conductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a realityQuantum computations and molecular and nano technology will radically change the face of computers in years to comeIts goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self organization

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEFuturistic computersGROUP MEMBERS1. Pineda, Vermariah Loreigne2. Loveranes, Gabriel3. Nisperos, Lourcelinethanks you for watching!!!!!