THE FIRST RESPONDER AND THE BARRICADE MATRIX

THE FIRST RESPONDER AND THE BARRICADE MATRIX SCOPE OF PRESENTATIONINTRODUCTION

Background of the Study Statement of the ProblemScope and Limitations of the Study Significance of the Study Definition of Terms

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIESIII. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATAThe First Responders RoleFirst Responders GuidelinesThe First Responders Actions First Responders Report Form The Barricade Matrix Elapsed Time, Events and Activities

IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SCOPE OF PRESENTATIONCHAPTER IINTRODUCTION

Background of the StudyCrisis Management involves dealing with threats before, during, and after they have occurred. It is a discipline within the broader context ofmanagementconsisting of skills and techniques required to identify, assess, understand, and cope with a serious situation, especially from the moment it first occurs to the point that recovery procedures start.This report will give the readers ideas on how the first responders deal with the situation, their proper activities to cope with every situation without endangering the victims, the public and themselves.

Statement of the ProblemThis research specifically seeks to answer the following questions:What are the first responders role?What are the guidelines used by the first responders?What is the Barricade Matrix?What are the activities involved in Barricade Matrix? How does it helps in Crisis Management Situation?Scope and Limitation of the StudyThe discussion will be limited on to Chapter 6 of the Book entitled Manual on Human Behavior and Crisis Management by Dr. Oscar Gatchalian Soriano.

Moreover, the researcher will impart some of her reactions towards the topic assigned to her.

Significance of the StudyThis research was conducted to give the students some knowledge and information regarding First Responders and the Barricade Matrix.Criminology interns undergo on-the-job training as part of their course and through it they experience to work with the police officers in every agency that they rendered service. As future law enforcers this study will provide information about First Responders and the Barricade Matrix which is to be performed professionally by the police officers and other law enforcers in order to be effective and efficient in any crisis management situations. To us, Philippine Air Force and other branches of service in Armed Forces of the Philippines, it will give us knowledge and additional information we could use as future reference whenever crisis situation arises that our service as soldiers will be in need.

Definition of Terms

Barricaded Person - A situation in which a person(s) who is armed or believed to be armed, suicidal or mentally unstable resists being taken into custody by barricading himself in a room, building or other location.Command Post - A secure location within proximity of the outer perimeter, if possible, from which the supervisor in charge directs the operation.Crisis Management expert handling of a crisis or emergency to reduce or eliminate danger or damage, or the like, especially on the part of the government.Elapsed Time time frame; first thirty minutes of dealing in actual events.First Responders - are patrol officers who are responding to emergency situations in remote settings; Definition of Terms

First Responders Report Form ready format or checklist; prepared form to enable patrol elements to deal expeditiously with hostage situations and barricaded suspects incident in accordance with the law.Hostage Situation is a set of circumstances wherein a suspected law violator is holding a person captive with the use of force and threat of violence while the police are in close contact with the suspect and his captive.Inner Perimeter - The immediate area of containment as designated by the on scene supervisor.Negotiation Approach systematic process of starting work on a task of negotiating and dealing with hostage-takers, wherein the primary considerations are the arrangement of terms and conditions between police authorities and suspects necessary for the release of hostages.Definition of Terms

Outer Perimeter - A secondary control area surrounding the inner perimeter, providing a safe zone for access to the inner perimeter.Staging Area - A designated location on the outer perimeter to which all responding personnel will report for briefing, assignment and equipment. This area will generally be under the command of a supervisor assigned by the supervisor in charge of the incident.Tactical Response Team - A unit of specially selected, appointed, trained and equipped officers will provide assistance in those incidents that would require special tactics, techniques and equipment. CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

As a patrol officer, you are not expected to diagnose the individual, nor are you expected to distinguish between the many variations of psychoses and neuroses. Your principal concern is your own safety and that the individual, and to make an effort to see that the person receives appropriate professional attention. (Soriano, 2003)Proper coordination with all participating elements shall be done to consolidate efforts in solving crisis. In negotiating for the release of a hostage, the safety of the hostage shall always be paramount. (PNPM, 2013)The first responder roles can include initial firefighting and hazard containment, triage and first aid, evacuation and containment and even quasi-law enforcement functions. You as the first responder plugs into potentially ongoing actions being performed by internal personnel depends largely on the scope of the crisis and what functions are automatically transferred upon your arrival.(Sgt Jon, 2009)Although each and every hostage situation is a separate and totally unique entity upon itself, there is a certain generic series of events that takes place. The reason for formulating a barricade matrix is to enable police officers responsible for the planning and response to such incidents to have a starting point from which to begin their resolution of the problem. The matrix has been designed around the first thirty minutes of a terrorists attack. (Soriano, 2003)

CHAPTER IIIPRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The First Responders RoleAs first responder, your principal concern is for your own safety and then that of the individual, and making an effort to see that the person receives appropriate professional attention. The patrol officers are likely to encounter the mentally or emotionally disturbed individual under almost any type of circumstances. Many people are emotionally upset for the moment because of the nature of the situation, such as an intense family fight or repossession confrontation, but they return to a state of relative normality fairly and quickly.

First Responders Guidelines

Hereunder are the guidelines to be observed whenever you encounter a person who appears to exhibit a mental or emotional problem more deep-seated than the immediate circumstance warrants;Approach the subject with extreme caution; and maintain a calm and casual manner; Speak to the subject by name, if you know it. Your tone of voice should be soothing, but firm and business-like.Say or do nothing that might threatens or intimidate; Avoid arguing or scolding the subject, and dont allow anyone else to do so;

First Responders GuidelinesMake use of friends or relatives who know how to talk to, and deal with the subject, unless there is friction between them. The subject might have more trust and confidence in you if you appear to be getting along with friends or relatives.Whenever possible, try to stall until you have a follow-up officer on the scene. This type of situation might be more volatile than a routine arrest.If the situation warrants it, and you take the subject into custody, do so carefully. Avoid painful grips, and if possible, keep your gun and other weapons out of the subjects reach.When you transfer custody to psychiatric personnel, give these people as much information about the symptoms you observed and all the details about their behavior. This will help in the diagnosis. Do the same when you prepare your reports.

The First Responders Actions

Maintain radio at all timesAs a first responder you must carried with you a radio to communicate any situation arising from the scene. Communication is the heart of the operation during the early stage. Verify complaintMake sure to verify that the situation calls for police response and not just a frank calls from person with psychological behavior.Determine perpetrators location and weaponsKnowing the perpetrators location and weapons used, the patrol force will know what kind of approach and tactics will be used for a chance of successful operation.Communicate findings Observe the situation, any danger zones or findings that would be useful for the operation and inform other communicating personnel concerned in the command.

The First Responders Actions

Establish inner perimeterThe immediate area of containment as designated by the on scene supervisor. This area is initially controlled by first responding officers until relieved by tactical response officers. Other persons will be evacuated from this area to prevent injury or interference with the operation. Only personnel authorized by the supervisor in charge should be allowed entry to this area.Request necessary support Assess if theres any need for additional personnel, specialized units, and/or other agencies.Communicate safe entry and exit routes.Advise responding units of the safe route to enter and exit in the area and any helpful information regarding the suspect and location; this will direct responding force to positions that will minimize the movement of the suspect and prevent escape.Evacuate the trapped and the injured, if possibleThe priority is to keep everyone in the area safe if possible.

The First Responders Actions

Maintain command and controlSecure location within proximity of the outer perimeter, if possible, from which the commander in charge directs the operation and where all responding personnel will be sent.10. Establish outer perimeterA secondary control area surrounding the inner perimeter, providing a safe zone for access to the inner perimeter. This area is controlled by officers whose main responsibility is to deny unauthorized access to the area, traffic and crowd control.Fill out the First Responders FormPrepared format or checklist to be filled out to deal expeditiously with hostage situations.

FIRST RESPONDERS REPORT FORMFIRST RESPONDERS REPORT FORM

FIRST RESPONDERS REPORT FORMFIRST RESPONDERS REPORT FORM

As first responders they must learn their roles and responsibilities by heart to be able to effectively deliver quality police service in any given situation.The Barricade MatrixThe reason for formulating this matrix is to enable police officers responsible for the planning and response to such incidents to have a starting point for the resolution of the problem.The primary objective of police action in these incidents is the preservation of life. The safety of hostages, police personnel, innocent bystanders, and the offender must be our first concern. A secondary objective includes the apprehension of the offender, recovery of property and restoration of order.

Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix

This matrix has been designed around the first thirty minutes of a terrorist attack. However, the reader should understand that the time frame or individual segments certainly expand or contract during actual events. It should be understood that the first thirty minutes is probably the most dangerous.The actions taken during these preliminary stages will ultimately affect subsequent events.Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix

THE BARRICADE MATRIXELAPSED TIMEEVENTS- 0-ZERO HOURACTIVITIESThis is the moment the incident occurs.It is during this time the event comes to the attention of non-involved persons who notify the police.0+1NOTIFICATIONACTIVITIESLaw enforcement authorities become aware of the incidentElapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix

0+2POLICE RESPONSEACTIVITIESPatrol officers are dispatched to the site to investigate.0+5LOCATIONACTIVITIESOne of the most dangerous times during the incident is the arrival of the first responding officers on the scene.0+6CONFRONTATIONACTIVITIESUsing proper techniques, the patrol officers or first responders can make close contact with the target location and confirm that a problem exists;During this stage, it is very important that the officers practice utmost firearms discipline unless their lives or others are compromised;Barricade situation is either confirmed or not.0+7NOTIFICATIONACTIVITIESAfter determining that the terrorist incident does exist, the first responder will notify the dispatcher;The communication section becomes the heartbeat of the operation;The lead dispatcher sends additional patrol units to assist the first responder;Other communication personnel make pre-planned notifications;Members of Crisis Management Team are the first priority, followed by administrative notifications;Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix

0+8CONTAINMENTACTIVITIESFirst responder contain the incident by positioning themselves in the most advantageous positions that provide adequate cover;All pertinent information is relayed to the dispatcher;As soon as the nearest supervisor hears this type of call or its confirmation, he should immediately assume command;Strict firearms discipline, firing only when absolutely necessary;Consideration should be given as to ways of preventing the escape of the terrorists.0+9PREPARATIONACTIVITIESA site for Advance Command post is chosen for the arrival of Crisis Management Team;Near Advance Command Post is the staging area where all responding personnel will be sent.0+10ISOLATIONACTIVITIESSupervisor must control his deployed officers;Inner and outer perimeters should begin to form;The supervisor should use his First Responders Report Form to ensure that the perpetrators have been properly isolated.0+15EVALUATIONACTIVITIESThings should start settle down;Supervisor uses this time to slow the action and begin controlling environment and personnel;A good supervisor and patrol officer will use this time to review what has been done and what needs to be done.Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix

0+16EVACUATIONACTIVITIESAll hostages, bystanders and non-essential officers who can be safely evacuated should be removed during this phase;An evacuation attempt under this scenario could draw the terrorists attention thus increasing the dangers to both victims and rescuers.0+17SEGRAGATIONACTIVITIESThe patrol officers should have, by now, been assembling witnesses and other persons with pertinent information;First Responders Report Form should be ready for the initial briefing when Conflict Management Team arrives.0+19PRE-CONFLICT MANAGEMENT TEAM ACTIONSACTIVITIESAll witness should be interviewed with respect to filling out the First Responders Report Form;Communications, records section, and intelligence section should begin to collect data;Arrival of Crisis Management Team should be followed by initial briefing.0+25ACTIONS OF THE CRISIS MANAGEMENT TEAMACTIVITIESCrisis Management Team is briefed and each team leader issues a Warning Order to his personnel;Arrest and Sniper teams immediately deployed;Tactical Operations Center continues to monitor radio traffic;Ground Commander assumes command;Teams continue to provide support in anticipation of assault operation.Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix

0+26PRE-NEGOTATION ACTIONACTIVITIESThe coordinator of the negotiation team assigns personnel to specific tasks;The communication specialist has finished setting up the electronic equipment;Intelligence officers prepare the First Responders Report, status boards and checklists;The Ground Commander can use this time to give a final briefing to the Conflict Management Team before beginning negotiations.0+30NEGOTATIONS BEGINACTIVITIESCommunications established or continued with the terrorists from the Advance Command Post location.CHAPTER IVSUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSSUMMARYThis report paper is entitled The First Responder and the Barricade Matrix sought to answer the following questions; what are the first responders role; what are the guidelines used by the first responders; what is the Barricade Matrix; what are the activities involved in Barricade Matrix; and how does it helps in Crisis Management Situation.As first responder, ones principal concern is their own safety and then that of the individual, and making an effort to see that the person receives appropriate professional attention.First responders should be guided by specific guidelines. They must learn their roles and responsibilities by heart to be able to effectively deliver quality police service in any given situation.On the other hand, barricade matrix serves as a starting point for the resolution of the problem. This will help to enable the police officers responsible for planning on how to response in every hostage situation.Without these guidelines and standard procedures, it will be harder for the person in authority to deal with crisis management situations systematically and successfully.

CONCLUSIONSIn every crisis situations, may it be a hostage situation or terrorist attack, the first responders has a significant role to play into. Their observations and analysis in the state of the situation, will be the basis of the Crisis Management Team to execute acts for the success of the operation. Being the First Responder in the scene might be one of the most dangerous designation, for it needs dedication and bravery to be able to secure the area for the welfare of everyone, not just for the victims and by standers, but also for his team and for himself.

RECOMMENDATIONSPolice officers without proper training shall not be allowed to participate in hostage negotiations.No hostage situations are alike, thats why persons in authority should be making alternative plans in case that one of it didnt work out.As a First Responder, one should know how to perform his designated task without being affected by the situation emotionally.As a first responder there are a variety of roles you may be called upon to perform when responding to various crisis incidents, while relying on departmental policy and guidance, one must also seek to enhance his awareness and sensitivity in crisis response and planning through proper trainings and other specializations.Always think worst scenarios that a hostage taker and terrorist might do. Dont underestimate their capabilities.End of Presentation