the film and the art museum

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THE FILM AND THE ART MUSEUM he teaching film and the documentary have demonstrated their usefthess to the educationul T programmes of naturul histoy and science museum’s. A r t museums also have occasionally used films on artists and their work, or films illustrating an art technique f o r teachingpurposes. Art museums and galleries have asyet, however,given little attention to exploiting the pecwliar visual characteristics-of the motion picture for a niore intimate revelution of the work of art and of the artist’s world. The two following articles hint at the possibilities of this creative application of the film to art. Thg suggest that its use for art teaching should be examined carejîilb. The “still” projection, whether in black and white or more recent4 in colour, has mude lecturing to large groups a practical commonplace of teuching history and understunding of art. The enlargement, the use of superimposed diagrammatic anabse.r, the comparison of detail with the entire composition, the simultaneousprojection OJ’ two works sicle by side, have all contribztted frui$ulb in the hands of the skilled lecturer to directing attention to the visual experience itself rather than to the words about the painting. Used by an in.rensitive lecturer, thy coula’ do little to draw the auditor out of the second-hand experience reading or listening to words about art is. Does the film substitute creative4 for the inept lecturer a pure4 visual experience he.&vl to the layman in understanding art 1 Does its way of revealing a work of art betray it ? What are its possibilities, and its dangers ? Art museums with educationalprogrammes should take note of the out.rtanding develop- ments in this new method of revealing art discussed here. At this stage thy can not on4 profit b9 the opportunì0 to experiment with a new instrument but thy niay exert some inFuence on the development of this method of visual experience in directions favourable and scrupulouslyfaitL$ul to the arts for which thy are responsible. The authors are not professional museographers but rather film specialists. Their discus- sions, coming from outside museographical circles, present fresh points of view.

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Page 1: THE FILM AND THE ART MUSEUM

THE FILM AND THE ART MUSEUM

he teaching film and the documentary have demonstrated their usefthess t o the educationul T programmes o f naturul histoy and science museum’s. A r t museums also have occasionally used films on artists and their work, or films illustrating an art technique for teaching purposes. Art museums and galleries have asyet, however, given little attention to exploiting the pecwliar visual characteristics-of the motion picture for a niore intimate revelution o f the work of art and o f the artist’s world. The two following articles hint at the possibilities o f this creative application o f the film to art. Thg suggest that its use for art teaching should be examined carejîilb. The “still” projection, whether in black and white or more recent4 in colour, has mude lecturing to large groups a practical commonplace o f teuching history and understunding o f art. The enlargement, the use o f superimposed diagrammatic anabse.r, the comparison of detail with the entire composition, the simultaneous projection OJ’ two works sicle by side, have all contribztted frui$ulb in the hands o f the skilled lecturer t o directing attention t o the visual experience itself rather than t o the words about the painting. Used by an in.rensitive lecturer, thy coula’ do little t o draw the auditor out o f the second-hand experience reading or listening t o words about art is.

Does the film substitute creative4 for the inept lecturer a pure4 visual experience he.&vl t o the layman in understanding art 1

Does its way of revealing a work of art betray it ? What are its possibilities, and its dangers ? A r t museums with educational programmes should take note of the out.rtanding develop-

ments in this new method of revealing art discussed here. At this stage thy can not on4 profit b9 the opportunì0 to experiment with a new instrument but t h y niay exert some inFuence on the development o f this method of visual experience in directions favourable and scrupulously faitL$ul t o the arts for which thy are responsible.

The authors are not professional museographers but rather film specialists. Their discus- sions, coming from outside museographical circles, present fresh points o f view.

Page 2: THE FILM AND THE ART MUSEUM

LE FILM ET LES MUSÉES D’ART

e filin éducatif e t l e documentaire ont donné la preuve de leur zhl i té dans les programmes L éducat ifs d’histoire nuturelle e t dans les musées scient$ques. Les musées d’art &alement ont pagois employé d des j n s éducatives des films sur des artistes e t leur travail ou des j lms illustrant une technique artistique. Cependant les musées d’art n’ont guère son@ jusqu ’ici à ex- ploiter les caractéristiques visuelles particulières du j l m pour une révélation plzis immédiate de 1’awv-e d’art e t du monde des artistes. (,es deux articles qui vont suivre font allusion aux pos~ibilités de l’application constructive du film à l’art. Ils suggèrent que son application à l’éducation artistique soit soigneusement exaîninée. L a projection ((fixe n en noir e t blanc - e t plus récemment en couleur - a introduit dans la pratique courante l’initiation de larges groupes d’auditeurs à l ’histoire e t à la compréhension de l’art. L’agrandissement, l ’emploi d’ana4~e-r diagrainmatiques .rurimposées, la comparaison du détail avec la composition entière, la projection simultanée de deux œuvres l’une à côté de l’autre, ont contribué. fructueusement, entre les mains d’un conférencìer habile, à diriger l’attention sur l ’expérience visuelle elle-même plutôt que sur les mots expliqztant la peinture. 1Jtilisé.r par un conférencier maladroit, ils ne pourraient guère offrir à l’auditeur autre chose que la connaissance de seconde main qu’il acquiert ci lire ou à écouter des phrases sur l’art.

Le film peut-il, à lu place d’un conflrencier malhabile, donner au pafaze une expérience purement visuelle qui l’aide à comprendre l’art 1

Sa fafon de révéler une œuvre d’art trahit-elle celle-ci ? Quels sont ses possibilités e t ses dangers ? Les mu1ée.r d’art qant des programmes éducat@ devraient prendre note des progrès mar-

qaants de cette nouvelle méthode d’initiation à l’art qui sont commentés ici. A u point où en sont les choses, ces musées peuvent non seulement tirer profit de l’occasion qui leur est offerte d’titiliser Ce t”l instrunient, mais encore dirker dans une certaine mesure l ’holuiion de cette méthode d’enseignement visuel dans un sens favorable e t scrupuleusement fidèle aux arts dont ils sont les gardiens.

Les auteur.r ne sont pas des prafessionnels de musées mais s’intéressent tout spécialement au film- Leurs i/iscimions, n’énranani pas il# cercle ?nu.réographipe, présentent des points de vue n0Uveaux.