the ferment of culture and reform
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The Ferment of Culture and Reform. Religion / Learning / Reform / Science Art / Literature /. Reviving Religion. In 1860 3/4ths of population attended church New Faiths like Unitarians - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Ferment of Culture and ReformReligion / Learning / Reform / ScienceArt / Literature /
Reviving Religion In 1860 3/4ths of
population attended church
New Faiths like Unitarians
Christians, and “circuit riders” begin revival meetings during Second Great Awakening to increase parishioners faith
Peter Cartwright and Charle Finney were two famous circuit riders
Denominational Diversity New York with the Puritan crowd known as the “burned over district” Religions split over slavery / women’s rights New Religion was Mormons, started by Joseph Smith, led to Utah over Utah Trail by Brigham Young. Utah becomes a state in 1896.
Free Schools for a Free People Jacksonian Democracy
brings about more discussion about tax supported education.
Horace Mann was “Father of Public Education”
William H. McGuffey readers
Noah Webster’s Dictionary Colleges were the Ivy
League schools and nondenominational UNC / UVA
Troy female Seminary (Emma Willard) and Mount Holyoke (Mary Lyon)
An Age of Reform Reformers sought to
reform tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and other vices
Reformers were for abolitionism and women’s rights
Debtor’s prisons were abolished
Dorothea Dix fought for asylum reform
American Peace Society (William Ladd) advocated an end to wars
Demon Rum The American
Temperance Society against alcohol abuse
Temperance….moderation
Neal S. Dow was the Father of American Prohibition….Maine Laws..stopped distilling and sale of liquor
Ten Nights In a Barroom and What I Saw There….temperance novel about Sam Slade’s tavern
Women in Revolt
The purity of women would guide men and the home. Many women viewed this as second class status.
Home was the center of a women’s world. Women were not in many occupations. Nursing / teaching and “womanly” roles
The Women’s Rights movement was led by Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, (Suzy Bs) , Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Formed NWSA / AWSA and finally NAWSA
First Women’s Rights Convention Seneca Falls
Women’s Rights Convention of 1848
• Women demanded suffrage
• Women’s movement soon took a back seat to abolitionism
Issued Declaration of Sentiments (stated all men and women were created equal)…launched modern women’s rights movement
Women Reformers• Elizabeth Blackwell…
lady medical doctor• Margaret Fuller..early
advocate of sexual liberation
• Amelia Bloomer…Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell… first “bloomers”
• Grimke sisters… abolitionists
Wilderness UtopiasCommunal Living toward a common goal
Robert Owen founded New Harmony Indiana
Brook Farm Massachusetts emphasized Transcendentalism
Oneida Community in New York…free love / eugenics
Shakers…communistic community founded by Mother Ann Lee
Scientific Achievement Influential scientists Benjamin Silliman…
chemist Louis
Agassiz….biologist Asa
Gray….botonists John
Audubon….birds
Medicine before Civil War Deadly diseases Low life
expectancy Patent medicines…
Robertson’s Infallible Worm Destroying Lozenges
Barber = surgeon
National Literature Federalist Papers / Poor
Richard’s Almanac and Thomas Paine’s Common Sense led the way
Knickerbocker group from New York led the way
Washington Irving…Rip Van Winkle , Legend of Sleepy Hollow
James Fenimore Cooper….The Last of the Mohicans
William Cullen Bryant…poet Thanatopsis
Trumpeters of Transcendentalism Search for the “inner light”
of truth Stressed individualism , self
reliance and non-conformity
Henry D. Thoreau….Walden or Life In The Woods
Ralph Waldo Emerson …Self Reliance
Thoreau wrote On Civil Disobedience
Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass
Thoreau
Emerson
Literary Lights Henry W. Longfellow…
poet “The Song of Hiawatha”
Louisa May Alcott…Little Women
Emily Dickenson..poet Edgar Allen Poe….The
Raven, The Pit and the Pendulum
Herman Melville …Moby Dick
Nathaniel Hawthorne ….The Scarlet Letter
Portrayers of the Past George Bancroft
…. The Father of American History
Francis Parkman …. The Colonial Wars
Patrician school of Early Historians