ch. 15 ppt ferment and reform of culture charles g. finney dorothea dix great awakening

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Ch. 15 PPT Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Ferment and Reform of Culture Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakenin g

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Page 1: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Ch. 15 PPTCh. 15 PPTFerment and Reform of CultureFerment and Reform of Culture

Charles G. Finney

Dorothea Dix

Great

Awakening

Page 2: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

TMWK CH 15TMWK CH 151. Pg 321 What were the Protestant camp

meetings like and what did they spark?2. Pg 322 Picture & Quote Describe Charles

G. Finney’s work as an evangelist and his beliefs

Page 3: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Liberalism & Revival of ReligionLiberalism & Revival of Religion• Deism: Relied on reason instead of revelation,

science rather than Bible. Denied Christ’s divinity.• Unitarianism: God existed in one person (uni) and

not in the Trinity (God the Father, God the Son, Holy Spirit.) Denied Christ’s divinity. Salvation through good works.

• Transcendentalism: Leader Ralph Waldo Emerson Belief in ideal spirituality that "transcends" the physical and empirical - Realized only through the individual's intuition (inner light) instead of doctrines of established religions. Rose up as protest against Unitarianism. Growing liberalism (Deism and Unitarianism) in religion brought religious revival in 1800.

Page 4: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening• Religious revival brought: conversion of souls,

shattered and reorganized churches, new sects of religion, reform movements.

• Spread to frontier by huge “camp meetings.”• Preachers taught spiritual worth of women and their

role in bringing their family back to God.• Feminization of religion: Middle-class women were

1st and most fervent revivalists - made up most of new church members.

• Women formed charitable organizations and began crusades for reforms.

Page 5: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Leaders in the AwakeningLeaders in the Awakening• Methodist Peter Cartwright: traveling frontier circuit

preacher–thousands of souls converted to Christianity• Charles Finney 1830s: led revivals in NY.

Denounced alcohol & slavery. Encouraged women to pray in public. Later became Pres of Oberlin College.

Charles G. Finney

Page 6: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Denominational DiversityDenominational Diversity• 1830s Central and Western NY – “Burned-Over

District”: this area was heavily evangelized.• Millerites or “Adventists”: named after William

Miller - 1830s several hundred thousand believers in “Burned Over District,”

• 1857 Presbyterians of North and South divided.

Page 7: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

TMWKTMWK3. Pg 325 Where did the Mormons move

after Joseph Smith’s death? Name two Mormon settlements.

Page 8: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Mormonism – Latter Day SaintsMormonism – Latter Day Saints• Founder Joseph Smith: received Book of Mormon

from an angel.• Issues: Polygamy, voting as a church unit, drilling

their militia for defense• Joseph Smith murdered; Brigham Young became

leader of Mormons.• 1846-1847: led Mormons to Utah; became a

prosperous frontier theocracy.• Congress passes anti-polygamy law in 1862 & 1882.

Page 9: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Free SchoolsFree Schools• “Free” public schools opposed by many, since tax

money needed to be used to pay for schools.• 1825-1850: tax supported education grew – needed

for social stability and democracy. Early schools stayed open only few months.

• Horace Mann: campaigned for more & better schoolhouses, longer school terms, higher pay for teachers.

• 1828 Noah Webster (improved textbooks): reading lessons used by millions of students. Developed dictionary which standardized American language.

• William McGuffey: McGuffey’s grade-school readers

Page 10: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

TMWKTMWK4. Pg 327 Which was the first co-educational school for higher

education that accepted women?

Page 11: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Higher LearningHigher Learning• Religious zeal led to planting of denominational liberal

arts colleges in South and West.• 1st state supported universities sprang up in South,

beginning with N. Carolina.• 1819: Univ of Virginia – Thomas Jefferson• Emma Willard: established the Troy, Female

Seminary Oberlin College in Ohio• Mary Lyon: established women’s school – Mount

Holyoke Seminary (College) in MA.• Lyceum Lecture Associations: Traveling lecturers

gave talks on science, literature, philosophy (ie Ralph Waldo Emerson)

Page 12: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

TMWKTMWK5. Pg 329 What reform did Dorothea

Dix champion?

Page 13: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Age of ReformAge of Reform• Imprisonment for debt continued thru 1830; gradually

state legislatures abolished debtor’s prisons.• Capital offenses reduced - brutal punishments slowly

being eliminated. New idea: prisons shouldn’t only punish, but reform criminals.

• Dorothea Dix: New England teacher – traveled & gathered data on poor treatment of mentally ill; became their advocate. Resulted in improving mental health care conditions in asylums.

• American Peace Society 1828: Leader William Ladd - Established to make war on war

Page 14: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Prominent WomenProminent WomenEmma Willard

Dorothea Dix

Mary Lyon

Page 15: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Reforms ContReforms Cont..• American Temperance Society 1826: temperance

pledge to abstain from drinking distilled beverages.• Neal Dow: “Father of Prohibition” sponsored 1851

Maine Law - prohibited manufacture/sale of liquor. 12 states passed similar laws; some were repealed or declared unconstitutional.

Page 16: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

TMWKTMWK6. Pg 331 Which two prominent women

played an important role in women’s rights? In what spheres did they work for women’s rights?

Page 17: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Women in SocietyWomen in Society• Women = keepers of society’s consciences -

responsibility to teach children how to be good and productive citizens.

• “Cult of Domesticity” – home was woman’s sphere.• Gender differences strongly emphasized.• Women’s Rights Movement:

1. Lucretia Mott – Quaker, abolitionist, social reformer, pro women’s rights.

2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton – Leader of women’s rights: Declaration of Sentiments written at 1st Women’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, NY.

Page 18: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

Leaders in Women’s RightsLeaders in Women’s RightsLucretia MottElizabeth Cady Stanton

Page 19: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

UtopiasUtopias• More than 40 utopian (cooperative & communistic)

communities set up – people living together sharing common beliefs, possessions, resources, sometimes income/work.

- Robert Owen: New Harmony, Indiana – set up by religious group = Harmonists.

- Oneida Community 1848: Religious commune (communal property and possessions) in NY; manufactured silverware and steel animal traps. All expected to work.

- Shakers 1770s: Leader Ann Lee; religious communities set up – Celibacy and gender equality.

Page 20: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

TMWKTMWK7. Pg 341 Quote Describe two points of

Henry David Thoreau’s argument for Civil Disobedience.

Page 21: Ch. 15 PPT Ferment and Reform of Culture Charles G. Finney Dorothea Dix Great Awakening

National LiteratureNational Literature• Washington Irving: “Rip Van Winkle,” “Legend of

Sleepy Hollow,” and Knickerbocker’s History of NY.• James Fenimore Cooper: 1st American novelist,

Leatherstocking Tales, Last of the Mohicans.• Henry David Thoreau: Walden: Or Life in the

Woods, Civil Disobedience (Influenced Gandhi and Dr. MLK, Jr.)

• Louisa May Alcott: Little Women• Poet Emily Dickinson: Refused to publish poems.

At her death - 2,000 poems found and printed.