the evolution of calculators

8/13/2019 The Evolution of Calculators

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THEEVOLUTIONOFCALCULATORS

Group Members:Nejo Varghese

Mahesh Navale

Nikhil Karemore

Roshni Nair

Medha Rewadekar

Mitali Sharma

Prajakta UthayaKumar

Nitya Desul


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4000 12000 B.C. CLAYTABLETS

Sumerians kept track of commercial transactions on clay tablets.

The Sumerians were the first known civilization and it is

believed this system was the precursor for the calculator.


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3000 B.C. - ABACUS

Babylonians create an abacus following the Sumerians. The

abacus would spread throughout Egypt, Greece, Persia and Asia.


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1STCENTURYB.C.

GREEKANTIKYTHERAMECHANISM.

Antikythera Mechanism is dedicated to astronomical phenomena and

operates as a complex mechanical "calculator" which tracks the cycles

of the Solar System. The Antikythera Mechanism dates from around

the 1st century B.C. and is the most sophisticated mechanism known

from the ancient world.


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1452 - 1519

LEONARDODAVINCIS

MECHANICALCALCULATOR

First mechanical calculator may have been conceived by

Leonardo da Vinci around 1502.


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1600 - NAPIERSBONES

Invented by John Napier for multiplication, and based on the

ancient numerical scheme known as the Arabian lattice.


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1620 - LOGARITHMICRULEEdmund Gunter developed a logarithmic rule for multiplication

and division using dividers, which was the forerunner of the slide rule.

1622 CIRCULARSLIDERULE

William Oughtred invented the circular slide rule, and in 1633

described the rectilinear version.


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1623 CALCULATINGCLOCK

William Schickard designed the first calculator to assist in multiplication

known as the CalculatingClock."


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1642 - PASCALINE

Blaise Pascal developed a mechanical calculator - the Pascaline. Capable

of addition, subtraction was performed by nines- complement addition,

and multiplication was performed by repeated additions and

subtractions.


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1674 - STEPPEDRECKONER

Gottfried Leibniz constructed the first calculator capable of multiplication

and division. He Developed the Stepped Reckoner using stepped gear

wheels. Performed the 4 functions, add subtract multiply and divide.


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1820 - ARITHMOMETER

Charles Xavier Thomas invents the Arithmometer that becomes

first mass produced calculator.


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1822 - DIFFERENCEENGINE

Charles Babbage conceived the original Difference Engine


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1874 - THEODHNERCALCULATOR

The Odhner calculator, invented by the Swedish engineer W.T.

Odhner, is based on the pin-wheel principle.


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1884 - COMPTOMETER

Dorr E. Felt invents the Comptometer, the first succesfull key-driven

adding and calculating machine. In 1886 he joined with Robert Tarrant to

form the Felt & Tarrant Manufacturing Company


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1890 - CALCULIMETER

Invented by Charpentier of France

1902 - THEDALTON

The Dalton adding-listing machine

was the first of its type to use only

ten keys first 10-key add-lister.


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1947 - CURTAMINIATURE

Curta miniature hand-held mechanical

calculator introduced

1961 - ANITAMKVIIANDANITAMK8.

First electronic desktop calculator - Bell

Punch/Sumlock Anita Mk VII and Anita

MK8 - based on cold-cathode vacuum

tubes. Orange discharge tube displays

used.


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1978 SOLARCALCULATORS

The worldsfirst solar powered calculators were

released.

1978 - MINIATURECALCULATORS

Casio releases first miniature

calculator Casio Mini Card LC-78.


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1993 THENEWTON

Apple releases the first personal digital

assistant the Newton.

Microsoft develops Power Calculatorfor Windows XP as part of

PowerToys." Power Calculator allows users to perform calculations,

conversions, evaluate and graph functions. It is a free app.

2001 MICROSOFTPOWERCALCULATOR

2011 APPLEIOS5

Apple releases ios5 that brings modern calculators to smartphone users.


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CONCEPTCALCUATORS: LEXONROSWELL

CALCULATOR

It has a transparent screen that displays the information. The Roswell

calculator is made from a single piece of aluminium


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CONCEPTCALCUATORS: TWINCALCULATOR

The hand-held twin calculator designed by D.K. & Wei offers a flexible

way for one to work on mathematics - A solar-powered digital calculator is

built on the front with a full touch interface for an efficient calculation.

Meanwhile, one can always enjoy fun calculating with beads from a back

Mini Chinese abacus!


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THANKYOU!

the evolution of calculators

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