the english civil war & the glorious revolution preview preview: –examine the image on the...
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The English Civil War & the The English Civil War & the Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution
PreviewPreview:
–Examine the image on the next slide. What do you think is going on?
–What do you think led to the actions in this slide?
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English Civil War (1642-1647)
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Reasons for the English Civil WarIn 1603, Elizabeth died. She
never married, so there were no heirs to continue the Tudor Dynasty
Mary Stuart’s son James I became the King of England— started StuartStuart DynastyDynasty in England
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Reasons for the English Civil War
Queen Elizabeth recognized the importance of working with Parliament
James I did not; believed he should be absolute monarch because of Divine RightDivine Right (God chooses royal families to rule); James I did not listen to Parliament
Major problems between Parliament & King over issues of Authority, Money, & Religion
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Problems between the King and Parliament
Authority—James I believed in divine right and absolutism; Parliament felt king should be limited by Parliament
Money—James I has to ask Parliament for money to finance government and life style
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What is divine right?1. King has power to rule
from people.2. King has the power to
rule from Congress.3. King has power to rule
from Parliament.4. King has power to rule
from God.
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Problems between the King and Parliament
Religion—Puritans were members of the Anglican Church who wanted all Catholic rituals removed; Puritans were active members of Parliament & were angered when James I arranged marriage of son (Charles) to a Catholic princess
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Reasons for the English Civil WarWhen James I died in 1625, his son
Charles ICharles I became kingCharles was “worse” than
James:
–Charles believed in divine right & absolute monarchy; refused to discuss ideas with Parliament—only called Parliament when he needed money
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Reasons for the English Civil WarParliament got fed up with Charles I &
refused to give him money unless signed Petition of RightsPetition of Rights in 1628:–King could not jail people
without a good reason–King could not make taxes
without Parliament's approval–King could not keep his soldiers in
peoples’ homes & could not use army to maintain order during peacetime
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Civil WarCharles I was really mad at
Parliament & refused to call another Parliament for 11 years until he needed money to end revolts in Ireland & Scotland
Conflict between supporters of King (Royalists/Cavaliers) & Parliament grew so bad that a civil war was inevitable
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Civil WarWar between CavaliersCavaliers
(Royalists) vs RoundheadsRoundheads (supporters of Parliament) lasted for 5 years
Roundheads found a strong leader in Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell; Cromwell and Roundheads won & behead the king (1st public execution of a king)
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Do you think the Charles I should have been executed?1. Strongly agree
2. Somewhat agree
3. Somewhat disagree
4. Strongly disagree
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What did the 19 Propositions say?1. Gave the King supreme
power.
2. Gave Parliament Supreme power.
3. Made the Commonwealth legal.
4. Gave Oliver Cromwell complete power.
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After the Civil WarAfter the Civil War, a
CommonwealthCommonwealth was created—type of government with no king & ruled by Parliament
Oliver Cromwell led the Commonwealth, but did not use democracy— he became a military dictator
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New CommonwealthLife in the Commonwealth was harsh
because it was led by Cromwell & the Puritans; Forced strict religious rules on people of England:
It was illegal to go to theaters & sporting events; “merrymaking” & “amusement” were illegal
Citizens hated living this way & began to want to bring back a king again
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English English Civil War Civil War GraffitiGraffiti
King Charles
King Charles
is
a bum!
is
a bum!
Let Let
Parliament
Parliament
rule!rule!
Cavalier
Cavaliers stink!
s stink!
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The Restoration (1660)
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RestorationPeople grew tired of the severe,
religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king again
In 1660, Charles I’s son became King of England—Charles IICharles II was called the ““Merry MonarchMerry Monarch”” because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing & he got along with he got along with Parliament!!Parliament!!
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A rth u r
M ary I"B lood y M ary"
Elizabeth I E d w ard V I
Henry V III
Charles II Jam es II
Charles I
Jam es I
M ary S tu artQ u een o fS co tlan d
Jam es VK in g o f
S co tlan d
M arg are t M ary
H en ry V II
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RestorationCharles II learned from the lessons of
his father & grandfather:–Did not try to rule by Divine Right &
did not threaten Parliament’s authority
–Passed Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus LawLaw—everyone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail forever
–Anglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally
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RestorationDuring the Restoration,
Parliament strengthened the Church of England—only Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, be priests in Anglican Church
Parliament created Constitutional Constitutional MonarchyMonarchy based on Magna Carta & Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people & limited king)
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RestorationBUT, there were problems:
–Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secretsecret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money
–Charles II had no children; when he died, his openly-Catholic brother James IIJames II will be king (Parliament's worst fear!!)
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This is James II
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Glorious Revolution
James ignoring Parliament’s religious laws, James appointed Catholics to government and university positions.
Parliament was worried the throne would go to James II son who was to be raised Catholic.
Encouraged William of Orange (ruler of the Netherlands who was married to James II daughter Mary) to invade and take over.
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Glorious Revolution (Cont)
James II fled to France when he realized he had little support from England.
This peaceful transfer of power was called the Glorious Revolution.
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William and Mary
William and Mary swore an oath that they would govern the people of England.
Parliament passed the Bill of Rights. This passage made it clear that
Parliament was in control.
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What is a commonwealth?
A s
tate
rule
d by
the
...
A s
tate
rule
d by
a he.
..
A s
tate
rule
d by
a co
ns...
A s
tate
rule
d by
elec
t..
5%
59%
36%
0%
1. A state ruled by the monarch.
2. A state ruled by a hegemon.
3. A state ruled by a constitution.
4. A state ruled by elected representatives.
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What is a constitutional monarchy?
Form
of g
overn
men
t ..
Form
of g
overn
men
t ..
Form
of g
overn
men
t...
Form
of g
overn
men
t...
82%
9%5%5%
1. Form of government in which monarch’s power is limited by the constitution.
2. Form of government in which monarch’s power is unlimited by the constitution.
3. Form of government where Parliament is in control.
4. Form of government where Parliament is not in control.
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What is habeas corpus?
Peo
ple h
ave
to b
e tri
ed.
Peo
ple c
annot
be
hel...
Peo
ple n
eed to
be
rea.
..
Peo
ple h
ave
to h
ave
..
0% 0%0%
100%1. People have to be tried.
2. People cannot be held in prison w/o just cause or w/o a trial.
3. People need to be read their miranda rights.
4. People have to have an attorney present at trial.