the endocrine system by andy tillotson and holden gjuka
TRANSCRIPT
FUNCTION AND PROCESSES
• METABOLIC PROCESSES
• WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCES
• CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• AIDS IN TRANSPORT
• REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND GROWTH
ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND EXOCRINE GLANDS
• THE 2 PRIMARY GLANDS
• EXOCRINE GLANDS SECRETE OUTSIDE THE BODY
• ENDOCRINE GLANDS SECRETE INTO THE BLOOD STREAM
HORMONES
• HORMONES ARE CHEMICAL SECRETIONS FROM GLANDS
• THEY ONLY WORK ON TARGET CELLS
• ELICIT A RESPONSE FROM TARGET CELL CAUSING CHANGE.
MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS
• THE MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS ARE,
• PITUITARY GLAND
• THYROID GLAND
• PARATHYROID GLANDS
• ADRENAL GLANDS
• PANCREAS
• PINEAL GLAND
• THYMUS GLAND
• REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS, (TESTES AND OVARIES)
PITUITARY GLAND AND ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
• LOCATED AT BASE OF THE BRAIN UNDER THE HYPOTHALAMUS
• GROWTH HORMONE, STIMULATES DIVISION OF CELLS
• PROLACTIN, STIMULATES MILK GROWTH IN WOMEN, UNKNOWN IN MEN
• THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, CONTROLS RATE OF THYROID SECRETIONS
• ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, CONTROLS SECRETION OF ADRENAL GLAND
• FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BOTH GONADOTROPINS, ONLY WORK ON REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.
POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
• ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE, DECREASES URINE FORMATION.
• OXYTOCIN, CONSTRICTS UTERINE WALL DURING CHILDBIRTH, AND CAUSES MILK TO BE RELEASED FROM BREASTS
THYROID GLAND
• LARGE GLAND JUST BELOW LARYNX
• THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE REGULATE METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, AND PROTEINS
• TRIIODOTHYRONINE IS STRONGER THAN THYROXINE
PARATHYROID GLANDS
• ON THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE THYROID GLAND
• PARATHYROID HORMONE, INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM CONCENTRATION, DECREASES BLOOD PHOSPHATE ION CONCENTRATION
ADRENAL GLANDS/ADRENAL MEDULLA
• SITS ON TOP OF KIDNEYS
• TWO PARTS, ADRENAL MEDULLA AND ADRENAL CORTEX
• EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE FUNCTION VERY SIMILARLY, CAUSE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSES
ADRENAL CORTEX
• ALDOSTERONE, MINERALOCORTICOID, REGULATES MINERAL ELECTROLYTES.
• CORTISOL, GLUCOCORTICOID, AFFECTS GLUCOSE METABOLISM
PANCREAS
• LOCATED POSTERIOR TO THE STOMACH
• GLUCAGON, STIMULATES LIVER TO BREAK DOWN GLYCOGEN AND NONCARBOHYDRATES.
• INSULIN, STIMULATES LIVER TO FORM GLYCOGEN AND INHIBITS THE BREAKDOWN OF NONCARBOHYDRATES.
PINEAL GLAND
• LOCATED DEEP BETWEEN CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
• SECRETES MELATONIN IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT DECISIONS OUTSIDE BODY, DARKNESS CAUSES MORE MELATONIN, AND THIS HELPS REGULATE CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
THYMUS GLAND
• LOCATED IN THE MEDIASTINUM, BETWEEN THE LUNGS
• SECRETES HORMONES CALLED THYMOSINS, WHICH REGULATE WHITE BLOOD CELLS
REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS
• LOCATED IN THE GENITAL AREA
• OVARIES PRODUCE ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE
• AND TESTES PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE BOTH OF WHICH CAUSE THE DIFFERENCE IN MALES AND FEMALES
REGULATION OF HORMONES
• ALL 3 WAYS USE A NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM
• HYPOTHALAMUS
• DIRECT NERVOUS SYSTEM
• RESPONDS DIRECTLY TO INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGES
NERVOUS SYSTEMS CONNECTION TO SECRETION
• NERVOUS SYSTEM SENDS SYMPATHETIC NERVE IMPULSES, AND SEVERAL GLANDS CAN RESPOND TO THAT DIRECTLY.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEMS
• HORMONES ARE REGULATED WITH NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEMS
• LOOKS LIKE A SINE WAVE
• HORMONES DO NOT STAY AT HOMEOSTASIS
• GO ABOVE AND BELOW.
DISEASES
• HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM, TOO LITTLE GROWTH HORMONE, NORMAL PERSON, JUST SMALL.
• GIGANTISM, TOO MUCH GROWTH HORMONE, HAS SEVERAL METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
• ACROMEGALY, OVERPRODUCTION OF GROWTH HORMONE AS AN ADULT, ENLARGED THINGS SUCH AS HEART, FEET, HANDS, HEAD, THYROID GLAND.
DISEASES CONT.
• HYPERTHYROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM, BOTH ARE DISORDERS IN THYROID, HYPO WILL CAUSE STUNTED EVERYTHING IN A CHILD, STUNTED GROWTH, MENTAL RETARDATION
• HYPERTHYROIDISM CAUSES OVEREATING, RAISED TEMPERATURE, AND INCREASED METABOLIC RATE.
DISEASES CONT.
• DIABETES MELLITUS, CAUSED BY A LACK OF INSULIN, KILLS CHILDREN WITHOUT INSULIN, BUT WITH INSULIN, LEADS TO DISTURBANCE IN BREAKDOWN OF SUGARS AND EFFECTS BODY PARTS.
• HAS 3 TYPES OF DIABETES.
• TYPE 1, NO INSULIN, SEMI RARE
• TYPE 2, HAS INSULIN, NO RECOGNITION, 85-90% OF DIABETES ARE TYPE 2