the economics of land degradation in central asia ... · 3 29.6.16 the economics of land...

Seite 129.6.16

The Economics of Land Degradation

in Central Asia. Progress Report

Rakhat Sabyrbekov,American University of Central Asia

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

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A global initiative for sustainable land management

ELD Vision:

“To transform global understanding of the economic value

of productive land based on both market and non-market

values, and to improve stakeholder awareness for

socio-economic arguments to improve sustainable land

management, prevent the loss of natural capital, preserve

ecosystem services, combat climate change, and address

food, energy, and water security.”

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Goals of the ELD Initiative in Central Asia

- Provide an economic valuation of losses from land degradation

and their primary ecosystem services triggered by human activity

- Examine economic efficiency and present main options for

practices/techniques for sustainable land use with consideration

given to applicability and feasibility

- Improve awareness of decision makers and capacity of local

specialists in applying analysis and economic valuation of

ecosystems for decision making

4

ELD CARegional Report

National Report

ELD

KAZ

National Report

ELD

UZB

National Report

ELD

TUK

National Report

ELD

TAJ

National Report

ELD

KRG

Global ELD

NetworkELD Regional

Coordinator

ELD in Central Asia –

A Multi-Partner Initiative

ELD

Secretariat

ICARDA

Kazles Project,

Innovative Science

Institute,

UNDP BioFin

GIZ Flermoneca

State Agrarian

University

GIZ Flermoneca

ICARDA Regional

Office

Union of

Economists of

Turkmenistan,

National Desert,

Flora and Fauna

Institute

National

Biodiversity Center

Institute of Soil

GIZ Flermoneca

Cadaster

Directorate

RECCA (national

project)

GIZ Flermoneca

RECCA

UNDP

GIZ

World Bank

FAO

ICSD

5

Country Ecosystem

Kyrgyzstan High-mountain pasture

Tajikistan Foothills and low

mountains

Kazakhstan Forests and rain-fed

arable farming

Turkmenistan Lowland pastures

Uzbekistan Irrigated agriculture

ELD in Central Asia – an elevation approach

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ELD pilot areas in Central Asia

• Identify main

causes of, and

losses from,

land

degradation

• Estimate costs

of the

degradation of

land and

ecosystem

services

• Prepare a

substantiation

for alternatives

for sustainable

land

management

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/40/7240-004-2F862B56.jpg

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This work is unique in that it:• Applies a comprehensive approach

– Accounting for all types of vital activities in a certain type of ecosystem

• Incorporates environmental parameters into the economic valuation– Climatic parameters

• Performs a full economic analysis of specific alternative scenarios– Based on market data

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Preliminary results for

Kazakhstan:- The Bakanak Forestry

InstitutionA potential for an increase in the use of ecosystem services of desert forests

56,50

57,00

57,50

58,00

58,50

59,00

59,50

2017г 2018г 2019г

Total value of ecosystem services in Bakanas, USD per hectare

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Kyrgyzstan:Three pilot areas: Chon Aksuu, Kyzyl-Unkur, Son-KulIntroducing a sustainable pasture use, reducing pressures and recovering pastures

$3 000 000

$3 500 000

$4 000 000

$4 500 000

$5 000 000

$5 500 000

$6 000 000

$6 500 000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Total benefits: Baseline and Alternative scenarios

Current use Total benefits

Alternative scenatio Total benefits

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Example: Pastures of Son-Kul

Livestock farming, 55%

Potable water, 0%

Biofuel, 0%

Carbon sequestration,

12%

Tourism, 31%

Community-based tourism,

2%

Share of ecosystems

Ecosystems USD

Livestock farming 6 702 948

Potable water 6 357

Biofuel 26 069

СО2 sequestration 1 451 313

Tourism 3 771 429

Community-based

tourism

299 000

Total 12 257 114

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Tajikistan: Faizabad district“A comprehensive approach to irrigated arable farming (no-till), improving land use (intensive gardens), and improving pastures (+ protection from natural disasters)»

The introduction of alternative scenarios in 10 districts of the country will result in a benefit of more than USD 22,319 million

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Turkmenistan: three areas (three types of pastures)Recovery and sustainable use of pastures by:• Creating year-round pasture phytocoenoses

(improving productivity from USD 40 to USD 70 her hectare)

– Perennial grasses– Annual grasses– Pasture rotation

60

4540

39,71394339

39,00757326

38,445864237,8922437

637,3465954

536,8940184

236,1890371

7

39,71394339

43,68533773

48,053871552,8592586

5

58,14518452

63,95970297

70,35567327

0

20

40

60

80

База t=-10 t=0 t=1 t=2 t=3 t=4 t=5 t=6 t=7

Экономическая оценка 1 гектара равнинных пастбищ по

продуктивности [usd/га]

Безальтернативное развитие

Альтернативное развитие

Investments pay back in 4 years and generate a 27%

profitability

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Uzbekistan: the Bukа districtIntroduction of best techniques in crop farming:• Leave a coverage in the field• Crop rotation• Planting trees around the field

Investments into the latter result in a profit increase of

up to 40%

2105 NPV,

2024

Income from 2 ha of planted poplar -900000 8335862

Income from yield increase by 15%, 54 ha 22941630 116487635

The income from cotton cultivation, 56

ha

17596600 89347894

Useful income 124823497

The benefit to the farmer, % 39,7

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Planned dates• Completion of national and regional reports –

August 2016• A regional meeting to present results –

September 2016

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Challenges:• Building a local capacity at the regional and

national levels• Drafting standards, valuation methodologies

and ratios/indicators for Central Asian ecosystems

• Availability and quality of data

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Opportunities for next steps • Disseminate results gathered• Integrate them into decision making• Raise awareness and improve information availability at all

levels• Draft and agree standards, valuation methodologies and

ratios/indicators for Central Asian ecosystems• Apply this approach in the management of various

ecosystems (e.g., water basins)

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Thank you!

National Focal Points:

Kazakshtan: Sabit Baizakov,

[email protected]

Kyrgyzstan: Rakhat Sabyrbekov,

[email protected]

Tajikistan: Rakhmon Shukurov,

[email protected],

Turkmenistan: Murad Nepesov,

[email protected]

Uzbekistan: Umidjan Nazarkulov,

[email protected]

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