the dynasties of china steve balaski kathy boran renee crow sendjaja tjajadi
TRANSCRIPT
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The Dynasties of China
Steve BalaskiKathy BoranRenee Crow
Sendjaja Tjajadi
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Overview
• Time span of the dynasties– 21st century B.C. thru– 1911 A.D.– Almost 4000 years
• Over 30 different dynasties• We will present 13 of the most important
one.
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Xia Dynasty(21st until 16th B.C.)
• First prehistoric dynasty• Excavations made at Anyang, Henan in 1928• Evolutionary stage between:
– Late Neolithic culture • Hunter gatherers• Stone tools
– Chinese civilization• Agricultural communities• Silk and pottery
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Shang Dynasty(17st until 11th B.C.)
• Cradle of Chinese civilization– Based on agriculture– Developed a writing system– High level of civilization: bronze
workmanship
• Ruled by kings– Cities were centers of glittering court life – Court rituals honoring ancestors– Slaves buried alive in royal tombs
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Zhou Dynasty10th until 2nd century B.C.
• Capital at Hao (near Xi’an) in Wei Valley• Ruled much of China north of Yangtze river• Extended Shang culture• Early rule: Feudal
– Decentralized; control based on family ties• Later: City States
– Central control over local governments – Impersonal political and economic institutions– Culture: philosophy, poetry and prose
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Qin (221 until 207 B.C.)
• Achievements:– Standardized language & Writing– Standardized currency– Standardized measurements– Public Works
• Great Wall• Roads & Irrigation canals
• Leader: Shi Huangdi
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Western Han (206 B.C.- 9 A.D.)
Eastern Han (25-225 A.D.)
• Achievements:– Silk Road
• Better Tools—Iron– Agriculture
» Crop Rotation
– Education– Paper and Porcelain
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Xin (9 - 24 A.D.)
• Brief Interlude• One Family Member had too
much power• Introduced Imperial Seal
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Three Kingdoms (220-280 A.D.)
Western & Eastern Jin (265-315 A.D.)
Southern & Northern
(420-588 A.D.)
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Sui Dynasty (581-617)
Reunified China in 589
High Taxes and Compulsory Labor
Completion of the Grand Canal (connect Yellow and Yangtze/ Beijing to Hangzhou)
Campaign against Korea in the early 7th century
A lot of revolts and assassinations
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Tang Dynasty (618-907)
High point of Chinese civilization (comparable to Han Dynasty)
Golden age of literature and art• India and Middle-East
relations stimulated creativity
• Buddhism (from India) was widely promoted (Confucius era)
• Block printing was invented
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Tang Dynasty (618-907) Cont’d
Better government system• Civil service examination and
other competitive entrance procedures (why?)
• Independent from aristocracy and warlords (why? How?)
• “Scholar-officials” (who? duty and privileges?)
Fragmentation of China (5 north dynasties, 10 south kingdoms)
• Economic, politic, societal reasons + Arab wars
• North invaders
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Song Dynasty (960-1279)
2 Phases: Northern (960-1127) and Southern Song (1127-1279) Centralized bureaucracy (more power on emperor)(regional governors centrally appointed officials) City developments (admin., trade, industry,
maritime commerce)Mercantile class• Printing and education spread• Private trade grew• Market network grewThe Neo Confucius Philosophy (by Zhu Xi)
inhibited pre modern societal development
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Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368)Mongolian Rule
• Kublai Khan• Established the Yuan
dynasty (1279-1368• Moves Capital to Bejing• Marco Polo visits
Bejing• Drama and novels are
developed
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Ming Dynasty (1368 -1644)
Construction of the Forbidden City
Completion of the Great Wall
Ocean voyages as far as Africa by Zheng He
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Ch’ing Dynasty (1644 – 1911)
Expansion and unification
Opium Wars
Boxer Rebellion