the disease triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · appalachian spring big apple...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Disease Triangle Sherrie Smith University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
host
pathogen environment
disease
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Disease?
• biotic: viruses, fungi, bacteria, nematodes
• abiotic: drought, over watering, deficiencies
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The Disease Triangle host
pathogen environment
disease
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V = Verticillium wilt
F = Fusarium wilt
N = Nematodes
T = Tobacco mosaic
virus
A = Alternaria stem rot
Better Boy
(VFN)
Tomato
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J.C Watterson APS Images
J.C Watterson APS Images
J.C Watterson APS Images
VFNTA A = Alternaria stem
rot canker.
Alternaria
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Fusarium wilt
J.P. Jones APS Images
VFNTA F = Fusarium wilt
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J.P. Jones APS Images
Fusarium wilt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHnO
YcI6B44
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Verticillium wilt
J.P. Jones APS Images
J.P. Jones APS Images
VFNTA V = Verticillium wilt
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A.S. Costa APS Images Viruses
R.G. Christie APS Images
C. Vovlas APS Images
VFNTA T = Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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Virus
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Roundup damage
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Tomato Spotted Wilt
Virus
Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University
84 positive of
219 samples
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Tospovirus
Alton N. Sparks, Jr., University of Georgia,
www.forestryimages.org
Photo by Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University
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Field Crops Vegetables
Tobacco Tomato Celery
Peanut Pepper Bean
Potato Cowpea
Eggplant Spinach
Lettuce Cucumber
Endive Cauliflower
174 host species
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Ornamentals Mums Zinnias Phlox
African Violet Snapdragon Salvia
Primrose Dahlia Poppy
Begonia Cosmos Petunias
Gerbera Peony Impatiens
Calla lily Geranium Marigold
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Weeds
Amaranth Lamb’s quarters
Chickweed Smooth rattlepod
Burdock Cheese weed
Beggar ticks Statice
Sowthistle Sweet clover
Morning glory Shepherd’s purse
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www.biology.arizona.edu/.../elisa_plate.gif
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TSWV Resistant Varieties • Amelia
• Red Defender
• Nico
• Sophya F1
• HMX 5790 F1
• BHN 444
• BHN 601
• BHN 640 http://www.tomatogrowers.com/index.html
http://www.harrismoran.com/products/tomato.htm
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Weed control.
Insecticides.
Mesh-400 micron. http://www.miami-
aquaculture.com/screen.htm 400 micron
60“wide $23.01 per linear yard
Destroy infected plants.
Use resistant cultivars.
Reflective mulches.
Sticky traps.
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httpucdnema.ucdavis.eduimagemapnemmapEnt156html204NEMTNEMSAMP.htm
Healthy roots
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Tomato root knot nematode
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Cucumber scab
Sherrie Smith University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
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Annual vinca-Phytophthora
canker
Department of Plant Pathology Archive, North Carolina State University, Bugwood.org
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Department of Plant Pathology Archive, North Carolina State University, Bugwood.org
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Sherrie Smith University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
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Resistant cultivars
• Cora® Vinca http://www.goldsmithseeds.com/
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Dogwood anthracnose-Discula
destructiva
Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
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Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
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Charles Hoysa, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Bugwood.org
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Terry Price, Georgia Forestry Commission, Bugwood.org
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Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
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Resistant cultivars
Cornus florida Cornus Kousa Cornus florida x kousa
Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora
China Girl Celestial
Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation
Gay Head Ruth Ellen
Greensleeves Star Dust
Julian Milky Way Stellar Pink
Steeple
Temple Jewel
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Dogwood Powdery mildew
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Resistant cultivars
Jean’s Appalachian Snow
Karen’s Appalachian Blush
Kay’s Appalachian Mist
Cultivars of C. kousa, oriental dogwood
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Zinnia Powdery mildew
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Resistant cultivars
• Zinnia angustifolia
• Rose Pinwheel
• Blue Point series
• Profusion zinnias
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Crabapple scab
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Resistant cultivars • Ann E.
• Basakatong
• Bob White
• Jack
• Japanese Flowering
• Louisa
• Ormiston Roy
• Prairie Maid
• Prairifire
• Redbud
• White Angel
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Pear Fire blight
Sherrie Smith University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
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Fire Blight Resistant Pear
Pyrus usssuriensis Maxi. 'Prairie Gem'
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The Disease Triangle host
pathogen environment
disease
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R.W. Stevenson APS Images L.R. Jones and Grout APS Images
Early blight
L.R. Jones and Grout APS
Images
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Sherrie Smith University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
Fusarium rot
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Lettuce drop
Sherrie Smith University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
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Southern blight
J.C.Watterson APS Images
Sclerotium rolfsii
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Southern blight on fruit J.C.Watterson APS Images
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Timber rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
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Ajuga Crown rot
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Hosta Crown rot
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Azalea/Rhododendron Petal
blight
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Maple Anthracnose
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Nematodes
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Soil Solarization
http://polkmastergardener.ifas.ufl.edu/faqs/nematodes.shtml
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How to solarize
• Level the ground, free of debris.
• Transparent plastic sheeting.
• Seal plastic edges around treated
area by burying the edges in soil.
• Wet the area.
• Leave plastic for 4-6 weeks.
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Divide the garden into three sections.
nightshade plants: potato, tomato,
eggplant, peppers.
mustard group: cabbage, cauliflower,
broccoli, brussels sprouts, kale,
collards, kohlrabi, sprouting broccoli,
pak choi, Chinese cabbage, turnip,
mustard greens, rutabaga, radish,
horseradish.
everything else.
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Phytophthora stem canker
Highly Susceptible Slightly Susceptible Resistant
Annual vinca Wax begonia French Marigolds
Snapdragon Impatiens Zinnias
Salvia Mums
Verbena Dianthus
Pansy Geranium
Petunia Coreopsis
Portulaca
Rudbeckia
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• Deep plow.
• Clean up crop debris.
Cultural remedies
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The Disease Triangle host
pathogen environment
disease
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Bacterial Diseases
J.P. Jones APS Images
A.A. MacNab APS Images
J.P. Jones APS Images
K.L.Pohronnezny APS Images
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Soft rot
Sherrie Smith University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
![Page 63: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Cantaloupe bacterial spot
![Page 64: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Bacterial
diseases
![Page 65: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Sand cherry
bacterial shot hole
![Page 66: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Excessive thatch
![Page 67: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
httpucdnema.ucdavis.eduimagemapnemmapEnt156html204NEMTNEMSAMP.htm
Healthy roots
![Page 68: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Tomato root knot nematode
![Page 69: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Southern blight
J.C.Watterson APS Images
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Soil Solarization
http://polkmastergardener.ifas.ufl.edu/faqs/nematodes.shtml
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How to solarize
• Level the ground, free of debris.
• Transparent plastic sheeting.
• Wet the area.
• Seal plastic edges around treated
area by burying the edges in soil.
• Leave plastic for 4-6 weeks.
![Page 72: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Ph nutrient lockout chart
![Page 73: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Iron deficiency
William M. Ciesla, Forest Health Management International, Bugwood.org
![Page 74: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Nitrogen deficiency
![Page 75: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Iron deficiency on bean
![Page 76: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Manganese toxicity on watermelon
![Page 77: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Phosphorous deficiency
![Page 78: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Blossom end rot
![Page 79: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Catfacing
![Page 80: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Bacterial
diseases
![Page 81: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Sand cherry
bacterial shot hole
![Page 82: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Excessive thatch
![Page 83: The Disease Triangle - uaex.edu triangle.pdf · 2014. 10. 20. · Appalachian Spring Big Apple Aurora China Girl Celestial Elizabeth Lustgarten Constellation Gay Head Ruth Ellen Greensleeves](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071502/6121c96c5c14d44ec62e3f78/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
• Soil Test.
• Resistant varieties.
• Rotate
• Clean up crop debris.
• Avoid overhead irrigation
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Plant Health Clinic
Sherrie Smith-Plant Diagnostician University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension
2601 N. Young Ave.
Fayetteville, AR 72704
479-575-2727
Plant health clinic
http://uaex.edu/farm-ranch/pest-management/plant-
health-clinic/