the current dump site was originally intended to be an modified

[] Solid Waste Disposal Project

[], []

Solid Waste Disposal Site

Improvement and 2-Year Extension

Supply, Installation, Civil Works and Operations

IBD Loan []

Bid No. []


Item 1. Invitation to Bid

Date: []Loan No: []Bid No: []

1. The Government of [] has received a loan from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) towards the cost of a Solid Waste Disposal Project for the City of [], which is the capital of []. For purposes of this Project, the Borrower is the [].

2. Local and Foreign Offers . Bidding is open to all bidders from eligible source countries as defined under the “Guidelines for Procurement” of the IDB. The bidding will be considered viable if only local firms respond; however, it is not restricted to only local firms. Local firms (wherein the bid includes more than 40% of total cost considered to be of local origin, i.e., local labor, materials, and service costs) shall be granted a 10% margin of preference on the adjusted CIF price of the foreign offers expressed in their local currency equivalent. In comparing local and foreign offers, the bids shall be compared on the basis of delivered price at the project site with deductions for import duties, consular fees, port taxes, local sales taxes, and value-added taxes. The rate of exchange used in such comparison shall be the official selling rate of the currency no earlier than 30 days prior to the date specified in the Invitation to Bid for the opening of bids.

3. Governing Laws . The procurement shall be governed by local legislation in [], provided that it is not in conflict with the policies of the IDB. Bidding documents shall be drawn up in the language of [], which is English.

4. Fair and Competitive Bidding . The bidding shall follow basic principles of public bidding publicity, equal treatment of bidders, competition, and due process. No preference or discrimination that favors or jeopardizes on bidder to the detriment or benefit of others shall be permitted. Access to all bidding information shall be equally available to all bidders, including clarifications made at any time during the bidding process. Due process shall permit bidders to contest other offers and defend their offers against objections.

5. Responsive Bidding . Bids should be substantially responsive to the bidding document. However, it the bidder can demonstrate that the bidding documents were not clear, an error or omission can be addressed without the bidder being automatically disqualified. However, failure to sign a bid, present a guarantee or submit the bid before the specified time shall be considered automatic grounds for disqualification.

6. Two-Envelope Bidding . This bidding shall be by a two-envelope procedure. The City of [] now invites technical proposals (including information on the financial, legal and technical qualifications of the firms, as well as technical methods which the firms intend to follow in implementation of this project) and sealed cost bids (including unit and combined prices for each price item) from eligible bidders for furnishing the necessary labor, materials, equipment and services for the supply, installation, construction and operation of an improved and extended disposal system at the existing [] disposal site.

7. Technical Understanding . The technical proposal shall demonstrate a complete understanding of the technical requirements for safe solid waste disposal, and shall include specialists with practical field experience in the construction and operation of sanitary


landfills, including environmentally safe methods of leachate and landfill gas management. Once the technical proposals in Envelop No. 1 have been reviewed, for those proposals considered acceptable the bidders are considered qualified. Later, all of the cost bids in Envelop No. 2 shall be opened for only the qualified bidders, and the lowest bid shall be accepted from among the qualified bidders.

8. Contact Office . Interested eligible bidders may obtain further information from, and inspect the bidding documents at, the office of:

[]

9. A complete set of bidding documents may be purchased by any interested eligible bidder on the submission of a written application to the above and upon payment of a non-refundable fee of []. Additional sets of documents may be purchased each at the same price.

10. Tax Compliance . Bidders registered in [] must submit a valid Tax Compliance Certificate the Bid.

11. Bid Security . All bids must be accompanied by a bid security, in an acceptable form, not less than 2 percent of the Bid amount in [] dollars or an equivalent amount in a freely convertible currency, and must be delivered to or placed in the Tender Box provided for this purpose at the [] on or before [] on []. One original and two copies of the Bid must be submitted and must be addressed to:

[]

12. Bid Opening . Bids will be opened in the presence of those bidders’ representatives who choose to attend at [] on [] at the offices of []. Bidder’s representatives who are present shall sign a register evidencing their attendance.

13. Late Bids will not be accepted.

14. To analyze the bids, the City shall verify that: The bids are duly signed; The required bonds, securities and guarantees are included; The technical proposals demonstrate an understanding of the proposed project; The bids comply substantially with the requirements of the bidding document; The bidder is responsive to clarifications that may be requested by the City regarding any

gaps, omissions, or contradictions; The bids contain no calculation errors; and Comparison of bids.

15. At bid opening, the City will announce the bidder’s names, the Bid Prices, written notifications of bid modifications and withdrawals, if any, the presence of requisite bid security and such other details as the City may consider appropriate.

16. After the public opening of bids, information relating to the examination, clarification, evaluation and comparison of bids and recommendations regarding the award of contract shall not be disclosed to bidders or others not officially concerned with such bid evaluation process until the award of the Contract to the successful bidder has been announced.


17. Bid Clarification . The City may ask bidders for clarifications regarding their bids. The clarifications may change neither the contract nor price of the offer, nor violate the principle of equal treatment of bidders.

18. Bid Rejection . The City may reject all bids if none provide a viable technical proposal in order to qualify for bidding, if there is evidence of collusion or lack or competition, or if all of the bid prices offered are unreasonable (e.g., if they are more than 20% above or below the estimated costs for the project).

19. Bid Checking and Correction . Bids determined to be substantially responsive will be checked by the City for any arithmetic errors and corrected where there is a discrepancy between the amounts in figures and in words, or between the unit rate and the total amount determined by multiplication of the unit rate and the quantity. If needed for bid comparison, all bids will be converted to the local currency of the Employer’s country at the selling rate published on the date bids are opened.

20. Bid Acceptance for Consideration . Only bids determined to be substantially responsive to the requirements of the bidding documents shall be considered for possible award. The award shall be made to the bidder whose offer has been determined to be the lowest qualified evaluated bid and has been determined to be substantially responsive to the bidding documents, and which meets standards of capacity of financial responsibility. The IDB’s approval is required prior to the awarding of the contract. If the IDB determines that the proposed award is not in accordance with the terms of the loan contract signed with the Borrower, the contract corresponding to the bid will not be eligible for financing by IDB and the IDB may cancel the amount of the loan corresponding to the ineligible expenditures.

21. Following selection of the best bidder, as described above and approval of IDB, the signature of a contract between the successful bidder and the Borrower completes the bidding process.

22. Protests or Complaints . Protests or complaints that may arise up to the time the contract is signed by the winning bidder will be accepted, as long as they follow the proper forum for due process in [] and are presented within 10 calendar days of the specific bidding event being protested.

23. Bid Costs . The bidder shall bear all costs associated with the preparation and submission of his/her bid. The City and the Government of [] will in no case be responsible or liable for these costs, regardless of the conduct or outcome of the bidding process.


Item 2. Procurement Schedule.

1. Request for Proposal Package Available from:[], at the address of[], in the city of [][], telephone number

2. Price of Proposal Package:[]

3. Pre-proposal conference will be held:[], at the address of [], in the city of []

4. Proposal submission will be no later than:[], at the address of [], in the city of []

5. Review of proposals to determine which are technically qualified will be at:[], on the day of []

6. Opening of cost proposals, of technically qualified firms only, will be at:[], on the day of[], at the address of [], in the city of []

7. Proposal evaluation and recommendations presented to the City Council at:[], on the day of [].

8. Proposal evaluation and recommendations acted upon by the City Council by[].

9. Contract signed, contingent upon final award of quantities, by [].

10. Start of Contract, by [].

11. End of Contract, by [].


Item 3. Instruction to Bidders on Preparation and Submission of Proposals.

1. Site Visitation and Information Gathering . The bidder is advised to visit and examine the various sites of works and their surroundings to obtain for him/her self all information and understanding that may be necessary for preparing the bid and entering into a Contract. The bidder will be granted permission to visit the sites in a timely manner for bid preparation, but only upon the express condition that the bidder will release and indemnify the Contractor from any and against all liability in respect thereof and will be responsible for all liability in respect thereof, including responsibility for personal injury, loss of or damage to property and any other loses, damages or costs which accrue from exercise of such permission of access. The costs of visiting sites shall be at the bidder’s own expense.

2. If any information useful for bid preparation has not been provided to the bidder at the start of the bidding process, it shall be the responsibility of the bidder to seek such information. Questions regarding additional information needs shall be answered as quickly as possible by the Contractor and answers shall be sent to all bidders equally at the same time.

3. Available Bidding Documents . The set of bidding documents includes the following sections, together with a set of design drawings.

Item 1 – Invitation to BidItem 2 – Procurement ScheduleItem 3 – Instruction to BiddersItem 4 – Proposal BackgroundItem 5 – Proposal Recitals, Highlights, and DefinitionsItem 6 – General Conditions of ContractItem 7 – Agreements and AffidavitsItem 8 – Conditions of Particular ApplicationItem 9 – Construction and Operation General RequirementsItem 10 – General and Technical SpecificationsItem 11— Financial and Audit ProvisionsItem 12 – Bill of Quantities, Priced Items and Schedules

4. Bid Responsiveness . The bidder is expected to examine carefully all instructions, conditions, forms, terms, specifications, definitions, and drawings in the bidding document and take whatever steps are necessary to understand their full meaning. Failure to comply with the requirements of bid submission will be at the bidder’s own risk. Bids which are not substantially responsive to the requirements of bidding herein specified shall be rejected.

5. Bidding Clarification . A prospective bidder requiring clarification of the bidding documents shall see such clarification in writing (by mail, facsimile or email) at the Employer’s addressed. The Employer will respond in writing, provided such request for clarification is received earlier than 20 days prior to the deadline for submission of bids. Written copies of the clarification shall be provided to all prospective bidders known to the Employer to be preparing a bid.

6. Bidding Modification . If the Employer needs to modify the bidding documents at any time prior to the deadline for submission of bids, the Employer may do so by issuing an Addendum in writing to all prospective bidders known to the Employer to be preparing a bid.


In such case, the Employer may, at his/her discretion, extend the deadline for submission of bids in order to afford prospective bidders reasonable time to take the Addendum into account in preparing their bids.

7. Bid Language . The bid shall be prepared in the English language. All correspondence associated with the bidding process shall be prepared in the English language.

8. Bid Pricing . Unless otherwise stated, the bid prepared shall be for the whole works described herein, including any and all related operations described herein.

9. The bid shall include any and all duties, taxes and other levies required by the City and Government of [] for contracted works and operations as described herein, as of the date 30 days prior to the closing date for submission of the bids.

10. The rates and prices quoted by the bidder shall be fixed for the duration of the Contract and shall not be subjected to any adjustment on any account, except as otherwise noted and provided in Contract.

11. The unit rates and prices shall be quoted by the bidder in [] currency, calculated for use with official exchange rates published on [], 30 days prior to the final date for submission of bids, by The Bank of [] or other similar authoritative sources.

12. Bid Validity . Bids shall remain valid and open for acceptance for a period of [] days after the date of bid submission.

13. Only one bid may be submitted by each bidder. Any member of a bidding team shall not participate in more than one bid.

14. Bid Copies . The bidder shall prepare and submit one original and [] copies of the bid documents, clearly marked “original” and “copy” as appropriate. In the even of any discrepancy between the, the original shall prevail.

15. Bid Signatures . Each page of the original and copies of the bid shall be signed by a person duly authorized to bind the bidder to the Contract. Proof of authorization shall be furnished in the form of a written Power-of-Attorney which shall accompany the bid.

16. Bid Withdrawal . Withdrawal of a bid during the interval between the deadline for submission of bids and the expiration of the period of bid validity specified by the bidder may result in forfeiture of the bid security.


Proposal Submission Form, Municipal Solid Waste Disposal, [], [].

Pursuant to the foregoing “Request for Proposals, the undersigned has thoroughly read and examined the attached “Request for Proposals” and the scope of services, including all technical specifications and design drawings, and understands the amount of work to be done and hereby proposes to do all the work and furnish all labor, equipment, and materials necessary to comply fully with the scope of services.

Upon acceptance of this proposal, in whole or in part, by the City of [], the proposer is bound to execute a contract and furnish a performance bond approved by the City of [] for performance, completion and operation of the works in accordance with this Agreement and its attachments and for the unit prices contained in this Proposal, which are firm to a period of 120 days.

The proposer agrees to provide environmentally safe and sanitary disposal in a cost-effective and efficient manner at the [] disposal site, following upgrading and extension. The proposer agrees to dispose of all of the mixed municipal solid waste from the City of [] and whichever municipalities are also currently contributing to the [] disposal site.

Monthly fee required to fully cover all construction activities, as well as 2 years of operation: __________________________[] $/month

Receipt of addenda numbers (addenda to the “Request for Proposals”): ____________________________________________________is acknowledged.

Respectfully submitted,

______________________________ By __________________, ________________ Contractor Name and Title of Officer

___________________Date


Item 4. Proposal Background

Introduction to Request for Proposal.

The Inter American Development Bank, at the invitation of the City of [] and Government of [], has obtained funds to improve solid waste disposal for [] and some of the small surrounding municipalities. The improvement effort involves extending the area of the existing disposal site, preparing the site to minimize adverse environmental impacts, mitigate some of the adverse conditions at the existing site, and operate the extended landfill to appropriate sanitary landfill standards. The improvement effort will be conducted over a 2-year period in order to enable sufficient time to conduct site studies and design efforts for development of a new sanitary landfill for the next 20 years.

This Invitation to Bid requests technical and cost proposals (two envelopes) for conducting the civil works and operations for the upgrading, extending and operating []’s existing solid waste disposal site according to appropriate sanitary landfill standards, as defined subsequently in this document’s technical specifications and design drawings. The successful bidder (a private corporation1 hereinafter referred to as the “Contractor”) will enter into negotiations to reach an agreement with the City of [] (a municipal corporation hereinafter referred to as the “City”).

Background on [].

[] has about [] residents. Eighty to ninety percent of []'s population lives along the coastal zone, which comprises only 7% of the country's total area.

[]a is a low-income country, and remains one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. Current Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is only $US [] per capita per year. []'s economic levels dropped significantly during the 1980's, but have been steadily increasing in the 1990's since structural readjustment in 1989 took effect. Between 1991 and 1995, growth has averaged over 6.5% annually; inflation has dropped from 105% to 8%; interest rates on treasury notes declined from 33% to 15.5%; and the public sector deficit decreased to 13% of GDP.2 In 1993, the population with income below the poverty line and with basic needs unfulfilled was 29% of national population and 21% of []'s population...a significant drop from earlier levels.

Agriculture is a principle contributor to GNP (gross national product), especially sugarcane, rice, and livestock. Most agriculture is conducted along the coastal zone. Forestry is also a major economic activity, and it is conducted in the interior. More than half of the country’s forest is within State Forest boundaries. Mining has recently become significant, and includes gold, bauxite, and diamond mining. Tourism is still in its infancy.

The main industries in [] are sawmills, food processing plants, soap and detergent manufacturers, metal working and foundries, sugar refineries, pharmaceutical plants, alcohol distilleries/breweries, and plastics manufacturers.

Background on [] – The Solid Waste Context.

1 A consortium of corporations will not be acceptable as the Contractor; however, the Contractor will be permitted to have subcontractors providing specialized services. 2 Economic achievements described in a speech made by [], Minister of Finance of [], at the [] Group for Cooperation in Economic Development Meeting at the World Bank, May 1996.


[] is the capital of [] and it is located along the nation’s Atlantic coastline and the []. The population of [] is about 180,000.

Waste Quantity. [] generates about 0.65 kg/capita/day of mixed municipal solid waste. As gross domestic product grows, waste generation also grows, but not at the same rate. If []'s economy continues to grow at a rate of about 5% annually, waste generation might grow at 1.5% to 2% annually.

For the rate of 0.65 kg/capita/day, []’s 180,000 residents and visiting workers and traders would therefore generate an estimated 117 tonnes/day of mixed municipal solid waste. Assuming an average compaction collection truck contains solid waste at about 500 kg/cubic meter density, makes 2 trips per day and collects 5 to 6 tonnes/trip, the city needs the equivalent collection fleet of 12 compactors, plus a back-up of 2 trucks.

Assuming that solid waste in a sanitary landfill would reach about 900 kg/cubic meter density naturally within a year, require 1 unit volume of soil cover for every 6 unit volumes of solid waste, and have an average depth of 10 meters, the city needs about 0.7 hectares of landfill area annually (at current waste generation levels). Biodegradation will cause the waste quantity to decrease (as solid organics are converted to carbon dioxide, steam, and other air emissions) such that at least 30% of the solid waste quantity is emitted to the atmosphere. The result is that only about 10 hectares of landfill space (at 10 meters depth) are required to meet the needs of the next 20 years.

Waste Character. The following expectations for [] are likely: dry combustibles (i.e., paper, cardboard, plastic, textile, and wood) of 10% to 25% of mixed municipal solid waste; non-organic recyclables (i.e., metals, glass, rubber) of 5% to 10%; miscellaneous fines of 10% to 15%); and compostables (i.e., vegetable/putrescible organics) of 60% to 70%.

Density of collected solid wastes in [] are expected to be: 470 to 500 kg/cubic meter in large open trucks, and 500 to 580 kg/cubic meter in fully loaded compaction trucks. Immediately after compaction at a disposal site, the waste density is expected to reach about 700 kg/cubic meter. Within 1 year, following natural consolidation and biodegradation, the waste density will be about 900 kg/cubic meter; and it will reach a final density of about 1,000 kg/cubic meter in 2 to 3 years of []’s wet tropical climatic conditions.

Solid Waste Budget Data. Total budgeted recurrent expenditures (e.g., minus landfill capital development) dedicated for solid waste management in 1998, after mid-year revision, were $G 268.8 million (not including road sweeping and drain cleaning conducted by the City Engineers Department). Solid waste recurrent expenditures were 16% of the total budget (i.e., $G 1731.9 million), or 22% of the operations budget (i.e., $G 1,238.9 million, after subtracting overhead/administrative costs). The main budgeted items for solid waste management were as follows:

Under Code 13 budget for administration, which totaled $[] 22.8 million, $[] 10.5 million was for salaries and $[] 3.5 million was for building maintenance.

Under the Code 14 budget for collection, which totaled $[] 173.6 million, 20.8 million was for salaries and $[] 112.9 million was for payment of collection Contractors.

Under the Code 16 budget for disposal, which totaled $[] 96.2 million, $[] 10.6 million was for salaries, $[] 25.4 million was for landfill equipment hire, and $[] 40 million was for capital development works to improve dumpsite access.


Under the Code 25 budget for mechanical workshop, which totaled $[] 32.3 million, an estimated 50% is related to repair of solid waste vehicles, i.e., $[] 16.2 million.

Given that solid waste management operations consume 22% of the total city budget minus these overhead items, it would be reasonable to assume that 22% of the overhead budget is related to solid waste management. Therefore, in addition to the above direct total recurrent costs of $[] 268.8 million, there is an additional $[] 59.1 million for overhead costs, making the overall total $[] 327.9 million.

The [] exchange rate during this budge year was about $[] 140 to $US 1, which means that the total recurrent costs for solid waste management were equivalent to about $US 2.3 million, or annually $US 12.8 per resident of []. Based on the estimated quantity of waste in [] of 0.65 kg/capita/day and a collection service level of about 85%, or 99 tonnes/day collected citywide, this amounts to about $US 63.4 per tonne of solid waste for recurrent expenditures. This estimate includes depreciation and interest on capital investment borrowing in the case of private sector contractors, but not in the case of the municipality’s work with its own equipment and facilities.

The Existing Disposal Site. The disposal site is located at [] and adjacent to the []. The area is a wetland. No proper landfill procedures are being followed, although the site began in 1993 as a demonstration sanitary landfill. Operations involve spreading waste in layers and away from the access road with 2 small bulldozers and one shovel, which are hired from the private sector.

The existing open dump, like all sites in the coastal plain, is below sea level and only a minimal distance (0.5 to 1 meter) above groundwater. As noted earlier, the city’s water supply comes from a series of wells drilled into the deep aquifer (270 meters or more below the ground surface) that stretches throughout the city area, including below this dump site. This site should be properly closed as soon as another disposal site becomes available. Extension of the Existing Disposal Site. The existing dump’s operations can be extended and improved during the interim period while a new facility is being sited, designed, and implemented. Improved operation would use heavier bulldozers or specialized landfill compactors for greater productivity and better compaction; application of soil cover or alternative cover materials would minimize vectors and limit infiltration; development of gas wells would assist gas ventilation; and reduced side slopes would minimize risk of slope failure. A perimeter channel is needed to intercept contaminated surface drainage and some portion of the leachate. The oldest section of the existing dump could be excavated for recovery of the already decomposed and burned residuals; and these residuals could be subsequently used for cover material, if the cost were lower than obtaining suitable soil cover from off site.

Landfill is a structure that is built over time. The first phase builds the support structures (fences, drains, sanitary block, gatehouse, etc.). Subsequent stages build the landfill, cell by cell, and layer by layer, until the final closure layer and landscaping is completed. The current dumpsite was originally constructed to be a modified sanitary landfill of interim design standard. Yet, poor operations turned it into an open dump. Therefore, it is imperative that this project to extend and improve the existing site be done environmentally suitable and safe design standards, until the final closure is completed.

To ensure that the landfill is constructed according to specifications and design, the management/operation contract will be awarded as part of the construction package. The contractor would mitigate the unstable steep side slopes, improve drainage, mine aged areas of


the site for decomposed material which could be used as daily cover, increase waste compaction, limit the working face, manage landfill gas and leachate, provide fire protection, and conduct litter patrol along access routes and in channels.

The city would need to significantly improve its gate control, to prohibit access by all large animals and children and restrict access to only registered adult waste pickers. To maintain their access, these registered adults will be required to follow site procedures regarding where, when, and how they are allowed to work to gather recyclables from the waste.

Both the contractor and city would maintain records of incoming truckloads during the extended operation. Improved databases of information gathered at the gate, for the baseline of loads received and waste sources will support design of and cost recovery at the new landfill.

The technical specifications and design drawings for this Invitation to Bid are outlined in detail in Item 10.


Item 5. Proposal Recitals, Highlights and Definitions.

Recitals.

1. The City desires to have an interim land disposal facility for solid waste, while studies, investigations, designs, and impact analyses proceed for a new long-term disposal facility.

2. The City desires that this interim land disposal facility enable solid waste to be deposited in an environmentally safe and cost-effective manner appropriate to the City’s level of available income.

3. The City desires to continue to provide disposal for some of its adjacent municipalities.

4. The City has space available for this interim land disposal facility at its existing landfill along [].

5. The City intends to use this interim land disposal facility for a period of about 2 years, during which time the Contractor will receive regular monthly payments to cover construction and operation costs, as well as a reasonable margin of profit.

6. The City desires that issues of truck access for unloading, waste compaction and cover, slope stability, drainage, fire incidence, access to children and animals, and overall appearance and odor will be significantly mitigated at the existing and proposed interim land disposal facility.

7. The City intends that the interim land disposal facility, as well as the mitigated existing disposal facility, will alter public perception about landfill and ease the way for the proposed new sanitary landfill to be accepted by the public for implementation.

Proposal Highlights.

1. The term of the contract is for two years, including the [] month period of construction. Operations for waste receipt in the existing area of the landfill will continue in parallel with the initial phases of construction. As an area for waste receipt is readied, operations will move to the new area of the landfill, and subsequent phases of construction will continue.

2. The term of the contract may be extended, for additional operations, to the extent that capacity remains within the planned airspace of the landfill as designed and specified in the Agreement between the City and the Contractor.

3. The City intends to pay the Contractor in 24 equal monthly installments. Contractors must keep records indicating the quantities of materials used and the quantities of solid waste brought to the disposal site.


Definitions.

1. “Abattoir Waste” means the solid and semi-solid waste generated from the slaughter of animals.

2. “Allocation Quantity” means the quantity of mixed municipal solid waste that the Contractor agrees to landfill each year.

3. “Aftercare” means the maintenance and long-term care of the works, including the final structure of landfill cells, and the management and continuous environmental monitoring of leachate, landfill gas, and other environmental contaminants arising from the works, operations, or deposition of solid waste.

4. “Animal Carcasses” means dead animals that are normally handled by the centralized incineration facility, such as dead dogs.

5. “Bulky Waste” means any waste that is significant in size (e.g., over 0.3 cubic meter) and unable to be readily broken down into smaller sizes by the on-site bulldozer equipment, including engine motors, appliances, large tree stumps.

6. “City” means the municipality of [], organized under the laws of the Country of [].

7. “City Council” means the duly elected governing body of the City of [].

8. “Commercial” means all premises generating solid waste, except residential premises, public markets, industries (e.g., manufacturing plants) and institutions (e.g., hospitals, schools, government offices, police and military barracks).

9. “Construction/Demolition Debris” means the waste obtained from the action of putting up or taking down a structure, and includes mixtures of excavated soil, broken pieces of concrete, brick, roofing shingles, metal nails, piping, wood, and insulation.

10. “Contract” means the agreement entered into between the parties including the Articles and the Conditions (including the Schedules).

11. “Contractor” means Private Corporation, possibly with subcontractors, but not a consortium.

12. “Contract Period” means the period referred to for conduct of the total project, including all construction and operation required under the Contract.

13. “Daily Cover Material” means the soil or other inert cover material used between each daily layer of waste for purposes of minimizing infiltration, avoiding nuisance and minimizing windblown litter.

14. “Delivery Points” means the location at the disposal site where adequate access, gate control, space, and traffic control measures are in place for the solid waste collection and transfer vehicles to unload during the designated work hours of the disposal site.

15. “Disposal Facility” means the dumpsite known as [] Landfill, which is currently authorized to receive municipal solid waste for disposal under applicable laws and regulations of the


Government of [] and which will be extended and operated as a modified sanitary landfill during the Contract.

16. “Disposal Service” means the receipt and deposition of solid waste within a modified sanitary landfill disposal facility that has environmental management systems for control of odors, dusts, water pollution, gaseous emission, rodents, insects and other adverse impacts.

17. “Excremental Waste” means waste with fecal material, and mainly includes nightsoil, sludge from septic tanks and cesspits and aqua privies.

18. “Final Cover” means the soil material and topsoil placed on the final stage of landfill cells to minimize infiltration, reduce odors, and support final vegetation and landscaping.

19. “Garbage” means any and all readily putrescible material, whether vegetable or animal in nature, including wastes obtained during the preparation, processing, consumption or storage of foods.

20. “Gate” means entrance gate of the Disposal Facility.

21. “Gate House” means building wherein the entrance and exit records are kept, particularly the driver, time of arrival, size (or weight) of each incoming load of solid waste, and time of departure.

22. “Hauler” means licensed or otherwise approved corporation hired by premises directly or by the City for purposes of door-to-door solid waste collection.

23. “Hazardous Waste” means all wastes considered toxic/carcinogenic, flammable, explosive, infectious, sharp/injurious, radioactive, or otherwise dangerous to the public health or health and safety of the workers handling such wastes. Such wastes are intended to be separated and segregated at the source of waste generation and disposed of specially to avoid risk of adverse health or injury consequences.

24. “Health and Safety Plan” means a document which outlines all procedures to follow for potential risks, emergencies, accidents, and other incidences that might endanger the health and safety of workers, visitors, and/or the general public, including but not limited to fires, spills, leaks, gaseous emissions, dusts, explosions, slides, cave-ins, and terrorist acts.

25. “Intermittent Cover” means the soil or other inert materials used between landfill cells to minimize infiltration and deter any possibility of fire spread if fire within one cell should occur.

26. “Internal Access Roads” means the landfill’s interior roads, which are constructed temporarily and commonly with suitable materials found in Construction/Demolition Debris.

27. “Landfill Cell” means a layer of one day’s solid waste that has been spread, compacted and graded into a block-like mass and covered at the end of the workday with relatively impermeable and clean soil.

28. “Landfill Gas” means the gases generated from natural biodegradation of solid waste within a land disposal facility, particularly those gases (e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide) generated from anaerobic degradation.


29. “Leachate” means the drainage through and from a land disposal facility, caused by infiltration from precipitation and surface drainage, after dissolved and particulate constituents from the waste have contaminated it.

30. “Mixed Municipal Solid Waste” means garbage, rubbish, and other solid and semi-solid materials accumulated in residential dwellings, commercial establishments, institutions and industries. It does not include construction/demolition debris or bulky waste, nor does it include hazardous waste.

31. “Performance security” means a surety bond or letter of credit that guarantees compensation to the city in the event that it must assume the obligations and/or duties of the contractor in order to continue the services as defined by this contract for a period of at least [] months.

32. “Permitted Waste” means the solid waste types that are allowed to be delivered to the Disposal Facility and deposited within its landfill cells, as either expressly provided in the Contract or permitted within the Facility’s environmental permit.

33. “Premises” means any land, building and/or structure wherein garbage or rubbish or solid waste is generated or accumulated.

34. “Recycling” means the process of segregating, collecting, sorting, and turning used products or materials into new products or materials.

35. “Residential” means premises wherein people live, including single-unit dwellings and multiple-unit dwellings.

36. “Rubbish” means all non-putrescible waste discharged to the mixed municipal solid waste stream, including yard wastes, paper, cardboard, textiles, straw, ashes, floor sweepings, and drain cleanings.

37. “Salvaging” (or Waste Picking, or Materials Recovery) means the process of controlled removal of waste materials for the purpose of reuse or recycling.

38. “Service” means the disposal of the solid waste and all other services to be provided under the Contract and includes the whole of the work to be executed, including any goods or materials to be supplied by the Contractor in accordance with the Contract.

39. “Site Access” means the road which leads from a main route near the landfill to the Gate of the landfill.

40. “Source Segregation” means the setting aside of wastes according to their inherent nature, for purposes of facilitating recycling.

41. “Specification” means the description of the Service referred to in the Contract.

42. “Stable Matter” means all manure, bedding, and other waste normally accumulated in the housing and care of livestock or poultry.

43. “Waste Pickers” means the registered adult people engaged in sorting recyclable materials from the wastes deposited at the land disposal facility.


44. “Weigh Station” means the weighbridge and office for weighing, recording, and comparing weight data of all incoming trucks hauling solid waste to the disposal facility.

45. “Working Face” means the restricted area of exposed solid waste at the selected day’s landfill cell wherein solid waste collection vehicles are designated to unload.


Item 6. General Conditions of Contract

1. Fundamental Purpose . The fundamental purpose of the Contract is to construct and provide reliable, safe, effective, environmentally sound, and satisfactory disposal service for the Contract Period to handle all of the solid wastes sources already being accommodated at the [] disposal site at the signing of the Contract. The Contractor shall construct the works, provide the equipment, and operate the disposal site according to the designs, specifications, methods, and environmental criteria required under the Contract and in accordance with local statutes and permits.

2. Contractor’s General Obligation . During the Contract Period the Contract shall provide the Disposal Service in a proper, skillful and workmanlike manner to the Contract Standard and to the entire satisfaction of the City, and shall employ sufficient persons sufficiently instructed, killed and supervised and provide sufficient plant, equipment, works, and management to ensure that it can comply with its obligations under the Contract. The Contract shall at all times be under the duty to be courteous to the general public and all persons and Designated Haulers using the disposal site, as well as all Officers and representatives of the City. The Contractor shall at all times be under the duty to act with commercial prudence. The Contract shall at all times in providing the Service comply with all legal duties imposed upon it whether arising by way of statute or common law, including any provisions of site licenses or permits.

3. Contractor’s Project Manager . The Contractor shall provide a full-time English-speaking Project Manager who shall reside in [], [] to manage and coordinate the civil works, supply of equipment, disposal site operation, and aftercare in a manner that ensures that the Contractor executes its obligations in accordance with the Contract. The Project Manager shall require the approval of the City prior to the start of work under this Contract.

4. Contractor’s Employees . The City shall be at liberty to object to and require the Contractor to remove forthwith from the works and/or operation any person employed by the Contractor who in the opinion of the City is incompetent, negligent, rude, or otherwise misconducts himself or herself relative to this Contract. Such misconduct shall be found if said employees offer any advantage, gratuity, bonus, discount, bribe or loan of any sort to any agent or employee of the City or other Government entity in [] with respect to this Contract.

5. Engagement of Labor . The Contractor shall pay rates of wages and observe hours and conditions of labor which are not less favorable than the general level of wages, hours and conditions observed by other employers in [], [] which are involved in construction and field operations, including operation of heavy earth-moving equipment.

6. Contractor’s General Liability . The Contractor shall indemnify and keep indemnified the City against the consequences of any breach of its obligations and also against injury to, or death of, any person, or loss of, or damage to, any property, including property owned by the City or any Designated Hauler. Without thereby limiting its responsibilities under the Contract, the Contractor shall make such insurance arrangements as the City may require in order to ensure that it can meet its obligations. Such insurance shall include at least a Comprehensive General Liability policy with a minimum limit of not less than [] combined single limit for bodily injury and property damage per occurrence, Comprehensive Vehicle policy with a minimum limit of not less than [] for bodily injury and property damage per occurrence, Worker’s Compensation and Employer’s Liability policy with a minimum of at


least [] employer’s liability coverage, Environmental Liability policy with a minimum limit of not less than [] aggregate, and Excess Umbrella Liability policy with a minimum limit of not less than [] per occurrence. Neither party shall be liable for indirect or consequential loss.

7. Sufficiency of Information . The Contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied itself before submitting its tender as to the accuracy and sufficiency of the site conditions, waste quantities, collection fleet discharge requirements, rates and prices stated by the Contract. The Contractor is obliged under the Contract to address any discrepancies, risks, contingencies and other circumstances in its bid that might reasonably influence or affect the Contractor’s bid price.

8. Contract Mutually Explanatory . Except as otherwise expressly provided, the provisions of the Contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another. Any ambiguities or discrepancies shall be resolved by the City, who shall thereupon issue to the Contractor appropriate instructions in writing and the Contractor shall carry out and be bound by such instructions. In the event of any inconsistency between Conditions and Schedules, the Conditions shall prevail over the Schedules.

9. Variation of Conditions . No deletion from, addition to, or alteration of the Contract shall be valid or of any effect unless agreed in writing and signed by the parties.

10. Good Faith . The Contractor and the City will act in good faith towards each other in relation to all matters arising under this Contract. Each party shall inform the other fully and as soon as possible of any circumstance which might lead to any substantial change in the nature, composition or amount of the solid waste to be disposed or any other circumstance which might alter the burden of the obligations of each party under the Contract. The Contractor shall inform the City fully and as soon as possible of any circumstances that might prejudice the Contractor’s ability to provide the Service, whether temporarily or permanently. Both parties will do all things reasonably within their power which are necessary or desirable to give effect to the spirit and intent of this Contract and its fundamental purpose. Both parties recognize that it is of paramount importance that there is no break in the provision of any form of waste management service during the Contract Period, except in such extreme circumstance as a Force Majeure (i.e., Act of God, riots, wars, civil disturbances, insurrections, terrorist acts, epidemics, landslides, hurricanes, earthquakes, lightning, floods, washouts, explosions, fires and government orders and regulations beyond the reasonable control of the City or Contractor).

11. Reasonableness . Any act, omission, decision, requirement, agreement or any other step of any kind taken by either party shall be so taken reasonably and in good faith and so as not to place an undue burden upon either Party, and any reference (express or implied) to period, time, occasion, amount, price or any other matter shall be subject to the qualification of reasonableness, unless the context otherwise requires. The Contract shall at any time as required by the City prove to the City’s satisfaction that it has the capacity at the date of the said requirement to the end of the Contract period.

12. Fundamental Change . If an unforeseen fundamental change of circumstance arises of such a kind that it is no longer possible to operate the Contract according to its terms, either party may require such minimum variation in the Contract as will enable the Service to be provided for the remainder of the Contract Period in accordance with the fundamental purpose of the Contract.


13. Change of Law . If any legislation or other provisions having the force of law or by means of any decision of any Court shall affect any part of the Contract to render it void, invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, the parties shall make such minimum variation in the Contract as will enable the Service to be provided for the remainder of the Contract period in accordance with the fundamental purpose of the Contract.

14. Change of Quantities . Change in the quantity of waste being delivered to the disposal site shall not necessitate change in the Contract, except for the negotiated fee associated with delivery of the Service. Change in the quantity of waste shall not be grounds for any delay or stop of work by the Contractor or delay or stop of payment by the City. Emergency circumstances, such as storms or fires, which might result in unexpected fluctuations in the waste quantity shall be considered significant cause for any change in the quantities covered under this Contract, unless such emergency circumstances lead to changes in quantities for more than a [] day work period.

15. Ownership of Waste . The City owns all waste in the jurisdiction of [] once it has been placed at its collection point for collection service by the City or its Designated Haulers. Upon arrival at the disposal facility, all wastes delivered shall become the property of, and held at the entire responsibility of, the Contractor; and the City shall have no claim over, nor any responsibility for, and such waste during the Contract Period of this Contract. This shall include responsibility for any hazardous conditions created by such waste at the disposal facility, including fires, explosions, gas releases, slides, spills, and other possible hazards. The Contractor, in the event of such hazards, shall be fully responsible for expeditious and adequate emergency response to protect the health and safety of all workers and well as the general public.

16. Waste Inspection . The Contract shall carry out random checking of Waste entering the Disposal Facility to confirm that only Permitted Wastes are being deposed on the Site. The City shall support the Contractor’s efforts to confirm that only suitable Permitted Wastes are being received at the Facility.

17. Site Cleanliness . The Contractor shall provide and maintain efficient and sanitary latrine accommodation for the use of all persons working and visiting the Disposal Facilities and shall keep the Site reasonably clean and sanitary. The Contract shall conduct a litter patrol daily along the roads leading to the Site, within 1 km of the Site gate, and shall conduct a litter patrol daily within the cemetery adjacent to the Site and within the drains surrounding the Site.

18. Possession of the Disposal Site . The Contractor shall conduct works and operations at the disposal site along [], using equipment and resources owned by the Contractor. However, the site shall not be owned by the Contractor and shall remain vested in the City.

19. Change of Works or Operations . No change ordered by the City shall be valid without said order being presented to the Contractor in writing. The City shall be responsible for additional expenses, if any, of executing a change order. Within [] days of receiving a change order, the Contractor shall provide the City with an estimate of the effect and/or cost of said change. If the Contractor fails to comply with the change ordered, the City shall be entitled to perform the change with its own resources or pay another Contractor to perform the change and any cost incurred in so doing shall be recoverable by the City from the Contractor.


20. Assignment and Subcontracting . The Contractor shall not assign nor subcontract the Contract or any part thereof or the benefit or advantage of the Contract or any part thereof without the previous written consent of the City; and if given, the Contractor shall not be relieved of any liability or obligation under the Contract. The Contract shall be responsible for any acts, defaults or neglects of any employees or agents to parties to which this Contract or parts thereof may be assigned or subcontracted.

21. Contractor’s Obligation For Performance Security . The contractor shall furnish to the city, and maintain during the term of the agreement, a letter of credit or surety bond as performance security in a form reasonably acceptable to the city in the penal sum of [], With good and sufficient surety acceptable to the city and conditioned upon the city performing the obligations provided in this contract and any extension or renewal thereof.

22. Environmental Contingency . The performance security also shall be subject to covering environmental damages and/or impairments and environmental clean-up costs caused by pollution incidents occurring from the contractor’s or its subcontractor’s negligence, including coverage for release of liquid, gaseous, or solid materials, whether they are defined as waste or non-waste materials.

23. Failure to Maintain Security . This contract may be terminated by the City if performance security is canceled and not replaced immediately with an equivalent.

24. Termination by the City . The City shall have the right to terminate the Contract if the Contractor commits an irremediable breach of any of its obligations under the Contract (including unauthorized assignment of the Contract or any portion thereof, failure to maintain permits or licenses, failure to provide and maintain sufficient labor and equipment for execution of the work, failure to commence work on time or evidence that work has been abandoned), or any other breach which it fails to remedy in a way and a time to the satisfaction of the City; becomes bankrupt or otherwise incapable of rendering the Service required under the Contract; is pending a Winding Up Order regarding liquidation, receivership, or other legally valid requirements to stop all business activities.

25. The City shall be entitled, without prejudice to any other rights or remedies, to terminate this Contract immediately without opportunity to cure and without resort to the panel and arbitration procedures established in this Contract at any time after occurrence of the following: If an application is filed or a resolution passed for the winding up, liquidation, dissolution

or bankruptcy of the Contractor; If any of the Contractor’s equipment, properties, or assets are attached by any

governmental authority, court or tribunal; If the assets or security created in favor of the City are seized or threatened with seizure,

and such seizure or threat of seizure is not revoked or set aside within 7 days; If any permission/sanction/license necessary to carry out the services required under this

Contract shall have been revoked or not obtained; If it is discovered, at any time, that the Contractor has made a false or incorrect statement

or representation in this agreement; If it is discovered, at any time, that the Contractor has a partner, director or proprietor

who is connected with persons in government responsible for award of this Contract through known family or financial relationship;

If it is discovered, at any time, that the Contractor has a partner or proprietor who is connected with another firm through family or financial relationship which has tendered


separately under different names or establishments for the same contract, or is similarly connected with another firm working in a competitive zone under a comparable contract; or

If the Contractor fails to comply with its obligations under this Contract and has received [] Warnings which have not been resolved as provided in this Contract or which have not been withdrawn, by reason of the panel and arbitration proceedings established in this Contract.

26. Contractor’s Taxation Responsibilities . The Contractor shall procure any necessary import permits, pay all customs and import duties promptly, pay all value-added taxes as may be required, pay all employee income taxes, pay all corporate income taxes.

27. Copyright . Copyright in the Contract Documents shall vest in the City but the Contractor may obtain or make at its own expense any further copies required for use by the Contractor in performance of the Service, but for no other purposes whatsoever.

28. Confidentiality . The City shall not disclose to any person any information or material provided to the City by the Contractor pursuant to the Invitation to Bid or the Contract which the Contractor declares to be commercially sensitive information, and shall take such steps to limit distribution of such commercially sensitive information to only those parties within the City administration who need to have access to it for the performance of their duties for the City, and that such persons are as few as possible.

29. Notices . Any notice, demand, or other communication required to be given under the Contract shall be sufficiently served if served personally on the addressee in writing, or sent by pre-paid first class recorded delivery post, by facsimile with recorded transmission, or by email with recorded transmission to the registered office or last known address of the party.

30. Complaint Resolution . The City may investigate each case where it has received a complaint in writing, including any complaint put in writing by the department and signed by complainant, where the Contractor has failed to perform the services required under the Contract. If the City considers the complaint to be justified after investigation, within [] days it may request the Contractor to resolve the complaint. If the Contractor fails to comply within [] days with the instruction of the City to resolve the complaint, the City may write a default notice and issue a sanction. If the Contractor considers the complaint is unjustified, or if it is unable to reach an agreement with the City on how to resolve the complaint, the Contractor may seek within a period of [] days the separate review.

31. Warning . If the Contractor defaults in performance, the City may issue a warning that the Contract may be terminated if the default is not resolved. If the Contractor considers the warning is unjustified, or if it is unable to reach an agreement with the department on how to resolve the basis for the warning, the Contractor may seek a review and determination pursuant

32. Disputes and Arbitration . The parties will use their best endeavors to resolve by agreement any dispute, difference or question between them with respect to any matter or thing arising out of or relating to the Contract, including a reference to conciliation by an independent person to be agreed between the parties, or, in the case of failure to agree, by a three-member panel of arbitrators (i.e., representatives of a professional arbitration body appropriate in the circumstances of the case), one member selected by the City, one by the Contractor, and the neutral chairperson selected by the first two panel members. Such independent persons or


body shall be given all information and assistance by the parties in carrying out his/its duties, to recommend or approve terms of settlement between the parties.


Item 7. Agreements and Affidavits

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT:

This Contract is made the _______ day of ___________20 __ between the City of _____________ the one part and the Contractor ____________ of the other part.

Whereas the City wishes to have provided an extended and improved solid waste disposal service at [] for all of the City’s mixed municipal solid waste, excluding bulky wastes and large construction/demolition debris, and of a nature set out in the Contract for the Contract Price; and

Whereas the Contractor is willing to perform such Service in accordance with the provisions of the Contract and the Contract Price;

It is now agreed between the City and the Contractor that this Contract constitutes the sole contract or agreement between the City and the Contractor for the performance by the Contractor of the Service and that the Contractor shall provide the Service in accordance with the provisions of the Contract and to the satisfaction of the City for the Contract Period.

In witness whereof the City has caused its Common Seal to be hereunto affixed and the Contractor has caused its Common Seal to be affixed/executed as a Deed, hand, and/or seal as appropriate the day and year first before written.

In witness the seals and/or hands of the parties hereto.

Signed for and on behalf of the City: _______________________

On the date of _____________ and in the presence of the Witness: ________________

Signed for and on behalf of the Contractor: __________________

Located at the following main office or place of business and telephone number: []

On the date of _____________ and in the presence of Witness: ______________


ANTICOLLUSION AFFIDAVIT:

The following affidavit is submitted by the Proposer as part of this proposal:

The undersigned deponent, of lawful age, being duly sworn, upon his or her oath deposes and says: that he has lawful authority to execute the within and foregoing proposal; that he/she has executed the same by prescribing his/her name hereto under oath for and on behalf of said proposer; that proposer has not directly or indirectly entered into any agreement, express or implied, with any proposer or proposers, having for its object the controlling of the price or amount of such proposal or proposals, the limiting of the proposals or proposers, the parceling or farming out to any proposer or proposers or any other persons of any part of the Contract or any part of the subject matter of the proposal or proposals or of the profits thereof, and that he/she has not and will not divulge the sealed proposal to any person whomsoever, except those having a partnership or other financial interest with him or her in said proposal or proposals, until after the said sealed proposal or proposals are opened.

Deponent further states that the proposer has not been a party to any collusion among proposers in restraint of freedom of competition by agreement to make a proposal at a fixed price or to refrain from submitting a proposal; or with any City or National Government Official or employee as to quantity, quality, or price in the prospective contract, or any other terms of said prospective contract; or in any discussions between proposers and any Official concerning exchange of money or other things of value for special consideration in the letting of a contract; that the proposer/contractor has not paid, given or donated or agreed to pay, give or donate to any Official, Officer or employee of the City or National Government any money or other thing of value either directly or indirectly, in the procuring of the award of the Contract pursuant to this proposal.

Executed under penalty of perjury on this _________________day of ____________, 19[], at __________________.

Name, Title and Signature of the Proposer: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Date: __________________

Witnessed thereof by: _______________________

Date: _____________________


AFFIDAVIT REGARDING RELATIONS:

The Contractor and City agree that Contractor is an independent Contractor and not an employee or agent of City. Nothing herein shall be construed as creating a partnership, agency, joint venture or similar relationship between Contractor and City. The Contractor will not represent to anyone that its relationship with City is other than that of an independent Contractor. The Contractor shall be fully and solely responsible for its own acts and omissions and those of its employees, officers, agents and authorized sub-Contractors.

Executed under penalty of perjury on this _________________day of ____________, [], at __________________.

Name, Title and Signature of the Proposer: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Date: ______________

Witnessed thereof by: _________________________________


PERFORMANCE SECURITY:

Know all persons by these presents, that we, ................................................................................................................................ , (hereinafter called “principal”), as principal, and ................................................................................................................................ , a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the government of ...................... , (hereinafter called “surety”), as surety, are held firmly bound unto ................................................................................................................................ , (hereinafter called “obligee”), as obligee, in the penal sum of ......................................................... , good and lawful money of the country of ...................., For the payment of which, well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, our heirs, administrators, executors, successors, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents.

Whereas, the Contractor has entered into a certain written Contract with the oblige, dated the ............ Day of ..............., 19...... , for solid waste facility works and disposal, which Contract is hereby referred to and made a part hereof as fully and to the same extent as if copied at length herein.

Now, therefore, the condition of this obligation is such, that if the Contractor shall faithfully perform the Contract on his part, free and clear of all liens arising out of claims for labor and materials entering into the performance of the Contract and indemnify and save harmless the obligee from all loss, costs, damages, or expenses that it may suffer by reason of the failure so to do, then this obligation shall be void; otherwise to remain in full force and effect.

In this Performance Security, words and expressions have the same meanings as in the Contract and the Surety shall be deemed to have full knowledge of all the terms and conditions of the Contract.

The Contractor and the Surety bind themselves, their successors and assigns in the appropriate sum stated for the appropriate period stated. The sum shall be equivalent to [] % of the total bid price for works and operations under this Contract, until the expiry of [] years after the date of the Certificate of Completion of all works and operations under this Contract.

Provided, however, that no suit, action or proceeding shall be had or maintained against Surety on this bond unless the same be brought or instituted within one year after the date of completion or default by principal. Written notice to Principal and Surety must be given within thirty days after the occurrence of an alleged default or failure to perform.

Signed and sealed this............ Day of ..........., 19.... .

(Seal) .............................(Contractor)

By...........................(Seal) .............................

(Surety)By...........................

Witnessed thereof by:


Item 8. Conditions of Particular Application

1. Performance Security . The performance security shall be in the form of a bank guarantee or bond. The amount of the security shall be [] percent of the Contract Price. The security shall be denominated in the types and proportions of currencies in which the Contract Prices is payable.

2. Contractor’s General Responsibility . The Contractor shall promptly inform the Employer and Engineer of any error, omission, fault and other defect in the design of or specification for the Works and Operations that are discovered when reviewing the Contract bidding documents or in the process of the execution of the Works or Operations.

3. Labor . The Contractor is encouraged, to the extent practicable and reasonable, to employ staff and labor with the required qualifications and experience from sources within the Republic of [].

4. Equipment . The Contractor shall not bring on to the Site any hired Equipment unless there is an agreement for the hire thereof within seven days after the date of any forfeiture becoming effective and on the Employer undertaking to pay all comparable hire charges under comparable hiring terms and conditions.

5. Advance Mobilization . The Employer will make an interest –free advance to the Contract in the lump sum amount equivalent to [] percent of the Contract Price, payable in proportionate amounts of foreign and local currencies as provided for in the Contract. The advance loan shall be used by the Contractor exclusively for mobilization expenditures, including hiring of equipment and workers and purchase of supplies.

6. Retention. A retention amounting to [] percent of the amount to be paid in any monthly Interim Payment due to the Contractor shall be made by the Employer until such time as the cumulative total of such deductions shall about to [] percent of the Contract Price. The retention money shall be issued after the Engineer has certified that the Works are completed and the Period of Maintenance and Start Up has been completed.

7. Taxation. Any equipment, materials and supplies brought into [] by the Contractor or his/her Subcontractors for the purpose of carrying out the Services shall be exempt from any importation duties, taxes, fees and levies provided that said items shall be subsequently withdrawn from [] upon completion of the Works.

8. Bribery. The Employer shall be entitled to terminate the Contract and recovery all amounts resulting from the cost of such termination if the Contractor shall have offered or given to any person any gift or consideration of any kind as an inducement or reward for doing any action in relation to obtaining or executing the Contract.


Item 9. Construction and Operation General Requirements.

1. Timeliness of Works and Operations . The Contractor shall conduct all construction in a timely and efficient manner, working steadily and productively until completion of all works specified in these technical specifications and designs. Following the commencement of the Contract the Contractor shall carry out the works and operations in such a way as to ensure a continuous and unhindered receipt and safe disposal of solid waste during the agreed hours of operation.

2. The Contractor shall conduct construction during at least [] hours of each week, from at least [] AM to [] PM (inclusive of rest and food breaks) during five days weekly, and from [] AM to [] PM on Saturday and [] AM to [] PM on Sunday. The Contractor shall conduct operation during at least [] hours of each week, from at least [] AM to [] PM (inclusive of rest and food breaks) during five days weekly, and from [] AM to [] PM on Saturday and [] AM to [] PM on Sunday.

3. Access Control . At the Contractor’s sole expense, the Contractor shall prominently post signs a the entrance to the Disposal Facility detailing the regulations that must be followed by vehicles entering the site, visitors, and registered waste picker; indicating the hours of operation, specifying the types of wastes or recyclable materials accepted, any fees for disposal and for recycling, and telephone numbers to call in case of emergency.

4. The Contractor shall construct and maintain all internal roads running in and over the Disposal Facility, from the end of the public access road to the point designated at the working face for dumping of materials. As needed, the Contractor shall maintain a special all-weather road or ramp for access during the wet weather seasons so as to avoid any vehicles becoming stuck or otherwise delayed.

5. Availability of Equipment . The Contractor shall maintain and repair all equipment to have it available at least 90% of the work hours during which construction and/or operation is to be conducted. Materials shall be ordered and delivered in a timely manner to avoid equipment downtime.

6. All equipment used at the Site shall be registered in [] and have passed a valid inspection within the 6-month period prior to the start of construction. All equipment shall be insured against theft and liability, with sufficient coverage to ensure steady construction activity is maintained.

7. Materials . Materials employed throughout the Works and Operations under this Contract shall be free from defects or imperfections, unused and of recent manufacture and of a classification and grade in full conformity with the technical specifications. The Contractor shall verify selected materials by required laboratory and field-testing, as required under the technical specifications. The Contractor shall maintain and submit monthly a record of all materials testing results. All materials, supplies or articles shall be provided in the same measure as specified. Materials, supplies or articles other than those named and specified, or in measures other than those specified, shall be approved only when Independent Consultants engaged by the City have been satisfied as to their strength, reliability and suitability.

8. Personnel . The Contract shall employ only such superintendents, mechanics, equipment operators, guards, and other workers who are careful, competent, and fully qualified to perform the duties or tasks assigned to them. All workers shall have sufficient skill, ability and experience to properly perform the work assigned to them. All workers shall be trained to be courteous and responsive to the general public, to all Designated Haulers and to Government Officials or representatives.


9. Health and Safety . The Contractor shall provide a safe and healthy work environment, and provide adequate protection for each type of work activity (including but not limited to gloves, hard hat, goggles, safety belts, boots, noise protection, breathing masks). Workers shall be vaccinated for hepatitis, tetanus, and polio; and shall receive regular medical examinations for injuries and infectious diseases which may be work related. The Contractor shall operate the Disposal Facility in compliance with all applicable National or City laws and regulations pertaining to safety. The Contractor shall maintain a log of all accidents and injuries that may occur on-site.

10. The Contractor shall guard and isolate the workspace so that the public does not have access. If such access occurs and there are related accidents and injuries, the Contractor shall be fully liable for emergency medical attention and damages.

11. The Contractor shall conduct excavation and trenching so as to avoid any risk of slopes collapsing and people being injured. Slope minimization, stabilization and shoring, as needed, shall be employed to avoid risk of slope failure.

12. The Contract shall publish and distribute a Health and Safety Plan to be followed by all workers, waste pickers, visitors, Designated Haulers and others working or otherwise spending time at the disposal site. The City shall take such steps, as it reasonably can to ensure that such Plan is observed, as well as supported by emergency personnel employed by the City. The Contractor shall provide and maintain a stock of all necessary medical, fire, gas, and electric shock emergency response or first aid equipment and stores recommended in the Health and Safety Plan. There shall be a designated trained Health and Safety Officer at the Site during all hours of Works and Operations, who shall be responsible for adherence to the Health and Safety Plan and emergency response.

13. The Contractor’s attention is drawn to the hazards of landfill gas, which is potentially explosive and can cause significant fires to burn within and at the surface of the landfill. Smoking, the use of naked lights and welding shall be prohibited in areas of the Disposal Facility where landfill gas is present and can migrate. Warning signs shall be put up to remind workers and visitors of these restrictions. All vehicles and plant shall carry fire extinguishers and shall be equipped with properly functioning spark arrestors.

14. The Contractor shall publish and distribute the rules governing operations at the disposal site and enforce these rules during the duration of this construction and operation contract. The City shall take such steps, as it reasonably can to ensure that such rules are observed, as well as supported by Cleansing Supervisors, Inspectors, and other City enforcement personnel.

15. Hazardous Wastes . The Contractor shall not be required by the City or any Generator or Designated Hauler to accept Hazardous Waste. Any discharge of Hazardous Waste observed by the Contractor shall be reported to the City and/or Generator within [] hours and it shall be the responsibility of the City and/or Generator to promptly resolve safe management of said wastes.

16. The Contractor shall not be required by the City or any Generator or Designated Hauler to accept Abattoir Waste, Animal Carcasses, Excremental Waste, or Bulky Construction/Demolition Debris. Any discharge of such wastes observed by the Contractor shall be reported to the City and/or Generator within [] hours and it shall be the responsibility of the City and/or Generator to promptly resolve safe management of said wastes.


17. Damage . The Contractor shall avoid damage to public roads and walkways to and from the site and to properties adjoining the site. If such damage occurs, the Contractor shall be fully responsible for immediate and complete repair.

18. Inspection . The Contractor shall allow access to the City’s designated representatives for inspection of works and/or records at any time during normal working hours. The City has the right to use qualified independent consultants and/or testing specialists to certify construction methods and/or materials.

19. Parallel Works and Operations . The Contractor shall enable and conduct landfilling operations on one area of the disposal site while conducting construction on another area of the same site, regardless of whether the operations are conducted by the Contractor or by some other party engaged by the City. Construction activity shall not cause inconvenience, queues, breakdowns, hazards, or inefficiencies among the City’s solid waste collection fleet (including Designated Haulers).

20. Waste Receipt . During construction, the Contractor shall provide Delivery Points for the City’s solid waste collection fleet that are readily accessible and convenient for timely and safe unloading. These Delivery Points shall be at or near the working face of the designated daily working face of the disposal site and shall not incur significant double handling by site’s landfill equipment. The Delivery Points shall be open for the reception of waste during the disposal site’s designated work hours of [] to []. The Contractor shall ensure that all vehicles in which waste is delivered to any Delivery Point are unloaded promptly and their movements onto, in and out to the Delivery Points are expedited.

21. The Contractor shall give no preference or priority of treatment over Designed Haulers to any other persons bringing wastes to the Disposal Facility with respect to the disposal of solid wastes at the Facility nor shall the Contractor give any preference or priority among Designated Haulers.

22. The Contractor shall not charge disposal fees to persons or Designated Haulers bringing wastes or materials to the Disposal Facility.

23. Use of Compost from Waste . The Contractor agrees to use any compost products generated by the City through any City-initiated composting efforts as cover material at the Disposal Facility, as needed, provided that the cost of the compost products does not exceed the Contractor’s lowest cost for alternative cover materials, and provided that said compost products are determined by applicable governmental agencies to be acceptable alternative cover material.

24. Cooperation with Waste Pickers . The Contractor shall cooperate with those Waste Pickers whom the City has registered and suitably identified as permitted site access during normal working hours of the land disposal operation.

25. Site Closure . The Contractor shall address all closure and after-care requirements of the landfill for the initial [] month period following completion of the Disposal Service wherein solid wastes are received at the Disposal Facility. The Contractor shall publish and disseminate a Closure and After-care Plan address all final grading, drainage, landscaping, maintenance, and environmental monitoring procedures to be followed.

26. The Contractor shall maintain records on a daily, cumulative weekly, and cumulative monthly basis on all Works and Operations conducted. These records shall be compared on a monthly basis with the


original construction and operations plan submitted by the Contractor, with all delays clearly noted. The Contractor shall submit a summary of these records to the City within a monthly progress report.

27. Complaints. The Contract shall make available at each Delivery Point a Complaints Book for the use of persons delivering waste to the Delivery Point, and have that Book available for review by the City.

28. As-Built Drawings. The Contractor shall develop and submit reproducible “as-built” drawings, showing details of construction for all as-built facilities, including final materials, measurements, elevations, wiring, piping, color-coding, etc.

29. Progress Photos . The Contract shall routinely make progress photos of all aspects of Works and Operations at the Disposal Facility, at each key step in implementation and progress, as well as during each incident of accident or failure. Photos shall be submitted monthly to the City, together with the monthly records.


Item 10. General and Technical Specifications

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION DESCRIPTION

000 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

100 EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

200 EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

300 SAND-CLAY SUBBASE COURSE

400 CRUSHED STONE BASE COURSE

500 PRIME AND TACK COATS

600 BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

700 ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

800 MINERAL FILLER

900 CONCRETE

1000 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

1100 FORM WORK

1200 LANDFILL


SECTION 000 - GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

001 Brief Description of the Works

Location and Scope of Works. This disposal site is located in the city of [] at the [] and [] .The capital works include:

The construction of a perimeter fence The construction of the extension of [] to [] () The construction of a wash bay The construction of a site office. The construction of a sanitary block, septic tank and water trestle The construction of a shed for litter pickers/workers. The upgrading of the existing dumpsite to environmentally acceptable standards. Including facilities

for gas emission and monitoring of leachate migration.

The rehabilitation works also consist of the building of shoulders, the cleaning and dressing of some existing drains and construction of a small quantity of new earthen drains.

002 Drawings The Works shall be carried out according to Drawings No SWD1 to SWD9, and it shall be the Contractor's own responsibility to prepare from these drawings any such Working Drawings that he may require for the proper setting out and construction of the Works.

003 Datum Of Levels The levels shown on Drawings refer to []. For the purposes of this Contract the datum to be used shall be the benchmark or benchmarks which the Engineer has ascribed a value prior to commencement of the Works.

004 Survey

From the benchmark specified in Clause 3 hereof, the Contractor shall check the levels of any temporary benchmarks he proposes to use in setting out the Works and shall establish additional benchmarks.

The Contractor shall supply to the Engineer, in duplicate, maps and records in an approved form giving details of the location and level of each bench-mark used or established by the Contractor. Levels shall be transferred and ascribed to benchmarks within an accuracy of 0.25/k inches where k is the length in miles of the leveling circuit.

005 Programme

Before commencing the Works the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for his approval a Programme showing the order in which he proposes to carry out the Works. The Contractor shall revise this Programme as necessary to ensure completion of the Works within the time periods stated in Clause 1 specified above. The Programme shall include the following details:

(i) a statement giving the numbers a categories of supervisory and technical staff and skilled and unskilled labor to be employed on the Works;


(ii) a list and type details of major Construction Plant (including vehicles) which the Contractor proposes to employ on the Works;

(iii) details of the Contractor's methods of working for all operations;

(iv) details of the Programme for the Works from the date of receipt of the Engineer's Order to Commence the Works, including a complete resource allocation showing the number of units and allotted times for each unit of Construction Plant, materials and labor allocated to each part of the Works.

006 Notice Of Operations

The Contractor shall give full and complete written notice of all important operations to the Engineer sufficiently in advance to enable the Engineer to make such arrangements as the Engineer may consider necessary for inspection and for any other purpose. The Contractor shall not start any important operation without the written approval of the Engineer.

007 Accommodation And Latrines

The Contractor shall provide throughout the period of construction of the Works and shall maintain and clean suitable accommodation and sufficient latrines for use by his employees. He shall ensure that his employees do not foul the Site but make proper use of the latrines.

008 Contractor's Power Supply

The Contractor shall make his own arrangement for the supply of electric power for the purposes of the Contract.

009 Suppliers Of Materials

Before ordering a material of any description intended for the Permanent Works, the Contractor shall submit for the approval, of the Engineer the name of the maker or supplier proposed and details of the place of origin and specification of the material. If requested by the Engineer, the Contractor shall supply to the Engineer for his retention a copy of any such order placed.

010 Natural Materials

The Contractor shall make all arrangements for locating, selecting and processing natural materials to comply with the Specification and shall submit to the Engineer for approval full information regarding the proposed location well in advance of commencement of working of the material. Approval of a source does not imply that all material in that source is approved.

011 Disruption Of Local Communities

The Contractor shall take all measures necessary to avoid nuisance and disruption to local communities. In particular the Contractor shall ensure no damage is done to crops, pasture, housing or woodland outside the area for which the Engineer's approval for bush clearance has been given, that all irrigation supplies and drainage to such areas are maintained and that the Contractor's operations do not cause flooding or pollution hazards. During


construction, the Contractor shall make necessary diversions of the drainage water of the facade for discharging through the nearby koker at his own cost.

012 Maintenance Of Access

Due to the nature of the soils in the project area the use of vehicles on unsurfaced roads or embankments during wet weather can cause substantial damage. The Contractor shall ensure that during such periods he shall make such arrangements as necessary to 6prevent damage to the roads aforementioned. If roads or embankments are damaged the Contractor shall make immediate repairs to the approval of the Engineer.

013 Services

The Contractor shall determine the location of all services within the site. The Contractor shall take all necessary measures to ensure that no damage or disruption to these services occurs. If the Contractor wishes to interfere with any services for the purpose of the construction of temporary or permanent works he shall obtain all necessary approvals from the relevant responsible authorities.

The Contractor shall keep all vehicles and equipment used for performing services in good repair, appearance and sanitary condition. Each vehicle shall have at least one broom and shovel at all times to clean up solid waste that may be spilled or otherwise scattered during the process of collection. All lights, horns, warning devices, mufflers, fuel tanks and emission controls on said vehicles and equipment shall be kept operable at all times, with an average fleet downtime of no more than 5 Percent. When vehicles are down for maintenance or repair, it shall be the Contractor’s obligation to provide a replacement vehicle from the spares in its fleet or a comparable replacement through a rental agreement. All odometers on said vehicles shall be kept operable at all times and shall be replaced only upon prompt notice thereof to government.

014 The Site

Except where otherwise shown on the Drawings or specified herein, the Site shall mean the extent of such public and private lands as is, in the opinion of the Engineer, necessary or practicable for the execution of the Works. The Contractor shall not use the Site for any purpose not required by the contract.

The Contractor shall where ordered provide photographs of and make a record to the approval of the Engineer of the condition and levels of the surfaces of the Site immediately before entering on them for the purpose of executing the Works.

015 Areas Outside The Site

In the event of the Contractor making use of any special or temporary wayleave or additional accommodation acquired by him or any tip for disposal of surplus materials he shall obtain the written consent of the owner, occupier or authority having charge of the land in which such wayleave, accommodation or tip as situated and shall make a record agreed by the owner, occupier or authority aforesaid of the condition of the surface of that land before entering thereon.

The Contractor shall permit the Employer and the Engineer and any person authorized by the Employer or the Engineer to use for the purposes of the Contract any such special or temporary wayleave or additional accommodation acquired by the Contractor.


In the event of the Contractor making use of any special or temporary wayleave or additional accommodation made available to him by the Employer for the purpose of the Contract, the land in which such wayleave or accommodation is situated shall be deemed to be part of the Site as defined in Clause 14 hereof.

016 Access To Site

Before the commencement of any part of the Works the Contractor shall make temporary access tracks including all necessary temporary diversions and bridge works to the part of the Site concerned, both for the Contractor's own access and for the maintenance of public access, all to the approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall maintain such access tracks in a condition suitable for the safe and easy passage of plant, vehicles and pedestrians until these tracks are no longer required for the purposes of the Contract.

The Contractor shall make a record to be agreed by the Engineer of the condition of the surfaces of any private lands or of any public cultivated or maintained lands over which access to the Site lies before use for access and he shall keep such surfaces in a reasonable state of cleanliness and repair during the execution of the Works. On the termination of the Contractor's use of such access he shall restore the surfaces to a condition at least equal to that obtaining before his first entry on them.

017 Condition Of Site

The Contractor shall maintain the Site in a neat, tidy and healthy condition.

SECTION 100 - EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

101 General

All excavation is to be carried out to the lines and levels shown on the drawings or to such other dimensions as the Consultant or his representative may supply.

The depth of excavation has been given in successive stages of excavation as stated in the Standard Method of Measurement.

Excavation and backfilling shall be carried out in such a manner as to avoid damage to adjacent structures and the Contractor shall provide any temporary support that may be required.

102 Nature Of Ground

Ascertain the nature of the ground and sub-soil to determine whether water, running sand or any other difficulties are likely to be encountered and whether cutting by hand or mechanical means must be use. The contractor should notify the Consultant or its Representatives immediately should any adverse conditions be encountered.

Remove any rocks encountered with wedges, levers or rock drills. Blasting will not be permitted on site.

103 Water-Level


The water level in the ground has not been established and the Contractor is to ascertain the level of the water table before excavation commences.

104 Top Soil

The topsoil is to be excavated separately to such depth as described in the Bills of Quantities. The Contractor must take all precautions necessary to prevent topsoil being removed from the site and he must ensure that the topsoil is adequately protected in the spoil heaps against erosion and deterioration from the weather.

105 Approval Of Bottoms

The excavation for all foundations shall be inspected by the Consultant or its representatives before any concrete is placed and the Contractor shall give a minimum of two (2) working days notice that such an inspection will be required.

106 Level And Ram

Level and ram surface of ground and bottom of all excavation to receive concrete.

Should excavation be taken below the specified levels, the difference in level shall be made up by filling in with a 1:4:8 concrete mix at the Contractor's own expense.

107 Backfill

Backfilling shall be carried out with white sand or selected excavated material approved by the Engineer around foundations and at the back of walls, etc., up to the original ground level or as directed. It shall be carried out in horizontal layers not exceeding 6" - 9" loose thickness, moistened or dried as required and thoroughly compacted by mechanical or other approved means to 90% Standard Proctor Density for white sand and/or as approved by the Consultant for selected excavated material. The bottom 3" of excavation for concrete shall be removed on the same day as the building layer for concrete is placed on it. If the excavation should become disturbed or weakened by water or other means, the Contractor shall be required to remove a further thickness of soil as the Consultant or his representative may direct and to backfill same with 1:4:8 concrete at the Contractor's own expense.

The Contractor shall take due precaution to ensure the safety of any block or reinforced concrete walls which may subject to excessive loading during the compaction of the fill and/or hardcore by shoring or otherwise protecting these walls.

Behind retaining walls, due care is to be taken to avoid excessive ramming over and above that necessary to thoroughly compact the fill. Where a retaining wall is supported by concrete columns or slabs against overturning, backfill is not to be placed behind such walls until the supporting members are in position and capable of acting as supports. Alternatively, such walls should be adequately shored against overturning.

Where backfill is to be placed on both sides of a wall, it shall be placed on both sides together, so that at no time will the difference in level exceed 12 inches.

No backfilling shall be carried out which covers work that has not been inspected and approved.


108 Earth Filling

Placing. Where with the approval of the Engineer or his representative, the filling is not to be compacted, due allowance shall be made by the Contractor for consolidation and shrinkage in the height and width and all deficiencies shall be made good.

109 Disposal

Cart away surplus excavated material form site unless otherwise directed. Allow in rates for excavation in items measured as "extra over excavation" for any additional cost of disposal.

110 Materials Arising

No materials found in the excavations are to be used in the works without the written permission of the Consultant.

111 Earthwork Support

Timbering. The Contractor shall provide adequate timbering to prevent collapse of the earth cuts where appropriate. The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the excavation and any damage caused by them to other parts of the Works. Excavations are to be exposed for as short a time as possible.

The Contractor shall provide adequate timbering to prevent collapse of the earth cuts where appropriate. The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the excavation and any damage caused by them to other parts of the Works. Excavations are to be exposed for as short a time as possible.

SECTION 200 - EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

201 Excavation

This work shall consist of excavation, disposal and compaction of all material not being removed under some other item which encountered within the limits of the work and which is necessary for the construction of the roadway in accordance with the Specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades, thicknesses and typical cross-sections shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

202 Unclassified Excavation

Shall consist of the excavation and disposal of all materials of whatever character encountered in the work including stripping top soil after clearing and grubbing and after cross sections of the cleared and grubbed areas have been made.

203 Muck Excavation

Shall consist of the removal land disposal of deposits of saturated or unsaturated mixtures of soils and organic matter not suitable for foundation material regardless of moisture content.


Where excavation results in a sub-base or sub-grade of unsuitable material, the Engineer may require the Contractor to remove the unsuitable materials and backfill to the finished graded section with approved materials. The contractor shall conduct his operations in such a way that the Engineer can take the necessary measurements before the backfilling is placed.

Excavation which requires more than one handling prior to final placement and which was reserved for later use in the work, will be paid for only once at the Contract unit price but will be also paid for as Clay Capping for embankment if used for this purpose. All excavation removed from the sites or deposited in other areas except for clay capping to embankment shall be paid for just once in its original conditions.

204 Embankment

All suitable materials removed from the excavation shall be used as far as practicable in the formation of embankment, sub-grade, shoulders, slopes, and for other purposes as directed by the Engineer.

Embankment construction shall include constructing road-way embankment; the placing and compacting approved material within road-way areas where unsuitable materials has been removed, and the placing and compacting of embankment materials in holes, and depressions, within the road-way area. Only approved materials shall be used in the construction of embankments and backfills.

205 Construction of Embankment and Treatment of Cut Areas with Moisture and Density Control

Unless the Engineer states that water and rolling are not required, all embankments shall be compacted in accordance with the following requirements.

The Contractor shall compact the material placed in all embankment in layers and the material scarified to the designated depth below sub-grade in cut sections, until a uniform density of not less than 95% of the maximum determined by AASHTO T 180 - E, method is attained at a moisture content determined by the Engineer to be suitable for such density. The Engineer will, during the process of the work, make density tests of compacted material in accordance with AASHTO T 147, T 191, T 205, or other approved field density tests, including the use of properly calibrated nuclear testing devices. A correction for coarse particles may be made in accordance with AASHTO T 224. If, by such tests, the Engineer determines that specified density and moisture condition have not been attained, the Contractor shall perform additional work as may be necessary to attain the specified conditions.

206 Construction of Embankment and Treatment of Cut Areas with Moisture and Density Control

Except for the first layer of fill over swampy grounds, embankment materials shall be deposited in layers not exceeding 8" in thickness before compaction. Dumping and rolling areas shall be kept separate and no lift shall be covered by another until compaction complying with the requirements of this sub-section is secured.

The clay material from excavation shall be placed on embankment to form clay blanket. Clay blanket shall be compacted and trimmed to give a neat appearance.

207 Borrow


Shall consist of white sand or selected material (approved by the project Engineer) required for the construction of embankments, subbase, liners or for other engineered portions of the works and shall be obtained from approved sources Borrow shall be free of deleterious material.

Borrow material shall not be placed until after the readily accessible roadway excavation has been placed in one fill unless otherwise permitted or directed by the Engineer. If the Contractor places more borrow than is required, and thereby cause a waste of excavation, the amount of such waste will not be paid for.

All borrow areas shall be balded and left in a neat condition and properly graded to drain.

208 Ditches

Ditches shall conform to the slope, grade and shape of the required cross section, with no projection of roots, stumps, rock or similar matter. The Contractor shall maintain and keep open and free from leaves, sticks and other debris, all ditches dug by him until final acceptance of the work. The flow lines shall be in satisfactory shape to provide drainage without overflow.

Materials excavated from ditches shall be disposed of as otherwise directed by the Engineer.

During the construction of the roadway, the roadbed shall be maintained in such a condition that it will be well drained at all times.

209 White Sandfill for Embankment

Description. This work shall consist of supplying, placing, spreading and compacting of selected granular fill, material for embankment and earth works as specified, all as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer and as specified herein. The minimum height of this fill shall be 6 inches, which is the thickness of the sub-base assumed for the pavement design.

Materials. Fill material shall be local white sand free from foreign and deleterious materials and with the following gradation requirements.

ASTM Sieve No. Limits of % Passing 4 (4,75 mm) 100 8 (2,36 mm) 93-100 16 (1,18 mm) 87 - 98 30 (600 micron) 78 - 95 50 (300 micron) 65 - 85 100 (150 micron) 40 - 75 200 (75 micron) 15 - 45

4. C.B.R. Requirements. C.B.R. obtained shall not be less than 15% when compacted to the Standard Proctor density in accordance with AASHTO T 99, Method C, and tested after soaking for four days. In addition, the material shall be non-plastic.

5. (a) Placing and Compacting. The fill material shall be placed in uniform layers that can be compacted to the required density and to the lines, grades and cross sections shown on the plan or as directed by the Engineer. The


upper 6 inches of the fill shall be thoroughly compacted to minimum of 96 percent of the Standard Proctor density.

(b) Immediately following final placing and compacting, the material shall be compacted to the full height by means of smooth-wheel power rollers, pneumatic-tired rollers or other approved compaction equipment. Rolling shall progress gradually from the sides to the center, parallel to the centerline of the road and shall continue until all the surface has been rolled. Any irregularities or depressions that develop shall be corrected by loosening the material at these places and adding or removing materials until the surface is smooth and uniform. Along curbs, headers, walls and that all places not accessible to the roller, the material shall be compacted thoroughly with approved tampers or compactors. The material shall be both balded and rolled until a smooth even surface has been obtained.

SECTION 300 - SAND-CLAY SUBBASE COURSE

301 Description

The work specified in this Section consists of the construction of as subbase course composed of naturally mixed sand and clay, on the prepared subgrade, in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades, noted and typical cross sections shown in the plans. When the specified compacted thickness of the subbase is greater than six inches the subbase shall be constructed in two or more courses; otherwise the base may be constructed in either one or two courses.

302 Material

General Requirements. Sand-clay material for use in the construction of sand-clay base shall be a mixture of suitable sand-clay and white sand, blended in the proportion of 60 parts by weight of sand-clay to 40 parts by weight of white sand, the materials shall be free of trash, foreign matter and other deleterious material. It shall not contain lumps or aggregate of such nature or in sufficient quantity to prevent the obtaining of a smooth surface, free from pits and pockets. It shall not contain particles of aggregate that will not pass a one-inch sieve.Before any subbase course material is used it shall first have been tested by the laboratory and approved by the Engineer.

303 Composition and Gradation

The material passing the 10-mesh sieve shall meet with the following requirements for composition, gradation, etc.:

(Percent of material passing the 10-mesh sieve)Clay (material smaller than 0.005 mm) ...8 to 21 Silt (material from 0.005 to 0.05 mm) ....0 to 10 combined clay and silt..........8 to 25

304 C.B.R. Requirements


Sand- clay/white sand mix, not less than 25% when compacted in accordance with AASHTO T 99 method C, and tested after soaking for four days. In addition the plasticity Index shall not exceed 6, and the liquid limit must not be greater than 25% (based on tests made on the portion passing the No. 40- sieve).

305 Source of Materials

The Contractor shall obtain sand-clay material from borrow pits approved by the Engineer. Reef sand from local deposits in the Region may be used for this purpose but only on approval of the Engineer, provided always that the applicable tests for gradation and composition and strength are first carried out.

306 Placing Materials

Single Course Subbase. The material may be dumped directly on the subgrade but shall be uniformly distributed by approved methods. The loose thickness shall be as designated by the Engineer and shall be checked continuously by the Contractor to insure that the finished subbase will have the thickness and shape required by the typical section.

307 Compaction

Single-Course. The material shall have approximately the optimum moisture content and the loose consistency, as determined by the Engineer, before being compacted. Wetting or drying will be required when the material does not have the proper moisture content to insure the required density. If the material is deficient in moisture, water shall be added and uniformity mixed-in by sling the base course to its full depth. If the material contains an excess of moisture are attained the material shall be compacted to a density not less than 98 per cent of the maximum density which will be acceptable at any location outside the traveled roadway, such as intersections, crossovers, turnouts, etc., shall be 95 percent of such maximum.

308 Multiple-Course

Each course of multiple-course shall be compacted as specified above for single-course base. Prior to the placing of material for the overlying course, the density tests shall have been made on the lower course and the Engineer shall have determined that the specified compaction requirements have been met. In the compaction of the upper course the operations of wetting, discing, etc., shall not be such as to disturb the density in the lower course. For multiple-course base the density shall be determined separately for each layer.

309 Testing Surface

The finished surface of the subbase course shall be checked with a template with a template cut to the required crown and with a 15-foot straightedge laid parallel to the centerline of the road. All irregularities greater than 1/4 inch shall be corrected by scarifying, and removing or adding base materials as may be required, after which the entire area shall be re-compacted to meet the specified density requirements.

310 Thickness of Subbase

A 2-inch under-tolerance in the thickness of the subbase will be allowed. All area where the thickness of the completed subbase is less than the thickness required after such tolerance, shall be corrected by scarifying, adding base material and re-compacting as specified.


SECTION 400 - CRUSHED STONE BASE COURSE

401 Description

The material shall consist of suitable crusher run stone which shall be free from any deleterious matter and shall meet all the pertinent requirements stated below.

402 Gradation RequirementsA.S.T.M. Percent by Weight Sieve No. Passing 12" 100 :" 100 - 80 d" 80 - 55 No. 4 50 - 30 No. 30 30 - 10 No. 200 15 - 5

403 C.B.R. Requirements

Not less than 61% when compacted in accordance with AASHTO T99, Method C, and Tested after soaking for four days.

404 Compaction

All compaction shall be done at optimum moisture content, as determined by AASHTO T99, Method C. The density shall not be less after compaction than 95% of the maximum dry density as determined by AASHTO T99, Method C.

405 Testing Surface

The finished surface shall be checked with a template. All irregularities greater than 1/4 inch shall be corrected by scarifying, and removing and adding material as may be required, after which the entire area shall be re-compacted to meet the specified density requirements.

406 Thickness

A 2-inch under-tolerance in the thickness will be allowed. All areas where the thickness is less than required after such tolerance shall be corrected by scarifying, adding material and re-compacting as specified.

SECTION 500 - PRIME AND TACK COATS

501 Prime And Tack Coats

Description. The work specified in this Section consists of the application of bituminous prime coats on previously prepared bases and the application of bituminous tack coats on previously prepared bases and on existing pavement surfaces. All such work shall be accomplished in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with lines, dimensions and notes shown in the plans.

502 Materials

Prime Coat. The material used for prime coat shall be medium curing cutback asphalt, MC-30 or MC - 70, meeting the requirements for Bituminous Material.

503 Cover Material for Prime Coat

The cover material shall be sand (bare or hot-asphalt). The sand shall be non-plastic and free from silt, clay balls and root particles, and from any noticeable sticks, trash vegetation or other organic matter.

504 Tack Coat

Unless a specific type or grade of material is called for in the plans or special provisions, the material used for tack coat shall be emulsified asphalt, grades RS-2, SS-1 or SS-1H, meeting the requirements for bituminous materials.

505 Equipment

Pressure Distributor. The pressure distributor shall be equipped with pneumatic tires having a sufficient width of rubber in contact with the road surface to avoid breaking the bond or forming a rut in the surface. The distance between the centers of openings of the outside nozzles of the spray bar shall be equal to the width of the application required, within an allowable variation of two inches. The outside nozzle at each end of the spray bar shall have an area of opening not less than 25% not more than in excess of the other nozzles. All other nozzles shall have uniform openings. When the application covers less than the full width, the normal opening of the end nozzle at the junction line may remain the same as those of the interior nozzles.

506 Sampling Device on Transport Tanks

All transport tanks delivery bituminous material, for use of the project shall be equipped with an approved spigot-type sampling device.

507 Cleaning Base and Protection of Adjacent Work

Before any bituminous material is applied, all loose material, dust, dirt, caked clay and other foreign material that might prevent proper bond with the existing surface shall be removed for the full width of the application. Particular care shall be taken in cleaning the outer edges of the strip to be treated, to ensure that the prime or tack coat will adhere.

When the prime or tack coat is applied adjacent to curb and gutter, valley gutter or any other concrete surfaces, such concrete surfaces (except where they are to be covered with a bituminous wearing course) shall be covered with heavy paper, or otherwise protected as approved by the Engineer, while the prime or tack coat is being applied. Any bituminous material deposited on such concrete surfaces shall be removed.

508 Weather Limitations

Prime and tack coats shall be applied when all other weather conditions and the condition of the surface are suitable.

509 Application of Prime Coat

General. The surface to be primed shall be clean and the moisture content of the base shall not exceed 90% of the optimum moisture. The temperature of the prime material shall be between 100 oF and 150 oF. The actual temperature shall be that which will ensure uniform distribution, and will be designated by the Engineer. The material shall be applied by means of a pressure distributor. The amount to be applied will be dependent on the character of the surface shall be sufficient to coat the surface thoroughly and uniformly, with no excess.

510 Rate of Application

The rate shall be not less than 0.20 - 0.50 gallon per square yard. The depth of penetration shall be about 3 - 10 mm.

511 Sprinkling

If so required by the Engineer the base shall be lightly sprinkled with water and rolled with the traffic roller, in advance of the application of the prime.

512 Sanding

The prime base shall be covered by a light uniform application of cover material. If considered necessary for proper distribution of spread, the cover material shall be lightly dragged with a drag broom, after it shall be rolled with a traffic roller, for at least ten passes over the entire area.

513 Application of Tack Coat

General. Where a bituminous surface is to be laid and a tack coat is required, the tack coat shall be applied as specified herein below.

514 Method of Application

The tack coat shall be applied with a pressure distributor except that on small job, if approved by the Engineer, application may be by other mechanical device or by hand methods. The bituminous material shall be heated to a suitable temperature as designated by the Engineer and shall be applied in a thin, uniform layer.

515 Rate of Application

The rate of application shall be between 0.02 and 0.08 gallon per square yard.

516 Curing and Time of Application

The Engineer will designate the curing period for the tack coat. The tack coat shall be applied sufficiently in advance of the laying of the bituminous mix to permit drying but shall not be applied so far in advance that it might lose its adhesiveness as a result of being covered with dust or other foreign material.

517 Protection

The tack coat surface shall be kept free from traffic until the subsequent layer of bituminous hot mix has been laid.

SECTION 600 - BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

601 Description

The work specified in this Section consists of the construction or a wearing surface composed of separate applications of bituminous material covered with aggregate, either in single application, double (alternate) application.

602 Composition and Proportioning

The composition and proportioning for the bituminous surface treatment and for mineral seal coat, shall be as shown in the table shown below:

603 Proportions for Bituminous Surface Treatments_______________________________________Application Cover Bituminous Material Material (Ft.3 / S.Y.) (Gal. / S.Y.) Stone Asphalt Emulsified Cement Asphalt______________________________________First 0.42 - 0.46 0.18 - 0.22 0.22 - 0.36Second 0.18 - 0.24 0.26 - 0.31 0.31 - 0.37

604 Materials

General Materials Specifications

The materials used shall conform to the following requirements:

(1) Bituminous materialAsphalt cement, viscosity grade AC-5

Emulsified asphalt, grade RC -2

Cut-back asphalt, grade RC-3000

(2) Cover materials stone or slag ....... Section 800

The contractor may use cut-back asphalt or emulsified asphalt in lieu of asphalt cement, at his option.

605 Equipment

Pressure Distributor. The pressure distributor shall meet the requirements to be determined.

606 Rollers

The rollers used for this surfacing shall be 3 - 5 ton steels tires (or combination steel and rubber tire) rollers, self- propelled, pneumatic tired traffic type rollers equipment with at least seven smooth-tread, low pressure tires and capable of carrying a gross load of at least eight tons. The inflation of the tires shall be maintained such that in no two tires shall the air pressure vary more than five pounds per square inch. The traffic roller shall be loaded as directed by the Engineer.

607 Limitations to Width of Application

The application of bituminous and cover materials shall be over the entire width to be treated unless, in the opinion of the Engineer, traffic conditions are not suitable for full-width application, in which case the application shall be confined to one side of the road at one time over such area as the economical distribution of material from one delivery point will permit, leaving the opposite side open for traffic.

608 Preparation of Road Surface

Cleaning. The surface to be covered shall be swept clean and free of sand, dirt, dust and other deleterious material, by means of mechanical rotary sweepers, hand brooms or other approved methods, and shall be free from moisture.

609 Condition of Underlying Surface

Where a prime coat had previously been applied to the surface no bituminous material shall be applied until the prime coat has become thoroughly cured, as determined by the Engineer. Surface treatment shall not be applied over any pavement mixture when, due to heat from the sun or insufficient length of the curing period, the stability of the existing pavement is such as to allow penetration or displacement of the existing surface by the cover material during the rolling operations.

610 Limitations to Application

The area to be covered by any one application of bituminous material shall not be greater than can be covered with the aggregate without interruption due to limitations of hauling and spreading equipment or to any other cause.

For double application surface treatments, the second application of bituminous and cover materials shall be applied the same day as the first application, as far as is practicable and consistent with the curing requirements.

611 Spreading Cover Material

Spreading. The spreading of the cover material shall follow immediately after each application of bituminous material. The cover material shall be distributed uniformly over the bituminous surface in one or two courses, as specified. Spreading shall be done by means of approved mechanical spreaders. Only experienced in this type of work shall be used in driving the spreaders (or trucks, when towed spreaders are used). Trucks or spreaders shall not be driven on the uncovered bituminous material.

612 Double Application

For double application the cover material shall be distributed alternately over the bituminous surface in two separate courses. The coarse size shall be applied immediately after the first application of bituminous material and shall be distributed uniformly, in an amount that will cover the surface completely with a single layer of material. The first application shall then be broomed as needed to obtain a uniform surface, assuring and then rolled. After the first application of bituminous material shall be made and immediately thereafter the fine size cover material shall be distributed uniformly over the surface in the quantity specified, or in an amount which will fill completely the voids of the first application. The fine size cover material shall then be broomed as needed to secure a smooth and uniform surface, and shall then be rolled as specified.

613 Brooming and Dressing

Immediately after each application of cover material experienced and skilled workmen shall broom the surface in order to secure a uniform distribution of cover material and a smooth surface. Additional aggregate shall be placed by hand on any areas not properly covered. If deemed necessary, the surface shall then be dragged with a light drag broom or other dragging equipment approved by the Engineer, of a type that will not disturb the embedded aggregate. This operation shall be supplemented by additional hand brooming until a smooth and even surface is required. The dragging and brooming shall be repeated, in conjunction with the rolling, for as long as required, to ensure a uniform surface. These dragging requirements shall apply for each application of cover material.

614 Rolling and Curing

General Requirements. Immediately after the spreading and dragging of each application of cover material the entire surface shall be rolled. The rolling shall begin within 30 minutes after the spreading of cover material. Rolling shall begin at the edges and progress to the center of the surface, uniformly lapping each preceding track and covering thoroughly the entire surface. During rolling, additional dragging and hand brooming shall be done as specified.

Rolling shall first be done with a traffic roller, followed immediately with a steel-wheeled roller. The entire surface shall be covered one time with the steel-wheeled roller. The cover material shall then be again rolled.

The rolling shall be continued as long as is necessary to ensure thorough keying of the cover material into the bituminous material and to secure a uniformly closed surface.

615 Omission of Steel-tired Roller

Over stabilized bases or where the surface to be covered is irregular, rolling with the steel-tired roller may be omitted, if so directed by the traffic.

616 Surface Requirements

The finished surface shall be uniform and shall conform to the lines, grades and typical cross section. Any portions of the completed surface which are defective, not properly finished, have fat joints, or are not in reasonably close conformance with these specifications, shall be replaced with a satisfactory surface laid in accordance with these specifications. In this care no compensation will be made for the replaced surfaces.

617 Protection

After the application of bituminous material, traffic shall not be allowed to use the road until the cover material has been placed and thoroughly rolled. If practicable, traffic shall be kept off the finished surface for the first 48 hours after finishing is completed. Where it is impracticable to keep traffic off the finished surface for such period, traffic shall be restricted to a maximum speed of 15 miles per hour during this time. For this purpose the Contractor shall furnish and maintain suitable barricades and lights, and shall provide watchmen and vehicles to lead traffic through the sections of the roadway being protected. At least two such watchmen shall be kept on duty continuously during this 48 - hour restricted periods and the number shall be sufficient to assure enforcement of the 15 mile per hour maximum speed.

SECTION 700 - ASPHALTIC CONCRETE AND SAND BITUMEN

A. ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

701 Description

This Sections specifies the materials and the composition for asphaltic concrete

702 Material

General Specifications. The materials used shall conform to the requirements specified for the following:

(1) Asphaltic Cement viscosity grade AC-20(2) Mineral filler(3) Coarse Aggregate, Stone or Slag(4) Fine Aggregate

All materials shipped to the asphalt plant will be sampled at their destination.

703 Specified Requirements

Conditions of Aggregate. The aggregate shall be clean and shall contain no deleterious substances. Coarse or fine aggregate containing any appreciable amount of phosphate shall not be used.

704 Fine Aggregate and Mineral Filler

In laboratory tests, and for the purpose of proportioning the pavement mixture, all material passing the No. 10 sieve and retained on the No. 200 sieve shall be considered as fine aggregate and the material passing the No. 200 sieve shall be considered as mineral filler.

705 Screening

Any screenings used in the combination of aggregates shall contain not more than 15 percent of material passing the No. 200 sieve. When two screenings are blended to produce the screening component of the aggregate, one of such screenings may contain up to 18 percent of material passing the No. 200 sieve. Screenings may be washed to meet these requirements.

706 Permissible Variation for the Coarse Aggregate

The design of the mixture shall be based on the use of Grade 16S Coarse aggregate as specified for the coarse aggregates. If, however, after the design has been established, aggregate shipped to the job fails to meet the foregoing gradation requirements yet such aggregate, when blended with other aggregate for the mix, will produce an aggregate combination falling within the design gradation tolerances, the aggregate will be acceptable on this basis. No variation from the maximum size will be permitted.

707 General Composition of Mixture

The aggregate shall be so graded, and the prescribed constituents (prepared as hereinafter set out) shall be combined in such proportions, as to produce a mixture conforming to the general composition limits as shown in the table below for mineral aggregate combination.

Oversize aggregate shall be restricted by scalping screens having an opening of 7/8 inch square.

Where hand placing and finishing of asphaltic concrete is permitted for small and irregular areas, such as turnouts, crossovers, acceleration and deceleration lanes, the portion of the coarse aggregate retained on the No. 4 sieve may be omitted from the mixture and the percent by weight of the coarse aggregate passing No. 4 sieve and retained on the No. 10 sieve shall be as discussed below.

For the percentages shown in the design mix for the total material retained on the No. 10 sieve and for the total material passing the No. 10 sieve, a tolerance of four percent will be allowed from the percentage specified as the design mix.

Passing Sieve Retained on Sieve

TolerancesPer Cent by Weight

2 in.3/8 in.

3/8 in.No. 4

55

Table 1

Constituent

Passing Sieve

Retained on Sieve

% Passing by weight

Coarse Aggregate

3/4" 2" 100

2" 3/8" 88-100

3/8" No. 4 75-93

No. 4 No. 10 47-75

Fine Aggregate

Filler

No. 10No. 40No. 80No. 200

No. 40No. 80No. 200

31-5319-357-212-6

For Total Mix

Total Mineral Aggregate Asphalt Content

--

--

91 - 955 - 9

Total Mix - - 100

MARSHALL DESIGN PROPERTIES

Min. Marshall Stability (lbs)

Flowx( 0.01 in.)

Min.VMA(%)

Air Voids (%)

Min. EffectiveAsphalt Content(%)

1500 8-14 14 3-5 5.0

No. 4No. 10No. 40

No. 10No. 40No. 80

4320.4

FORMULA FOR JOB MIX

Samples for the Job Mix

No asphaltic construction shall be started on the project until the Engineer has approved the design of the job-mix formula from the samples of all materials to be used. Samples of materials proposed to be used shall be prepared by the Contractor for examination by the Engineer at least 14 days before plant operations are to begin. The work of preparing and testing of the job-mix formula shall be carried out in a laboratory approved by the Engineer.

Modifications to Master Ranges

The general composition limits prescribed in 607 are master ranges of tolerance to govern mixtures made from any materials meeting the specifications and are the maximum and minimum for all cases.

Allowable Tolerances

After the job-mix formula has been established, the mixture shall meet the approved formula for the project within the following allowable tolerances (which are the maximum for any materials and may be applied only within the limits of the general composition range):

Materials Exceeding Master Range

After the design mix has been established from the materials submitted to the designated Laboratory all materials shipped to the plant or used in the mix shall not vary from the gradation of materials upon which the design was based, sufficiently to cause the mix to fall outside the master range. Any materials which would cause the mix to fall outside these tolerances shall be rejected for use in the mix.

Materials Requiring Adjustment of Bituminous Material Content

Job materials found to have characteristic requiring a content of bituminous material less than is indicated in the formula prescribed in 607 will be rejected, or shall be adjusted to provide a blend which will produce a balanced mixture under the terms of the formula. Where job materials otherwise meeting specifications are found (because of highly absorptive or other special characteristics) to produce an acceptable balanced mix only if the bituminous material content is increased over the amount specified, the materials may be accepted provided that the job mix is adjusted to require the use of such increased amount of bituminous material.

Laboratory-Compacted Density

The laboratory-compacted mixture shall have a density of not less than 95 nor more than 98 percent of the calculated theoretical density of a voidless mixture composed of the same materials in like proportions.

Sampling of the Mixture in Use

Samples of the mixture in use will be taken as many times daily as is necessary and the mixture shall be maintained uniform throughout the project within the specified tolerances.

Change in Sources of Supply for Materials

If an additional source of supply for materials is approved, the job-mix formula will be re-designed by the designated Laboratory.

B. SAND BITUMEN

709 Definitions

Sand bitumen means a thorough controlled hot-mixed hot-laid plant mixture of dried sand and penetration grade bitumen which when compacted forms a dense material.

710 Materials for Sand Bitumen

(a) Asphalt Cement Viscosity Grade AC-20

(b) Sand

Sand shall be material passing the 6.35 mm (3@) sieve free from clay, organic and deleterious material and shall be non-plastic.

(c) Mineral Filler

Mineral filler shall consist of finely ground particles of limestone, hydrated lime, ordinary Portland cement or other non-plastic matter as approved by the Engineer. It shall be thoroughly dry and free from lumps. At least 75% (by weight) shall pass a 75-micron sieve and 100% shall pass a 0.425 mm sieve. It shall have a bulk density in toluene measured in accordance with B.S. 812 of between 5 and 9 Lb./gal.

711 Grading Requirements

The grading of sand aggregate plus filler shall be within the grading envelope given in the Table 2.

The sand shall have a minimum Uniformity Coefficient of 5.

Table 2

Sieve % passing by weight

2@d@No. 4No. 10No. 40No. 80No.20

10088 - 10060 - 9040 - 7020 - 4510 - 30 2 - 6

713 Bituminous Materials

Asphalt Cement

The grades of asphalt cement shall conform to the requirements given in the following table Spot test (when and as specified). See note below.Standard with Naphtha Solvent - Negative for all gradesNaphtha - xylene Solvent - percent Xylene - Negative for all gradesHeptane - Xylene Solvent - percent Xylene - Negative for all grades.

Note: The use of the spot test is optional. When it is specified the engineer shall indicate whether the standard naphtha solvent, the naphtha-xylene solvents, or the Heptane-xylene solvent will be used in determining

Requirement for Asphaltic Cement

Test Viscosity GradeAC - 20

Min. Max.

Viscosity, 140 o F (60o C), poises 2,000+ 400

Viscosity, 275o F (135o C), Cs 300 -

Penetration 77o F (25o C) 100 gm, 5 sec 60 70

Flash Point, COC, o F 450 -

Solubility in Trichloroethylene, % 99.0 -

Tests on Residue from Thin Film Oven Test:

Viscosity Ratio = Visc. 140o F after TFOT= Visc. 140o F before TFOT - 4

Ductility, 77o F ( 25o C) 5 Cm. per min., Cm. 80 -

AC - 20 [Viscosity 140 O F (poises) ]

Percentage of Original Payment

1600 - 24001500 - 1599 or 2401 - 25001375 - 1499 or 2501 - 2625Less than 1375 or greater than 2625

1009080No payment or to be removed and replaced at the discretion of the Engineer

compliance with this percentage, and also is the case of xylene solvent, the percentage of xylene to be used. Material failing to meet the viscosity requirements (140 oF) shown above will be paid for at reduced rates as shown in the table below.

Certification as to viscosity shall be submitted for all viscosity -grade materials delivered to the project.

For viscosity grade AC-20, silicone shall be added to the asphalt cement at the rate to 25 cubic centimeters of silicone mixed to each 5,000 gallons of asphalt cement. If a dispersing fluid is used in conjunction with the silicones, the resultant mixture containing the full 25 cubic centimeters shall be added, in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.

The blending of silicone mixture with the asphalt cement shall be done by the producer prior to shipment. The producer shall furnish a certificates indicating compliance with the above requirements.

714 Cut-Back Asphalt, Rapid-Curing Types

Rapid curing cut back asphalt shall conform with the requirements of AASHTO M 81 except that the penetration range shall be from 60 -120 instead of 80-120.

For grade RC-3000, in addition to the requirements shown in Table 1 of AASHTO M 81 the following values shall be added to the requirements for Distillation Test.

Distillate, Percentage by volume of total distillate to 680o F

Grade RC - 3000Maximum

to 320o Fto 374o Fto 437o F

01040

All other requirements for the Distillation Test (and for other properties included in the Table) shall be shown in Table 1 of AASHTO M 81.

The penetration test will be made in accordance with AASHTO T 49.

715 Cut-Back Asphalt, Medium -Curing Types

These materials shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 82

716 Emulsified Asphalt

These materials shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 140 (for Anionic) and M 208 (for Cationic). The viscosity requirements for Grades RS-2, SS-1, and SS-IH to be used as tack coat shall not apply.

SECTION 800 - MINERAL FILLER

801 Composition

Mineral filler shall consist, in general, of rock dust, Portland cement, slag dust, hydrated lime, or any other inert mineral matter from sources approved by the Engineer. The mineral filler should be thoroughly dry and free from lumps consisting of aggregations of fine particles. Ground phosphate will not be allowed as mineral filler. Stone or slag screening may also be used as filler material for asphaltic concrete mixtures, under the provisions specified below.

802 Gradation

The mineral filler shall meet the following gradation requirements:Description PercentTotal passing No. 30 sieve - 100Total passing No. 80 sieve - 95 (min)Total passing No. 200 sieve - 65 (min)

803 Provision for Use of Coarser Filler Material

Process screening from stone or slag, having a coarser gradation than as specified above, may also be used as filler material provided the particular product, and the source thereof, are approved by the Engineer and that the material meets the following requirements:

(a) All of the material shall pass the No. 10 sieve, and not more than 35 % shall pass the No. 200 sieve.

(b) The material passing the No. 200 sieve shall be free from organic impurities, and not more than 4.0% of such consist of clay minerals. The plasticity index of the material passing the No. 200 sieve shall not exceed 4.

(c)For the stone or slag material from which the screening are produced the loss, when subjected to the Los Angeles Abrasion Test, shall not exceed 45%.

804 Coarse Aggregate.General. Stone for coarse crushed aggregates shall be obtained from any proven satisfactory [] quarries or from any other quarries approves by the Engineer.

All coarse aggregate shall be washed and shall be free from disintegrated pieces, salt, alkali, vegetable matter and adherent coatings. The weight of extraneous substances shall not exceed the following:

Coal and lignite - 1.00Coal lumps - 0.05Soft fragments - 10.00Cinders and clinkers - 0.50Free Shells - 1.00Sticks (wet) - 0.03Material passing the no. 200 sieve -1.75

In addition, the sum of the percentages of all substances listed above shall not exceed ten.

805 Gravel

Stone shall be composed of clean, durable rock. The loss, when the stone is subjected to the Los Angeles Abrasion Test, shall not exceed 45%, except that for stone used in bituminous surface treatments the loss shall not exceed 40%.

The stone shall also comply with the soundness requirements as set out in AASHTO M 80; however, the test for soundness shall be made at the option of the Engineer.

The following additional limitations shall apply for stone used as aggregate in all asphaltic concrete used as a wearing coarse.

Pre-Cenozoic limestones and dolomites shall not be used as crushed-stone aggregates, either coarse or fine, for wearing courses of asphaltic concrete surface courses.

806 Grades of Coarse Aggregate

The gradations for the various grades of coarse aggregate are as shown in the following table:

807 Coarse Aggregate Gradation

Square Mesh Sieves

Percent by Weight Passing

: inch2 inchd inchNo. 4No. 10No. 16

10090 - 10070 - 9030 - 500 - 80 - 5

Percent by weight of coarse aggregate passing square - opening laboratory sieves.

The above gradations represent the extreme limits for the various sizes indicated which will be used in determining the suitability for use of coarse aggregate from all sources of supply. For any grade from any one source, the gradation shall be held reasonably uniform and not subject to the extreme percentages of gradation specified above.

Any natural sand portion of the fine aggregate other than screening shall be siliceous and shall contain not more than 10% of material passing the No. 200 sieve.

Fine aggregate containing more than 1.00 % of phosphate shall not be used.This fine aggregate, when tested by means of laboratory sieves, shall meet the following requirements.

808 Fine Aggregate

Fine Aggregate for Cement Concrete

Composition. This fine aggregate shall consist of approved sand composed only or hard, strong, durable uncoated grains.

All fine aggregate shall be reasonably free from lumps of clay, soft or flaky particles, salt, alkali, organic matter, loam or other extraneous substances. The weight of extraneous substances shall not exceed the following percentages:

Material passing the no. 200 sieve 4.0Shale 1.0Coal and lignite 1.0Clay Lumps 1.0Cinders and clinkers 0.5

In addition, the sum of the percentages of all materials listed in the above table shall not exceed five.

809 Test Requirements

The fine aggregate shall be subjected to the calorimeter test for organic impurities, and if the color produced is darker than the standard solution, the aggregate shall be rejected unless it can be shown by appropriate tests that the impurities causing the color are not of a type that would be detrimental to the concrete. Such tests shall be in accordance with AASHTO Methods T 71 and M 6.

Passing Sieve

Retained on Sieve

Percentage by Weight

No. 4No. 4No. 10No. 40No. 80No. 200

------No. 10No. 40No. 80No. 200-------

90 - 1000 - 1515 - 5025 - 608 - 400 - 10

810 Gradation

Sand. Fine aggregate shall be reasonably well-grades, from coarse to fine and when tested by means of laboratory sieve, it shall meet the following requirements, in percent of total weight:

Total Retrained on:Sieve PercentNo. 4 0 to 5No. 8 0 to 15No. 16 3 to 35No. 30 30 to 75No. 50 65 to 95No. 100 93 to 100

The above gradation represents the extreme limits which will be used in determining the suitability for use from all sources of supply. The gradation from any one source shall be reasonable uniform, and not subject to the extreme range of gradation specified above. For the purpose of determining the degree of uniformity a fineness modulus determination shall be made upon representative samples, submitted by the Contractor, from such sources as he proposed to use.

Fine aggregate from any one source, having a variation in fineness modulus greater than 0.20 either way from the fineness modulus of the representative sample submitted by the Contractor, may be rejected.

811 Fine Aggregate for Asphaltic Concrete Surface Course

Composition. This fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, stone screening, slag screening, or a combination thereof, composed of clean, tough, angular grains, free from clay, loam and other foreign matter. As delivered to the mixer it shall be free from clayey lumps or loosely bonded aggregations and the individual particles shall be free from adhering dust. Stone or slag screening shall be produced from material complying with the abrasion requirements specified for coarse aggregate. The following additional limitation shall apply for stone used as aggregate in all asphaltic concrete used as a wearing course.

Source of Material. The areas or other sources for obtaining this fine aggregate shall be furnished by the Contractor

Gradation Requirements. Any screening used in the combination of aggregate shall contain not more than 15% of material passing the no. 200 sieve and. if necessary to meet this requirement, they shall be washed.

SECTION 900 - CONCRETE

901 CONCRETE COMPONENTS902 CEMENT903 STORAGE OF CEMENT904 FINE AGGREGATE905 COARSE AGGREGATE906 GRADATION OF AGGREGATES907 STORAGE OF AGGREGATES908 WATER FOR CONCRETE MIX909 CONCRETE CLASSES910 TEST CUBES911 CUBE FAILURE912 CONSISTENCY913 WATER/CEMENT RATIO914 MIXING OF CONCRETE915 PLACING OF CONCRETE916 PREPARATION OF EXISTING CONCRETE SURFACES

901 Concrete Components

Concrete shall consist of cement, graded aggregate and water thoroughly mixed, placed and compacted.

902 Cement

All cement used in the works shall be Ordinary Portland Cement to B.S. 12 Part 2 unless otherwise specified. The cement used shall be obtained from manufacturers approved in writing by the Engineer.

903 Storage of Cement

The cement shall be delivered to the site of the works in properly sealed bags and must be protected from the weather during transit by effective coverings. The Contractor shall provide at his own cost perfectly weatherproof and well-ventilated sheds having a floor raised at least 450 mm above ground. Cement that has been damaged in transit or contain lumps shall not be used in the Permanent Works.

904 Fine Aggregate

Fine aggregates for concrete shall be clean white sand complying with B.S. 882 - 1201.

905 Coarse Aggregate

Coarse aggregate for concrete shall comply with B.S. 882-1201. Coarse aggregate may be either natural gravel or broken stone and shall be obtained from quarries, pits or other sources approved by the Engineer. The aggregates shall be free from clay, earth or other organic or similar material.

906 Gradation of Aggregates

The grading of coarse aggregate by analysis shall be within the limits laid down in B.S. 882 - 1201, Table 1. Should an analysis of the grain size of the material show a deficiency of any particular size such as to affect the density of concrete, the Engineer may require the Contractor to add such quantity of aggregate of the particular size that he may deem advisable. In every case, the material shall, when mixed with sand produce a well-graded mixture from the largest to the smallest size specified to ensure that concrete of high density shall be produced.

907 Storage of Aggregates

All sand and aggregates for concrete shall be stored on close fitting timber, steel or concrete stages of approved design with drainage slopes or in bins of substantial construction in such a manner as to prevent segregation of sizes and to avoid the inclusion of dirt and other foreign matter in the concrete.

908 Water for Concrete

Clean fresh water is to be used for the mixing of all concrete and is to be from a source approved by the Engineer.

909 Concrete Classes

The classes of concrete to be used in the Works shall be as shown on the Drawings and Bills of Quantities. Preliminary tests are to be carried out jointly by the Contractor and the Engineer to determine the mixes which will satisfy the specification. Trial mixes shall be prepared under full scale conditions and tested in accordance with B.S. 1881.

910 Test Cubes

Test cubes shall be made, cured, stored, transported and tested in accordance with B.S. 1881. Samples of concrete shall be taken at random as directed by the Engineer from each sample two cubes shall be made and marked for testing at 7 days and 28 days.

911 Cube Failure

Should any test cube fail to attain the specified strength an immediate examination shall be made to find the cause of the failure and where necessary the concrete section corresponding to the cubes cut out and replaced.

912 Consistency

The concrete shall be of such consistency that it can be readily transported, placed and compacted in the works without segregation of the materials. The resulting concrete shall be free from honey-combing.

913 Water/Cement Ratio

The water-cement ratio for the various classes of concrete shall be determined by trial mixes and in no case shall the water-cement ratio used is allowed to exceed by more than 10% of those determined by trail mixes. Efficient means shall be provided for determining the moisture content of the sand and coarse aggregate at all times.

914 Mixing of Concrete

The aggregate and cement shall be proportioned by means of efficient mechanical mixers. The mixers shall be carefully maintained and cleaned and they shall be provided with a simple and convenient means of checking the weighing mechanism. Ready-mix concrete may be used subject to the approval of the Engineer.

915 Placing of Concrete

The concrete shall be deposited as nearly as possible in its final position without rehandling or segregation. Where possible bottom opening skips shall be used and concrete should not be dropped through a greater height than 1.5 m. Placing of concrete under water will not be permitted.

916 Preparation of Existing Concrete Surfaces

Surfaces to which concrete is to be placed shall be cleared of all loose material and clay particles by compressed air and water jets. Existing concrete surfaces should be thoroughly roughened so that no smooth skin of concrete that may be left from the previous work is visible. The area should then be covered with a layer of cement mortar slurry prior to placing new concrete or use can be made of a suitable epoxy approved by the Engineer.

SECTION 1000 - REINFORCEMENT

1001 STEEL TYPE1002 BAR BENDING1003 BAR PLACING1004 CLEANING1005 ADDITIONAL DRAWINGS AND SCHEDULES

1001 Bar Type

Steel reinforcement shall comply with B.S. 4449 "hot rolled steel bars for reinforced concrete". The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with copies of the manufacturer's certificates of tests for the steel reinforcement to be supplied.

1002 Bar Bending

Bars shall be bent cold in a manner that will not injure the material. Where splices or overlapping in reinforcement are required, the bars shall have an overlap of not less than 30 diameters where a U-hook is employed on each of the overlapping bars and 45 diameters for bars without hooks. Welding of reinforcing bars will not be permitted.

1003 Bar Placing

The number, size, form and position of all steel reinforcement bars, ties, links, stirrups and other parts of the reinforcement shall be in accordance with the drawings and they shall be kept in correct position at the required cover without displacement during the process of compacting the concrete. The Contractor shall provide all the necessary distance pieces and spacer blocks at his

own cost to maintain the reinforcement in the correct position. Bars shall be bound together with No. 16 S.W.G. binding wire twisted tight with pliers with the free ends bent inwards.

1004 Cleaning

Before any steel reinforcement is embedded in the concrete any loose mill scale, loose rust, oil, grease or other deleterious matter shall be removed. Partially set concrete which may adhere to the exposed bars during concreting operations shall likewise be removed. Bars with reduced cross-section due to excessive rusting will be rejected.

1005 Additional Drawings & Schedules

The Contractor will be provided with bending schedules detailing the reinforcement required for the Permanent Works. All further working drawings and lists of reinforcement necessary to carry out the works shall be provided by the Contractor.

SECTION 1100- FORMWORK

1101 FORMWORK DESIGN1102 EASE OF REMOVAL1103 PREPARATION FOR CONCRETE1104 TIME BEFORE STRIPPING

1101 Formwork Design

The Contractor shall submit for approval of the Engineer details of the methods and materials proposed for formwork to each section of the work. Formwork shall be constructed from sound materials of sufficient strength, properly braced, strutted and shored as to ensure rigidity throughout the placing and compaction of the concrete without visible deflection. Carpenters should be on standby during pouring of concrete to make any adjustments to formwork if necessary.

1102 Ease of Removal

Formwork shall be constructed so that it can be removed easily without shock or vibration to the concrete. No part of any metal tie or spacer remaining permanently embedded in the concrete shall be nearer than 75 mm to the finished surface and the cavity shall be so formed as to permit satisfactory filling with cement mortar. All joints shall be close fitting to prevent leakage of grout and at construction joints the formwork shall be tightly secured against previously cast or hardened concrete to prevent stepping or ridges to exposed surfaces.

1103 Preparation of Concrete

Before concrete is placed the formwork shall be thoroughly cleared and freed from sawdust, shaving dust or other debris. After cleaning, the formwork shall be coated with an approved release agent which shall not be allowed to run on to the reinforcement or other embedded steelwork or concrete.

1104 Time Before Stripping

No formwork shall be removed until the concrete has gained sufficient strength to support itself. Normally, vertical forms may be removed after 7 days and soffit forms after 28 days.

SECTION 1200- LANDFILL

1201 Site Formation1202 Phasing1203 Site Infrastructure1204 Landfill Liner1205 Landfill Operations1206 Bad Weather Landfill Operations1207 Waste Reception1208 Leachate Management1209 Landfill Gas Management1210 Volume and density of Waste1211 Surface Water Management1212 Groundwater Management1213 Nuisance Avoidance1214 Environmental and Operational Monitoring1215 Environmental and Pollution Control Requirements1216 Materials Use and Recovery1217 Final Cap1218 Landscape Work1219 Landfill Aftercare

1200 Site Formation

Advance Works. The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out such work as is necessary to the final earthwork levels to produce the site formation configuration, measurements, and slopes as designed as specified under this Contract.

Base and Surface Slopes. The Contractor shall maintain a slope of no less than 2 percent and no more than 4 percent along the compacted base of the landfill cells, on the compacted surface of each intermittent landfill layer of cells, and along the compacted surface of the final cover so as to ensure drainage of leachate and/or surface water and minimize erosion.

Side Slopes. The Contractor shall maintain side slopes on the compacted landfill cells of no more than 35% (about 1 measurement vertical for each 3 measurements horizontal) so as to ensure slope stability. If local seismic and/or geotechnical conditions require gentler slopes than 35%, the Contract shall be responsible for determining this design requirement and avoiding slope failure. Mitigative measures for slope stabilization, such as use of geotextiles, shall be employed by the Contractor to the extent needed to ensure slope stability. Slopes shall be inspected by suitably experienced and qualified persons employed by the Contractor on a regular basis to avoid slope failure or distress. Precautions are to be carried out by the Contractor as needed during periods of heavy rainfall.

1201 Phasing

Works Phasing with Operations. The Contractor shall conduct all Works so as to enable the continuation of uninterrupted disposal operations at the Disposal Facility. Works shall be

conducted in such a manner that collection vehicles are not delayed at the Disposal Facility from unloading and returning to their collection routes. The Contractor shall prepare a new area of landfill cell development immediately after undertaking the Contract such that the existing area can be cleared and enable construction of the extended Access Road through to [].

Landfill Cell Construction. Each landfill cell shall be sized to minimize the exposed working face of uncovered solid waste material, and thus the potential for adverse environmental and health impacts from such uncovered wastes. Restoration and Aftercare shall be phased in line with operations, planting seasons, and progressive completion of landfill cells so as to minimize adverse visual and environmental impacts.

Phasing of Works and Operations shall be conducted to minimize materials handling, materials stockpiling, double handling, adverse visual impact, noise during evening or other rest periods.

Blasting shall be minimized at the Site, and no blasting shall be conducted on Sundays or public holidays. All activities likely to produce significant noise, dust, or other nuisance shall be conducted at times so as to minimize public discomfort.

1202 Site Infrastructure

Buildings. The Disposal Facility shall have a Site Office for supervision, recordkeeping, staff meetings, review of designs and specifications, public education, and meals. The Office shall be equipped with computers for word processing and analytical spreadsheets. The Disposal Facility shall have a truck washing facility for all vehicles to be washed before leaving the Facility. There shall be a sanitary block and set of changing rooms for the Facility’s workers. The Contractor shall fully equip and furnish these infrastructure units, provide all plumbing and electrical connections, and maintain full utility services to these units (including water supply, electricity, and telephone)

Perimeter Control. The Contractor shall construct and maintain perimeter control over the Disposal Site so that no unauthorized persons or animals shall gain entrance to the Site or remove materials or goods from the Site. This shall include a competent perimeter fence, gatehouse, and guard system. The Contractor shall take all reasonable measures to prevent trespassing on the Site. Scavenging shall be allowed only by Registered (Adult) Waste Pickers and according to rules prescribed by the City.

Supplies. The Contractor shall provide storage for fuel, lubricants, water, spare parts, and other necessary consumables required for uninterrupted landfill operations.

Communications. The Contractor shall provide and maintain open channels of communication that are accessible to the public (such as telephones) and to the City supervisors, inspectors and officials (such as radios). Such services shall enable the general public to readily log complaints and shall enable a rapid response to emergency situations.

Lighting. The Contractor shall provide lighting in all areas of operations, including the landfill working face, truck washing operations, and entrance gate during night hours of operations. The lighting shall be adequate to fully enable operations to be conducted safely during the night.

1203 Landfill Liner

On-site Soil Liner Preparation. The landfill liner shall be constructed by grading and compacting the on-site clayey soil materials to meet the technical specifications of slope and compaction at optimum moisture to minimize permeability and infiltration. The City recognizes that the on-site soils are compressible and will, in time, consolidate unevenly under the weight of the overlying landfill cells, such that creation of underdrainage for leachate is not technically viable.

1204 Landfill Operations

Tipping Face. The Contractor shall provide a well-defined tipping face for disposal of Waste. The width of the tipping face shall be dimensioned to minimize the measurements of exposed solid waste while also providing sufficient width for the number of vehicles likely to be at the tipping face during peak hours. The angle of the tipping slope in each daily landfill cell shall be no steeper than 1(V) on 5(h).

Good Weather Operations. The Contractor shall conduct landfilling by the area method during dry or otherwise good weather conditions. The area method of landfilling involves placement of a layer of compacted refuse equivalent to one day’s refuse on the base of the landfill, and building up the landfill cell by cell, layer by layer. Trucks unloading their waste drive directly along the landfill base, on a prepared interior road, to the working face of each cell. A layer of cover is applied at the end of each workday.

Bad Weather Operations. The Contractor shall conduct landfilling by the ramp method during wet or otherwise bad weather conditions. The ramp method of landfilling involves dropping waste from a ramp-unloading platform onto the base of the landfill located below the ramp. Trucks unloading their waste drive only on the ramp, while only landfill equipment works on the landfill cell below. A layer of cover is applied at the end of each workday.

Windblown Litter Control. The Contractor shall construct and daily use a portable fence designed to block and capture windblown litter from the working face of the landfill. The portable fence shall be constructed of heavy metal frames with mesh screens of adequate size and number to be placed adjacent to all active tipping and landfill cells to catch windblown litter. The fencing shall be cleared daily of all litter caught on its screens and nets.

Roads to be Kept Clean. The Contractor shall ensure that no vehicle or mobile plant leaves the Disposal Facility with mud, debris or waste on it that may drop or be deposited on the public roads, adjacent property, or private right of way. The Contractor shall sweep and keep clean at all times the Access Road between the Facility entrance and the nearest main street junction.

Drains to be Kept Clean. The Contractor shall, at all times, ensure that no materials and wastes shall be discharged or allowed to be discharged into a drain, including those open channels along the Access Road and around the perimeter of the Disposal Facility, which is likely to impede the free-flow of water therein, cause damage to the drain or channel, create an aesthetic nuisance or damage any person. The Contractor shall be responsible for the maintenance of flow of drainage within the Site and at the edge of the Site, as well as in drains and channels along the Access Road. Such maintenance shall include clearing blockage of underground pipes, removing floating materials, and desilting channels, pipes and drainage chambers.

Litter Patrol. The Contractor shall patrol daily the Access Roads and [], within a radius of [] around the Disposal Site, for purposes of finding and collecting all litter and waste material falling or spilling from collection vehicles or windblown from the Disposal Facility.

1205 Waste Reception

Acceptance of Only Permitted Wastes. The Contractor shall scrutinize all Wastes arriving at the Disposal Facility to ensure that only Permitted Wastes shall enter the Site. No Hazardous Wastes, Abattoir Wastes, Bulky Wastes, Animal Carcasses, or Excrement Wastes shall be permitted. The City shall identify procedures and sites for the safe disposal of these Wastes and require all Generators and their Designated Haulers to use such sites.

Gate Records. The Contractor shall develop and maintain a list of all vehicles bringing wastes to the Disposal Facility, recording each vehicle’s identification number, time of arrival, driver, time of departure, and size of the load. The Contractor shall allow the City and its authorized representatives full access to view all vehicles bringing wastes and obtain all gate records, as needed by them for the conduct of their work.

1206 Leachate Management

Leachate Collection. Leachate will be drained from the landfill cells to the perimeter drainage channels by gravity flow along the compacted base of the landfill. The drainage channels shall be constructed to be sufficiently lower in elevation than the base of the landfill so as to encourage leachate to flow into these channels. The City recognizes that the compressible on-site soils will not allow the slope of the landfill base to be maintained over the life of the Disposal Facility and that some leachate will migrate into the groundwater. For this reason, this Disposal Facility is an interim measure only, until a new Sanitary Landfill is sited and implemented.

Leachate Management. The Contractor shall minimize the generation of leachate through optimum compaction and cover of waste, minimize the head of leachate above the landfill liner and/or base at any time, minimize the potential for perched leachate within the landfill cells, prevent surface ponding of leachate on the base of the landfill, and encourage the direction and flow of leachate into the drainage channel system for leachate collection. No leachate treatment is planned for this interim landfill. Leachate within the open channels shall be pumped onto the surface of completed landfill cells during dry weather so as to recirculate to encourage optimum landfill biodecomposition activity within the landfill cells.

1207 Landfill Gas Management

Landfill Gas Ventilation. Landfill gas ventilation wells shall be developed within the landfill cells, at least one ventilation well every one hectare of landfill area. Such wells are to be built from the base to the top surface of the landfill and shall consist of rock filled gabons.

Landfill Gas Utilization. The Contractor shall be permitted to extract and utilize landfill gas at the Disposal Facility, as well as to sell the landfill gas or any resulting gas byproduct, so long as such activities do not adversely affect any of the Contractor’s abilities to fully meet its responsibilities under this Contract. Expenses from such landfill gas extraction and utilization shall be borne solely by the Contractor. Revenues from such landfill gas extraction and utilization shall be gained solely by the Contractor.

1208 Volume and density of Waste

Equipment. Landfill equipment (such as bulldozers and compactors) used for spreading, grading and compacting solid waste and cover shall be sufficiently heavy to densify these materials maximally, ensuring optimum use of the available void space and minimization of daily cover

requirements, as well as reduction in problems of roads and other pests. Such equipment shall be equivalent to at least D8 Caterpillar in weight.

Compaction Levels. Each daily layer of solid waste shall receive a minimum of 8 passes of such equipment for purposes of compaction; and a layer shall consist of no more than 20 centimeters of waste. The solid waste shall reach a density of no less than 800-kg/cubic meter on the day of deposition and after being compacted by the landfill equipment. The cover material shall reach a permeability of no more than 10-6 cm/sec following compaction. 1209 Surface Water Management

The Contractor shall construct all necessary drains or structures to prevent water from running onto active areas of the Disposal Facility, minimize infiltration to the landfill cells, limit erosion of side slopes and cover material, and avoid leachate generation. All flows of surface water shall be appropriately designed to drain from the Site so as to avoid flooding, erosion or other damage downgradient of the Site. All flows of surface water shall be designed to minimize contact with wastes. To the extent possible, surface water shall be diverted around the perimeter of the Site. Design and construction of the surface water collection shall be compatible with the overall surface water management system in the vicinity of the Site.

1210 Groundwater Management

The Contractor shall construct all necessary waste reception areas, landfill cells, and underlying layers of compacted clay soil to prevent water from pooling on the surface of the landfill liner or infiltrating through the landfill liner. All liners shall be graded and compacted to provide a slope that encourages water to flow to an open channel rather than infiltrate through the liner. Daily and Interim Cover Material shall be selected, graded and compacted to prevent infiltration of water to the waste material. The Contractor shall conduct operations in such a manner that settlement/consolidation of the liner and related underlying soil material will still enable water to flow toward the open channels rather than perch on the liner and eventually infiltrate through the liner. Phasing of landfill cell construction shall be organized to encourage areas near the open channels to settle earlier than areas away from the open channels, so as to maintain flow to the channels.

1211 Nuisance Avoidance

Noise Control. All aspects of the Works, Operation, Restoration and Aftercare shall be undertaken in such a manner as to minimize noise attributable to the Site. All Plant and Mobile Plant to be used on the Site shall be effectively sound-reduced by means of silencers, mufflers, acoustic linings or shield, acoustic sheds or screens or other means, to avoid disturbance to any nearby noise sensitive receivers. The Contract shall conduct routine maintenance to keep all silencing equipment in good operation in order to minimize noise. Any work causing excessive noise shall not be conducted near schools during school hours or near the cemetery during any funeral services. If the City determines that excessive noises are routinely disturbing nearby noise sensitive receivers, the Contractor may be required to install noise barriers, specifically reimbursable under a negotiated Contract Change Order.

Dust Control. The Contractor shall minimize the generation of dust as a result of Works and Operations, at all times. The Contract shall install and use effective dust suppression equipment, including water sprays for Interior Access Roads and for the Soil Cover excavation and placement activities. Fine-grained materials delivered for Construction (such as cement, fuel ash,

and/or sand) shall be stockpiled within a three-sided enclosure and regularly wetted with water spray.

Rodent Control. All wastes brought to the Site shall be contacted before the close of the workday, to minimize voids that could provide habitat for Rodents.

Insect Control. All wastes brought to the Site shall be covered with at least 15 centimeters of soil cover or equivalent, to avoid the migration of fly larvae out of the waste. As needed, waste disposal areas shall be sprayed with insect pesticide acceptable to agencies regulating protection of water quality. Workers conducting the spraying shall be properly trained and wear suitable protective clothing and a mask. Such spraying shall be conducted in non-peak work hours or non-work hours. The Site shall be kept clear of empty containers or tires that are capable of retaining water and thus supporting mosquito larvae or pupae. Similarly, the Contractor shall allow no formation of pools or stagnant water, and any cisterns used for storing water shall be kept clean and covered.

Odor Control. The Contractor shall minimize odors attributable to waste and/or waste decomposition. Wastes shall be immediately deposited at the working face of the landfill cell upon arrival at the Disposal Facility, and then immediately graded, compacted, and covered. The size of the working face shall be minimized.

Fire Control. Controlled burning of waste shall not be permitted at the Disposal Site. Smoking shall not be permitted in any of the areas of the Site wherein Wastes are received or deposited. Small fires shall be immediately extinguished with water or fire extinguishers if the seat of the fire is visible and the burning materials are known to be non-hazardous. If the fire spreads rapidly or the nature of the burning materials is unknown, the landfill equipment shall be used by the Contractor to cordon off the fire, and the area shall be evacuated by all except trained and authorized Fire Services personnel. After extinction, any materials involved in a fire shall be excavated or otherwise removed from the scene of the fire and monitored to ensure that they do not re-ignite. For subsurface fires, cut-off trenches and flooding with water shall be used to extinguish the fires, while the area is cordoned off to avoid spread of the fire.

Wheel Washing. Vehicles shall be have their wheels washed before leaving the Disposal Facility, so that wastes which are contaminated and odorous are not spread along the Access Roads.

1212 Environmental and Operational Monitoring

Leachate Monitoring. The Contractor shall develop and maintain viable groundwater monitoring wells upgradient and downgradient of the Disposal Facility. The Contractor shall monitor the leachate levels, leachate quantity, and leachate quality during all stages of landfill development, operation, and aftercare. The groundwater monitoring wells, groundwater parameters sampled, and analytical procedures shall address the requirements of environmental regulatory bodies in []. If monitoring establishes that leachate is migrating from the Disposal Facility in significant quantities to cause harm to the general public, consideration shall be given to the construction of a leachate barrier and collection system (under condition of a Contract Change Order, as needed). The Contractor shall cooperatively work with the City to reach agreement on any emergency mitigative measures and to implement said measures under a Contract Change Order in as expeditious a manner as possible to safeguard public health and environmental protection.

Gas Monitoring. The Contractor shall develop and maintain a system of landfill gas monitoring drillholes around the perimeter and within the landfill cell area of the Disposal Facility. The

Contractor shall monitor landfill gas quantity and composition during all stages of landfill development, operation, and aftercare. The landfill gas drillholes, sampling devices used and analytical procedures shall address the requirements of environmental regulatory bodies in []. If monitoring establishes that landfill gas is migrating from the Disposal Facility in significant quantities to cause harm to the general public, consideration shall be given to the construction of landfill gas barriers and/or extraction systems (under condition of a Contract Change Order, as needed). The Contractor shall cooperatively work with the City to reach agreement on any emergency mitigative measures and to implement said measures under a Contract Change Order in as expeditious a manner as possible to safeguard public health and safety.

Surface Water Monitoring. Surface water drainage channels in the vicinity of the Disposal Facility, both upgradient and downgradient of the Facility, shall be monitored by the Contractor for contamination by surface runoff or leachate from the landfill operations. If monitoring establishes that the surface water is contaminated in significant levels to be harmful to the general public or downgradient aquatic life, consideration shall be given to collection and/or treatment of the surface water (under condition of a Contract Change Order, as needed). The Contractor shall cooperatively work with the City to reach agreement on any emergency mitigative measures and to implement said measures under a Contract Change Order in as expeditious a manner as possible to safeguard public health and environmental quality.

1213 Environmental and Pollution Control Requirements

All aspects of the Works, Operation and Aftercare shall be conducted such that the pollutant levels at the Disposal Facility are adhered to. If during any environmental monitoring it is found that the pollutant levels rise above these stipulated maximum levels, the Contractor shall immediately remedy the cause of this adverse environmental impact within 14 calendar days and shall be subject to receipt of a Warning.

For leachate, total chemical oxygen demand levels shall be no higher than 100 mg/l and total nitrogen shall be no higher than 200 mg/l in the open channel at the point wherein it flows from the Site.

For landfill gas, the concentration of flammable gas outside the Disposal Facility boundary measured at the ground surface from a drill hole shall not exceed 30 ppm.

For groundwater, total chemical oxygen demand levels shall be no higher than 50 mg/l measured in a groundwater monitoring well downgradient of the Disposal Facility and at the Facility’s boundary.

The five-minute noise level shall not exceed 75 decibels at the ground surface along the Disposal Facility’s boundary.

Measured dust concentrations at any monitoring location along the boundary of the Disposal Facility shall not exceed 10 mg/cubic meter over 8 hours of total suspended particulates.

1214 Materials Use and Recovery

The Contractor shall construct a work shed for registered adult Waste Pickers to carry out recovery of recyclable materials arising from the Disposal Facility’s waste receipts. The work shed shall provide protection from rainfall, and be furnished with worktables to facilitate sorting activities. Tubs for washing plastic film, bottles and cans shall be provided, as well as water supply for washing purposes. Drainage from this activity shall be discharged to the perimeter open channel. The Contractor shall no conduct any solid waste materials recovery or recycling activities. The Contractor shall not enter into any revenue generating arrangements with the

Waste Pickers, nor influence those agents to whom the Pickers sell their recovered materials, nor compete with the Pickers for access to recoverable materials.

1215 Final Cap

The final cap shall be designed and constructed over the whole surface area of the Site below which waste has been deposited in a controlled landfill manner. The final cap shall have a durable working life in excess of the period during which discernible amounts of leachate and landfill gas are still being produced and over which discernible settlement is occurring due to waste degradation, which shall be considered to be 5 years in the case of []’s tropical climate and highly organic putrescible solid waste. The final cap shall contain the waste to minimize environmental nuisances, provide an aesthetic appearance, provide a growing medium for restoration planting and revegetation, minimize infiltration and resulting leachate generation, minimize oxygen entering the landfill cells and interacting with potentially exploitable or flammable landfill gas, and assist with the control of landfill gas arising from within the landfilled mass and ventilating to the atmosphere. The final cap shall not be prone toward erosion and shall accommodate vehicle access track, public footpaths, and appropriate surface water drainage.

1216 Landscape WorkWithin 6 months from the start of this Contract, the Contractor shall develop and submit for approval a Restoration Plan that shall include a landscape plan. The landscape plan shall address the surveyed wishes of surrounding residents regarding the types of uses they would like to have on the Site upon completion of landfilling and Aftercare. The landscape plan shall be prepared by a qualified Landscape Architect and shall be designed to create a useful and aesthetically pleasing space for the public following completion of the Site and Aftercare period. To the extent possible, the landscape shall blend into the surrounding landscape in terms of topography and vegetation and shall enhance the overall aesthetic value of the neighborhood.

1217 Landfill Aftercare

Following completion of the landfill final cover and landscaping, any irregularities in the landfill cap which develop due to settlement or erosion or slides shall be repaired, made good and planted in accordance with the Restoration Plan, such that the final cap continues to fulfil its performance function (i.e., minimize infiltration, mitigate odors, create an aesthetic completed appearance). During Aftercare, the Contractor shall provide thorough and responsive landscape management to ensure the optimum survival and growth rates of newly planted grasses, shrubs and trees. The Contractor shall maintain in a safe condition and pleasing appearance all pedestrian and vehicular routes, fencing, pavilions, playing fields, gates and other structures erected for public use upon closure of the landfill operations.

Leachate and landfill gas shall be managed, including collection, removal, treatment and discharge, as conducted during landfill operations, including maintenance, refurbishment, and replacement of any leachate and landfill gas management facilities so that the systems continue to fulfil their required performance criteria as they did during landfill Operations.

Monitoring during Aftercare shall continue to be undertaken by the Contractor as it was during landfill Operations.

The Aftercare Period shall last for [] months. Upon completion of Aftercare, the City shall inspect the Disposal Facility and, if acceptable in terms of the Contract specifications, shall issue

a Handover Certificate requiring the Contractor to curtail all efforts under this Contract and leave the Site in the inspected and accepted condition described in the Handover Certificate.

Item 11. Financial and Audit Provisions

The following financial provisions shall apply to this construction and operations contract:

1. The Contractor shall provide to the City proof of payment of road taxes for each vehicle, proof of vehicle registration and insurance, proof of vehicle road-worthiness and adequacy of emissions control, proof of contractor/franchisee registration, proof of the Contractor’s payment of income taxes each year, and proof of holding any essential permits in intervals of 12 months from the commencement date of this Contract.

2. Prior to the commencement date under this Contract, certificates of insurance or verified copies of all insurance policies shall be provided to the City, together with a certificate of the insurer that the policy or policies are in full force and effect and that same will not be altered, amended or terminated without thirty (30) days written notice having been given to the department. If the levels of coverage and policy conditions outlined in the insurance policies do not meet the requirements of the department, the Contractor will be required to obtain additional coverage prior to the start of work. All insurance policies shall be renewed at least fifteen days before expiry. The Contractor shall furnish the City with adequate evidence that the Contractor has obtained and is maintaining in force workman’s compensation and employee’s liability insurance to cover immediate expenses and long-term costs, including loss of income, related to injury and disability obtained during and from work operations.

3. All accounting periods other than the first and last shall begin on the first and end on the last day of each calendar month during the Contract period.

4. The first accounting period shall being on the first day of the Contract Period and end on the last day of the calendar month during which it began.

5. The last accounting period shall begin on the first day of the calendar month during which the Contract Period terminates and end on such termination.

6. After the end of each accounting period, the Contract shall submit to the City an account in respect of that part of the Service performed during that accounting period. Any such account may be amended by the Contract to correct purely clerical and arithmetical errors until the certificate mentioned in the next paragraph is issued.

7. Within [] days of receipt of the account mentioned above, the City shall issue a certificate certifying the amount properly due on that account in accordance with the Contract, having regard to the account and any additions or deductions required or authorized by the Contract.

8. Within [] days after the issue of such a certificate as mentioned above, the City or the Contractor, as the case may be, shall pay such amount as is properly certified and due. In the event of late payment by either party, that party shall pay interest at the rate of [].

9. For avoidance of doubt, the Contractor shall be entitled, at the most, to such monies as are shown on the submitted accounts, and in respect of services actually supplied to the City by the Contractor or on its behalf.

10. During the Contract Period the Contract Price shall be reviewed annually on the anniversary of the commencement of the Contract Period and the adjustments made in the subsequent annual review period as a function of the following:

11. Landfill operating costs shall be adjusted as a function of official changes in the cost for diesel fuel, as determined by []. Each year, on the anniversary date of the signing of this Contract, the fuel costs in the Contract value shall be increased or decreased respectively by []% of the net percentage change in the fuel price index. Similarly, each year, the labor costs in the Contract value shall be increased or decreased respectively by [] % of the net percentage change in the consumer price index. For this cost escalation clause to be applied, the Base Rate in the Contract shall be broken down to show the portion of costs attributable to fuel and to labor.

12. The City shall only pay in respect to the lump sums designated in the Contract, based on the estimated amounts of waste currently and projected to be received at the disposal site. These amounts shall not be changed unless the City requests that an additional source of waste (such as another municipality) be allowed to discharge their wastes at the site. In such case, this additional source of waste shall not be discharged until such time as the City and the Contractor have negotiated an additional lump sum payment structure for this additional waste. The additional lump sum shall be commensurate in cost per tonne or cost per cubic meter as the quantities already being handled in this Contract, and not be negotiated at any significantly different rate. The rate shall be estimated to the best of ability of the City and Contractor, understanding that there shall be no weighbridge available at the disposal site during the duration of this Contract.

13. The Contract shall be charged sanctions or penalties for non-compliance with the Contract, including non-compliance with environmental, health and safety standards and regulations. Work stoppages and delays shall be cause for sanctions or penalties. The rate structure for such sanctions or penalties is provided under [] of this Contract.

14. The Contractor shall permit the City to have access at all times to the premises, facilities, and records of the Contractor regarding this Contract, and, if so required, to ensure that its Officers, servants and agents give such information and other assistance to the City as will enable him or her carry out his or her duties under this Contract.

15. On the last day of each year of this Contract, the Contractor shall present an annual financial summary of all costs, accounts and payments regarding this Contract, including a summary of all civil works, all equipment used, all operations conducted, and all waste loads and quantities received at the disposal site.

16. On the last day of each year of this Contract, the Contractor shall present an annual environmental summary of all environmental impacts, monitoring actions, and mitigative measures at the disposal site, including all activities to address the public’s perception of the environmental effects of the disposal site.

17. The Contractor may petition the City at any time for additional payment rate adjustments on the basis of unusual changes in the cost of operations, such as new or revised laws, ordinances or regulations; changes in the location of disposal sites or changes in disposal fees; and for other reasons. The City shall have the right, as a condition for its approval, to demand inspections by itself or by an independent auditor of pertinent records that demonstrate the need for an adjustment to the payment rates.

Item 12. Bill of Quantities – Priced Items and Schedule

[*] To be modified from IDB document from GWSC with addition of specific items from Charles Garrett

1.0 PREAMBLE

1.1 Introduction. The Bill of Quantities includes this Preamble, the Parts of the Bill of Quantities and the Schedules.

1.2 The quantities set out in the Bill of Quantities are the estimated quantities of the work and they are not to be taken as the actual and correct quantities of the Works to be executed by the Contractor in fulfillment of his obligations under the Contract.

1.3 The Permanent Works shall be measured net notwithstanding any general or local custom except where otherwise specifically described or prescribed in the Contract.

1.4 The rates and prices in the Bills of Quantities shall, except where otherwise provided in the Contract, cover all the Contractor's obligations under the Contract and all matters and things necessary for the proper execution and maintenance of the Works.

1.5 Except where otherwise detailed in the Bill of Quantities or specified, labor, including the supervision thereof, materials. Construction Plant, Temporary Works, transport to and from the site and in and about the works and other things of every kind required for the execution and maintenance of the Works shall not be measured and the cost thereof shall be deemed to be included in the rates and prices in the Bill of Quantities.

1.6 The total quantity included in the final measurement of each item shall be measured to the nearest integer relative to that item or to two decimal places if so indicated in the Bill of Quantities.

1.7 All measurement in this Contract is in accordance with the standard foot-pound-second system. If the Contractor wishes to use the metric system, he shall obtain the Engineer's approval prior to starting the work.

1.8 The following abbreviations are used in the Bill of Quantities:

sq. - squarecu. - cubicL.S. - lump sum[].$ - [] Dollaryd. - yardgl. - gallon

1.9 Where in the Bill of Quantities there is a Schedule or subsidiary bill setting out the quantities of component materials and work which comprise a unit of work measured under a single item in a Part of the Bill of Quantities, the said quantities shall be subject to admeasurement and valued at the rates and prices entered therein and the total thereof shall be the rate for the item in the Part.

2..0 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

2.1 Base Course

The quantity of sand-clay/white sand base to be paid for under this Section shall be the area in square yards of base course, completed and accepted.

2.2 Crusher Run Stone

The quantity of crusher run base course to be paid for under this Section shall be the area in square yards of base course, completed and accepted.

2.3 Prime and Tack Coats

The quantity to be paid for under this Section shall be the area in square yards completed and accepted.

2.4 Surface Dressing (Double Bituminous Surface Treatment)

The quantity to be paid for under this section shall be the area (in square yards) completed and accepted.

2.5 Asphaltic Concrete Hot Mix

The quantity to be paid for under this section shall be the area in square yards completed and accepted.

3.0 SCHEDULE OF BASIC RATES AND PRICES OF LABOUR, FUEL AND LUBRICANTS, AND MATERIALS (SCHEDULE "A")

This schedule of rates for Labour, Fuel and Lubricants and Materials shall be used for computing any increase or decrease in cost.

The Tenderer shall submit with his Tender document evidence including quotations to substantiate the rate and price entered in this schedule.

Grade of Labour Rates (G$) per day

1. Dragline/Excavator/Bulldozer Operator2. Serviceman3. Carpenter4. Foreman5. Skilled Labour6. Unskilled Labour

Fuel and Lubricant Unit Rates (G$)

1. Diesel imp. gal2. Hydraulic Oil "3. Engine Oil "4. Gear Oil "5. Gasoline "

List of Materials Unit Rate (G$)

1. White sand c.y2. Sand/Loam c.y3. Crusher Run c.y4. RC 250 gal.

LIST OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

DESCRIPTION MODEL OR TYPE

QUANTITY OWNERSHIP

NAME OF CONTRACTOR: .............................................................................SIGNATURE: .............................................................................DATE: .............................................................................

LIST OF SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL

NAME OF SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL DESIGNATION YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

NAME OF CONTRACTOR: .............................................................................SIGNATURE: .............................................................................DATE: ..............................................................................